高三英語上學(xué)期二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)特殊句式考點(diǎn)歸納課件

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用-2目錄CONTENTS常見特殊句式介紹1特殊句式的運(yùn)用技巧3特殊句式語法規(guī)則2特殊句式的練習(xí)與拓展5考點(diǎn)歸納與練習(xí)41常見特殊句式介紹常見特殊句式介紹1.1強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句是對某一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)的句式。例如："ItispreciselythisbookthatIhavebeenlookingfor."(正是這本書我在找。)常見特殊句式介紹1.2倒裝句倒裝句是指謂語前置的句子，有完全倒裝和部分倒裝兩種形式。如："Onlythendidwerealizetheseriousnessofthesituation."(只有那時(shí)我們才意識到情況的嚴(yán)重性。)第一章：常見特殊句式介紹虛擬語氣用于表達(dá)與事實(shí)相反或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)情況。如："IfIwereyou,Iwoulddoitdifferently."(如果我是你，我會(huì)以不同的方式去做。)1.3虛擬語氣句2特殊句式語法規(guī)則特殊句式語法規(guī)則82.1強(qiáng)調(diào)句的語法結(jié)構(gòu)與用法強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是"Itis/was…that/who…"，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分。例如：重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語等2.2倒裝句Inversion的構(gòu)成與分類完全倒裝是指將整個(gè)謂語部分放在主語之前，部分倒裝則是將助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等放在主語之前2.3虛擬語氣句TheSubjunctiveMood的構(gòu)成與類型虛擬語氣分為三種情況：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反、與過去事實(shí)相反和純假設(shè)的情況。其結(jié)構(gòu)包括if引導(dǎo)的條件句和主句的謂語形式變化1.結(jié)構(gòu):Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分可以是主語、賓語和狀語,但不能是謂語。強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)還可用who/whom做連詞,而強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因狀語、目的狀語或方式狀語均只用that,而不用when,where,why等.強(qiáng)

調(diào)

句2.主謂一致:強(qiáng)調(diào)句在強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí),that/who后邊的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致.1.Itismyparentsthat/whoaresinginginthenextroom.2.ItisIthat/whoamgoingforaholidaywithMary.*當(dāng)主語部分是notonlyAbutalsoB/neitherAnorB/eitherAorB/notAbutB等，即由并列連詞連接的A、B兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞由B來確定（根據(jù)就近原則）。如：

Itiseither

youor

Iwho/thatamwrong.*當(dāng)主語部分為A+ratherthan/except/besides/aswellas/togetherwith+B等形式時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞由主語A確定Itwasheratherthanhisparentswho/thatistomakethedecision.Itistheywhowillattendthemedicalconference.ItwasherthatIsawinthestreetjustnow.Itwashimthatwemetattheschoolgate.3.人稱照應(yīng):在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,若強(qiáng)調(diào)主語,代詞用主格;若強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語,代詞用賓格.4.問句形式:①一般疑問句:把it/was提前Is/Wasit+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分?Wasit

in1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout?IsitprofessorWangwhoteachesyouEnglish?②特殊疑問句:在一般疑問句前加上疑問詞疑問詞+is/was+it+that+……?Whowasitthatcalledthismorning?Whenisitthatwe’llholdameeting?※強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語從句的區(qū)別※

刪除法：即指把itis/was…that…這幾個(gè)標(biāo)志詞去掉,在不添詞、不減詞的前提下,剩下的成分如仍然能組成一個(gè)完整的句子,這就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,否則就不是:ItwasonOctober1,1949thatNewChinawasfounded.(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu))如在表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞前缺少介詞則應(yīng)為定語從句ItwasOctober1,1949whenNewChinawasfounded.(定語從句)5.not…until句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句Itis/wasnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分.Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.

ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.※對謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)※對一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)及一般過去時(shí)中的謂語動(dòng)詞用助動(dòng)詞do/does/did+動(dòng)詞原形進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)）Docomethisevening.Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.Tomdoesstudyhardnow.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.AbrahamLincolnwasbornonFeb.12,1809.—___________onFeb.12,1809______AbrahamLincolnwasborn.2.Whofirstcametoschooltoday?—___________it______firstcametoschooltoday?3.Hedidn’tgiveupuntilherealizedhewaswrong.—Itwas_________herealizedhewaswrong_____hegaveup.4.Hisbeinglatecausedhimtolosehisjob.—Itwas______________thatcausedhimtolosehisjob.5.LucyandLilyaretwins.—It_____LucyandLilywhoaretwins.ItwasthatWhowasthatnotuntilthathis

beinglateis6.Theteacherpraisedhimatthemeeting.—Itwas____thattheteacherpraisedatthemeeting.7.Becauseofthebigfire,thefactoryclosed.—Itwas_________thebigfire_____thefactoryclosed.8.Withgreatdifficultywefoundhishouse.—It______withgreatdifficulty______wefoundhishouse.9.HewenttotheGreatWallonNationalDay.—ItwasonNationalDay______hewenttotheGreatWall.10.Whenhearrivedhome,itbegantorain.—Itwaswhenhearrivedhome______itbegantorain.himbecauseofthatwasthatthatthatInversion

倒裝Fullinversion:謂語+主語Partialinversion:助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語be,do,does,did,have,has,had↓Rule1here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,away,off等表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或方向的單個(gè)副詞＋謂語＋主語FullInversion1.Thebuscomeshere.Here_________________comesthebus.2.Thechildrenwentout.Out__________________wentthechildren.Hecameout.Out___________.hecameRule1Hereyouare.主語是人稱代詞則不倒裝？Rule2表示地點(diǎn)狀語的介詞短語放在句首atthefootof,infrontof,onthetopof…＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋主語FullInversionSo/NeitherNor＋＋主謂So表也是，neither/nor表也不So/neither/nor位于句首構(gòu)成部分倒裝。1.Ilikemusic._________.(他也是)2.Hedidn’tsmoke,_____________________.(也不喝酒)Rule3SodoesheNor/neitherdidhedrinkRule4Only引導(dǎo)狀語放在句首:Onlybydoing,Onlyatthattime,Onlyif,Onlythen,Onlywhen,…＋＋主語助動(dòng)詞主句中1.YoucanlearnEnglishwellonlyinthisway.Only

inthisway2.Herealizedhismistakeonlythen.Only

then3.Wefeltrelievedonlywhenshecameback.Only

whenshecamebackRule2Only引導(dǎo)狀語提前構(gòu)成部分倒裝canyou

learnEnglishwell.didhe

realizehismistake.didwe

feelrelieved.Rule5Rule6Soadj./adv.Suchaadj.+n./adj.+pl.

＋＋主語助動(dòng)詞＋that從句ThisquestionissohardthatIcan’tanswerit.Sohard_____________thatIcan’tanswerit.Hehadsomanytroublesthathefeltnervous.Somanytroubles

__________thathefeltnervous.Itprovedsuchafinedaythatwewentoutside.Suchafineday

____________

thatwewentoutside.

Rule7So…that,such…that結(jié)構(gòu)中的部分倒裝isthequestiondidhe

have

diditprove1.否定副詞:never/hardly/seldom/little…在句首

2.否定意義的介詞短語:innocase/bynomeans/Innoway/onnocondition/undernocircumstances在句首

3.重要句型:notuntil…+助/情/be/+主語notonly+助/情/be/+主語+butalsoNosoonerhad+主語+donethanHardlyhad+主語+donewhenScarcelyhad+主語+donewhen…否定詞位于句首，句子部分倒裝Rule8學(xué)習(xí)虛擬條件句還要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：一.（1）省略if

若虛擬條件句中有were,had,should時(shí)，可省略if而將were,had,should移到句首。如：

Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.

=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.

Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim

=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.

=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitweretorain,thecropswouldbesaved.考題點(diǎn)擊：____fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.

A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube2.________rightaway,youwouldarrivethereby5o’clockp.m.A.WouldyouleaveB.WillyouleaveC.WereyoutoleaveD.Ifyou’llleave3.Hadtheboyworkedharder,he___theexams.A.musthavepassedB.couldpassC.oughttopassD.wouldhavepassed（2）混合虛擬句

虛擬條件句與主句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間有時(shí)不一致，要注意主從句謂語形式。條件句主句

將來weretodowould/should/mightdoshoulddodid

現(xiàn)在didwould/should/mightdo

過去haddonewould/should/mighthavedone1.Ifyouhadfinishedwritingthebooklastmonth,itwouldbepublishednextmonth.2.Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.3.Ifyouhadmethimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.混合虛擬條件句:真題回顧：1.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI___inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall2.---Jenny,howwasyourtriptoBeijing?---Oh,Imissedit.IwishI____myvocationthere.A.amspendingB.willspendC.havespentD.hadspent3.---Robintoldmethathewouldleavetonight.---Whatapity!Mybrotherwishesthathe___withhimforachat.A.canstayB.willstayC.hadstayedD.wouldstay（3）含蓄虛擬條件句

有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來，而是通過一個(gè)介詞來表示或通過上下文或其他方式表示如“butfor”，“without”及“butthat”“exceptfor”和“supposing”“otherwise'等表示含蓄的虛擬：

Butforyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.

Withoutthemoney,Iwouldnotbealivenow.

Supposingtherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.Shewouldleaveherhusbandexceptforchildren.如果沒有孩子的話,她就會(huì)離開她的丈夫的考題點(diǎn)擊：1.Whatakindteacher!Butforyourhelp,I____mystudy.A.wouldn’tfinishB.wouldn’thavefinishedC.shouldn’thavefinishedD.mustn’thavefinished2.Isupportedhimintime,otherwisehe____offthebike.A.mightfall B.wouldfallC.shouldhavefallenD.wouldhavefallen3.Withoutliberation，we________anewlife.A.wouldnotbeginB.wouldnothavebeenbegunC.hadnotbegunD.wouldnothavebegunifonly過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)

對過去虛擬

對現(xiàn)在虛擬could+完成時(shí)（4）ifonly從句

ifonly要是...該多好啊;真希望...;只要...就好IfonlyMarxwerestillbymysidetoseethiswithhisowneyes.Ifonlyweallhavegotmorethan140inlastexam.3.Ifonlywecouldliveforeverwithoutdying.would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形對將來虛擬比較ifonly與onlyif,onlyif表示“只有”；Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.考題點(diǎn)擊：

1.Ifonlygrandmother____thistogetherwithusnow.A.willseeB.couldseeC.mustseeD.shouldsee2._____Chang’eIVhadbeensenttospaceearlier.A.IfonlyB.NowthatC.WiththehelpD.Inspiteofthat3.Ifonlyhe___quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie(lie躺，lay,lain)二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1.wish后面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望。其表達(dá)形式一般是將從句的謂語動(dòng)詞退后一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。例如:1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:

wish+(that)+did(were)

IwishIwereasyoungasyou.IwishthatIhadavilla.2)與過去事實(shí)相反:

wish+(that)+haddoneIwishyouallhadhandedinyourhomeworkyesterday.3)與將來事實(shí)相反

:wish+would/could/might+doIwishweallwouldliveonthemoononeday.2.在某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中需用should+動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語氣形式?！皊hould”可省略。常見動(dòng)詞有:一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist;兩個(gè)命令：order,command;三條建議：suggest,advise,propose;四項(xiàng)要求：demand,request,require,desire(ask;urge)注意:suggest表“暗示,表明”時(shí),

insist表“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)不用虛擬語氣。Heorderedthatthestudents(should)arriveatschoolontimeeveryday.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)takemedicineimmediately.真題回顧：Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takes B.hastotakeC.musttake D.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold3.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking____inthelibrary.A.shouldallowB.beallowedC.willbeallowedD.isallowed三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣基本句型：

1.Itbe+過去分詞+that…+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形+…過去分詞：suggested,requested,ordered,proposed,demanded,arranged,desired,advisedItisrequiredthatnobody(should)usecellphonehere.

It’ssuggestedthateverybody(should)haveP.Eclass.2.Itbe+形容詞+that…+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形+…形容詞:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising…Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalkaftereachmeal.It'simportantthatwe(should)managetimeefficiently.Howstrangethatyoushouldnothaveheardit!Itisquitenaturalthatsheshouldsucceed.3.Itbe+名詞（apity/ashame/nowonder）that…+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形+…Itseemssuchapitythatyoushouldhavetospendthedayindoor.Itisaburningshamethatlittlechildrenshouldhavetobeginthestreet.Itisnowonderthatsheshouldnotcareaboutyou.四、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.

1)表語從句:2)同位語從句:Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.考題點(diǎn)擊：Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.

A.try B.tries C.musttryD.cantry2.Hegaveanadvicethatthey____eachother.A.helpedB.musthelpC.helpD.hadhelped3.Mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople___theretohelpme.A.besentB.havesentC.sentD.shouldsentasif/asthough過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)Would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形對過去虛擬對現(xiàn)在虛擬對將來虛擬Eg.Theytalkedasifthey_________（be）friendsforyears.Shetakescareoftheorphanasifhe_________(be)herownchild.Itlooksasifitmightrain.五、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣hadbeenwere考題點(diǎn)擊：1.Wefeltasifwe_____eachotherforyears.A.knewB.wereknowingC.hadknownD.haveknown2.Itissowarmasifit_____autumn.A.beB.wasC.wereD.hadbeen幾種特殊句式的虛擬語氣:wouldrather+dosomething(寧愿做某事)wouldrather+句子(虛擬)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)對過去虛擬對現(xiàn)在虛擬對將來虛擬Iwouldratheryou__________(post)theletterrightaway.Iwouldratheryou______________(return)thebookyesterday.Don’tcometomorrow.I’dratheryou____________(come)nextweekend.I’drathershehadn’tdonethat.postedhadreturnedcameItis(high,about,low)timethat一般過去時(shí)should+動(dòng)詞原形此處的should一般不省略注意:此句型與下面的句型的區(qū)別:Itistimeforsomebodytodosomething.Itisthefirsttimethat從句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Itwasthefirsttimethat從句過去完成時(shí)1.Itistimeforus______(have)dinner.2.Itis(about/high)timethatwe_____(have)dinner.3.Itisthefirstthathe______(go)there.4.Itwasthefirsttimethathe________(go)there.tohavehadhasgonehadgone即學(xué)即練：Wouldyoumind+if從句中謂語動(dòng)詞一般用一般過去時(shí).WouldyoumindifI__________(open)thewindow?如果我打開窗戶,你不反對嗎?DoyoumindifI_______(smoke)here?我在這兒抽煙，你介意嗎?注意:Woul