仁愛(ài)版中考英語(yǔ)四輪總復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)08.賓語(yǔ)從句及定語(yǔ)從句(學(xué)生版+解析)

課時(shí)08.賓語(yǔ)從句及定語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句在句中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句可作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：賓語(yǔ)從句：三要素：連接詞/時(shí)態(tài)/語(yǔ)序Eg:MissZhusaidthatshewashandsome.連接詞：that：起連接作用，無(wú)義，可省if/whether:“是否”（只用whether：ornot/不定式前/介詞后）特殊疑問(wèn)詞：連接代詞：who;whom;whose;what;which連接副詞：when;where;why;howEg:Hesays(that)hewillcometomorrow.Eg:Heasksif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Eg:Heaskswhenhewillcometomorrow.時(shí)態(tài)：記憶口訣：主現(xiàn)從不限，主過(guò)從也過(guò)，客觀真理不變,委婉語(yǔ)氣不限。主過(guò)從過(guò)：從句時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過(guò)去時(shí)(do/does→did)一般過(guò)去時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)(did→haddone)一般將來(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(willdo→woulddo)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/aredoing→was/weredoing)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(have/hasdone→haddone)小試牛刀：Hetellsmehe____________(do)exerciseeveryday.Hesayshisfather______________(come)backtomorrow.Heaskedifhe________________(watch)TVeveryweek.Hesaidthathe_________________(come)backyesterday.Tomaskedwhenhismother_____________(go)Beijingtomorrow.TheteachertoldustheEarth_____________(turn)aroundtheSun.Couldyoutellmeifhe_______________(go)swimmingyesterday.WouldyoutellmehowI_______________(canlearn)Englishwell.語(yǔ)序：陳述語(yǔ)序：主句+連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他Eg：Idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback.注：Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Idon’tknowwhat’swrong.Idon’tknowwhat’sup.(語(yǔ)序不變)考點(diǎn)1引導(dǎo)詞連接詞連接詞的作用例句that本身無(wú)意義,只起連接作用,在口語(yǔ)中可省略Hesaid(that)Katewasgoodatswimming.他說(shuō)凱特擅長(zhǎng)游泳。what,which,who,whose,whom等連接代詞在從句中作一定的成分,如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等Idon’tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.我不知道他們打算干什么。when(表時(shí)間),where(表地點(diǎn)),why(表原因),how(表方式)等連接副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?你能告訴我你來(lái)自哪兒?jiǎn)?Doyouknowhowtheyfoundtheplace?你知道他們是怎么找到那個(gè)地方的嗎?if/whether(是否)不作句子成分,但不能省略HeaskedmeifMissGaowasateacher.他問(wèn)我高小姐是否是一位老師。1.Heseemstohavelearntaboutthebadnews.(改為同義句)Itseemsaboutthebadnews.

2.Whoistheman?Couldyoutellme?(合并為一個(gè)句子并且不改變意思)Couldyoutellme?

考點(diǎn)2時(shí)態(tài)(1)如果主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)),那么賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如:Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.我記得他昨天給了我一本書(shū)。Hehastoldmethathe’llleaveforNewYorktomorrow.他已告訴我明天他就動(dòng)身去紐約了。(2)如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)),那么賓語(yǔ)從句一般要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí))。如:Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthecompetition.他告訴我他將會(huì)參加比賽。(3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理,即使主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如:Hetoldmethattheearthisround.(真理)他告訴我地球是圓的。1.Theteachertoldus,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”(改為間接引語(yǔ))Theteachertoldusmuchfasterthansound.

考點(diǎn)3語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。在把兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子連成一個(gè)含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句時(shí),要特別注意從句的語(yǔ)序,即按照主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)的順序。如:What’sKate’se-mailaddress?Doyouknow?=DoyouknowwhatKate’se-mailaddressis?你知道凱特的電子郵件地址嗎?1.Mr.LeeaskedTom,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”(改為間接引語(yǔ))Mr.LeeaskedTom.

考點(diǎn)4否定轉(zhuǎn)移在主從復(fù)合句中,當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose等時(shí),要將賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式,而賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。如:Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)和你一起來(lái)。1.IthinkDaniel’sfinishedhishomework.(改為否定句)IDanielfinishedhishomework.

考點(diǎn)5簡(jiǎn)化(1)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等時(shí),從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如:IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.我希望能收到你的電子郵件。(2)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know,remember,forget,learn等,從句由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)時(shí),從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.她不知道下一步該做什么。(3)賓語(yǔ)從句可以簡(jiǎn)化為名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。如:Idon’tbelievewhatTomsaid.=Idon’tbelieveTom’swords.我不相信湯姆所說(shuō)的話(huà)。1.Wehaven’tdecidedifwewillgotoHainanIslandforaholiday.(改為同義句)Wehaven’tdecidedtoHainanIslandforaholiday.

隨堂練習(xí)一考點(diǎn)1賓語(yǔ)從句1.(2021福建,35)—Doyouknow?

—Sure.OnMay15th.A.whereChina’sTianwen-1probelandedB.howChina’sTianwen-1probelandedonMarsC.whenChina’sTianwen-1probelandedonMars2.(2020福建,35)—Couldyoutellme?

—Throwingoffpoverty(脫貧).A.whopeopleoftentalkaboutthisyearB.whatpeopleoftentalkaboutthisyearC.whichdopeopleoftentalkaboutthisyear3.(2019福建,35)Wedon’tknow,butittellsustheimportanceoffriendship.

A.whatthestoryisaboutB.whetherthestoryistrueC.whendidthestorytakeplace4.(2018福建,35)—KarlMarxisagreatthinker.Doyouknow?

—In1818.A.wherehewasfromB.whenhewasbornC.howhelearnedforeignlanguages5.(2017福建,35)—Michael,couldyoutellme?

—I’dliketojointhedancingclub.A.whyyoulikethedancingclubB.whichclubyouaregoingtojoinC.whetherthereareanyclubsinyourschool6.(2021福州一模,35)Jackdoesn’twanttogotothepartybyhimself,buthehasnoidea.

A.whatelseshouldhedoB.wherehecanhostthepartyC.whowouldliketogowithhim7.(2021龍巖一模,35)—Doyouknow?

—InFuzhou.A.wherethe4thDigitalChinaSummitwasheldB.whenthe4thDigitalChinaSummitwasheldC.whythe4thDigitalChinaSummitwasheld8.(2021廈門(mén)一模,34)—Ifoundthesenotebooks.Doyouknow?

—Oh,thehandwritingisniceandclear.TheymightbeMike’s.A.whotheybelongtoB.whytheyarepopularC.whattheyareusedfor9.(2021莆田一模,35)—David,couldyoutellme?

—Sure.It’saprojectinAlipaythatcanhelpplantrealtreesindryareas.A.whattheAntForestisB.whentheAntForestbeganC.whodevelopedtheAntForest10.(2021泉州一模,35)It’sreportedthatanewkindofschooluniformscantellparents.Sothechildrencanbefoundeasily.

A.wherearetheirchildrenB.wheredotheirchildrenstudyC.wheretheirchildrenare定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是中考考的重點(diǎn)，備考焦點(diǎn)主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：①正確使用關(guān)系代詞(which,that,who,whom,whose,as)和關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)②介詞＋which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句③that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)1概念A(yù)doctorisapersonwholooksafterapatient.

先行詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)

1.在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子叫先行詞。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(一個(gè)詞)這是值得參觀的地方。Manylife’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers，friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.(一個(gè)短語(yǔ))許多以前可以通過(guò)詢(xún)問(wèn)家庭成員、朋友或者同事就能解決的生活問(wèn)題是現(xiàn)在的大家庭無(wú)力解決的。Itookanoldmantohospitalinataxiimmediately，whichwaswhyIwaslatethatmorning.(一個(gè)完整的句子)我乘出租車(chē)立即把一個(gè)老人送到了醫(yī)院，這就是那天早上我遲到的原因。2．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞有三大作用：代指先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作句子成分。Beijing，whichisthecapitalcityofChina，isaverybeautifulcity.↓eq\x(代指Beijing，在從句中作主語(yǔ))考點(diǎn)2正確使用關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞在句中代替指人或事物的先行詞，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等句子成分。關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略)、表語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)(限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略)whose(＝ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定語(yǔ)that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略)which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略)as人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Doyouknowthemanthat/whomMr.Whiteintroducedjustnow?懷特先生剛才介紹的那個(gè)人你認(rèn)識(shí)嗎？Ourmonitoristheboywhosefatherisalawyer.我們的班長(zhǎng)是父親做律師的那個(gè)男孩?！久麕熤附颉筷P(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。Tomisoneoftheengineerswhoaresentabroad.湯姆是被派往國(guó)外的工程師之一。Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.湯姆就是唯一提出解決方案的那位工程師。2．關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞代替表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的先行詞，并在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)，不能省略。關(guān)系副詞先行詞句法功能when(＝in/at/on/...＋which)時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where(＝in/at/on/...＋which)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why(＝forwhich)原因原因狀語(yǔ)(只引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句)Thetimewhen(atwhich)IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.第一次見(jiàn)納爾遜·曼德拉的時(shí)候，是我一生中非常困難的時(shí)期。Theschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.那所學(xué)校離這里有3千米遠(yuǎn)，我僅在那里讀過(guò)兩年書(shū)。Therearevariousreasons(forwhich)whypeoplewritepoetry.人們寫(xiě)詩(shī)有各種各樣的理由。【名師指津】先行詞為抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞(situation，case，stage，point，activity等)，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)則用關(guān)系代詞which/that。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步?？键c(diǎn)3只能用that及省略(1)下列情況下,先行詞指物時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用which引導(dǎo):①當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。如:Isthereanything(that)youdon’tunderstand?你有什么不懂的地方嗎?Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.湯姆把發(fā)生的所有事情告訴了他的媽媽。②當(dāng)先行詞前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時(shí)。如:ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.這是我能找到的唯一一本書(shū)。③當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)。如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.這是我讀過(guò)的最好的書(shū)。④當(dāng)先行詞前面有only,all,any,no等修飾時(shí)。如:IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.我想把魯迅的著作全讀完。⑤當(dāng)主句是以疑問(wèn)詞which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)。如:Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?哪個(gè)是你最喜歡的旅店?(2)關(guān)系代詞的省略一般情況下,關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略,但關(guān)系代詞which,whom在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)并且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),不能省略。如:I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我加入俱樂(lè)部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),不能省略。如:Whoistheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?正在和我們老師談話(huà)的那個(gè)男孩是誰(shuí)?隨堂練習(xí)1.(2021福建,34)WeallmissWuMengchaosavedthousandsoflivesinhismedicalwork.

A.whichB.whatC.who2.(2020福建,34)DuFuisagreatChinesepoethasbecomepopularwithmanypeoplearoundtheworld.

A.whichB.whomC.who3.(2019福建,33)DuFuguoisaheroisknowntomillionsofChinesepeople.

A.whoB.whichC.what4.(2018福建,34)YuanLongpingisaChinesericescientistisleadingresearchtodevelop“searice”.

A.whoB.whichC.whom5.(2017福建,34)—Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReaders,onCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVprogrammebringsthehabitofreadingbackintothepublic.

A.whoB.thatC.what6.(2021福州一模,33)Mr.Fosterhasjustfinishedwritinganarticleisaboutdevelopingreadingskills.

A.whoB.whoseC.which7.(2021龍巖一模,34)ZhangGuimeiisaheroicwomanhasspentover40yearshelpingpoorgirlsgeteducation.

A.whoB.whomC.which8.(2021廈門(mén)一模,33)GuAilingisayoungChinesesportsstarwonfirstprizeinthe2021WinterXGames.

A.whereB.whichC.who9.(2021莆田一模,34)Wewillneverforgettheheroeshavemadelargecontributionstoourcountry.

A.whomB.thatC.which10.(2021泉州一模,32)—HaveyoureadthenovelisnamedLittlePrince?

—Notyet.ButI’llreadittomorrow.A.whoB.whatC.which課時(shí)08.賓語(yǔ)從句及定語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句在句中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句可作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：賓語(yǔ)從句：三要素：連接詞/時(shí)態(tài)/語(yǔ)序Eg:MissZhusaidthatshewashandsome.連接詞：that：起連接作用，無(wú)義，可省if/whether:“是否”（只用whether：ornot/不定式前/介詞后）特殊疑問(wèn)詞：連接代詞：who;whom;whose;what;which連接副詞：when;where;why;howEg:Hesays(that)hewillcometomorrow.Eg:Heasksif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Eg:Heaskswhenhewillcometomorrow.時(shí)態(tài)：記憶口訣：主現(xiàn)從不限，主過(guò)從也過(guò)，客觀真理不變,委婉語(yǔ)氣不限。主過(guò)從過(guò)：從句時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過(guò)去時(shí)(do/does→did)一般過(guò)去時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)(did→haddone)一般將來(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(willdo→woulddo)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/aredoing→was/weredoing)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(have/hasdone→haddone)小試牛刀：Hetellsmehe____________(do)exerciseeveryday.Hesayshisfather______________(come)backtomorrow.Heaskedifhe________________(watch)TVeveryweek.Hesaidthathe_________________(come)backyesterday.Tomaskedwhenhismother_____________(go)Beijingtomorrow.TheteachertoldustheEarth_____________(turn)aroundtheSun.Couldyoutellmeifhe_______________(go)swimmingyesterday.WouldyoutellmehowI_______________(canlearn)Englishwell.語(yǔ)序：陳述語(yǔ)序：主句+連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他Eg：Idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback.注：Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Idon’tknowwhat’swrong.Idon’tknowwhat’sup.(語(yǔ)序不變)考點(diǎn)1引導(dǎo)詞連接詞連接詞的作用例句that本身無(wú)意義,只起連接作用,在口語(yǔ)中可省略Hesaid(that)Katewasgoodatswimming.他說(shuō)凱特擅長(zhǎng)游泳。what,which,who,whose,whom等連接代詞在從句中作一定的成分,如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等Idon’tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.我不知道他們打算干什么。when(表時(shí)間),where(表地點(diǎn)),why(表原因),how(表方式)等連接副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?你能告訴我你來(lái)自哪兒?jiǎn)?Doyouknowhowtheyfoundtheplace?你知道他們是怎么找到那個(gè)地方的嗎?if/whether(是否)不作句子成分,但不能省略HeaskedmeifMissGaowasateacher.他問(wèn)我高小姐是否是一位老師。1.Heseemstohavelearntaboutthebadnews.(改為同義句)Itseemsaboutthebadnews.

2.Whoistheman?Couldyoutellme?(合并為一個(gè)句子并且不改變意思)Couldyoutellme?

【答案】1.thathehaslearnt2.whothemanis考點(diǎn)2時(shí)態(tài)(1)如果主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)),那么賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如:Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.我記得他昨天給了我一本書(shū)。Hehastoldmethathe’llleaveforNewYorktomorrow.他已告訴我明天他就動(dòng)身去紐約了。(2)如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)),那么賓語(yǔ)從句一般要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí))。如:Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthecompetition.他告訴我他將會(huì)參加比賽。(3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理,即使主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如:Hetoldmethattheearthisround.(真理)他告訴我地球是圓的。1.Theteachertoldus,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”(改為間接引語(yǔ))Theteachertoldusmuchfasterthansound.

【答案】lighttravels考點(diǎn)3語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。在把兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子連成一個(gè)含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句時(shí),要特別注意從句的語(yǔ)序,即按照主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)的順序。如:What’sKate’se-mailaddress?Doyouknow?=DoyouknowwhatKate’se-mailaddressis?你知道凱特的電子郵件地址嗎?1.Mr.LeeaskedTom,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”(改為間接引語(yǔ))Mr.LeeaskedTom.

【答案】wherehehadbeen考點(diǎn)4否定轉(zhuǎn)移在主從復(fù)合句中,當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose等時(shí),要將賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式,而賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。如:Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)和你一起來(lái)。1.IthinkDaniel’sfinishedhishomework.(改為否定句)IDanielfinishedhishomework.

【答案】don’tthink，has考點(diǎn)5簡(jiǎn)化(1)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等時(shí),從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如:IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.我希望能收到你的電子郵件。(2)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know,remember,forget,learn等,從句由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)時(shí),從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.她不知道下一步該做什么。(3)賓語(yǔ)從句可以簡(jiǎn)化為名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。如:Idon’tbelievewhatTomsaid.=Idon’tbelieveTom’swords.我不相信湯姆所說(shuō)的話(huà)。1.Wehaven’tdecidedifwewillgotoHainanIslandforaholiday.(改為同義句)Wehaven’tdecidedtoHainanIslandforaholiday.

【答案】whethertogo隨堂練習(xí)一考點(diǎn)1賓語(yǔ)從句1.(2021福建,35)—Doyouknow?

—Sure.OnMay15th.A.whereChina’sTianwen-1probelandedB.howChina’sTianwen-1probelandedonMarsC.whenChina’sTianwen-1probelandedonMars【答案】C句意:——你知道中國(guó)的“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”探測(cè)器是什么時(shí)候著陸在火星的嗎?——當(dāng)然了,5月15日。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)推知問(wèn)句詢(xún)問(wèn)的是時(shí)間,故選C。2.(2020福建,35)—Couldyoutellme?

—Throwingoffpoverty(脫貧).A.whopeopleoftentalkaboutthisyearB.whatpeopleoftentalkaboutthisyearC.whichdopeopleoftentalkaboutthisyear【答案】B句意:——你能告訴我人們今年經(jīng)常談?wù)撌裁磫?——脫貧。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述句語(yǔ)序,可排除C。從答語(yǔ)Throwingoffpoverty.可知前一句問(wèn)的是談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容,引導(dǎo)詞用what,故選B。3.(2019福建,35)Wedon’tknow,butittellsustheimportanceoffriendship.

A.whatthestoryisaboutB.whetherthestoryistrueC.whendidthestorytakeplace【答案】B句意:我們不知道這個(gè)故事是否真實(shí),但是它告訴我們友誼的重要性。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。C項(xiàng)不是陳述句語(yǔ)序,排除,再根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選B。4.(2018福建,35)—KarlMarxisagreatthinker.Doyouknow?

—In1818.A.wherehewasfromB.whenhewasbornC.howhelearnedforeignlanguages【答案】B句意:——KarlMarx是一位偉大的思想家,你知道他什么時(shí)候出生的嗎?——在1818年。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。從答語(yǔ)“In1818.”可知,問(wèn)句應(yīng)當(dāng)問(wèn)時(shí)間,因此賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用when,故選B。5.(2017福建,35)—Michael,couldyoutellme?

—I’dliketojointhedancingclub.A.whyyoulikethedancingclubB.whichclubyouaregoingtojoinC.whetherthereareanyclubsinyourschool【答案】B句意:——邁克爾,你能告訴我你打算參加哪個(gè)俱樂(lè)部嗎?——我想加入舞蹈俱樂(lè)部。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。whyyoulikethedancingclub意為“你為什么喜歡舞蹈俱樂(lè)部”;whichclubyouaregoingtojoin意為“你打算參加哪個(gè)俱樂(lè)部”;whetherthereareanyclubsinyourschool意為“你們學(xué)校是否有一些俱樂(lè)部”。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)可知本題選擇B。6.(2021福州一模,35)Jackdoesn’twanttogotothepartybyhimself,buthehasnoidea.

A.whatelseshouldhedoB.wherehecanhostthepartyC.whowouldliketogowithhim【答案】C句意:杰克不想自己去派對(duì),但是他不知道誰(shuí)愿意跟他一起去。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知只有C項(xiàng)符合,故選C。7.(2021龍巖一模,35)—Doyouknow?

—InFuzhou.A.wherethe4thDigitalChinaSummitwasheldB.whenthe4thDigitalChinaSummitwasheldC.whythe4thDigitalChinaSummitwasheld【答案】A句意:——你知道第四屆數(shù)字中國(guó)建設(shè)峰會(huì)是在哪里舉行的嗎?——在福州。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)答句可知問(wèn)句詢(xún)問(wèn)的是地點(diǎn),引導(dǎo)詞要用where,故選A。8.(2021廈門(mén)一模,34)—Ifoundthesenotebooks.Doyouknow?

—Oh,thehandwritingisniceandclear.TheymightbeMike’s.A.whotheybelongtoB.whytheyarepopularC.whattheyareusedfor【答案】A句意:——我找到了這些筆記本。你知道它們屬于誰(shuí)嗎?——噢,字跡漂亮清晰。它們可能是邁克的。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知說(shuō)話(huà)人在討論筆記本的歸屬,故選A。9.(2021莆田一模,35)—David,couldyoutellme?

—Sure.It’saprojectinAlipaythatcanhelpplantrealtreesindryareas.A.whattheAntForestisB.whentheAntForestbeganC.whodevelopedtheAntForest【答案】A句意:——戴維,你能告訴我螞蟻森林是什么嗎?——當(dāng)然了。它是支付寶的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,幫助在干旱地區(qū)種樹(shù)。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。答句是對(duì)螞蟻森林這個(gè)名詞的解釋,故選A。10.(2021泉州一模,35)It’sreportedthatanewkindofschooluniformscantellparents.Sothechildrencanbefoundeasily.

A.wherearetheirchildrenB.wheredotheirchildrenstudyC.wheretheirchildrenare【答案】C句意:據(jù)報(bào)道,一款新校服可以告訴父母他們的孩子在哪里。所以孩子們就能被輕易找到。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)上下文可知校服的好處是可以讓父母知道孩子在哪里,故選C。定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是中考考的重點(diǎn)，備考焦點(diǎn)主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：①正確使用關(guān)系代詞(which,that,who,whom,whose,as)和關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)②介詞＋which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句③that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)1概念A(yù)doctorisapersonwholooksafterapatient.

先行詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)

1.在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子叫先行詞。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(一個(gè)詞)這是值得參觀的地方。Manylife’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers，friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.(一個(gè)短語(yǔ))許多以前可以通過(guò)詢(xún)問(wèn)家庭成員、朋友或者同事就能解決的生活問(wèn)題是現(xiàn)在的大家庭無(wú)力解決的。Itookanoldmantohospitalinataxiimmediately，whichwaswhyIwaslatethatmorning.(一個(gè)完整的句子)我乘出租車(chē)立即把一個(gè)老人送到了醫(yī)院，這就是那天早上我遲到的原因。2．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞有三大作用：代指先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作句子成分。Beijing，whichisthecapitalcityofChina，isaverybeautifulcity.↓eq\x(代指Beijing，在從句中作主語(yǔ))考點(diǎn)2正確使用關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞在句中代替指人或事物的先行詞，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等句子成分。關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略)、表語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)(限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略)whose(＝ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定語(yǔ)that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略)which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略)as人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Doyouknowthemanthat/whomMr.Whiteintroducedjustnow?懷特先生剛才介紹的那個(gè)人你認(rèn)識(shí)嗎？Ourmonitoristheboywhosefatherisalawyer.我們的班長(zhǎng)是父親做律師的那個(gè)男孩?！久麕熤附颉筷P(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。Tomisoneoftheengineerswhoaresentabroad.湯姆是被派往國(guó)外的工程師之一。Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.湯姆就是唯一提出解決方案的那位工程師。2．關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞代替表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的先行詞，并在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)，不能省略。關(guān)系副詞先行詞句法功能when(＝in/at/on/...＋which)時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where(＝in/at/on/...＋which)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why(＝forwhich)原因原因狀語(yǔ)(只引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句)Thetimewhen(atwhich)IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.第一次見(jiàn)納爾遜·曼德拉的時(shí)候，是我一生中非常困難的時(shí)期。Theschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.那所學(xué)校離這里有3千米遠(yuǎn)，我僅在那里讀過(guò)兩年書(shū)。Therearevariousreasons(forwhich)whypeoplewritepoetry.人們寫(xiě)詩(shī)有各種各樣的理由?！久麕熤附颉肯刃性~為抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞(situation，case，stage，point，activity等)，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)則用關(guān)系代詞which/that。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步?？键c(diǎn)3只能用that及省略(1)下列情況下,先行詞指物時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用which引導(dǎo):①當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。如:Isthereanything(that)youdon’tunderstand?你有什么不懂的地方嗎?Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.湯姆把發(fā)生的所有事情告訴了他的媽媽。②當(dāng)先行詞前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時(shí)。如:ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.這是我能找到的唯一一本書(shū)。③當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)。如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.這是我讀過(guò)的最好的書(shū)。④當(dāng)先行詞前面有only,all,any,no等修飾時(shí)。如:IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.我想把魯迅的著作全讀完。⑤當(dāng)主句是以疑問(wèn)詞which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)。如:Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?哪個(gè)是你最喜歡的旅店?(2)關(guān)系代詞的省略一般情況下,關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略,但關(guān)系代詞which,whom在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)并且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),不能省略。如:I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我加入俱樂(lè)部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),不能省略。如:Whoistheboythatistalkin