山東省頂級(jí)名校2025屆高三上學(xué)期第二次診斷考試英語(yǔ)試題含答案

絕密★啟用并使用完畢前2025屆高三第二次診斷考試英語(yǔ)試題2024.11（本試卷共12頁(yè)，共四部分；全卷滿(mǎn)分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試卷和答題紙上。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。3.非選擇題的作答：用0.5mm黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)，寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1.WhatdoweknowaboutTom?A.Heplaysdrumsinaband.B.Helovesplayingtheguitar.C.He’sjustfinishedapianolesson.2.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atacafé.B.Atauniversity.C.Atananimalshelter.3.Howcantheman’srecipebedescribed?A.It’sareward.B.It’sasuccess.C.It’saproblem.4.Whatdothespeakershaveincommon?A.Theyarebothbigreaders.B.Theyarebothinthelibrary.C.Theybothhavejustfinishedabook.5.Whatisthewoman’sdutyintheevent?A.Tomakefood.B.Toplayintheband.C.Togivedirections.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whywasitdifficulttorescuethecat?A.Itwasinthetopofatree.B.Itwastooscaredtomove.C.Itwashurtbythebranches.7.Whatdidthemandotorescuethecat?A.Heclimbedthetree.B.Heborrowedaladder.C.Hegotaneighbortohelphim.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Conductinganinterview.B.Reportingfinancialnews.C.Organizingacommunityevent.9.WhatisCharlesMartin’sfamilymainlyworriedabout?A.Thathishealthconditionwillbecomeworse.B.Thathisdutiesathomeandschoolwillbeaffected.C.Thathiseffortsinthecommunitywon’tberecognized.10.HowdoesCharlesMartinplantoremovehisfamily’sconcerns?A.Bytalkingtohisteacher.B.Byquittingthecommunityproject.C.Byinvolvinghisfamilyincommunitywork.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatarethespeakers?A.Footballfans.B.Aplayerandacoach.C.TVsportsreporters.12.Whatcausesthecurrentsituationofthegameaccordingtotheman?A.Certainplayers.B.Poorpassing.C.Baddefense.13.Whatdoesthewomanthinkwillhappenattheendofthegame?A.Thevisitingteamwillwin.B.Thegamewillendinadraw.C.Thehometeamwillwinbytwogoals.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Theworkinglife.B.Collegeexperience.C.Hobbies.15.Howlonghasthemanbeenatuniversity?A.Aboutfourmonths.B.Aboutsixmonths.C.Abouteightmonths.16.Whatisthebiggestissuefortheman?A.Thestressofexams.B.Theshortageofmoney.C.Theloadsofassignments.17.Whendoesthemanfindtimetorelax?A.Onweekends.B.Rightafterexams.C.Duringthenightsafterwork.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Howdidthespeakerbecomeaphotographerindemand?A.Bytakingsmalljobs.B.Bystartingabusiness.C.Byteachinginworkshops.19.Whatchallengedidthespeakerface?A.Constantlychanginghobbies.B.Decreasedinterestinphotography.C.Thestressofproducingperfectwork.20.Whatisincludedinthespeaker’sfutureplansforhiscareer?A.Expandingthebusiness.B.Takingphotographytripsabroad.C.Findingoutmoreformsofphotography.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ALibrarieshavebeensomeoftheworld’sgreatestinstitutionsofknowledgeforthousandsofyears.Here,let’sknowsomeoftheworld’sfamouslibraries.MorganLibrary&MuseumThislibrarywasformedin1906toholdthecollectionofthebankerJ.P.Morgan.Itemsofspecialprominence(突出)inMorgan’scollectionincludeoriginalmanuscripts,worksbySirWalterScott,anddrawingsbymasterfulartistslikePicassoandMichelangelo.Thelibrarywasmadeapublicinstitutionin1924byJ.P.Morgan’ssonJohnPierpontMorganJr.BodleianLibraryEstablishedin1602,Bodleian,themainresearchlibraryoftheUniversityofOxford,isoneoftheoldestlibrariesinEurope,housingmanyindividualprintedbooks,liketherarefirsteditionofDonQuixote,andthefirstmodernnovel(1604).ShanghaiLibraryShanghaiLibraryisChina’slargestpubliclibrarywithacollectionofmorethan50millionitems.Itmerged(合并)withtheInstituteofScientificandTechnicalInformationofShanghaiin1995,becomingthefirstlibraryinChinatoofferextensiveresearchfunctions.NationalLibraryofChinaThislibrarywasinitiallyfoundedastheImperialPekingLibraryin1909andrenamedtheNationalLibraryofChina(NLC)in1999.Withover41millionitemsbyDecember2020,itisnotonlythecountry’smaincollectionforthenation’spublications,butalsoisChina’snationalmuseumofancientbooks.It’sreportedthatthislibraryhasabout280,000volumesofrarebooks,whichincludeover1,600rareworksfromtheSongandYuanDynasties.1.WhatmadeMorganLibrary&Museumapublicinstitution?A.Therequestofthepublic.B.J.P.Morgan’sdecisionin1906.C.Thecollectionofvaluableitems.D.JohnPierpontMorganJr.’sefforts.2.Whichlibrarybestsuitspeopleinterestedinscientificmaterial?A.BodleianLibrary. B.ShanghaiLibrary.C.NationalLibraryofChina. D.MorganLibrary&Museum.3.WhatdoweknowaboutNationalLibraryofChina?A.Ithousesnumerousrarebooksfromancienttimes.B.Ithasfewerthan41millionliteraryworksby2020.C.Itismainlyforcollectinginternationalpublications.D.ItwasfoundedastheNationalLibraryofChinain1909.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了世界上一些著名的圖書(shū)館。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MorganLibrary&Museum部分中“Thelibrarywasmadeapublicinstitutionin1924byJ.P.Morgan’ssonJohnPierpontMorganJr.(圖書(shū)館于1924年由J.P.Morgan的兒子JohnPierpontMorganJr.成為公共機(jī)構(gòu)。)”可知，由于JohnPierpontMorganJr.的努力，摩根圖書(shū)館與博物館成為一個(gè)公共機(jī)構(gòu)，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)ShanghaiLibrary部分中“Itmerged(合并)withtheInstituteofScientificandTechnicalInformationofShanghaiin1995,becomingthefirstlibraryinChinatoofferextensiveresearchfunctions.(1995年，它與上海科學(xué)技術(shù)信息研究所合并，成為中國(guó)第一家提供廣泛研究功能的圖書(shū)館。)”可知，上海圖書(shū)館與上海科學(xué)技術(shù)信息研究所合并，提供廣泛的研究功能，故適合對(duì)科學(xué)材料感興趣的人，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NationalLibraryofChina部分中“It’sreportedthatthislibraryhasabout280,000volumesofrarebooks,whichincludeover1,600rareworksfromtheSongandYuanDynasties.(據(jù)報(bào)道，這個(gè)圖書(shū)館有大約28萬(wàn)冊(cè)珍本圖書(shū)，其中包括1600多件宋元時(shí)期的珍本作品。)”可知，中國(guó)國(guó)家圖書(shū)館藏有許多古代的珍本書(shū)籍。故選A。BWhatcoulddrivingaracecarandpointingacameraattheMilkyWayhaveincommon?Morethanyoumightimagine.RacecardriverBubbaWallaceandphotographerBatakTefreshijourneyedtogethertoremoteGooseberryMesaforanadventureaimingtocapturethenightsky.GooseberryMesa,farfrompopulationcenters,isprotectedfromthenight-timeartificiallight,makingitperfectforstarphotographers.Naturenightenvironmentssuchasthisarerare.Camping,hiking,andshootingstarsinmountainousMesahighlightthesimilaritybetweenphotographyandracing.Bubbanotes,“Onceyoufireuptheenginethere’snoturningback—IknowI’llbeinthatseatformorethanthreehours.”Batakagrees,“IhavethesamefeelingassoonasItouchthewheelofmycamera—I’mreadytocontinuethroughtheentirenight.”ForBubba,developingpatienceallowedhimtomatureasadriverandisequallyessentialtohisphotography.Seizingthemomentiscrucialtoo.“Everyminutethingsarechanging—theEarth’sshadow,themoonlight,theriseofstars,”Batakexplains.“Ifyoulosethemoment,it’sgoneforever.”BubbafindsthephysicalandmentaldemandsofracingascrucialwhentravellinginUtah’sruggedlandscapesunderfreezingtemperatures.Thinkincomingclouds,wind,ormistwillruinyourchanceataperfectshot?AccordingtoBatak,“Withwide-anglenightscapeseveryunexpectedweatherconditioncanbeanopportunity.Ourphotosshoworangesandbluesaroundthemoonyouwouldn’tseeunderaclearsky.”Theteamdiscoveredsharedintereststhatgobeyondphotography.“We’rebothpassionateaboutbringingculturestogetherandusingourworktobreakdownboundaries,”saysBatak.“Thenightskyhasaunifyingpower.Theskyconnectsthewholeworldunderoneumbrella.”4.WhyisGooseberryMesaanidealdestinationforstarphotographers?A.It’sapopulartouristspot.B.It’slocatednearalargecity.C.It’sfreefromlightpollution.D.It’seasilyaccessibletoaracecar.5.Inwhatwayisphotographysimilartoracingaccordingtothetext?A.Theyrequirepatienceandtiming.B.Theydependonadvancedequipment.C.Theyinvolvetravellingtoremoteplaces.D.Theysimplyneedtomeetphysicalchallenges.6WhatdoesBatakTefreshithinkofunexpectedweatherconditions?A.Theymakethenightskyinviting.B.Theyareobstaclestobeovercome.C.Theyarechancesforbetterpictures.D.Theystophimfromtouchingthewheel.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PassionforDiscoveringCulturesB.JourneytoShootingtheNightSkyC.AdvocacyofEnvironmentalProtectionD.CharmoftheNightSkyinGooseberryMesa【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了賽車(chē)手Bubba和攝影師Batak一起前往Mesa拍攝夜空的故事。Mesa遠(yuǎn)離光污染，這樣清澈的夜空十分稀有，對(duì)于夜空拍攝來(lái)說(shuō)十分完美。兩位主人公的經(jīng)歷也集中體現(xiàn)了賽車(chē)和攝影的相似之處?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“GooseberryMesa,farfrompopulationcenters,isprotectedfromthenight-timeartificiallight,makingitperfectforstarphotographers.(GooseberryMesa遠(yuǎn)離人口中心，免受夜間人造光的干擾，非常適合星空攝影師。)”可知，GooseberryMesa因其地處偏遠(yuǎn)，沒(méi)有受到光污染，所以適合拍攝星空。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Bubbanotes,“Onceyoufireuptheenginethere’snoturningback—IknowI’llbeinthatseatformorethanthreehours.”Batakagrees,“IhavethesamefeelingassoonasItouchthewheelofmycamera—I’mreadytocontinuethroughtheentirenight.”ForBubba,developingpatienceallowedhimtomatureasadriverandisequallyessentialtohisphotography.(Bubba指出：“一旦你啟動(dòng)引擎，就沒(méi)有回頭路了——我知道我會(huì)在那個(gè)座位上坐三個(gè)多小時(shí)。”Batak也同意，“我一碰到相機(jī)的輪子就有同樣的感覺(jué)——我已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好繼續(xù)一整夜了。”對(duì)Bubba來(lái)說(shuō)，培養(yǎng)耐心讓他成為一名成熟的司機(jī)，這對(duì)他的攝影同樣重要)”以及第四段“Seizingthemomentiscrucialtoo.“Everyminutethingsarechanging—theEarth’sshadow,themoonlight,theriseofstars,”Batakexplains.“Ifyoulosethemoment,it’sgoneforever.”BubbafindsthephysicalandmentaldemandsofracingascrucialwhentravellinginUtah’sruggedlandscapesunderfreezingtemperatures.(抓住時(shí)機(jī)也很關(guān)鍵。Batak解釋說(shuō)：“每一分鐘都在發(fā)生變化——地球的影子、月光、星星的升起?！薄叭绻沐e(cuò)過(guò)了那個(gè)瞬間，它就永遠(yuǎn)消失了?！盉ubba發(fā)現(xiàn)，在寒冷的氣溫下于猶他州崎嶇的地形上旅行時(shí)，賽車(chē)的身心要求至關(guān)重要)”可知，對(duì)于攝影和賽車(chē)這兩件事來(lái)說(shuō)，在保持耐心和抓住時(shí)機(jī)這兩點(diǎn)上是相似的。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Thinkincomingclouds,wind,ormistwillruinyourchanceataperfectshot?AccordingtoBatak,“Withwide-anglenightscapeseveryunexpectedweatherconditioncanbeanopportunity.Ourphotosshoworangesandbluesaroundthemoonyouwouldn’tseeunderaclearsky.”(想想即將到來(lái)的云朵、風(fēng)或霧氣會(huì)破壞你拍攝完美照片的機(jī)會(huì)嗎？Batak說(shuō)：“有了廣角夜景，每一種意想不到的天氣狀況都可能成為一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。我們的照片顯示在月亮周?chē)谐壬退{(lán)色光芒，這在晴朗的天空下是看不到的。”)”可知，在Batak看來(lái)，意外的天氣狀況反而可能帶來(lái)拍出更好照片的良機(jī)。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題?？傆[全文，尤其是第一段“WhatcoulddrivingaracecarandpointingacameraattheMilkyWayhaveincommon?Morethanyoumightimagine.RacecardriverBubbaWallaceandphotographerBatakTefreshijourneyedtogethertoremoteGooseberryMesaforanadventureaimingtocapturethenightsky.(駕駛賽車(chē)和用相機(jī)對(duì)準(zhǔn)銀河系有什么共同點(diǎn)？可能比你想象的要多。賽車(chē)手BubbaWallace和攝影師BatakTefreshi一起前往偏遠(yuǎn)的GooseberryMesa進(jìn)行一次旨在捕捉夜空的冒險(xiǎn))”可知，文章從攝影和賽車(chē)有何共同點(diǎn)這一問(wèn)題引入，引出賽車(chē)手BubbaWallace和攝影師BatakTefreshi一同去往遠(yuǎn)方拍攝夜空的旅程，后續(xù)文章則圍繞著兩人在旅程中的感受展開(kāi)，B選項(xiàng)“拍攝夜空之旅”符合文章主要內(nèi)容，適合作為標(biāo)題。故選B。CMomalwayssaid,“Chooseyourfriendswisely.”NowastudyledbyaRutgersHealthprofessorshowsshewasontosomething:Theirpersonalitytraitscanaffectyou—especiallyonesthatareintheirgenes.Thegeneticmake-upofadolescentpeersmayhavelong-termconsequencesforindividualriskofdrugandalcoholusedisorders,depressionandanxiety,thegroundbreakingstudyhasfound.“Whatourdataillustratesisthelongreachofsocialgeneticeffects,”saidJessicaE.Salvatore,anassociateprofessorofpsychiatryattheRutgersRobertWoodJohnsonMedicalSchoolandleadauthorofthestudypublishedintheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry.Socio-genomics—theinfluenceofoneperson’sgenotypeontheobservabletraitsofanother—isanemergingfieldofgenomics.Previousresearchsuggestedthatpeers’geneticmake-upmightinfluencehealthoutcomesoftheirfriends.Totestthis,SalvatoreandhercolleaguesusedSwedishnationaldatatoassesspeersocialgeneticeffectsforseveralmentaldisorders.Withananonymized(匿名的)databaseofmorethan1.5millionindividualsborninSwedenbetween1980and1998toSwedish-bornparents,thefirststepwastomapindividualsbylocationandbyschoolduringtheirteenageyears.Theresearchersthenusedmedical,pharmacyandlegalregistriesdocumentingsubstanceuseandmentalhealthdisordersforthesameindividualsinadulthood.Havingcontrolledfactorssuchasthetargetindividuals’owngenetictendenciesandfamilysocio-economicfactors,theresearchersstillfoundaclearassociationbetweenpeers’genetictendenciesandtargetindividuals’likelihoodofdevelopingasubstanceuseormentaldisorder.Theimpactswerestrongeramongschool-basedpeersthangeographicallydefinedpeers.Salvatoresaidmoreresearchisneededtounderstandwhytheseconnectionsexist.Butwhatisclear,shesaid,isthatthefindingscountforinterventions.“Ifwewanttothinkabouthowtobestaddressthesesociallycostlydisorders,weneedtothinkmoreaboutnetwork-basedandsocialinterventions,”shesaid.Thisresearchalsounderlinestheimportanceofdisruptingprocessesandrisksthatextendforatleastadecadeafterattendanceinschool,Salvatoreadded.“Peergeneticinfluenceshaveaverylongreach,”shesaid.8.WhatdoesthedataofSalvatore’sresearchshow?A.Youshouldlistentoyourparent’sadvice.B.Peersaretoblameforyourmentaldiseases.C.Peers’make-upisthemostinfluentialfactor.D.Peers’personalitywillaffectyouinthelongrun.9.WhydidSalvatoreandhercolleaguesconducttheresearch?A.Theywereconcernedwithhealthoutcomesofadolescents.B.Theyaccessedananonymizeddatabaseofpeers’influence.C.Theyworriedaboutseverecasesofpeers’mentaldisorders.D.Theyintendedtocheckformerresearchonsocio-genomics.10.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph5?A.Targetindividualswereeasilyaffectedintheschool.B.Familysocio-economicfactorsmadeforthefindings.CGeneticmake-uphadnothingtodowithmentaldisorder.D.Targetindividualswereunlikelytosuffersubstanceuses.11.WhatisSalvatore’ssuggestiononinterventions?A.Lettinggoofsocialgeneticeffectsafter10years.B.Diggingintowhyschool-basedconnectionsexist.C.Persistingintheremovalofthenegativeinfluence.D.Highlightingtherisksthatwouldextendforalongtime.【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是一項(xiàng)由RutgersHealth的教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)青少年同伴的基因構(gòu)成可能對(duì)個(gè)體面臨藥物和酒精使用障礙、抑郁和焦慮等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)期影響?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thegeneticmake-upofadolescentpeersmayhavelong-termconsequencesforindividualriskofdrugandalcoholusedisorders,depressionandanxiety,thegroundbreakingstudyhasfound.(這項(xiàng)開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，青少年同齡人的基因構(gòu)成可能會(huì)對(duì)個(gè)人吸毒和酗酒、抑郁和焦慮的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)期影響。)”和“Whatourdataillustratesisthelongreachofsocialgeneticeffects(我們的數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明了社會(huì)遺傳效應(yīng)的長(zhǎng)期影響)”可知，Salvatore的研究數(shù)據(jù)顯示了從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，同伴的性格會(huì)影響你。故選D。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Previousresearchsuggestedthatpeers’geneticmake-upmightinfluencehealthoutcomesoftheirfriends.Totestthis,SalvatoreandhercolleaguesusedSwedishnationaldatatoassesspeersocialgeneticeffectsforseveralmentaldisorders.(之前的研究表明，同齡人的基因組成可能會(huì)影響他們朋友的健康狀況。為了驗(yàn)證這一點(diǎn)，Salvatore和她的同事使用瑞典國(guó)家數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)評(píng)估同伴社會(huì)遺傳對(duì)幾種精神障礙的影響。)”可知，Salvatore和她的同事進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究是因?yàn)樗麄兇蛩銠z查之前關(guān)于社會(huì)基因組學(xué)的研究。故選D。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Theimpactswerestrongeramongschool-basedpeersthangeographicallydefinedpeers.(以學(xué)校為基礎(chǔ)的同伴比以地理為基礎(chǔ)的同伴的影響更大。)”可知，目標(biāo)個(gè)體在學(xué)校里很容易受到影響。故選A。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisresearchalsounderlinestheimportanceofdisruptingprocessesandrisksthatextendforatleastadecadeafterattendanceinschool,Salvatoreadded.(Salvatore補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)研究還強(qiáng)調(diào)了中斷過(guò)程和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的重要性，這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在上學(xué)后至少會(huì)延續(xù)十年。)”可知，Salvatore對(duì)干預(yù)的建議是堅(jiān)持消除負(fù)面影響。故選C。DTheworldisalreadyfacingnaturaldisastersofepicproportionsastemperaturesrise.Theonlyknownmethodabletoquicklyarrestthistemperatureriseisclimateengineering,whichisasetofproposedactionstodeliberatelyaltertheclimate.Theseactionsincludeimitatingthecoolingeffectsoflargevolcaniceruptionsbyputtinglargeamountsofreflectiveparticles(微粒)intheatmosphere,ormakinglowcloudsovertheoceanbrighter.Bothstrategieswouldreflectasmallamountofsunlightbacktospacetocooltheplanet.Therearemanyunansweredquestions,however,abouttheeffectsofintentionallyalteringtheclimate.Oneofthelargestconcernsformanycountriesisnationalsecurity.Thatdoesn’tjustmeanwars;riskstofood,energyandwatersuppliesarenationalsecurityissues.Besides,aclimateengineeringprojectinonecountryislikelytoaffecttemperatureandrainfallinneighboringcountries.Thatcouldbegoodorbadforcrops,watersuppliesandfloodrisk.Onceclimateengineeringisemployed,countriesmaybemorelikelytoblameclimateengineeringforextremeeventssuchashurricanes,floodsanddroughts,regardlessoftheevidence.Whilesmallexperimentshavebeencarriedout,nobodyhasconductedlarge-scaleclimateengineeringyet.Thatmeansthatalotofinformationaboutitseffectsreliesonclimatemodels.Fornow,therearemorequestionsaboutclimateengineeringthananswers.It’shardtosaywhetherclimateengineeringwouldcreatemoreconflict,orifitcoulddefuseinternationaltensionsbyreducingclimatechange.Butinternationaldecisionsonclimateengineeringarelikelycomingsoon.AttheUnitedNationsEnvironmentAssemblyinMarch2024,Africancountriescalledforapostponementofclimateengineering,urgingallprecaution.Othernations,includingtheUnitedStates,pressedforaformalscientificgrouptostudytherisksandbenefitsbeforemakinganydecisions.Climateengineeringcouldbepartofareasonablesolutiontoclimatechange.Butitalsocarriesrisks.Putsimply,climateengineeringisatechnologythatcan’tbeignored,butmoreresearchisneededsopolicymakerscanmakeinformeddecisions.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“arrest”inparagraph1mean?A.Force. B.Cease. C.Adopt. D.Match.13.Whatdoweknowaboutclimateengineering?A.Itaimsatreducingcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.B.Itreflectsasmallamountofsunlightbacktotheearth.C.Itincludesactionsthatcopythenaturalcoolingeffects.D.Itmainlyusesreflectiveparticlestocreatebrighterclouds.14.Whathasledtoconcernsaboutclimateengineering?A.Climatemodels. B.Weatherconditions.C.Unidentifiedeffects. D.Geographicallocations.15.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Progresshasbeenmadeininternationalcooperation.B.Precautionisabettersolutionthanclimateengineering.C.Differentregionswillembraceclimateengineeringaltogether.D.Follow-upstudiesarerequiredtocarryoutclimateengineering.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了氣候工程可以阻止氣溫上升，介紹了其工作原理以及影響?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Theworldisalreadyfacingnaturaldisastersofepicproportionsastemperaturesrise.(隨著氣溫上升，世界已經(jīng)面臨著大規(guī)模自然災(zāi)害)”以及劃線(xiàn)詞后文“climateengineering,whichisasetofproposedactionstodeliberatelyaltertheclimate(氣候工程是一套有意改變氣候的擬議行動(dòng))”可知，氣候工程可以阻止氣溫上升。故劃線(xiàn)詞意思是“停止”。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theseactionsincludeimitatingthecoolingeffectsoflargevolcaniceruptionsbyputtinglargeamountsofreflectiveparticles(微粒)intheatmosphere,ormakinglowcloudsovertheoceanbrighter.(這些措施包括通過(guò)在大氣中釋放大量反射粒子來(lái)模仿大型火山爆發(fā)的冷卻效果，或者使海洋上空的低云更亮)”可知，氣候工程包括復(fù)制自然冷卻效果的行動(dòng)。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Therearemanyunansweredquestions,however,abouttheeffectsofintentionallyalteringtheclimate.(然而，關(guān)于有意改變氣候的影響，還有許多懸而未決的問(wèn)題。許多國(guó)家最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題之一是國(guó)家安全。)”可知，未確定的影響引起了人們對(duì)氣候工程的關(guān)注。故選C。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butitalsocarriesrisks.Putsimply,climateengineeringisatechnologythatcan’tbeignored,butmoreresearchisneededsopolicymakerscanmakeinformeddecisions.(但這也有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。簡(jiǎn)而言之，氣候工程是一項(xiàng)不容忽視的技術(shù)，但需要更多的研究，這樣決策者才能做出明智的決定)”可知，作者在最后兩段暗示開(kāi)展氣候工程需要后續(xù)研究。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Walkthroughanyparkorglanceinacaféwindow,andyou’llseemanypeoplestaringatscreens.Somemightbestudying,whileothersseemhardatwork.____16____Theywilleithercheckupdatesaboutcelebritiesoreditphotos,postthemtogainfollowersandcountviewsandcomments.It’snosecretthatcelebritiesedittheirimagesbeforeposting.Somegotoextremelengths,makingtheireyesbigger,theirnosesmallerandtheirteethwhiter.It’ssoeasyforyoutogetcaughtupinawhirlwind(旋風(fēng))ofcomparisonasyoustareataseeminglyperfectfigure.____17____Nomatterhowmanyviewsorlikesyouhave,ifyougettrappedinacompetitivemindset,itcanturnintoabottomlesspitbecausetherewillalwaysbesomeonewhohasreceivedmorepositiveresponses.____18____Evenifitseemstherestoftheworldisn’tshowingtheirtrueselves,youcanbedifferent.Makeyoursocialmediachannelsareflectionofwhoyouareandwhatyoubelievein.Shareyourreal,kindvoicewiththerestoftheworld,justasyoudoathomeandwithfriends.Whilemaintainingyoursocialcontactonlinegivetimeandattentiontopeopledoinginspiringthings,spreadingupliftingmessagesandsharingbeautifulideas.____19____Ifsocialmediamakesyoufullofself-doubt,pauseandstepaway.Youcouldtrydoingsomethingcreative,maybewritinginadiary,drawinginasketchbookorpaintingapicturethatwillgiveyourmindadifferentfocus.____20____Theywillremindyouthereisawonderfuloff-screenworldindifference.A.Trytobeauthentic.B.Fityourselfintosocialmedia.C.Youcouldalsothinkoffuntimesspentwithnetfriends.D.Evenbetter,tryspendingtimewithyourfamilyorfriends.E.However,mostofthemwillbefoundgoingthroughsocialmedia.F.Ifsomeone’spostsmakeyoufeelbadaboutyourself,clickunfolloworhide.G.Oneminuteyoufeelgreataboutyourself,thenextyouquestionyourappearance.【答案】16.E17.G18.A19.F20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了如何減少社交媒體帶來(lái)的消極影響。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Walkthroughanyparkorglanceinacaféwindow,andyou’llseemanypeoplestaringatscreens.Somemightbestudying,whileothersseemhardatwork.(走在任何一個(gè)公園里，或者看一眼咖啡館的窗戶(hù)，你都會(huì)看到很多人盯著屏幕。有些人可能在學(xué)習(xí)，而另一些人似乎在努力工作)”以及后文“Theywilleithercheckupdatesaboutcelebritiesoreditphotos,postthemtogainfollowersandcountviewsandcomments.(他們可以查看名人的最新動(dòng)態(tài)，或者編輯照片，發(fā)布以吸引粉絲，并統(tǒng)計(jì)觀(guān)看量和評(píng)論)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出很多人都是在看社交媒體的情況。故E選項(xiàng)“然而，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)在瀏覽社交媒體”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“It’snosecretthatcelebritiesedittheirimagesbeforeposting.Somegotoextremelengths,makingtheireyesbigger,theirnosesmallerandtheirteethwhiter.It’ssoeasyforyoutogetcaughtupinawhirlwind(旋風(fēng))ofcomparisonasyoustareataseeminglyperfectfigure.(眾所周知，名人在發(fā)布照片前都會(huì)編輯照片。有些人甚至竭盡全力，把眼睛變大，鼻子變小，牙齒變白。當(dāng)你盯著一個(gè)看似完美的身材時(shí)，你很容易陷入比較的漩渦中)”以及后文“Nomatterhowmanyviewsorlikesyouhave,ifyougettrappedinacompetitivemindset,itcanturnintoabottomlesspitbecausetherewillalwaysbesomeonewhohasreceivedmorepositiveresponses.(不管你有多少評(píng)論或點(diǎn)贊，如果你陷入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的心態(tài)，它就會(huì)變成一個(gè)無(wú)底洞，因?yàn)榭倳?huì)有人得到更積極的回應(yīng))”可知，本句主要說(shuō)明網(wǎng)絡(luò)照片對(duì)人的消極影響，故G選項(xiàng)“前一分鐘你自我感覺(jué)良好，下一分鐘你就開(kāi)始質(zhì)疑自己的外表”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Evenifitseemstherestoftheworldisn’tshowingtheirtrueselves,youcanbedifferent.Makeyoursocialmediachannelsareflectionofwhoyouareandwhatyoubelievein.Shareyourreal,kindvoicewiththerestoftheworld,justasyoudoathomeandwithfriends.(即使世界上的其他人似乎都沒(méi)有展現(xiàn)出他們真實(shí)的自我，你也可以與眾不同。讓你的社交媒體渠道反映出你是誰(shuí)，你相信什么。與世界分享你真實(shí)、善良的聲音，就像你在家里和朋友一樣)”可知，本段的主旨是做真實(shí)的自我，A選項(xiàng)中beauthentic對(duì)應(yīng)后文Shareyourreal。故A選項(xiàng)“試著真實(shí)一點(diǎn)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whilemaintainingyoursocialcontactonline,givetimeandattentiontopeopledoinginspiringthings,spreadingupliftingmessagesandsharingbeautifulideas.(在保持你的在線(xiàn)社交聯(lián)系的同時(shí)，花時(shí)間和精力關(guān)注那些做鼓舞人心的事情、傳播振奮人心的信息和分享美好想法的人)”可知，上文強(qiáng)調(diào)花時(shí)間和精力關(guān)注美好，本句為本段最后一句，故說(shuō)明應(yīng)該抵制那些讓你感覺(jué)不好，消極的信息。故F選項(xiàng)“如果某人的帖子讓你對(duì)自己感覺(jué)不好，點(diǎn)擊取消關(guān)注或隱藏”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifsocialmediamakesyoufullofself-doubt,pauseandstepaway.Youcouldtrydoingsomethingcreative,maybewritinginadiary,drawinginasketchbookorpaintingapicturethatwillgiveyourmindadifferentfocus.(如果社交媒體讓你充滿(mǎn)了自我懷疑，那就停下來(lái)離開(kāi)吧。你可以嘗試做一些有創(chuàng)意的事情，比如寫(xiě)日記，在速寫(xiě)本上畫(huà)畫(huà)，或者畫(huà)一幅畫(huà)，這些都會(huì)給你的大腦帶來(lái)不同的焦點(diǎn))”以及后文“Theywillremindyouthereisawonderfuloff-screenworldindifference.(他們會(huì)提醒你，在屏幕之外還有一個(gè)不同的精彩世界)”可知，本句主要說(shuō)明后文They指代的內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)中familyorfriends對(duì)應(yīng)后文They。故D選項(xiàng)“更好的是，試著花時(shí)間和家人或朋友在一起”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MyhusbandandIhadalovelydinneratalocalrestaurantandthentookastrollthroughthenearshoppingcenter.Wewentintoashopthatsoldhandcrafted____21____,hopingtofindsomelast-minuteChristmasgifts.Asweentered,thedelightfulscentofhandmadesoapsandpotpourri(百花香)____22____us.Everyshelfandwallwas____23____withdifferenthandiwork.Whileexploring,Inoticedawoodenplaque(牌匾)onawall.ImmediatelyIwas____24____bythemessageonit:“Lifeisn’taboutwaitingforthestormtopass.It’saboutlearningtodanceintherain.”Thismessagehelddeep____25____forme.Itmademethinkbacktoahotandmuggysummerday.Darkcloudshad____26____alongthefoothillsoftheRockies,bringingrain.Iwalkedouttogetmymail.Ididn’tknowwhat____27____me,butIsuddenlyfeltforcedtodosomethingalittle____28____formyfifty-plusyears.Islippedoffmyshoesandstockingsandbeganwalking____29____throughthewater.MyneighborsmighthavethoughtI’dlostmy_____30_____,butIdidn’tcare.Inthatmoment,Iwas_____31_____fromtheworriesofbills,thefuture,anddailycares.Iwasexperiencingagift—apureandsimplemomentof_____32_____!Now,theplaquehangsinmylivingroom.I_____33_____itmultipletimesadayandoftenpausetoaskmyselfifI’mdancingintherain.IthinkIam.IknowItryto.I’mdefinitely_____34_____totakingtimetopauseandrecognizeandbegratefulforthe_____35_____aroundme—thejoysthatweretoooftengoingunnoticedinmyrushtofuturehappiness.Onestepatatime,Iamlearningtodanceintherain!21.A.items B.forms C.ingredients D.contents22.A.choked B.followed C.greeted D.stuck23.A.equipped B.loaded C.covered D.marked24.A.surprised B.guarded C.occupied D.struck25.A.belief B.meaning C.affection D.concern26.A.quitted B.rolled C.paced D.dropped27.A.cameover B.wentafter C.arrangedfor D.cateredto28.A.comfortable B.horrible C.crazy D.reasonable29.A.aimlessly B.hard C.barefoot D.slowly30.A.balance B.mind C.nerve D.temper31.A.absent B.remote C.separate D.free32.A.joy B.silence C.glory D.reflection33.A.pass