時態(tài)和語態(tài) 課件初升高銜接英語課程

時態(tài)和語態(tài)TenseandVoice時間狀態(tài)時態(tài)將來時過去時現(xiàn)在時完成體進行體一般體1.一般現(xiàn)在時意義：構成：e.g.Weplant300treeseveryyear.時間狀語：every+n.，often，always，sometimes等。被動：is/am/are+done300treesareplantedbyuseveryyear.do/does表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常性動作或客觀事實、未來的時間表、安排等。在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時1.一般情況直接+slike—likes喜歡2.以s,x,sh,ch結尾的動詞加+eswash—washes洗3.以輔音字母+y結尾的動詞把y變i,再加esstudy—studies學習特殊記have,do,gohave—has有，吃，喝，玩do—does做go—goes去動詞變單三的規(guī)則look—kiss—stay—play—mix—express—do—ignore—carry—catch—

looksstaysmixesdoescarrieskissesplaysexpressesignorescatchesHaveatry1.QuanHongchansaysshe____________(practice)divingeveryday.2.QuanHongchan____________(perform)perfectlyinthecompetitionandwonthefirstprize.performedpractices2.一般過去時意義：構成：e.g.We

planted300treeslastyear.時間狀語：yesterday,lastmonth,attheageof5,justnow等。被動：was/were+done300treeswereplantedbyuslastyear.did表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作（包括過去習慣性的動作）或存在的狀態(tài)。情況構詞方法例詞一般情況加-edwant→wanted以輔音字母+y結尾變y為i加-edstudy→studied以字母-e結尾加-dlive→lived以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母末尾字母雙寫再加-edstop→stoppedbeg—beggeddrop—droppedplan—planned動詞過去式的規(guī)則變化

動詞過去式不規(guī)則變化（見書最后幾頁)：AAA型：cost-cost-cost,cut-cut-cutAAB型：beat-beat-beatenABA型：become-became-becomeABB型：get-got-gotABC型：begin-began-begunsing-sang-sungknow-knew-knowngrow-grew-grownThegamewhichI_________(watch)yesterdaywassoattractive.IlikewatchingPingponggamebest,which______(be)soattractive.iswatched3.現(xiàn)在進行時意義：構成：e.g.WearelearningEnglishnow.時間狀語：now,atthemoment,atpresent,rightnow,look,listen等。被動：bebeingdoneEnglishisbeinglearntbyusnow.am/is/aredoing表示說話時正在進行的動作或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。V-ing的變化規(guī)則：1.直接加ingdo-doing2.以不發(fā)音的e結尾，去e加inglive-living3.輔元輔結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)sit-sittingdrop-dropping4.以ie結尾die-dying

lie-lyingtie-tying4.過去進行時意義：構成：e.g.Iwaswalkingmydogat8o’clocklastnight.時間狀語：atthistimeyesterday,at8lastnight等。被動：was/werebeingdoneMydogwasbeingwalkedbymeat8o’clocklastnight.was/weredoing表示過去某個時間正在進行的動作。1．I

(read)somenewspaperatsevenyesterdayevening.2．Nowhe

(write)abookaboutNewYork.Idon'tthinkhewillfinishit.3．ZhangHuadoesalotofhouseworkeveryevening，butnowhe

(help)hisschoolmateswiththeirlessons.wasreadingiswritingishelping5.一般將來時意義：構成：e.g.Wewilltakemanyexamsinthenext3years.時間狀語：after3days,inthefuture,nextMonday等。被動：will/shallbedonebegoingtobedoneManyexamswillbetakenbyusinthenext3years.表示在現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；也表示某種打算、計劃，或準備要做某事。

shall/willdo(shall常用于第一人稱)am/is/aregoingtodo、betodo(計劃、義務、可能等)另外：還可以用其他時態(tài)表將來(1)一般現(xiàn)在時表將來:A.表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情:come，go，arrive，leave，return（表示位置移動的詞），start，begin.(如列車時刻表等)。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.B.在if，assoonas，until，when，before，after等引導的時間和條件狀語從句中WhenBillcomes，askhimtowaitforme.(2)現(xiàn)在進行時表將來:意為“意圖”“打算”“安排”，常用于人。常用詞為come，go，start，arrive，leave，stay等。I'mleavingtomorrow.

6.過去將來時意義：構成：

e.g.Hesaidthathewouldplant1000treesin2028.時間狀語：thefollowingmonth,thenextFriday,thenextyear等。被動：would/shouldbedonewas/weregoingtobedone1000treeswouldbeplantedbyhimin2028.表示從過去某時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。would/shoulddo、was/weregoingtodo7.現(xiàn)在完成時意義:構成：e.g.Wehavelearnt300wordsinthelast10days.時間狀語：already,ever,never,just,yet,sofar,recently,lately,uptonow,untilnow,since,for,over/in/duringthelast/pastyears等。被動：have/hasbeendone300wordshavebeenlearntbyusinthelast10days.have/hasdone（1）動作發(fā)生于過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以和表示持續(xù)性的時間狀語連用；（2）動作發(fā)生于過去，已經(jīng)完成，但這個動作對現(xiàn)在有影響，一般沒有明顯的時間狀語，主要通過上下文來理解。8.過去完成時意義：某一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去構成：e.g.Hesaidthathehadplanted300trees.時間狀語：3daysearlier/before,bytheendof+過去時間等。被動：hadbeendone300treeshadbeenplantedbyhim.haddone情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構成：情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形e.g.Icanseearedflagovertheblackboard.被動：情態(tài)動詞+bedoneAredflagcanbeseenbymeovertheblackboard.Practice(1)Thesunalways

(rise)intheeast.(2)Heoften

(wash)hisclothesonSundays.(3)He

(leave)forShanghaiyesterday.(4)It

(rain)hardwhenIleftmyhouse.(5)Nowhe

(write)abookaboutNewYork.(6)Myuncle

(work)inthatfactorysince1958.(7)We_______________(learn)2,000wordsbytheendoflastyear.

risesleftwasheswasrainingiswritinghasworkedhadlearnt5現(xiàn)以動詞study為例，將12種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)的構成列表如下：一般式進行式完成式完成進行式現(xiàn)在過去將來

---------過去將來---------------------------時式5現(xiàn)以動詞study為例，將12種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)的構成列表如下：一般式進行式完成式完成進行式現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時studystudies現(xiàn)在進行時amstudyingarestudyingisstudying現(xiàn)在完成時havestudiedhas

studied現(xiàn)在完成進行時havebeenstudyinghasbeenstudying過去一般過去時studied過去進行時wa