仁愛版中考英語四輪總復習課時01.名詞、冠詞(學生版+解析)

第一課時名詞、冠詞1.名詞名詞是歷年中考的重要考點，常常出現(xiàn)在完形填空、語法填空題型中。名詞部分主要考查：①名詞的數(shù)(可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單數(shù)與復數(shù))②名詞和冠詞的搭配③抽象名詞的具體化④名詞的詞性變化⑤名詞的詞義辨析考點1名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)(1)規(guī)則變化情況方法例詞一般情況加－sstudents，teachers，doctors，tables以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾加－esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches，但stomach復數(shù)形式直接加s，即stomachs以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾變y為i再加－esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母＋y結(jié)尾加－sboys，toys以f或fe結(jié)尾多變f或fe為v，再加－esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少數(shù)加－sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o結(jié)尾通常加－sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加－esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes【名師指津】①以－o結(jié)尾的下列名詞要加－es：“黑人英雄愛吃土豆、西紅柿”，即Negroes，heroes,potatoes，tomatoes。②以－f或－fe結(jié)尾的名詞需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves：“為了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和樹葉站在架子上，把狼劈成兩半”，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。(2)不規(guī)則變化自身變化的名詞child孩子→children，man男人→men，tooth牙→teeth,foot腳；英尺→feet，mouse老鼠→mice，phenomenon現(xiàn)象→phenomena，medium傳播媒介→media單復數(shù)同形名詞Chinese中國人；sheep綿羊；deer鹿；series系列；means方式；works工廠；fish魚；fruit水果等。其中fish，fruit表示種類時，可加復數(shù)詞尾，即fishes，fruits合成名詞son－in－law→sons－in－law，passer－by→passers－by,story－teller→story－tellersEverypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnonehasworked.每一種可能的方式都已經(jīng)被嘗試了，但是沒有起作用的?？键c2名詞所有格1.－’s所有格：①and連接的并列名詞表示各自的所有關系時，要分別在并列名詞后加－’s或’；表示共同的所有關系時，只在最后一個名詞后加－’s或’。②表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家時，名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。Tom’sandJim’srooms湯姆和吉姆(各自)的房間TomandJim’sroom湯姆和吉姆(共同)的房間atthebarber’s在理發(fā)店2．of所有格：無生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關系；名詞短語或有定語修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格。thecontentofthenovel小說的內(nèi)容thenameofthegirloverthere那邊那位女孩的名字3．雙重所有格：“名詞＋of＋名詞所有格”或“名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞”。aplayofShakespeare’s莎士比亞的一個戲劇aphotoofmine我的一張照片隨堂練習考點1名詞的辨析1.(2021福建,23)—Couldyoutellmetheofthesweater?

—Yes.It’s￥125.A.colorB.priceC.shape2.(2020福建,23)—Ilikebest.

—SodoI.Itakesingingclasseseveryweekend.A.musicB.physicsC.math3.(2019福建,24)—Whatshouldwedoforthecampingtrip?—We’dbettermakeaofthingslikefood,drinks,medicineandsoon.

A.listB.cardC.report4.(2018福建,31)—Idon’tknowhowtousetheAppFunDubbing.—AskJimmyforhelp.Hehaslotsofindoingit.

A.experienceB.troubleC.courage5.(2017福建,29)—NowadaysmoreandmoreforeignersarebecominginterestedinBeijingOpera.—That’strue.It’sanimportantpartofChinese.

A.cultureB.inventionC.custom6.(2021福州一模,21)Becarefulofthe.Youmaycutyourself.

A.knifeB.fireC.traffic7.(2021南平一模,24)—Kate,whataboutgoingtothe?

—Soundsfantastic!Listeningtomusiccanmakemerelaxed.A.cinemaB.concertC.museum8.(2021龍巖一模,24)—Whatclubwouldyouliketojoin?—Theclub.MyfavoritepoetisDuFu.

A.poemB.chessC.science9.(2021莆田一模,23)—Thefoodsafetyisstillaseriousintheworld.

—Luckily,ourgovernmentistakingmeasurestosolveit.A.problemB.programC.project10.(2021三明一模,86)Tomakebeautifuldiaries,manywouldbuylotsofmaterialslikestickers(貼紙)fordecoration,butSunhadadifferent/a??d??/.

11.(2021泉州一模,87)Acraneisalarge/b??d/withlonglegsandalongneck.

12.(2019福建,81)Beforepaperwasinvented,peoplewroteordrewonmaterialssuchasbamboo,/s?lk/,animalhide,andwoodenblocks.

13.(2018福建,87)Lonniegottheideaforthis/t??/whileworkingonanotherinvention.

14.(2017福建,86)Theyholdmanykindsofactivitiesinhonorofoldpeople,wishingthemgood/helth/andalonglife.

考點2名詞的數(shù)和格1.(2021福建,83)It’spracticedbyover100millionpeopleinmorethan150(country).

2.(2020福建,89)Forcenturies,muchlandhasbeendevoted(奉獻)torice-plantingandmanyChinesepeopleare(farmer),whoworkveryhardforeachgrain.

3.(2019福建,85)CaiLunbeganexperimenting(試驗)withmanydifferentmaterialsanddifferent(method)toturnthosematerialsintopaper.

4.(2018福建,82)Othertimeshemadenewthingsfromdifferent(part).

5.(2017福建,85)Theyholdmany(kind)ofactivitiesinhonorofoldpeople,wishingthemgoodhealthandalonglife.

6.(2021廈門一模,86)MostancientChinesepaintingsareabout(flower),birds,humansandnature,butHan’spaintingofFiveOxenisanexception(例外).

7.(2021龍巖一模,85)Inthe70-sq-kmWuyiMountain,touristscanenjoymanyspecialanduniquenaturalfeatures,likefantasticmountains,windingrivers,deepcaves,strange(stone)andsoon.

8.(2021南平一模,89)Sincetheworkstarted,Fujianhassent183(official)andaround2,000expertsinscienceandtechnology,education,andmedicalcaretoNingxia.

9.(2021漳州一模,87)LatishaHodgeoftenbringstwoofherkidstoreadtothehorses.Their(name)areAbelandSevyn.

10.(2021三明一模,83)Beforebuying,Wangdecidedtoresearchallofthepossible(choice).

考點3名詞構詞法1.(2021寧德一模,86)AncientChinesepoetsand(write)oftendescribedtheoxinliterature.

2.(2021泉州一模,86)Itisagoodphrasetousewhenanyfriendisgoingtomakeabig(decide).

3.(2020泉州石獅二模,88改編)ZhongNanshanledhisteamtoWuhantofightthe(ill).

4.(2020廈門海滄二模,86)Asa(music),mostofmyinspirationcomesfromotherpeople’smusic.

綜合練1.(2021江蘇揚州,47)Thewallpaperwithcartoonpatternsisidealformyroom.(son)

2.(2021云南,67)AsaTV,it’smydutytotellthetruthtothepublic.(report)

3.(2021廣東,73改編)LaoPan’snewbookincludeshisforty-seven(letter)tohisfamilybackinAmerica.ThelettersshowChina’sdevelopmentindifferentperiods.

4.(2021河北,77)I’mintheschoolbasketballteam.Weusuallyplay(match)onSaturdaymornings.

5.(2021河南,59改編)Thelocalpeopleusedtoliveahardbecauseoftheshortageofwater.

6.(2021湖南長沙,61改編)Theretworich(brother),OliverandRoderick,gavehimaletterandtoldhimnottoopenituntiltwoo’clockoftheday.

7.(2021新疆,86改編)Heworkseverydaylateintothe,sometimesevenforgettingtoeatdinner,andgetsupearlyaswell.

8.(2020湖北孝感,81)Asaseniorhighschoolstudent,heisgoingtoreadasmany(book)aspossibletoopenhismind.

9.(2020浙江湖州,67)“Peoplesometimesmake(mistake),buttheimportantthingisthattheyownupto(承認)whatthey’vedone,”shesaid.

10.(2020山東臨沂,56)Growingupishardforeveryone.Laurahastofacelotsofstressasa(teenage).

11.(2020江蘇連云港,52改編)Haveyoureadthereport?Those(hero)storiesreallytouchedmedeeply.

12.(2020南平質(zhì)檢,84)Accordingtofolk(story),thedishbecamewell-knownwhenSuwenttoHangzhou,Zhejiangtotakeoffice.

13.(2020寧德質(zhì)檢,83)Lateron,ancientGreeksusedtheirknowledgeof/m?/andsciencetomakemaps.

14.(2020莆田質(zhì)檢,82)Thoughit’smadeupoftwo(word),climateemergencyistreatedasasingleword,inthesamewayasheartattack.

冠詞冠詞是中考考必考熱點，以考查冠詞在具體語境中的正確使用為主，把冠詞結(jié)合名詞一起考查。①冠詞的泛指、特指②在形容詞和副詞比較級前的用法③固定搭配考點1冠詞的分類和基本用法冠詞分為不定冠詞(a/an)、定冠詞(the)和零冠詞(不用冠詞)。冠詞的泛指和特指泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，也可以指說話雙方心目中所默認的特定的人或事物。注意:①判斷一個詞前用a還是an,是根據(jù)其讀音,而不是根據(jù)其字母。我們可以這樣記憶:不見元音不加an,不看字母看發(fā)音。②在26個字母中,前面用an的字母有:a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x,其他用a。③要注意區(qū)別以“u”開頭的單詞:當“u”發(fā)/?/音時前用an,如:anumbrella,anunusualstory,anunhappyboy;當“u”發(fā)/ju?/音時前用a,如:auniversity,ausefulbook。一．用冠詞a或an填空①hour

②Europeancountry

③“b”

④“s”

⑤orange

⑥unusualstory

⑦island

⑧newbike

⑨e-mail

⑩importantinvention

11.usefulbook

12.NBAplayer

13.eight-year-oldgirl

14.honestperson

考點2冠詞的常見搭配1.下列情況用零冠詞不可數(shù)名詞和復數(shù)名詞表泛指時Animalscan’tlivewithoutwater.Horsesarehelpfulanimals.某些專有名詞(如人名、地名、國家名等)、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞表示泛指時Chinaisagreatcountry.MarylivesinNewYork.Paperismadefromwood.名詞前已有指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格等修飾時EverystudentlikesEnglishinourclass.在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前ThisisProfessorLi.在三餐、球類運動及學科名詞之前Iwenttoschoolwithoutbreakfastthismorning.Heoftenplaysfootballafterschool.由“專有名詞+普通名詞”構成的表示街名、路名、山名等的詞前NanjingRoadHainanIsland與by連用的交通工具名稱前bycar,bytrain在節(jié)假日名稱前NewYear’sDay,Women’sDay2.在某些固定詞組和習慣用語中用零冠詞。如:dayafterday一天天地;facetoface面對面地;sidebyside肩并肩地;handinhand手拉手;frombeginningtoend自始至終;dayandnight日日夜夜;soonerorlater遲早;husbandandwife夫妻;athome在家;bymistake錯誤地;atfirst起初;atlast最后;atonce立刻;atnoon在中午;atwork在工作;ontime準時;insurprise驚奇地;atnight在晚上;onfoot步行;onbusiness因公出差;onholiday在度假;inclass在課上;gohome回家;forexample例如;goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去買東西/游泳/劃船/釣魚二．知識拓展有定冠詞和無定冠詞的區(qū)別(1)gotoschool去上學(是學生)(2)attable在吃飯(3)atschool在上學(4)inclass在上課(5)infrontof在(……外部的)前面(6)bysea乘船(7)inprison在坐牢(8)byday在白天考點1不定冠詞的用法1.(2021福建,21)—YuanLongpingwasgreatscientist.

—Sohewas.Hemadegreatcontributionstohumanbeings.A.aB.anC.the2.(2017福建,21)Jackissuchfriendlyboy.Hegetsalongwellwithhisclassmates.

A.aB.anC.the3.(2021廈門質(zhì)檢,21)Kindleisapptoreade-booksonthephone.

A.aB.anC.the4.(2020漳州質(zhì)檢,21)—Mygrandpaoftentakesawalkaftersupper.—Ithinkitisgoodhabit.

A.theB.aC.an5.(2020泉州泉港質(zhì)檢,21)ChinaplaysimportantroleinglobalIP(知識產(chǎn)權)protection.

A.aB.anC.the6.(2018福建,83)Hedreamedofbeinginventor.

7.(2020福建,84)Thefrogtoldhertoholdoutherfishingnettothesun’sraysandhewouldsingmagicsong.

8.(2021寧德質(zhì)檢,88)Theoxisconsideredassymbolofearnestness(認真)inChineseculture.

9.(2021三明質(zhì)檢,82)Duringhervacation,shedecidedtobuyCasiowatch.

10.(2021泉州質(zhì)檢,90)Youmayusethemtodescribetalentedartist,anexcellentjobcandidate,andsoon.

考點2定冠詞的用法1.(2020南平質(zhì)檢,21)—HowwasdinneratMike’shouse?

—Itwasgreat.Mike’smummadeitwonderfully.A.aB.anC.the2.(2020三明質(zhì)檢,21)—CanIhavealookatiPhoneyouboughtyesterday?

—Sure!Hereyouare.A.aB.anC.the3.(2021福建,82)Butit’sbecomingoneofmostpopularsportsaroundtheworld.

4.(2019福建,90)ButwholeworldshouldrememberthecleverChinesepapermakerforever.

5.(2017福建,89)Peopleinancienttimesbelievedthatplantcoulddriveawayevil(邪惡的)spiritsandpreventthemfromcatchinganillnessinwinter.

6.(2021福州質(zhì)檢,90)Theyhopethatstorywillencourageothersto“dotheirbitwiththeenvironmentevenifit’sonesmallchange”.

7.(2021莆田質(zhì)檢,88)Besurewetreateveryonewithdignity(尊嚴),forthey’reworthytobetreatedwayyouwanttobetreated.

8.(2021南平質(zhì)檢,84)IttellsthestoryofpeoplewhomovedfrommountainsinNingxiatotheplains(平原)tobuildnewhomesin1990s.

綜合練1.(2021江蘇揚州,1改編)Asteacher,it’simportanttobegoodrolemodelfortheirstudents.

A.the;aB.a;theC.a;a2.(2021云南,21改編)Paperisusefulinvention.Itwasinventedaround2,000yearsagobyCaiLun.

A.aB.anC.the3.(2021甘肅武威,Ⅰ,1改編)Jimstartedtoplayviolinwhenhewasfive.

A.aB.theC./4.(2021江蘇連云港,1改編)—Shallweplaybasketballthisafternoon?

—Goodidea!Doyouhavebasketball?

A.a;aB./;/C./;a5.(2021黑龍江齊齊哈爾,1)—Jenny,whatdidyoubuyforyourfatheronFather’sDay?—Iboughtunusualgiftforhim.Andhewasquitehappywhenhereceivedit.

A.aB.anC.the6.(2021四川成都,35)Everyoneneedstoknowimportanceofrubbishsorting(分類).

A.anB./C.the7.(2021天津,21改編)Thisisstoryoffriendship.Let’sreadstorytogether.

A.a;anB.an;theC.a;the8.(2021新疆,26改編)—Whoismaninfrontofthepostoffice?

—Theonewithumbrella?HeisourEnglishteacher.

A.the;aB.the;anC.a;an9.(2021重慶,21改編)Takingthetrainisgoodwaytoseetheworld.

A.aB.anC./10.(2021湖南懷化,21)—DidyouseemovieHi,Momyesterday?

—Yes,Idid.It’sgreat.A.aB.anC.the第一課時名詞、冠詞1.名詞名詞是歷年中考的重要考點，常常出現(xiàn)在完形填空、語法填空題型中。名詞部分主要考查：①名詞的數(shù)(可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單數(shù)與復數(shù))②名詞和冠詞的搭配③抽象名詞的具體化④名詞的詞性變化⑤名詞的詞義辨析考點1名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)(1)規(guī)則變化情況方法例詞一般情況加－sstudents，teachers，doctors，tables以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾加－esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches，但stomach復數(shù)形式直接加s，即stomachs以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾變y為i再加－esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母＋y結(jié)尾加－sboys，toys以f或fe結(jié)尾多變f或fe為v，再加－esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少數(shù)加－sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o結(jié)尾通常加－sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加－esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes【名師指津】①以－o結(jié)尾的下列名詞要加－es：“黑人英雄愛吃土豆、西紅柿”，即Negroes，heroes,potatoes，tomatoes。②以－f或－fe結(jié)尾的名詞需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves：“為了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和樹葉站在架子上，把狼劈成兩半”，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。(2)不規(guī)則變化自身變化的名詞child孩子→children，man男人→men，tooth牙→teeth,foot腳；英尺→feet，mouse老鼠→mice，phenomenon現(xiàn)象→phenomena，medium傳播媒介→media單復數(shù)同形名詞Chinese中國人；sheep綿羊；deer鹿；series系列；means方式；works工廠；fish魚；fruit水果等。其中fish，fruit表示種類時，可加復數(shù)詞尾，即fishes，fruits合成名詞son－in－law→sons－in－law，passer－by→passers－by,story－teller→story－tellersEverypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnonehasworked.每一種可能的方式都已經(jīng)被嘗試了，但是沒有起作用的?？键c2名詞所有格1.－’s所有格：①and連接的并列名詞表示各自的所有關系時，要分別在并列名詞后加－’s或’；表示共同的所有關系時，只在最后一個名詞后加－’s或’。②表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家時，名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。Tom’sandJim’srooms湯姆和吉姆(各自)的房間TomandJim’sroom湯姆和吉姆(共同)的房間atthebarber’s在理發(fā)店2．of所有格：無生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關系；名詞短語或有定語修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格。thecontentofthenovel小說的內(nèi)容thenameofthegirloverthere那邊那位女孩的名字3．雙重所有格：“名詞＋of＋名詞所有格”或“名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞”。aplayofShakespeare’s莎士比亞的一個戲劇aphotoofmine我的一張照片隨堂練習考點1名詞的辨析1.(2021福建,23)—Couldyoutellmetheofthesweater?

—Yes.It’s￥125.A.colorB.priceC.shape【答案】B本題考查名詞詞義辨析。color顏色;price價格;shape形狀。由答語“It’s￥125.”可知,對方問的是價格。故答案為B。2.(2020福建,23)—Ilikebest.

—SodoI.Itakesingingclasseseveryweekend.A.musicB.physicsC.math【答案】A句意:——我最喜歡音樂?！乙彩?。我每周末都上音樂課。本題考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)答語中的“SodoI.”可知,對話的兩個人的喜好一致。再根據(jù)答句中的“takesingingclasses”可知該喜好為音樂,故選A。3.(2019福建,24)—Whatshouldwedoforthecampingtrip?—We’dbettermakeaofthingslikefood,drinks,medicineandsoon.

A.listB.cardC.report【答案】A句意:——我們應該為野營旅行做什么?——我們最好列一張物品清單,如食物、飲料、藥品等。本題考查名詞詞義辨析。list清單;card卡片;report報道。根據(jù)答句中的“thingslikefood,drinks,medicineandsoon”可知,此處是把需要準備的物品列成清單。故選A。4.(2018福建,31)—Idon’tknowhowtousetheAppFunDubbing.—AskJimmyforhelp.Hehaslotsofindoingit.

A.experienceB.troubleC.courage【答案】A本題考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)答句中的“AskJimmyforhelp.”可知,Jimmy可以幫忙指導如何使用應用軟件。答句的第二句話是進一步解釋說明他可以幫忙的原因是他有很多經(jīng)驗。experience經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)驗;trouble困難,麻煩;courage勇氣。故選A。5.(2017福建,29)—NowadaysmoreandmoreforeignersarebecominginterestedinBeijingOpera.—That’strue.It’sanimportantpartofChinese.

A.cultureB.inventionC.custom【答案】A本題考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)答句中的“It’sanimportantpartof”可知,本句描述的是京劇所屬的類別。京劇是文化的一種表現(xiàn)形式。culture文化;invention發(fā)明;custom習慣;風俗。根據(jù)句意可知本題選A。6.(2021福州一模,21)Becarefulofthe.Youmaycutyourself.

A.knifeB.fireC.traffic【答案】A考查名詞詞義辨析。knife刀;fire火;traffic交通。由后一句中的cut可知,這里指“刀”,故選A。7.(2021南平一模,24)—Kate,whataboutgoingtothe?

—Soundsfantastic!Listeningtomusiccanmakemerelaxed.A.cinemaB.concertC.museum【答案】B考查名詞詞義辨析。cinema電影院;concert音樂會;museum博物館。根據(jù)Listeningtomusic可知選B。8.(2021龍巖一模,24)—Whatclubwouldyouliketojoin?—Theclub.MyfavoritepoetisDuFu.

A.poemB.chessC.science【答案】A考查名詞詞義辨析。poem詩歌;chess國際象棋;science科學。根據(jù)MyfavoritepoetisDuFu可知,此處表示“詩歌俱樂部”,故選A。9.(2021莆田一模,23)—Thefoodsafetyisstillaseriousintheworld.

—Luckily,ourgovernmentistakingmeasurestosolveit.A.problemB.programC.project【答案】A考查名詞詞義辨析。problem問題;program節(jié)目;project工程,項目。根據(jù)foodsafety和答句中的solve可知,此處表示“問題”,故選A。10.(2021三明一模,86)Tomakebeautifuldiaries,manywouldbuylotsofmaterialslikestickers(貼紙)fordecoration,butSunhadadifferent/a??d??/.

【答案】idea根據(jù)a可知本空填寫可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),再根據(jù)音標可知應填名詞idea。11.(2021泉州一模,87)Acraneisalarge/b??d/withlonglegsandalongneck.

【答案】bird根據(jù)alarge可知,本空填寫可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),再根據(jù)音標可知應填名詞bird。12.(2019福建,81)Beforepaperwasinvented,peoplewroteordrewonmaterialssuchasbamboo,/s?lk/,animalhide,andwoodenblocks.

【答案】silk根據(jù)前文單詞“materials”可知,本空填寫的應該是某種材料,再根據(jù)音標可知答案為silk。13.(2018福建,87)Lonniegottheideaforthis/t??/whileworkingonanotherinvention.

【答案】toy根據(jù)音標可知應填名詞toy。14.(2017福建,86)Theyholdmanykindsofactivitiesinhonorofoldpeople,wishingthemgood/helth/andalonglife.

【答案】health根據(jù)形容詞good和音標可知本空應填名詞health。wishsb.goodhealth祝某人身體健康。考點2名詞的數(shù)和格1.(2021福建,83)It’spracticedbyover100millionpeopleinmorethan150(country).

【答案】countries由設空處前的150可知,本空的名詞應該用復數(shù)形式。故填countries。2.(2020福建,89)Forcenturies,muchlandhasbeendevoted(奉獻)torice-plantingandmanyChinesepeopleare(farmer),whoworkveryhardforeachgrain.

【答案】farmers本題考查名詞的數(shù)。由設空處前的are及后面的work可知,此處應用復數(shù)形式,故填farmers。3.(2019福建,85)CaiLunbeganexperimenting(試驗)withmanydifferentmaterialsanddifferent(method)toturnthosematerialsintopaper.

【答案】methods本題考查名詞的數(shù)。method是可數(shù)名詞,由different可知,此處應用名詞的復數(shù)形式,故填methods。4.(2018福建,82)Othertimeshemadenewthingsfromdifferent(part).

【答案】parts本題考查名詞的數(shù)。part表示“零件;部件”時是可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)different可知,此處用復數(shù)形式parts。5.(2017福建,85)Theyholdmany(kind)ofactivitiesinhonorofoldpeople,wishingthemgoodhealthandalonglife.

【答案】kinds本題考查名詞的數(shù)。kind作名詞,表示“種類”,是可數(shù)名詞,由many可知,此處應用復數(shù)形式kinds。6.(2021廈門一模,86)MostancientChinesepaintingsareabout(flower),birds,humansandnature,butHan’spaintingofFiveOxenisanexception(例外).

【答案】flowers本題考查名詞的數(shù)。flower是可數(shù)名詞,且和birds,humans并列,應用復數(shù)形式,故填flowers。7.(2021龍巖一模,85)Inthe70-sq-kmWuyiMountain,touristscanenjoymanyspecialanduniquenaturalfeatures,likefantasticmountains,windingrivers,deepcaves,strange(stone)andsoon.

【答案】stones本題考查名詞的數(shù)。stone是可數(shù)名詞,且和mountains,rivers,caves并列,應用復數(shù)形式。故填stones。8.(2021南平一模,89)Sincetheworkstarted,Fujianhassent183(official)andaround2,000expertsinscienceandtechnology,education,andmedicalcaretoNingxia.

【答案】officials本題考查名詞的數(shù)。official在此處表示“官員”,是可數(shù)名詞,空前有基數(shù)詞183,此處應用復數(shù)形式,故填officials。9.(2021漳州一模,87)LatishaHodgeoftenbringstwoofherkidstoreadtothehorses.Their(name)areAbelandSevyn.

【答案】names本題考查名詞的數(shù)。name是可數(shù)名詞。由空后的are可知,此處應用復數(shù)形式,故填names。10.(2021三明一模,83)Beforebuying,Wangdecidedtoresearchallofthepossible(choice).

【答案】choices本題考查名詞的數(shù)。choice是可數(shù)名詞?？涨坝衋llof修飾,故此處應用復數(shù)形式。故填choices?？键c3名詞構詞法1.(2021寧德一模,86)AncientChinesepoetsand(write)oftendescribedtheoxinliterature.

【答案】writers本題考查名詞構詞法。此處與poets并列,應用所給詞的名詞形式writer表示“作家”,且表泛指,用復數(shù)形式,故填writers。2.(2021泉州一模,86)Itisagoodphrasetousewhenanyfriendisgoingtomakeabig(decide).

【答案】decision本題考查名詞構詞法。根據(jù)空前的a可知,此處應填名詞單數(shù)形式。makeadecision做決定,故填decision。3.(2020泉州石獅二模,88改編)ZhongNanshanledhisteamtoWuhantofightthe(ill).

【答案】illness本題考查名詞構詞法。由空格前的定冠詞the可知,此處應填名詞,故答案為illness。4.(2020廈門海滄二模,86)Asa(music),mostofmyinspirationcomesfromotherpeople’smusic.

【答案】musician本題考查名詞構詞法。根據(jù)“Asa”可知,本空所填詞表示人的身份或職業(yè)。再根據(jù)提示詞和后文的“mostofmyinspirationcomesfromotherpeople’smusic(我大部分的靈感來源于其他人的音樂)”推斷,本空指音樂家,故答案為musician。綜合練1.(2021江蘇揚州,47)Thewallpaperwithcartoonpatternsisidealformyroom.(son)

【答案】son’s設空處與后面名詞是所屬關系,應用名詞所有格形式。故答案為son’s。2.(2021云南,67)AsaTV,it’smydutytotellthetruthtothepublic.(report)

【答案】reporter本題考查名詞。根據(jù)語境可知,此空需要填一個表示職業(yè)的名詞。根據(jù)提示的單詞可知,應填reporter。3.(2021廣東,73改編)LaoPan’snewbookincludeshisforty-seven(letter)tohisfamilybackinAmerica.ThelettersshowChina’sdevelopmentindifferentperiods.

【答案】letters本題考查名詞復數(shù)。由空前的數(shù)詞forty-seven可知,老潘的新書里包含47封他寫給美國家人的信,故填letters。4.(2021河北,77)I’mintheschoolbasketballteam.Weusuallyplay(match)onSaturdaymornings.

【答案】matchesmatch為可數(shù)名詞,前面沒有限定詞,應用復數(shù)形式。故答案為matches。5.(2021河南,59改編)Thelocalpeopleusedtoliveahardbecauseoftheshortageofwater.

【答案】life考查名詞。liveahardlife過著艱苦的生活。6.(2021湖南長沙,61改編)Theretworich(brother),OliverandRoderick,gavehimaletterandtoldhimnottoopenituntiltwoo’clockoftheday.

【答案】brothers本題考查名詞復數(shù)。根據(jù)空前的基數(shù)詞two可知,brother應該用復數(shù)形式,故填brothers。7.(2021新疆,86改編)Heworkseverydaylateintothe,sometimesevenforgettingtoeatdinner,andgetsupearlyaswell.

【答案】nightlateintothenight直到深夜。此處表示他每天工作到深夜。所以填night。8.(2020湖北孝感,81)Asaseniorhighschoolstudent,heisgoingtoreadasmany(book)aspossibletoopenhismind.

【答案】books本題考查名詞的復數(shù)。book為可數(shù)名詞,由修飾語“asmany”可知,book應用復數(shù)形式。9.(2020浙江湖州,67)“Peoplesometimesmake(mistake),buttheimportantthingisthattheyownupto(承認)whatthey’vedone,”shesaid.

【答案】mistakes本題考查名詞的復數(shù)。根據(jù)固定搭配“makemistakes”可知,mistake應用復數(shù)形式。10.(2020山東臨沂,56)Growingupishardforeveryone.Laurahastofacelotsofstressasa(teenage).

【答案】teenager本題考查名詞構詞法。根據(jù)介詞搭配“asa...”可知,空格處應填寫表示人的身份或職業(yè)的名詞,故將teenage變成名詞teenager(青少年)。11.(2020江蘇連云港,52改編)Haveyoureadthereport?Those(hero)storiesreallytouchedmedeeply.

【答案】heroes’本題考查名詞復數(shù)和名詞所有格。分析句子結(jié)構可知“Thosestories”在句中作主語,故空格處應修飾“stories”,意為“英雄的”,應用所有格形式。同時,此處泛指英雄這一類人,需將hero變成復數(shù)heroes。故答案為heroes’。

12.(2020南平質(zhì)檢,84)Accordingtofolk(story),thedishbecamewell-knownwhenSuwenttoHangzhou,Zhejiangtotakeoffice.

【答案】stories本題考查名詞的數(shù)。story是可數(shù)名詞,此處表泛指,故用它的復數(shù)形式stories。13.(2020寧德質(zhì)檢,83)Lateron,ancientGreeksusedtheirknowledgeof/m?/andsciencetomakemaps.

【答案】math根據(jù)science及音標可知填math。14.(2020莆田質(zhì)檢,82)Thoughit’smadeupoftwo(word),climateemergencyistreatedasasingleword,inthesamewayasheartattack.

【答案】words本題考查名詞的數(shù)。word是可數(shù)名詞,前面有數(shù)詞two,故用word的復數(shù)形式。冠詞冠詞是中考考必考熱點，以考查冠詞在具體語境中的正確使用為主，把冠詞結(jié)合名詞一起考查。①冠詞的泛指、特指②在形容詞和副詞比較級前的用法③固定搭配考點1冠詞的分類和基本用法冠詞分為不定冠詞(a/an)、定冠詞(the)和零冠詞(不用冠詞)。冠詞的泛指和特指泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，也可以指說話雙方心目中所默認的特定的人或事物。注意:①判斷一個詞前用a還是an,是根據(jù)其讀音,而不是根據(jù)其字母。我們可以這樣記憶:不見元音不加an,不看字母看發(fā)音。②在26個字母中,前面用an的字母有:a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x,其他用a。③要注意區(qū)別以“u”開頭的單詞:當“u”發(fā)/?/音時前用an,如:anumbrella,anunusualstory,anunhappyboy;當“u”發(fā)/ju?/音時前用a,如:auniversity,ausefulbook。一．用冠詞a或an填空①anhour

②aEuropeancountry

③a“b”

④an“s”

⑤anorange

⑥anunusualstory

⑦anisland

⑧anewbike

⑨ane-mail

⑩animportantinvention

11.ausefulbook

12.anNBAplayer

13.aneight-year-oldgirl

14.anhonestperson

考點2冠詞的常見搭配1.下列情況用零冠詞不可數(shù)名詞和復數(shù)名詞表泛指時Animalscan’tlivewithoutwater.Horsesarehelpfulanimals.某些專有名詞(如人名、地名、國家名等)、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞表示泛指時Chinaisagreatcountry.MarylivesinNewYork.Paperismadefromwood.名詞前已有指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格等修飾時EverystudentlikesEnglishinourclass.在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前ThisisProfessorLi.在三餐、球類運動及學科名詞之前Iwenttoschoolwithoutbreakfastthismorning.Heoftenplaysfootballafterschool.由“專有名詞+普通名詞”構成的表示街名、路名、山名等的詞前NanjingRoadHainanIsland與by連用的交通工具名稱前bycar,bytrain在節(jié)假日名稱前NewYear’sDay,Women’sDay2.在某些固定詞組和習慣用語中用零冠詞。如:dayafterday一天天地;facetoface面對面地;sidebyside肩并肩地;handinhand手拉手;frombeginningtoend自始至終;dayandnight日日夜夜;soonerorlater遲早;husbandandwife夫妻;athome在家;bymistake錯誤地;atfirst起初;atlast最后;atonce立刻;atnoon在中午;atwork在工作;ontime準時;insurprise驚奇地;atnight在晚上;onfoot步行;onbusiness因公出差;onholiday在度假;inclass在課上;gohome回家;forexample例如;goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去買東西/游泳/劃船/釣魚二．知識拓展有定冠詞和無定冠詞的區(qū)別(1)gotoschool去上學(是學生)(2)attable在吃飯(3)atschool在上學(4)inclass在上課(5)infrontof在(……外部的)前面(6)bysea乘船(7)inprison在坐牢(8)byday在白天考點1不定冠詞的用法1.(2021福建,21)—YuanLongpingwasgreatscientist.

—Sohewas.Hemadegreatcontributionstohumanbeings.A.aB.anC.the【答案】A本題考查不定冠詞。scientist為可數(shù)名詞,此處表泛指,且great以輔音音素開頭,應用不定冠詞a。故答案為A。2.(2017福建,21)Jackissuchfriendlyboy.Hegetsalongwellwithhisclassmates.

A.aB.anC.the【答案】A本題考查不定冠詞的用法。此處為“such+a/an+adj.+名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構,又因為friendly是以輔音音素開頭,故選A。3.(2021廈門質(zhì)檢,21)Kindleisapptoreade-booksonthephone.

A.aB.anC.the【答案】B句意:Kindle是手機上的一款閱讀電子書的應用軟件。本題考查不定冠詞的用法。此處泛指“一款”,app是以元音音素開頭的單詞,用不定冠詞an。故選B。4.(2020漳州質(zhì)檢,21)—Mygrandpaoftentakesawalkaftersupper.—Ithinkitisgoodhabit.

A.theB.aC.an【答案】B句意:——我的祖父經(jīng)常晚飯后去散步?！艺J為這是一種好的習慣。本題考查不定冠詞的用法。此處泛指“一個好習慣”,且good是以輔音音素開頭的單詞,用不定冠詞a。故選B。5.(2020泉州泉港質(zhì)檢,21)ChinaplaysimportantroleinglobalIP(知識產(chǎn)權)protection.

A.aB.anC.the【答案】B句意:中國在全球知識產(chǎn)權保護方面起著重要的作用。本題考查不定冠詞的用法。此處表泛指,且important是以元音音素開頭的單詞,應用不定冠詞an。故選B。6.(2018福建,83)Hedreamedofbeinginventor.

【答案】an本題考查不定冠詞的用法。由句意可知,他夢想成為一名發(fā)明家,所以此處應用不定冠詞,由于inventor是以元音音素開頭的單詞,所以填an。7.(2020福建,84)Thefrogtoldhertoholdoutherfishingnettothesun’sraysandhewouldsingmagicsong.

【答案】a本題考查不定冠詞的用法。根據(jù)語境可知,此空表示“一首神奇的歌”,表泛指,且magic是以輔音音素開頭的單詞,所以空格處填不定冠詞a。故答案為a。8.(2021寧德質(zhì)檢,88)Theoxisconsideredassymbolofearnestness(認真)inChineseculture.

【答案】a本題考查不定冠詞的用法。此處泛指“一種”,asymbolof一種……的象征,故用不定冠詞a。9.(2021三明質(zhì)檢,82)Duringhervacation,shedecidedtobuyCasiowatch.

【答案】a本題考查不定冠詞的用法。此處指“一塊卡西歐手表”,“Casio”是以輔音音素開頭的單詞,應用不定冠詞a。10.(2021泉州質(zhì)檢,90)Youmayusethemtodescribetalentedartist,anexcellentjobcandidate,andsoon.

【答案】a本題考查不定冠詞的用法。此處和anexcellentjobcandidate為并列關系,泛指“一個有才華的藝術家”,應填不定冠詞,“talented”是讀音以輔音音素開頭的單詞,應用不定冠詞a?？键c2定冠詞的用法1.(2020南平質(zhì)檢,21)—HowwasdinneratMike’shouse?

—Itwasgreat.Mike’smummadeitwonderfully.A.aB.anC.the【答案】C句意:——邁克家的晚餐怎么樣?——太棒了。邁克的媽媽做得很好。本題考查定冠詞用法。這里特指“邁克家的晚飯”,用定冠詞the。故選C。2.(2020三明質(zhì)檢,21)—CanIhavealookatiPhoneyouboughtyesterday?

—Sure!Hereyouare.A.aB.anC.the【答案】C本題考查定冠詞用法。根據(jù)句意可知,此處特指“昨天買的那部蘋果手機”,應該用定冠詞the。故選C。3.(2021福建,82)Butit’sbecomingoneofmostpopularsportsaroundtheworld.

【答案】the