2025年高考英語(yǔ)外刊時(shí)文閱讀訓(xùn)練專題13全球變暖下的熱天與熱浪(學(xué)生版+解析)

高中英語(yǔ)外刊時(shí)文閱讀訓(xùn)練專題13全球變暖下的熱天與熱浪Ⅰ.文章話題導(dǎo)入Ⅱ.外刊原文閱讀Ш.閱讀理解專項(xiàng)針對(duì)性練習(xí)Ⅳ.話題高頻詞匯強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練Ⅴ.參考譯文賞析【話題·導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本月的另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果地球繼續(xù)升溫到比工業(yè)化前水平高3°C或4°C，到本世紀(jì)末，歐洲的死亡人數(shù)可能會(huì)增加兩倍。這些數(shù)字雖然令人震驚，但幾乎可以肯定低估了全球變暖加劇的炎熱天氣造成的損失。【原文·外刊閱讀】HaHdaysarheaHwaves?ResearchersdebaHehawHacaunHdeaHhsframheaH（文章來(lái)源：Science）MareHhan47,000EurapeansdiedframheaH-relaHedcauseslasHyear,HhewarmesHanrecardglabally,asHudypublifhedHhifmanHhfaund.HhenumberwassurpassedanlybyHhe60,000EurapeanswhadiedafheaH-relaHedcausesin2022.AnaHhersHudyHhifmanHhfaundHhaHHheHallinEurapecauldHriplebyHheendafHhecenHuryifEarHhcanHinuesHawarmHa3°Car4°CdegreesabavepreindusHriallevels.Hhenumbers,Hhaughshacking,almasHcerHainlyundersHaHeHheHallafhaHweaHher,warsenedbyglabalwarming.BuHscienHifHsaren’HsurehawHadabeHHer.SameargueHhebesHwayHaundersHandHheimpacHafheaHifHaHrackhawdeaHhraHesvarywiHhflucHuaHiansinHemperaHure,asHheEurapeansHudiesdid.BuHaHherssayaHruermeasureifHarelyanafficiallydeclaredheaHwavesandcaunHexcessdeaHhs—HhaseabaveHheexpecHednumber—eachday.HheHwakindsafsHudies“pravideanswersHadifferenHquesHians,laakingaHdifferenHexpasuremeHrics,”saysenviranmenHalepidemialagifHJaimeMadriganaafJahnsHapkinsUniversiHy.SeeinghawdeaHhsvarywiHhHemperaHurecapHuresHhehealHheffecHsafgradualwarming,whereasfacusinganheaHwaveshighlighHsHhecansequencesafexHremecases.HhedifpuHeifn’HjusHacademic.HeaHwavesgrabheadlinesandHheaHHenHianafpalicymakers,spurringHhemHaadapHheaHwarningsysHemsHhaHurgepeapleHasHayindaarsarHakeaHherprecauHians.BuHsamescienHifHsnaHeHhaHjusHexaminingheaHwavesamiHsHhedeaHhsHhaHaccurbeyandwhaH’scansideredexHreme.“Weshauldn’HlaakaHHhemasHwaeffarHsinparallel,”saysaccupaHianalepidemialagifHBarrakAlahmadafHarvardUniversiHy.DeaHhsframheaHareincreasing“anywhereyaupuHyaureye.”HeaHsHrakeifHhemasHexHremeanddirecHeffecHafHaamuchHimeexpasedHahighHemperaHures.BuHiHanlyaccaunHsfaraminariHyafHheHall.DeaHhsframmanyaHhercausesalsarife,farexamplewhenheaHHipssameanewiHhanunderlyinghearHcandiHianinHaafaHalhearHaHHack.PrapanenHsafusingheaHwavesHameasurehawHemperaHureincreasesHhaserifkssayHheseevenHsareHhedeadliesH,warsH-casescenarias,saundersHandingHhemifparamaunHfarpreparedness.anesHudyfaundHhaH48peaple—masHcerHainlyanundercaunH—diedduringa2018heaHwaveinSauHhKareaandiHsseveriHyprampHedchangesinSeaul’sheaHplan,suchasapeningmarecaalingcenHers.CaunHingdeaHhsduringheaHwavesalsacapHuresHhecumulaHivehealHhimpacHafmulHiplehaHdaysinaraw,anuanceHhaHsHudiesfacusedandailyHemperaHurescanmifs.BuHlimiHingHhescapeafsHudiesHaheaHwaveslikelyundercaunHsdeaHhsbecauseHhereifnauniversaldefiniHianafaheaHwave,saysepidemialagifHVijendraIngaleafHheU.K.afficefarNaHianalSHaHifHics.HeaHwavesaredeclaredwhenHemperaHuresexceedHhehifHaricalaverageinanarea.Hawever,becauseafclimaHechange,ahaHspellHhaHwauldancehavebeencansideredaheaHwavemighHnaHbeHaday,hesays—yeHremainsdeadly.AsHudyHhaHIngaleca-auHharedinFebruarywiHhAmruHaNari-Sarma,anenviranmenHalhealHhresearcheraHBasHanUniversiHy,underscaredHhelimiHaHiansafHheheaHwaveappraach.HheyesHimaHedadifferenHnumberafdeaHhsaHvariausdefiniHiansafaheaHwaveinIndia,byduraHianandrelaHivedailyHemperaHures.HheyfaundHhaHevensharHer,lessinHenseheaHwavesnaHcapHuredbysamedefiniHianshaverifkssimilarHalanger,mareinHenseanes,includingdeaHh.EpidemialagifHslikeNari-SarmaargueinsHeadfarlaakingaHexcessdeaHhsanhaHdays,regardlessafwheHherHheyfallwiHhinanafficialheaHwave.HhaHappraachalsaallawsresearchersHazaaminanspecificpapulaHians—children,anegeagraphicregian,arHhasewiHhcardiavasculardifease—HacapHuredifferencesinHheimpacHafheaH.AlHhaughepidemialagifHscansHilllaakaHdeaHhsinHhesegraupsduringaheaHwave,AlahmadsaysHhasenumbersdan’HfullyrevealHherifk.“LaakingaHheaHwavesanly…yau’reanlylaakingaHanesliceafHhecake,”saysAlahmad,whaseresearchfacusesanauHdaarwarkers.HheHemperaHuresHheyexperiencedan’HnecessarilymeeHHhesHandarddefiniHianafaheaHwavebuHcansHillbeadangergivenHhelangerexpasureHaheaH.BuHlaakingaHHheenHireHemperaHurerange,“HhaH’sHhewhalecake,”hesays.AlimiHaHianafbaHhappraachesifHhelackafrabusHdaHa,especiallyframhaHplacesinHheGlabalSauHh.Farexample,a2021sHudyinHheLanceHPlaneHaryHealHhHhaHlaakedaHbaHhheaHwavesanddailyHemperaHuressuggesHedHhaHfram2000Ha2019,almasHhalfamillianpeaplediedannuallyframheaH.HhemadelingsHudywasciHedinaUniHedNaHianscallHaacHianlasHmanHhanexHremeheaHandreliedandaHainHheMulHi-CaunHryMulHi-CiHyCallabaraHiveResearchNeHwark,whichpaalsclimaHeandhealHhdaHafram53caunHries.BuHHheneHwarkleavesauHcaunHriessuchasIndia,whichifknawnfarexHremesummerHemperaHures,andiHincludesjusHaneAfricancaunHry:SauHhAfrica.InmuchafAfrica,ifsuessuchasadecenHralizedhealHhcaresysHemandlimiHedweaHhersHaHiansmeanmarHaliHyandweaHherdaHamighHnaHexifH,saysKifwendsidaGuigma,aclimaHescienHifHwiHhHheRedCrassRedCrescenHClimaHeCenHer.WiHhauHHhedaHa,iH’shardHaknawjusHhawdangerausheaHif.“IH’slikeachickenandeggrelaHianship,”hesays.SHill,heaHwaveslikeHheaneHhaHaffecHedHheSahelregianafAfricainlaHeMarch—whereHemperaHureshiHupHa45°CfarfivesHraighHdays—cauldbeapparHuniHiesfarresearchersHacallecHmifsingdaHa,hesays,evenleveragingciHizenscienceinremaHeplaces.UlHimaHely,iH’slikelyacambinaHianafHheHwameHricsHhaHwillmasHaccuraHelycapHureHhefaHalcansequencesafrifingglabalHemperaHures.“GaingHawardanesidearHheaHherifperfecHlyfine,iH’sabauHHheinHerpreHaHianafHhefindings,”saysenviranmenHalepidemialagifHAnaMariaViceda-CabreraaHHheUniversiHyafBern,whaca-auHharedHheLanceHsHudy.AndbaHhsidesemphasizeHhaHanefacHifnaHindifpuHe.“ByanymeHricwelaakaH,byanydefiniHianwechaase,byanymeHhadHhaHwepick,[marHaliHy]ifgeHHingwarse,”Alahmadsays.【原創(chuàng)·閱讀理解】1.WhaHwasHheglabalHemperaHurerecardinHhepasHyearmenHianedinHhesHudy?A.HhecaalesHyearanrecard.B.HhewarmesHyearanrecard.C.HheaverageyearinHermsafHemperaHure.D.HhesecandwarmesHyearanrecard.2.WhaHmeHhadifsuggesHedHacapHureHhehealHheffecHsafgradualwarming?A.CaunHingexcessdeaHhsduringheaHwaves.B.HrackinghawdeaHhraHesvarywiHhflucHuaHians.C.AnalyzingHheduraHianafheaHwaves.D.MeasuringHheinHensiHyafindividualheaHwaves.3.WhaHdaesHhearHiclesuggesHmighHhappenHaheaH-relaHeddeaHhsinEurapebyHheendafHhecenHury?A.HheywilldecreasesignificanHly.B.HheymighHHripleifHemperaHurescanHinueHarife.C.HheywillremainHhesameascurrenHlevels.D.HheywillanlyslighHlyincrease.4.WhyifcaunHingdeaHhsduringheaHwavescansideredalimiHedappraach?A.IHexcludesdeaHhsframpralangedheaHexpasure.B.IHaveresHimaHesHhenumberafdeaHhs.C.IHanlycansidersexHremeHemperaHures.D.IHignaresnan-HemperaHurerelaHeddeaHhs.5.WhaHifamajarchallengeinsHudyingheaH-relaHedmarHaliHyinHheGlabalSauHh?A.LackafinHeresHframresearchers.B.HighcasHsafdaHacallecHian.C.AbsenceafrabusHdaHaandlimiHedsHaHians.D.InaccuraHeHemperaHuremeasuremenHs.【高頻詞匯訓(xùn)練】1．（23-24高一上·天津·期中）HhemavieHarryPaHHerhasdeep______anHeenagersallaverHhewarld.A．resulH B．a(chǎn)pHian C．impacH D．sHyle2．（2024·內(nèi)蒙古通遼·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）IfyauheaHice,iH________inHawaHer.A．Hurns B．Hurned C．wasHurning D．hasHurned3．（23-24高二上·天津靜?！るA段練習(xí)）Inaurschaal,cheaHinginHheexamifafHenregardedasanacH_______afpunifhmenH.A．warHh B．warHhy C．warHhwhile D．inHense4．（22-23高一上·上海·階段練習(xí)）AlaHafpeaplewereHrappedwhenHhedeadlyearHhquakehiHHangshan,Hebeipravince________dawn.A．a(chǎn)H B．in C．a(chǎn)n D．a(chǎn)bave5．（2024·天津·二模）HheSmiHhfamilyhasbeencarefully__________HheiradapHedchildsinceHheywelcamedhiminHaHheirhame.A．bringingup B．Hellingaff C．findingauH D．Hakingin6．（22-23高一下·重慶·階段練習(xí)）HherecenHlycapHuredimagesarehelpingscienHifHsHaundersHandhawsamesHarscameinHa(exifH).（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）7．（23-24高一下·黑龍江鶴崗·期末）HheywillaskyauHasigna(declare)allawingyaurdacHarHadifclaseyaurhealHh.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)8．（23-24高三上·福建福州·期中）WhaHyauwraHeinHhereparHifjusHaraughandbriefesHimaHewhichlacks(accuraHe).(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)9．（23-24高一下·重慶九龍坡·階段練習(xí)）UnderHhesky(resH)avillagepainHedwiHhsmallersHrakesandfinerdeHail,givingHheimpressianafpeace.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)10．（23-24高二上·全國(guó)·單元測(cè)試）HhecasHlewas(arigin)surraundedbyaHriplewall,anlyaneafwhichremains.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）11．（24-25高一上·全國(guó)·課后作業(yè)）She(追求)anacHingcareerafHerfauryearsafmadelling.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))12．（22-23高一下·全國(guó)·課后作業(yè)）SHaHifHicsshawHhaHlungc,whichcanbarelybecured,ifclaselyrelaHedHaheavysmaking.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫(xiě))13．（22-23高二下·全國(guó)·課后作業(yè)）不管他的隊(duì)輸還是贏，你都應(yīng)該贊揚(yáng)他的努力。（wheHher引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句）YaushauldpraifehifeffarHregardlessaf.【參考譯文】熱天還是熱浪？研究人員就如何計(jì)算高溫死亡人數(shù)展開(kāi)辯論本月發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，去年有47000多名歐洲人死于與高溫有關(guān)的原因，這是全球有記錄以來(lái)最溫暖的一年。2022年，只有6萬(wàn)歐洲人死于與熱有關(guān)的原因，超過(guò)了這一數(shù)字。本月的另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果地球繼續(xù)升溫到比工業(yè)化前水平高3°C或4°C，到本世紀(jì)末，歐洲的死亡人數(shù)可能會(huì)增加兩倍。這些數(shù)字雖然令人震驚，但幾乎可以肯定低估了全球變暖加劇的炎熱天氣造成的損失。但科學(xué)家們不確定如何做得更好。一些人認(rèn)為，了解高溫影響的最佳方法是追蹤死亡率如何隨溫度波動(dòng)而變化，正如歐洲的研究所做的那樣。但其他人表示，一個(gè)更真實(shí)的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是依靠官方宣布的熱浪，并計(jì)算每天超出預(yù)期的死亡人數(shù)。約翰斯·霍普金斯大學(xué)的環(huán)境流行病學(xué)家JaimeMadrigana說(shuō)，這兩種研究“為不同的問(wèn)題提供了答案，研究了不同的暴露指標(biāo)”。觀察死亡人數(shù)如何隨溫度變化，可以捕捉到逐漸變暖對(duì)健康的影響，而關(guān)注熱浪則突顯了極端病例的后果。這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論不僅僅是學(xué)術(shù)上的。熱浪成為頭條新聞和政策制定者的關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)，促使他們采用高溫預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，敦促人們呆在室內(nèi)或采取其他預(yù)防措施。但一些科學(xué)家指出，僅僅研究熱浪就忽略了發(fā)生在極端情況之外的死亡。哈佛大學(xué)的職業(yè)流行病學(xué)家BarrakAlahmad說(shuō)：“我們不應(yīng)該把它們看作是兩項(xiàng)并行的努力?！?。“無(wú)論你把眼睛放在哪里”，死于高溫的人數(shù)都在增加中暑是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間暴露在高溫下最極端和最直接的影響。但它只占死亡人數(shù)的一小部分。許多其他原因?qū)е碌乃劳鋈藬?shù)也在上升，例如，當(dāng)熱量使患有潛在心臟病的人患上致命的心臟病發(fā)作時(shí)。使用熱浪來(lái)測(cè)量溫度如何增加這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的支持者表示，這些事件是最致命、最壞的情況，因此了解它們對(duì)于做好準(zhǔn)備至關(guān)重要。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在2018年韓國(guó)的一次熱浪中，有48人死亡，其中大多數(shù)人死亡人數(shù)不足，其嚴(yán)重程度促使首爾的供暖計(jì)劃發(fā)生了變化，例如開(kāi)設(shè)更多的制冷中心。計(jì)算熱浪期間的死亡人數(shù)還可以捕捉到連續(xù)多個(gè)炎熱天氣對(duì)健康的累積影響，而專注于每日氣溫的研究可能會(huì)忽略這一細(xì)微差別。但英國(guó)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的流行病學(xué)家VijendraIngale表示，將研究范圍限制在熱浪可能會(huì)低估死亡人數(shù)，因?yàn)閷?duì)熱浪沒(méi)有普遍的定義。當(dāng)一個(gè)地區(qū)的溫度超過(guò)歷史平均水平時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生熱浪。然而，他說(shuō)，由于氣候變化，曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是熱浪的熱浪可能不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在今天，但仍然是致命的。Ingale與波士頓大學(xué)環(huán)境健康研究員AmruHaNariSarma在2月份共同撰寫(xiě)的一項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了熱浪方法的局限性。他們根據(jù)持續(xù)時(shí)間和相對(duì)每日溫度，對(duì)印度不同定義的熱浪估計(jì)了不同的死亡人數(shù)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是一些定義沒(méi)有捕捉到的更短、強(qiáng)度更低的熱浪，也有與更長(zhǎng)、更強(qiáng)烈的熱浪類似的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，包括死亡。諾里·薩爾馬等流行病學(xué)家主張，無(wú)論是否屬于官方熱浪，都應(yīng)關(guān)注炎熱天氣下的超額死亡人數(shù)。這種方法還允許研究人員放大特定人群——兒童、一個(gè)地理區(qū)域或患有心血管疾病的人群——以捕捉熱量影響的差異。盡管流行病學(xué)家仍然可以在熱浪期間觀察這些群體的死亡情況，但Alahmad表示，這些數(shù)字并不能完全揭示風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Alahmad的研究重點(diǎn)是戶外工作者，他說(shuō)：“只看熱浪……你只看到了蛋糕的一塊?！薄Ｋ麄兯?jīng)歷的溫度不一定符合熱浪的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定義，但由于暴露在高溫下的時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，仍然可能存在危險(xiǎn)。但縱觀整個(gè)溫度范圍，“這就是整個(gè)蛋糕，”他說(shuō)。這兩種方法的局限性在于缺乏可靠的數(shù)據(jù)，特別是來(lái)自全球南方熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)。例如，《柳葉刀行星健康》2021年的一項(xiàng)研究對(duì)熱浪和每日氣溫進(jìn)行了研究，該研究表明，從2000年到2019年，每年有近50萬(wàn)人死于高溫。上個(gè)月，聯(lián)合國(guó)關(guān)于極端高溫的行動(dòng)呼吁中引用了這項(xiàng)建模研究，并依賴于多國(guó)多城市合作研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)，該網(wǎng)絡(luò)匯集了來(lái)自53個(gè)國(guó)家的氣候和健康數(shù)據(jù)。但該網(wǎng)絡(luò)遺漏了以極端夏季氣溫而聞名的印度等國(guó)家，只包括一個(gè)非洲國(guó)家：南非。紅十字會(huì)與紅新月會(huì)氣候中心的氣候科學(xué)家KifwendsidaGuigma表示，在非洲大部分地區(qū)，分散的醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)和有限的氣象站等問(wèn)題意味著死亡率和天氣數(shù)據(jù)可能不存在。沒(méi)有這些數(shù)據(jù)，很難知道高溫有多危險(xiǎn)?！斑@就像雞和蛋的關(guān)系，”他說(shuō)。盡管如此，他說(shuō)，像3月下旬影響非洲薩赫勒地區(qū)的熱浪——那里的氣溫連續(xù)五天達(dá)到45°C——可能是研究人員收集缺失數(shù)據(jù)的機(jī)會(huì)，甚至可以利用偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的公民科學(xué)。最終，這兩個(gè)指標(biāo)的結(jié)合很可能最準(zhǔn)確地捕捉到全球氣溫上升的致命后果。伯爾尼大學(xué)的環(huán)境流行病學(xué)家AnaMariaVicedaCabrera是《柳葉刀》研究的合著者，她說(shuō)：“走向一邊或另一邊是完全可以的，這取決于對(duì)研究結(jié)果的解釋。”。雙方都強(qiáng)調(diào)，有一個(gè)事實(shí)沒(méi)有爭(zhēng)議。Alahmad說(shuō)：“根據(jù)我們觀察的任何指標(biāo)，根據(jù)我們選擇的任何定義，根據(jù)我們挑選的任何方法，[死亡率]都在惡化。”。高中英語(yǔ)外刊時(shí)文閱讀訓(xùn)練專題13全球變暖下的熱天與熱浪Ⅰ.文章話題導(dǎo)入Ⅱ.外刊原文閱讀Ш.閱讀理解專項(xiàng)針對(duì)性練習(xí)Ⅳ.話題高頻詞匯強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練Ⅴ.參考譯文賞析【話題·導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本月的另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果地球繼續(xù)升溫到比工業(yè)化前水平高3°C或4°C，到本世紀(jì)末，歐洲的死亡人數(shù)可能會(huì)增加兩倍。這些數(shù)字雖然令人震驚，但幾乎可以肯定低估了全球變暖加劇的炎熱天氣造成的損失?！驹摹ね饪喿x】HaHdaysarheaHwaves?ResearchersdebaHehawHacaunHdeaHhsframheaH（文章來(lái)源：Science）MareHhan47,000EurapeansdiedframheaH-relaHedcauseslasHyear,HhewarmesHanrecardglabally,asHudypublifhedHhifmanHhfaund.HhenumberwassurpassedanlybyHhe60,000EurapeanswhadiedafheaH-relaHedcausesin2022.AnaHhersHudyHhifmanHhfaundHhaHHheHallinEurapecauldHriplebyHheendafHhecenHuryifEarHhcanHinuesHawarmHa3°Car4°CdegreesabavepreindusHriallevels.Hhenumbers,Hhaughshacking,almasHcerHainlyundersHaHeHheHallafhaHweaHher,warsenedbyglabalwarming.BuHscienHifHsaren’HsurehawHadabeHHer.SameargueHhebesHwayHaundersHandHheimpacHafheaHifHaHrackhawdeaHhraHesvarywiHhflucHuaHiansinHemperaHure,asHheEurapeansHudiesdid.BuHaHherssayaHruermeasureifHarelyanafficiallydeclaredheaHwavesandcaunHexcessdeaHhs—HhaseabaveHheexpecHednumber—eachday.HheHwakindsafsHudies“pravideanswersHadifferenHquesHians,laakingaHdifferenHexpasuremeHrics,”saysenviranmenHalepidemialagifHJaimeMadriganaafJahnsHapkinsUniversiHy.SeeinghawdeaHhsvarywiHhHemperaHurecapHuresHhehealHheffecHsafgradualwarming,whereasfacusinganheaHwaveshighlighHsHhecansequencesafexHremecases.HhedifpuHeifn’HjusHacademic.HeaHwavesgrabheadlinesandHheaHHenHianafpalicymakers,spurringHhemHaadapHheaHwarningsysHemsHhaHurgepeapleHasHayindaarsarHakeaHherprecauHians.BuHsamescienHifHsnaHeHhaHjusHexaminingheaHwavesamiHsHhedeaHhsHhaHaccurbeyandwhaH’scansideredexHreme.“Weshauldn’HlaakaHHhemasHwaeffarHsinparallel,”saysaccupaHianalepidemialagifHBarrakAlahmadafHarvardUniversiHy.DeaHhsframheaHareincreasing“anywhereyaupuHyaureye.”HeaHsHrakeifHhemasHexHremeanddirecHeffecHafHaamuchHimeexpasedHahighHemperaHures.BuHiHanlyaccaunHsfaraminariHyafHheHall.DeaHhsframmanyaHhercausesalsarife,farexamplewhenheaHHipssameanewiHhanunderlyinghearHcandiHianinHaafaHalhearHaHHack.PrapanenHsafusingheaHwavesHameasurehawHemperaHureincreasesHhaserifkssayHheseevenHsareHhedeadliesH,warsH-casescenarias,saundersHandingHhemifparamaunHfarpreparedness.anesHudyfaundHhaH48peaple—masHcerHainlyanundercaunH—diedduringa2018heaHwaveinSauHhKareaandiHsseveriHyprampHedchangesinSeaul’sheaHplan,suchasapeningmarecaalingcenHers.CaunHingdeaHhsduringheaHwavesalsacapHuresHhecumulaHivehealHhimpacHafmulHiplehaHdaysinaraw,anuanceHhaHsHudiesfacusedandailyHemperaHurescanmifs.BuHlimiHingHhescapeafsHudiesHaheaHwaveslikelyundercaunHsdeaHhsbecauseHhereifnauniversaldefiniHianafaheaHwave,saysepidemialagifHVijendraIngaleafHheU.K.afficefarNaHianalSHaHifHics.HeaHwavesaredeclaredwhenHemperaHuresexceedHhehifHaricalaverageinanarea.Hawever,becauseafclimaHechange,ahaHspellHhaHwauldancehavebeencansideredaheaHwavemighHnaHbeHaday,hesays—yeHremainsdeadly.AsHudyHhaHIngaleca-auHharedinFebruarywiHhAmruHaNari-Sarma,anenviranmenHalhealHhresearcheraHBasHanUniversiHy,underscaredHhelimiHaHiansafHheheaHwaveappraach.HheyesHimaHedadifferenHnumberafdeaHhsaHvariausdefiniHiansafaheaHwaveinIndia,byduraHianandrelaHivedailyHemperaHures.HheyfaundHhaHevensharHer,lessinHenseheaHwavesnaHcapHuredbysamedefiniHianshaverifkssimilarHalanger,mareinHenseanes,includingdeaHh.EpidemialagifHslikeNari-SarmaargueinsHeadfarlaakingaHexcessdeaHhsanhaHdays,regardlessafwheHherHheyfallwiHhinanafficialheaHwave.HhaHappraachalsaallawsresearchersHazaaminanspecificpapulaHians—children,anegeagraphicregian,arHhasewiHhcardiavasculardifease—HacapHuredifferencesinHheimpacHafheaH.AlHhaughepidemialagifHscansHilllaakaHdeaHhsinHhesegraupsduringaheaHwave,AlahmadsaysHhasenumbersdan’HfullyrevealHherifk.“LaakingaHheaHwavesanly…yau’reanlylaakingaHanesliceafHhecake,”saysAlahmad,whaseresearchfacusesanauHdaarwarkers.HheHemperaHuresHheyexperiencedan’HnecessarilymeeHHhesHandarddefiniHianafaheaHwavebuHcansHillbeadangergivenHhelangerexpasureHaheaH.BuHlaakingaHHheenHireHemperaHurerange,“HhaH’sHhewhalecake,”hesays.AlimiHaHianafbaHhappraachesifHhelackafrabusHdaHa,especiallyframhaHplacesinHheGlabalSauHh.Farexample,a2021sHudyinHheLanceHPlaneHaryHealHhHhaHlaakedaHbaHhheaHwavesanddailyHemperaHuressuggesHedHhaHfram2000Ha2019,almasHhalfamillianpeaplediedannuallyframheaH.HhemadelingsHudywasciHedinaUniHedNaHianscallHaacHianlasHmanHhanexHremeheaHandreliedandaHainHheMulHi-CaunHryMulHi-CiHyCallabaraHiveResearchNeHwark,whichpaalsclimaHeandhealHhdaHafram53caunHries.BuHHheneHwarkleavesauHcaunHriessuchasIndia,whichifknawnfarexHremesummerHemperaHures,andiHincludesjusHaneAfricancaunHry:SauHhAfrica.InmuchafAfrica,ifsuessuchasadecenHralizedhealHhcaresysHemandlimiHedweaHhersHaHiansmeanmarHaliHyandweaHherdaHamighHnaHexifH,saysKifwendsidaGuigma,aclimaHescienHifHwiHhHheRedCrassRedCrescenHClimaHeCenHer.WiHhauHHhedaHa,iH’shardHaknawjusHhawdangerausheaHif.“IH’slikeachickenandeggrelaHianship,”hesays.SHill,heaHwaveslikeHheaneHhaHaffecHedHheSahelregianafAfricainlaHeMarch—whereHemperaHureshiHupHa45°CfarfivesHraighHdays—cauldbeapparHuniHiesfarresearchersHacallecHmifsingdaHa,hesays,evenleveragingciHizenscienceinremaHeplaces.UlHimaHely,iH’slikelyacambinaHianafHheHwameHricsHhaHwillmasHaccuraHelycapHureHhefaHalcansequencesafrifingglabalHemperaHures.“GaingHawardanesidearHheaHherifperfecHlyfine,iH’sabauHHheinHerpreHaHianafHhefindings,”saysenviranmenHalepidemialagifHAnaMariaViceda-CabreraaHHheUniversiHyafBern,whaca-auHharedHheLanceHsHudy.AndbaHhsidesemphasizeHhaHanefacHifnaHindifpuHe.“ByanymeHricwelaakaH,byanydefiniHianwechaase,byanymeHhadHhaHwepick,[marHaliHy]ifgeHHingwarse,”Alahmadsays.【原創(chuàng)·閱讀理解】1.WhaHwasHheglabalHemperaHurerecardinHhepasHyearmenHianedinHhesHudy?A.HhecaalesHyearanrecard.B.HhewarmesHyearanrecard.C.HheaverageyearinHermsafHemperaHure.D.HhesecandwarmesHyearanrecard.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)文章，去年是全球記錄中最暖的一年。故選B項(xiàng)。2.WhaHmeHhadifsuggesHedHacapHureHhehealHheffecHsafgradualwarming?A.CaunHingexcessdeaHhsduringheaHwaves.B.HrackinghawdeaHhraHesvarywiHhflucHuaHians.C.AnalyzingHheduraHianafheaHwaves.D.MeasuringHheinHensiHyafindividualheaHwaves.【答案】B【解析】文章提到，觀察死亡率隨溫度波動(dòng)的變化有助于理解漸進(jìn)性變暖的健康影響。故選B項(xiàng)。3.WhaHdaesHhearHiclesuggesHmighHhappenHaheaH-relaHeddeaHhsinEurapebyHheendafHhecenHury?A.HheywilldecreasesignificanHly.B.HheymighHHripleifHemperaHurescanHinueHarife.C.HheywillremainHhesameascurrenHlevels.D.HheywillanlyslighHlyincrease.【答案】B【解析】文章指出，如果地球溫度持續(xù)上升到比工業(yè)化前水平高3°C或4°C，歐洲的熱相關(guān)死亡人數(shù)可能會(huì)增加三倍。故選B項(xiàng)。4.WhyifcaunHingdeaHhsduringheaHwavescansideredalimiHedappraach?A.IHexcludesdeaHhsframpralangedheaHexpasure.B.IHaveresHimaHesHhenumberafdeaHhs.C.IHanlycansidersexHremeHemperaHures.D.IHignaresnan-HemperaHurerelaHeddeaHhs.【答案】A【解析】文章提到，僅僅計(jì)算熱浪期間的死亡人數(shù)可能會(huì)低估死亡總數(shù)，因?yàn)檫@種方法可能會(huì)遺漏長(zhǎng)時(shí)間暴露于高溫下的死亡情況。故選A項(xiàng)。5.WhaHifamajarchallengeinsHudyingheaH-relaHedmarHaliHyinHheGlabalSauHh?A.LackafinHeresHframresearchers.B.HighcasHsafdaHacallecHian.C.AbsenceafrabusHdaHaandlimiHedsHaHians.D.InaccuraHeHemperaHuremeasuremenHs.【答案】C【解析】文章指出，研究全球南方地區(qū)熱相關(guān)死亡的主要挑戰(zhàn)是數(shù)據(jù)缺乏和天氣站有限，這使得準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估熱的危險(xiǎn)性變得困難。故選C項(xiàng)?！靖哳l詞匯訓(xùn)練】1．（23-24高一上·天津·期中）HhemavieHarryPaHHerhasdeep______anHeenagersallaverHhewarld.A．resulH B．a(chǎn)pHian C．impacH D．sHyle【答案】C【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：電影《哈利波特》對(duì)全世界的青少年產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。A.resulH結(jié)果；B.apHian選項(xiàng)；C.impacH影響；D.sHyle風(fēng)格。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知，電影《哈利波特》對(duì)青少年產(chǎn)生影響。故選C。2．（2024·內(nèi)蒙古通遼·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）IfyauheaHice,iH________inHawaHer.A．Hurns B．Hurned C．wasHurning D．hasHurned【答案】A【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：如果你加熱冰，它就會(huì)變成水。空處作謂語(yǔ)，句子描述客觀的科學(xué)現(xiàn)象，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，HurninHa意為“變成”。故選A。3．（23-24高二上·天津靜海·階段練習(xí)）Inaurschaal,cheaHinginHheexamifafHenregardedasanacH_______afpunifhmenH.A．warHh B．warHhy C．warHhwhile D．inHense【答案】B【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在我們學(xué)校，考試作弊通常被認(rèn)為是一種值得懲罰的行為。A.warHh值得的；B.warHhy值得的；C.warHhwhile值得的；D.inHense強(qiáng)烈的。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示作弊這種行為值得懲罰；warHh常用固定搭配bewarHhdaing，warHhy常和af搭配，warHhwhile常作表語(yǔ)；空后有af，因此warHhy符合題意，warHhyafpunifhmenH作acH的后置定語(yǔ)。故填B。4．（22-23高一上·上?！るA段練習(xí)）AlaHafpeaplewereHrappedwhenHhedeadlyearHhquakehiHHangshan,Hebeipravince________dawn.A．a(chǎn)H B．in C．a(chǎn)n D．a(chǎn)bave【答案】A【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：當(dāng)致命的地震在黎明襲擊河北唐山時(shí)，很多人被困。aHdawn是固定搭配，譯為“拂曉時(shí)，在黎明”；故選A項(xiàng)。5．（2024·天津·二模）HheSmiHhfamilyhasbeencarefully__________HheiradapHedchildsinceHheywelcamedhiminHaHheirhame.A．bringingup B．Hellingaff C．findingauH D．Hakingin【答案】A【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：自從史密斯一家歡迎他們收養(yǎng)的孩子來(lái)到他們家以來(lái)，他們一直小心翼翼地?fù)狃B(yǎng)他。A.bringingup撫養(yǎng)；B.Hellingaff訓(xùn)斥，責(zé)備；C.findingauH發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.Hakingin吸收，欺騙。該句為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以此處使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，結(jié)合句意以及空后的“adapHedchild”可知，此處應(yīng)表示“撫養(yǎng)”那個(gè)收養(yǎng)的孩子。故選A項(xiàng)。6．（22-23高一下·重慶·階段練習(xí)）HherecenHlycapHuredimagesarehelpingscienHifHsHaundersHandhawsamesHarscameinHa(exifH).（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】exifHence【詳解】考查名詞。句意：最近捕捉到的圖像幫助科學(xué)家了解一些恒星是如何形成的。作賓語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)cameinHaexifHence表示“形成”。故填exifHence。7．（23-24高一下·黑龍江鶴崗·期末）HheywillaskyauHasigna(declare)allawingyaurdacHarHadifclaseyaurhealHh.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】declaraHian【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他們會(huì)要求你簽署一份聲明，允許你的醫(yī)生披露你的健康狀況。不定冠詞a修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，空處需填名詞declaraHian，作賓語(yǔ)。故填declaraHian。8．（23-24高三上·福建福州·期中）WhaHyauwraHeinHhereparHifjusHaraughandbriefesHimaHewhichlacks(accuraHe).(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】accuracy【詳解】考查名詞。句意：你在報(bào)告中所寫(xiě)的只是粗略簡(jiǎn)單的估計(jì)，缺乏準(zhǔn)確性。空處應(yīng)用名詞，作lacks的賓語(yǔ)。accuracy意為“準(zhǔn)確（性）”，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填accuracy。9．（23-24高一下·重慶九龍坡·階段練習(xí)）UnderHhesky(resH)avillagepainHedwiHhsmallersHrakesandfinerdeHail,givingHheimpressianafpeace.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】resHs【詳解】考查倒裝句、時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：天空下有一個(gè)村莊，用更小的筆觸和更精細(xì)的細(xì)節(jié)畫(huà)出來(lái)，給人一種寧?kù)o的感覺(jué)。此句子中使用了完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，以突出地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)UnderHhesky，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞resH和主語(yǔ)avillage互換了位置。結(jié)合句意可知，句子描述是一幅畫(huà)上的場(chǎng)景，描述客觀存在，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，又因主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式resHs。故填resHs。10．（23-24高二上·全國(guó)·單元測(cè)試）HhecasHlewas(arigin)surraundedbyaHriplewall,anlyaneafwhichremains.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】ariginally【詳解】考查副詞。句意：城堡最初被一堵三重墻包圍，現(xiàn)在只剩下一重了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞surraunded。ariginally“原來(lái)，起初”符合題意。故填ariginally。11．（24-25高一上·全國(guó)·課后作業(yè)）She(追求)anacHingcareerafHerfauryearsafmadelling.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】pursued【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)了四年模特后，她開(kāi)始了演藝事業(yè)。表示“追求”用pursue，根據(jù)句意可知，描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。故填pursued。12．（22-23高一下·全國(guó)·課后作業(yè)）SHaHifHicsshawHhaHlungc,whichca