人教版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義必修四　Unit4BodyLanguage

第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)必修四Unit4BodyLanguage1.身勢(shì)語是傳遞交際信息的非語言手段，學(xué)習(xí)了解身勢(shì)語，幫助學(xué)生了解文化差異和身勢(shì)語的變化，可以防止跨文化交際中產(chǎn)生誤解，甚至沖突。2.學(xué)習(xí)掌握常用的表示“禁止”、“警告”、“義務(wù)”的用語。Whenyougreetwithothers,whatmethodwillyourankfirst,usingspokenstatementorunspokengesturesorbothofthem?Ifyouarenotsure,youmaylosefaceorbemisunderstoodbyothersorevenbringaboutangerofothers.Whetheryouareinthedormitoryorthecanteen,weareusingbodylanguagetohelpusexpressourselves.Noddingrepresentsagreementwhileraisingyourfistrepresentsdisagreement.Hugsareinassociationwithkindnessandcuriousfacialexpressionsrefertointerest.Whenyouareontheflight,youcan'tapproachastrangertooclose,whomaydefendhimselfbykeepingasafedistance.Yoursmilesonyourcheeksmayeasehisorherworrybuttheirfalsesubjectivejudgementhasfunctionedandhewouldbelikelytoturnhisbacktoyourproposalsindefenceofhimself.1.representvt.代表；象征2.approachvt.&vi.接近；靠近；走近n.接近；方法；途徑3.defendagainst保衛(wèi)……以免受4.belikelyto很可能……；有希望……5.ingeneral總的來說；通常6.atease舒適；快活；自由自在7.loseface丟臉8.turnone'sbackto背對(duì)；背棄你面頰上的微笑可能會(huì)減少他們的擔(dān)心，但是他們錯(cuò)誤的主觀判斷已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了。所以為了保護(hù)自己，他們可能會(huì)對(duì)你的提議置之不理。Yoursmilesonyourcheeksmayeasehisorherworrybuttheirfalsesubjectivejudgementhasfunctionedandhewouldbelikelytoturnhisbacktoyourproposalsindefenceofhimself.★greetvi.&vt.迎接；問候★dormitoryn.宿舍★canteenn.食堂★flightn.飛行；航班★curiousadj.好奇的★cheekn.面頰★defencen.防御；保衛(wèi)★majoradj.主要的★adultn.成人；成年人adj.成人的；成熟的★spokenadj.口語的★Spainn.西班牙(歐洲國家)★facialadj.面部的★functionn.作用；功能；職能vi.起作用；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)★trulyadv.真實(shí)地；真誠地；真正地★falseadj.錯(cuò)誤的；假的★angern.怒氣；怒火★fistn.拳頭★subjectiveadj.主觀的★hugvi.&vt.擁抱★rankn.等級(jí)；軍銜★statementn.陳述；說明★associationn.社團(tuán)；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想★curiouslyadv.好奇地；誤解，誤會(huì)★misunderstandingn.誤解；誤會(huì)★unspokenadj.未說出口的；非口語的1.representvt.代表；象征I'llrepresenttohimtheriskheisrunning.我要向他指出他所面臨的險(xiǎn)境。represent...as...把……描繪成……representoneselfas/tobe自稱是represent...tosb.向某人描繪……Theyrepresentedthemselvesasthepartyoflowtaxation.他們稱自己是低稅率的黨。ShakespearerepresentsRichardⅢasablack－h(huán)eartedvillain.莎士比亞把查理三世描寫成一個(gè)心腸狠毒的反面角色。representationn.表現(xiàn)，描述representativen.代表，有代表性的事物adj.有代表性的2.associationn.協(xié)會(huì)，社團(tuán)；結(jié)合，聯(lián)合；交往NBAstandsforNationalBasketballAssociation.NBA指國家籃球協(xié)會(huì)。inassociationwith在……的幫助下haveanassociationwith...與……有交往Heisworkinginassociationwiththepoliceonthis.他正和警方在此事上進(jìn)行合作。associatevt.(使)發(fā)生聯(lián)系；(使)聯(lián)合；結(jié)交；聯(lián)想n.同事associateAwithB＝AisassociatedwithB把……聯(lián)想/聯(lián)系起來；與……有關(guān)WhiskyisusuallyassociatedwithScotland.人們通常把威士忌與蘇格蘭聯(lián)系起來。Iwon'thavemysonassociatingwithknowncriminals.我不會(huì)讓我的兒子與臭名昭著的罪犯交往。I'vegotanewjobandanewsetofworkassociates.我有了新工作和一班子新同事。3.approachvt.&vi.接近；靠近；走近n.接近；方法；途徑Heapproachedthebirdquietly.他悄悄地走近那只小鳥。Weheardtheapproachofthetrain.我們聽到火車開過來了。Allapproachestothetownareblocked.所有通往城鎮(zhèn)的道路都被堵住了。Manykindsofbirdsflysouthattheapproachofwinter.隨著冬天的到來，很多鳥兒飛往南方。makeapproachestosb.親近某人，與某人接近provideanapproachto提供……的入門approachsb.aboutsth.為某事同某人打交道approachsb.forinformation向某人了解情況4.defendvt.保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)defendsb./sth.from/againstsb./sth.保護(hù)某人某物免受傷害defendoneselfagainststh.為自己辯護(hù)Thewallwasbuilttodefendtheroadfrombeingwashedawaybythesea.建這個(gè)圍墻是為了保護(hù)這條路不被海水沖垮。defense/defencen.保衛(wèi)，防御indefense/defence自衛(wèi)，防御indefenseof保衛(wèi)……，為……辯護(hù)TheGreatWallofChinawasbuiltasadefenseagainstintruders.長城是為了抵御外敵入侵而修建的。defence作不可數(shù)名詞代表防衛(wèi)的行為(action)，可數(shù)名詞表示可以防衛(wèi)的東西(something)。5.likelyadj.可能的Notlikely![口]不可能！才不呢！(強(qiáng)調(diào)否認(rèn)或拒絕)belikelyto可能會(huì)……Itislikelythat...可能會(huì)……Sheisthemostlikelygirltowintheprize.她是最有希望得獎(jiǎng)的女孩。Itislikelytoraintonight.今天可能會(huì)下雨。Sheisnotlikelytoenextmonth.她下月很可能不來。Itislikelythathewillbelate.他可能會(huì)遲到。possible，probable或likelypossible指客觀上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意思；probable比possible可能性大，表示“很可能，大概”，指有實(shí)際依據(jù)或邏輯上的合情合理；likely是指從外表跡象進(jìn)行判斷有可能發(fā)生的事。注意：possible和probable一般不用人做主語，likely既可以用人也可以用物做主語。6.functionn.作用；功能；職能vi.起作用；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)Themachinewillnotfunctionproperlyifitisnotkeptwell－oiled.機(jī)器沒有上好油，就不會(huì)順利地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。Whatfunctionsdoesthismachinehave?這部機(jī)器有哪些功能？functionas擔(dān)任，起作用Anattributivenounfunctionsasanadjective.定語性名詞起形容詞作用。functionaladj.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的，有……功能的，起……作用的7.easen.安逸；舒適vt.減輕(痛苦；憂慮)atease舒適；快活；自由自在withease輕易地，毫不費(fèi)力地feel/lookatease感到/看上去心情放松put/setsb.atone'sease使某人放松、松弛takeone'sease休息，輕松一下Hermindwasateaseknowingthatthechildrenweresafe.聽說孩子們都很安全，她才放下心來。Hepracticeduntilhecouldplaythesongwithease.他不斷練習(xí)這首歌，直到能熟練地演奏。Asmileisintendedtomakepeopleatease.微笑旨在使人們輕松自在。二、重點(diǎn)短語需精通1.ingeneral總的來說；通常；總之Ingeneral，thenorthernersarekeenondumplingswhilethesouthernersarefondofrice.一般說來，北方人喜歡吃餃子，而南方人喜歡吃米飯。onthewhole總的來說generallyspeaking一般說來asawhole就整體上來看inaword總之toputitsimply簡(jiǎn)單地說2.loseface丟臉You'lllosefaceifyoudon'tkeepyourpromise.你如果沒有遵守諾言，會(huì)丟臉的。befacedwith面對(duì)facetoface面對(duì)面loseheart泄氣，灰心loseone'sheartto愛上，鐘情于loseone'sway迷路losecourage喪失勇氣3.turnone'sbackto背對(duì)；背棄Itisimpolitetoturnone'sbacktotheotherwhiletalking.交談時(shí)背對(duì)對(duì)方是不禮貌的。Onemustnever,whateverreason,turnhisbacktolife.不管是什么理由，人都不能背叛人生。turnadeafearto...對(duì)……充耳不聞，置若罔聞turnone'snoseupat...瞧不起，輕視，蔑視shut/closeone'seyesto...閉目不看，視而不見

三、重點(diǎn)句式能熟用1.ThefirstpersontoarrivewasTonyGarciafromColombia，closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.第一個(gè)到達(dá)的是從哥倫比亞來的托尼·加西亞，隨后緊跟著的是英國的朱莉婭·史密斯。動(dòng)詞不定式toarrive在句中作后置定語。當(dāng)中心詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞限定時(shí)，常用不定式作后置定語；過去分詞短語closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain在句中作伴隨狀語。動(dòng)詞follow與其邏輯主語TonyGarcia之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是第一位獲得奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌的女子。①動(dòng)詞不定式作定語要放在所修飾的名詞或者代詞的后面。②有很多名詞?？捎貌欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ。常見的有ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。③如果不定式是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等時(shí)，不定式后面要有必要的介詞。④當(dāng)名詞被first,last,second...以及形容詞的最高級(jí)或者only等修飾時(shí)，其后可用不定式作定語。⑤不定式作定語一般表示將來。⑥作定語的不定式和被修飾詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但如果是由句子的主語或者句子中另一個(gè)名詞或者代詞發(fā)出時(shí)，則要用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。2.Withsomanyculturaldifferencesbetweenpeople，itisgreattohavesomesimilaritiesinbodylanguage.人們之間有那么多文化方面的不同，但在肢體語言方面有相似之處真是太好了。此處的“Withsomanyculturaldifferencesbetweenpeople”為“with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，betweenpeople是介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)即“with＋賓語＋補(bǔ)語”，賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)可用作定語或者狀語，作狀語的with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式以及伴隨情況等。Hesatwithhisarmsclaspedroundhisknees.(名詞＋過去分詞短語)他雙臂抱膝坐在那里。Withthestockmarketfalling，theprospectofAsianeconomyisbleak.(名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞)股市下跌，亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)前景暗淡。Withnothingtodo，Iwentonaroundofthebookshops.(名詞＋不定式)手頭無事可做，我就去逛書店。Hewaslyinginbedwithhisclotheson.(名詞＋副詞)他穿著衣服躺在床上。Theystoodwiththeirbackstothewall.(名詞＋介詞短語)他們背朝墻站著。Heisusedtosleepingwiththewindowopen.(名詞＋形容詞)他習(xí)慣于開著窗睡覺。3.Notallculturesgreeteachotherthesameway，noraretheyfortableinthesamewaywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.各種文化背景下人們互致問候的方式各不相同，身體接觸和相互間距離的程度也并不一樣。not與一些表示完全意義的詞如both,all,every,包括everything，everybody，everywhere或者altogether,entirely,pletely等連用，不管not放在什么位置，均表示部分否定。NoteveryWelshmanspeaksWelsh.并不是每個(gè)威爾士人都說威爾士語。Idon'tknowallofthem.我并不認(rèn)識(shí)他們所有的人。如果句子中出現(xiàn)下列單詞或短語則該句為全部否定：noneof＋n./pron.;neither＋n./pron.;no＋n.;nothing；nobody；neither；never；nowhere；neither...nor等。 四、話題寫作多積累訓(xùn)練十九：寫演講稿演講稿是人們?cè)诠ぷ骱蜕鐣?huì)生活中經(jīng)常使用的一種文體，它是在較為隆重的儀式上和某些公眾場(chǎng)所發(fā)表的講話文稿，實(shí)際上是屬于一種特殊的說明文或議論文。第一段：禮貌稱呼，提出論題。開始時(shí)對(duì)聽眾的稱呼語最常用的是Ladiesandgentlemen，也可根據(jù)不同情況，選用Fellowstudents,Distinguishedguests,Mr.Chairman,HonorableJudges(評(píng)委)等等。由于演講的時(shí)間限制，提出論題時(shí)必須開門見山。提出論題的方法有各種各樣，但最生動(dòng)、最能引起注意的是舉例法。第二段：精彩論證，方法多樣。對(duì)提出的論題，不可主觀地妄下結(jié)論，而要進(jìn)行客觀的論證。這是演講中最需要下功夫的部分。關(guān)鍵是要把道理講清楚。常見的論證方法有舉例法、因果法、對(duì)比法等等。第三段：結(jié)論有力，收尾簡(jiǎn)潔。結(jié)論要簡(jiǎn)明扼要，以給聽眾留下深刻印象。結(jié)尾要言簡(jiǎn)意賅，點(diǎn)到為止。特別是不要受漢語影響，說些類似“準(zhǔn)備不足，請(qǐng)諒解”“請(qǐng)批評(píng)指正”這樣的客套話。(1)開頭語句Goodmorning/afternoon,everyone/ladiesandgentlemen.It'smyhonortostandhereandsaysomethingabout...I'dliketotellyousomethingabout...(2)主體語句Asweallknow.../Itiswell－knowntousallthat...Fromthispointofview...Noonecandenythefactthat...Whatweshoulddois.../Itisourdutyto...(3)結(jié)尾語句Ifeveryone...,Ibelieve...Aslongaswe...,wecan...Lastbutnotleast,it'severyone'sresponsibilityto...Ifyou...,youwill...!【例1】完成句子①Thedove__represents__peace__(象征和平).②Whydoyou__represent__the__matter__in__this__way__(把這事說成這樣)?③IsuggestthatweestablishMr.Jeffrey__as__our__representative__(作為我們的代表).represent作“說明，使說明”和“傳達(dá)，表達(dá)”講時(shí)不能直接跟人作賓語，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為representsth.tosb.或representtosb.sth.。有類似用法的單詞還有explain,relate(敘說),guarantee,suggest,announce等。【例2】(1)完成句子①聽到那首歌我就會(huì)聯(lián)想起我的童年。Ialways__associate__this__song__with__mychildhood.②許多嚴(yán)重的疾病都與吸煙有關(guān)。Therearemanyseriousdiseases__associated__with__smoking__.③因?yàn)樗陀擞衼硗?，所以他的英語突飛猛進(jìn)。HisEnglishimprovesquicklybecauseofhis__association__with__Britishpeople.④我不喜歡你和那些人混在一起。Idon'tlikeyou__associating__with__thosepeople.＝Idon'tlikeyour__association__with__thosepeople.【例3】(1)完成句子①Thereareseveralwaysof__approaching__the__problem__(解決這個(gè)問題)．②Theshadowslengthenedwith__the__approach__of__sunset__(太陽下落)．③__The__time__is__approaching__(時(shí)機(jī)即將來臨)whenwemustthinkaboutbuyinganewhouse.(2)單句改錯(cuò)Hisapproachfortheproblemisspecialandprovesgood.for改為to【例4】完成句子①Chinesepeople__defended__against__(反抗)theJapaneseduringWorldWarⅡ.②Theyoungmanjoinedthearmy__in__defense__of__(保衛(wèi))hiscountry.③Isthereanymanunwillingtofightin__defence__of__(保衛(wèi))hiscountry.④Thenewspaper__defended__her__against__(為她辯護(hù))theaccusations.⑤You'llneedstrongerevidencetodefendyourself__from__(免受)beingaccused.【例5】(1)完成句子①簡(jiǎn)今晚很可能給我打。Jane__is__likely__to__call/ring__metonight.②他們很可能輸了這次比賽。__It__is__likely__that__theywilllosethegame.(2)用possible，probable或likely填空①Hishealthis__likely__togetworse.②Itis__possible,__thoughnotprobable,thathewilletomorrow.③The__probable__causeofhisfailurewasthathehadbeentootired.④Sheisvery__likely__toringmetonight.【例6】用function的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thismachinehasstopped__functioning__．②I'mhardly__functional__ifIdon'tgeteighthours'sleep!③What__functions__canthisprogrammeperform?④Thebrainperforms__a__very__important__function__(一種非常重要的作用);itcontrolsthenervoussystemofthebody.【例7】完成句子①他在陌生的環(huán)境中感到不那么自在。Hedidn'tfeelpletely__at__ease__inthestrangesurroundings.②好好休息一下，前面的路程遠(yuǎn)而艱難呢。__Take__your__ease,__forthejourneyaheadwillbelongandarduous.③預(yù)計(jì)他們?cè)诟?jìng)選中能夠輕易獲勝。Theyareexpectedtowintheelection__with__ease.【例1】完成句子①__In__general__(總的來說)，Japanesecarsareveryreliableandbreakdownsarerare.②__To__put__it__simply__(簡(jiǎn)單地說)，heisnotconfidentofhimself.③__On__the__whole__(總的來說)，yourpositioniswellwritten.④__In__general__(一般來說)，Ipreferaedytoatragedy.【例2】完成句子①湯姆沒能打敗對(duì)手，這讓他在朋友面前很丟臉。WhenTomfailedtobeathisopponent,hefelthehad__lost__his__face__withhisfriends.②無論你做什么都別灰心。Sodon't__lose__heart,__whateveryoudo.③我發(fā)覺我兒子愛上了我的一個(gè)學(xué)生。I'vefoundthatmyson__lost__his__heart__tooneofmystudents.【例3】使用恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z填空①我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)瞧不起窮人。Weshouldn't__turn__our__nose__up__atthepoor.②她不理睬他們的抱怨。She__turned__a__deaf__ear__to__theirplaints.③你怎能對(duì)你自己的母親撒手不管呢？Howcanyou__turn__your__back__to__yourownmother?【例1】完成句子①我兒子高興地對(duì)我說他是他們班第三個(gè)完成作業(yè)并且唯一一個(gè)得滿分的人。Mysontoldmegladlythathewasthethirdperson__to__finish__hisworkandtheonlyonetogetfullmarksinhisclass.②他說他有一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議要參加。Hesaidhehadanimportantmeeting__to__attend.③給我一張紙寫字。Givemeapieceofpaperto__write__on.④他在尋找一間居住的房子。Heislookingforaroomto__live__in.⑤我必須遵守在一月之內(nèi)償付的諾言。Imustkeepthepromiseto__pay__within__a__month．⑥他是做這項(xiàng)工作的最好人選。Hewasthebestmanto__do__the__job．⑦他有很多活要做。Hehasmuchworkto__do.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，修飾其前面的名詞或代詞，也叫中心詞，動(dòng)詞不定式跟中心詞有邏輯關(guān)系，大致分為主謂關(guān)系、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系和狀語關(guān)系等。【例2】完成句子①她把一張寫有姓名的紙放入一只瓶子里。Sheputapieceofpaper__with__her__name__on__it__intoabottle.②其中一個(gè)流體走外管，另一流體走內(nèi)管，而熱交換通過管壁進(jìn)行。Oneofthefluidsflowsthroughtheoutsidepipe，theotherthroughtheinsidepipe,withheatexchange__taking__place__throughthewall.③天氣這么熱，十有八九要下雨。Withtheweather__(being)__so__hot__likethis，tentooneitwillrainpresently.④他從早干到晚，沒有吃的，住的地方也很狹窄。Heworkedfrommorningtillnight，withlittle__to__eat__andonlyatinyplacetolivein.with結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系with結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，但在結(jié)構(gòu)上，with結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without引導(dǎo)，名詞前有冠詞、形容詞、所有格代詞或其他詞類所修飾，結(jié)構(gòu)較松散；而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有with或without引導(dǎo)，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密，名詞前可用可不用修飾語。【例3】完成句子①并非所有的學(xué)生都知道如何解決這個(gè)問題。Allthestudents__do__not__knowhowtodealwiththeproblem.＝__Not__all__thestudentsknowhowtodealwiththeproblem.②這兩本書我都不喜歡。Ilike__neither__ofthebooks.＝Neitherofthebooks__do__Ilike.如果要對(duì)all,both,every,always,以及entirely,altogether,pletely,quite和allthetime等詞作完全否定，那就分別要用與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的全否定詞，如no,none,neither,noone,never,not(never)．..atall等。(2018江西西路片七校高三第一次聯(lián)考)假定你是某學(xué)校的一名高三學(xué)生，你打算競(jìng)選班長，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)用英語寫一篇演講稿：1．你具備了什么條件(能力、性格、愛好等)可以勝任班長的工作；2．如果當(dāng)選，你將為本班同學(xué)做些什么？請(qǐng)列舉至少兩點(diǎn)。注意：詞數(shù)120左右(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。Dearfellowstudents，Thankyouforingtothiselectioncampaigntoday.I'mdelightedtoannouncethatI'mrunningformonitorofourclass.Asahard－workingboywithapleasantpersonality,I'vealwaysbeenconsideredagoodteammember.Meanwhile,asabigfanofsports,I'mfullyawareoftheimportanceofteamwork.Ipossessstrongdeterminationtotakefirmstepstowardachievingthetargetsofmyteam.Inaddition,myworkingexperiencewiththeStudents'UnioninthepasttwoyearswillbeextremelyhelpfultomyfutureworkifIgetelected.IfI'melected,IbelieveIhavetheabilitytoleadourclasstoadvanceintherightdirection.Iwillworkwellwithmyfellowstudentsandtakeeffectivenewmeasures,includingformingateacher－student－friendshipassociation,toofferassistancetostudents'studyandlifehereaswellasactasabridgeofmunicationbetweenteachersandstudents.Thankyouverymuch!第一段：確定本文的目的：“推銷自己”第二段：呈現(xiàn)自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)要善于使用合適的連接詞，把各個(gè)要點(diǎn)組織成一個(gè)完整的整體。在發(fā)表個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，可以使用諺語來提升整個(gè)文章的檔次和文采，也能增加得高分的可能性。第三段：呈現(xiàn)自己的計(jì)劃和表明自己的態(tài)度Inmyopinion,weshouldtryto...考向一在語法填空中設(shè)題(2016全國卷Ⅱ)So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive________possiblebeforelunch.【答案】as考查固定搭配。短語as...as....和……一樣；正是因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)绯康淖⒁饬Ω鼮榧?，所以我們要早起，要和午飯之前一樣的高效率?？枷蚨陂喿x理解中考查“語言”話題(2016全國卷Ⅰ，D)Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful，ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasinessorworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyunfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(間隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofmunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare－giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheyeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient'ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture－specific.D.Itiscontent－based.2.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.3.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.于高考語篇的理解是有百利而無一害的，而且也會(huì)為將來的學(xué)習(xí)奠定基礎(chǔ)。4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。主要介紹了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同內(nèi)涵。1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段首句Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.可知，作者認(rèn)為沉默是有文化特性的。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中whatmaybeimpliedisthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing可知中國人認(rèn)為談話時(shí)人們沉默是在思考。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句話可知，作者建議護(hù)士使用沉默來治療病人。4.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章主要介紹了在不同文化背景下談話期間的沉默的不同含義，由此判斷B選項(xiàng)可以概括文章。計(jì)策1：了解as的用法計(jì)策2：了解as有關(guān)的固定搭配計(jì)策1：盡可能多地了解世界文化背景知識(shí)計(jì)策2：盡可能多地了解與“語言”有關(guān)的文化背景知識(shí)，尤其是世界各地的“肢體語言”計(jì)策3：利用對(duì)比的方法尋找判斷不同文化背景下的“語言”的差異和共性計(jì)策4：“精”做題不要盲目地以題海戰(zhàn)作為提高的途徑。要更講究“精做題，細(xì)研究”。做題時(shí)要控制時(shí)間，營造實(shí)戰(zhàn)氛圍，每次進(jìn)行自我評(píng)分，錯(cuò)題要仔細(xì)分析原因，每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)都要知道錯(cuò)或?qū)υ谀睦?，找出自己的弱點(diǎn)，再有針對(duì)性地尋找這一類型的題目操練。計(jì)策5:“博”知識(shí)“博”的概念就不只局限于英語了，由于高考中語篇涉及面相當(dāng)廣，上至天文地理，下至社會(huì)民俗，所以如果學(xué)生的知識(shí)面比較狹窄是很吃虧的。學(xué)生們?cè)谄綍r(shí)應(yīng)注重積累，多了解時(shí)事新聞、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)、文學(xué)作品、科學(xué)新發(fā)現(xiàn)等等。學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)整體和廣義上的概念，英語的學(xué)習(xí)同樣是無處不在的，擁有廣博的知識(shí)對(duì)一、詞匯拓展1.statevt.陳述；說明→statementn.陳述；說明2.greetvi.&vt.迎接；問候→__greeting__n.迎接；問候3.representvt.代表；象征→__representative__n.代表；眾議員adj.典型的；有代表性的→__representation__n.表現(xiàn)；陳述；代理4.associatevt.聯(lián)系n.同事→__association__n.社團(tuán)；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想5.curiousadj.好奇的→__curiously__adv.好奇地6.defendvt.保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)→__defence__n.防御；保衛(wèi)7.majoradj.主要的→majorityn.多數(shù)；大多數(shù)(常接of)8.misunderstandvt.(misunderstood,misunderstood)誤解，誤會(huì)→__misunderstanding__n.誤解；誤會(huì)9.spokenadj.口語的→__unspoken__adj.未說出口的；非口語的10.likelyadj.可能的→__unlikely__adj.不可能的11.facen.臉→__facial__adj.面部的12.functionn.作用；功能；職能vi.起作用；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)→__functional__adj.功能的13.easen.安逸；舒適vt.減輕(痛苦；憂慮)→__easy__adj.容易的，舒適的14.trueadj.真實(shí)的→__truly__adv.真實(shí)地；真誠地；真正地15.angern.怒氣；怒火→__angry__n.憤怒的16.subjectiveadj.主觀的→__objective__n.目的，實(shí)物，賓格adj.客觀的，目標(biāo)的；賓格的二、單句語法填空1.Aswewalkedintothehouse,wewere__greeted(greet)byawonderfulsmellofbaking.2.All__flights__(flight)outofChicagowereputoffbecauseofthebadweather.3.__Curiously__(curious),IhadmetJohn'snewfriendbefore.Butheseemedtoknowmewell.4.Thetearsrandownher__cheeks__(cheek)butshedidn'tstoptellingthestory.5.Whetheragunisaweaponofoffenceoraweaponof__defense__(defend)dependsonwhichendofityouareat.6.Theremustbesome__misunderstanding__(misunderstand).Ineveraskedforthesechairstobedelivered.7.Thispaperanalyzesthemisunderstandingsexistingin__spoken__(speak)EnglishteachinginChinatoday.8.Somechildrenfinditdifficulttotalkto__adults__(adult).9.His__facial__(face)expressionsareleftinmymemoryforlife.10.Theschool,thusimproved,becameintimea__truly__(true)useful.11.The__majority__(major)ofchildreninourclasshavebrowneyes;onlythreehaveblueeyes.12.Beforewebegin，I'dliketomakea__statement__(state)aboutmynewplan.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Isawseveralchildrengetontheschoolbushappilythatmorning.WhatIsawwasthatseveral