湖南省邵陽市武岡市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題【含答案解析】

2024年下學(xué)期期中考試試卷高二英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷考試時(shí)量120分鐘，滿分150分;2.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上;3.請(qǐng)將答案填寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效，請(qǐng)勿折疊答題卡，答題卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改膠和貼紙，保持字體工整、筆跡清晰、卡面清潔。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，共7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whichanimalwouldwinajumpingcontestaccordingtothewoman?A.Afrog.B.Arabbit.C.Akangaroo.2.Whoisthewomantalkingto?A.Aworkman.B.Aco-worker.C.Herhusband.3.Whatisimportanttotheman?A.Thecost.B.Thetime.C.Theairline.4.What’stheweatherlike?A.Cool.B.Cold.C.Warm.5.Whatisthemanlikelytodo?A.Dropoutofschool.B.Trytogetascholarship.C.Continuehisstudies.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whydoesthemanwanttoleavehispresentjob?A.Hewantsahighsalary.B.Heneedstogotoschoolatnight.CHeprefersafull-timejob.7.Whatisthemaninterestedin?A.Computergames.B.TravelC.Languageteaching.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdidthewomanbringwithher?A.Ajacket.B.AnumbrellaC.Acarkey.9.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheweatherreports?A.Theyrarelylie.B.Theyarenotreliable.C.Theyarealwaysaccurate.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthemansuggestthewomanbuytheblackshoes?A.They’recool.B.They’recheap.C.They’recomfortable.11.Howmuchdoesapairofpinkshoescost?A.10dollars.B.15dollars.C.20dollars.12.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Tokeepheroldshoes.B.Tobuythewhiteshoes.C.Toturntohermotherforhelp.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Sisterandbrother.C.Motherandson.14.WhatpetdoesCathyhave?A.Adog.B.Aparrot.C.Acat.15.Whydoesthewomanrefusetobuyrabbits?A.Theyareugly.B.Theyaresmelly.C.Theyarehardtolookafter.16.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.HaveatalkwithRobert.B.Buyasnakeasapet.C.Gotothemarket.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisunderrepairnow?A.Theroof.B.Theentrancehall.C.Theoutsidewalls.18.Whichroomcontainstheattractiveceiling?A.Thebedroom.B.Themusicroom.C.Thediningroom.19.Whichplaceprovidesfoodeveryday?A.Thekitchen.B.Thegarden.C.Thetearoom.20.Howmuchistheticketfora10-year-oldchild?A.?3.50.B.?5.50.C.?7.00.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AExcitingChangesComingCheckoutthehighlightsattheParis2024OlympicGames:NewscoringrulesOlympicskateboardinghastwodisciplines:parkandstreet.Parkcourseslooklikelargepoolswithrampswhereathletesperformtricksduringtworunwhilestreetcoursescreaterailsandstepsforathletestocompletetimedrunsandperformgreattricks.Therewillalsobeanew“scoringrefusal”rule.Withthisrule,skaterscannowcancelatrick’sscore.Thisway,competitorscantellthejudgestoignoreapreviousattemptatatricksotheycandoabetterjobandachieveahigherscore.NewformatDoyouthinksportclimbingisjustaboutbeingfaster?Notreally.IntheOlympics,itincludesthreedisciplines:bouldering(攀石),speedandlead.Speedclimbingistheonlydisciplinewherefasterisbetter.Leadclimbingrequiresathletestoclimbwallsover15metreshighinsixminutes,thehigherthebetter.Asforbouldering,athletesclimba4.5-metre-highrockwallinalimitedperiodoftimeandinthefewestattemptspossible.InTokyo,athletescompetedinallthreedisciplines,withtotalscoresreflectingcombinedperformances.ForParis2024,therewillbetwodistinctOlympicclimbingevents.Onewillbeacombinedcompetitionofboulderingandleadevents,andthesecondwillfeatureaspeedevent.NewsportBreakingwillmakeitsOlympicdebutattheParisOlympicGames.ItisatypeofstreetdancethatstartedinNewYorkinthe1970s.It’spartofhip-popcultureandincludestoughmoveslikespinsandflips.Itwillfeature16malesand16femalesbornbyDec31,2008.Theywillcompeteinone-on-onebattlestomusicrandomlychosenbyaDJ.Theparticipantswillbejudgedonfiveaspects:musicality,performance,originality,techniqueandexecution.1.Whyisa“scoringrefusal”ruleintroducedinOlympicskateboarding?A.Toperformmoretricks. B.Tochangedisciplines.C.Toencouragebetterperformance. D.Toquestionjudges.2.Inwhicheventspeedistheonlyjudgingstandard?A.Boulderingclimbing. B.Speedclimbing.C.LeadClimbing. D.Parkskateboarding.3.Whichofthefollowingisthefeatureofbreaking?A.It’sopentoallagegroups. B.It’satraditionalOlympicevent.C.Athletescompetetospecificmusic. D.Itcombinesmusic,danceandstrength.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要講述了2024年巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)的三個(gè)亮點(diǎn)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Newscoringrules下的“Therewillalsobeanew“scoringrefusal”rule.Withthisrule,skaterscannowcancelatrick’sscore.Thisway,competitorscantellthejudgestoignoreapreviousattemptatatricksotheycandoabetterjobandachieveahigherscore.(還將有一條新的“評(píng)分拒絕”規(guī)則。根據(jù)此規(guī)則，滑冰者現(xiàn)在可以取消技巧的分?jǐn)?shù)。這樣，參賽者可以告訴裁判忽略之前的技巧嘗試，這樣他們就可以做得更好并獲得更高的分?jǐn)?shù)。)”可知，在奧運(yùn)會(huì)滑板比賽中引入“拒絕評(píng)分”規(guī)則是為了鼓勵(lì)更好的表現(xiàn)，故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Newformat下的“Speedclimbingistheonlydisciplinewherefasterisbetter.(速度攀巖是唯一一項(xiàng)速度越快越好的項(xiàng)目。)”可知，速度攀巖是唯一以速度為評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的項(xiàng)目，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Newsport下的“It’spartofhip-popcultureandincludestoughmoveslikespinsandflips.(它是嘻哈流行文化的一部分，包括旋轉(zhuǎn)和翻轉(zhuǎn)等高難度動(dòng)作。)”可知，breaking的特點(diǎn)是它結(jié)合了音樂、舞蹈和力量，故選D項(xiàng)。BIn1885,ayoungdoctornamedConanDoyleopenedofficesinLondon.Hewantedtobeasuccessfuldoctor,butforsomereasonsheneverfoundenoughpatients.Topassthetime,hebegantowritestoriesandsendthemtothenewspapers.ConanDoyle’sstorieswereaboutacleverdetective,SherlockHolmes.ConanDoylewrotethatSherlockHolmeslivedinBakerStreetinLondon,andpeoplewithproblemscametohimforhelp.EvenpolicedetectivescametoSherlockHolmeswiththeirproblems,too.HewasabletosolvemysteriesthatthecleverestpolicemeninEnglandwereunabletofigureout.SometimesSherlockHolmescouldsolveamysterywithoutleavinghischair.Helistenedcarefullytotheinformationhisclient(委托人)gaveandfiguredouttheanswer.Atothertimeshespentdaysorweekslookingforclues.SherlockHolmestraveledtodifferentcitiesandcountriestosolvethemysteries.Sometimesheworedisguises,pretendingtobeanoldman,orasailor.Holmesdidanythingtofindouttheanswertothemysterieshewasworkingon.HisbestfriendDr.Watsonkepthimcompany(陪伴)onmostofhisadventures.SherlockHolmesisthemostfamousdetectiveinEnglishliterature,butmanypeopledon’tunderstandthatheisafictionalcharacter,notarealperson.TheEnglishpostofficesreportthatpeoplestillsendmailtoSherlockHolmesinBakerStreet.Evenhegetsmorethan2,000letterseveryyear.4.ConanDoylebegantowritestoriesperhapsbecause______.A.hehadplentyoftimeB.hewantedtomakemoremoneyC.mostpeoplewerestrongatthetimeD.hewantedtotellsomethingabouthispatients5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.manypeopleaskedConanDoyletosolvetheirmysteriesB.ConanDoylegotalotofexperienceinsolvingmysteriesC.ConanDoylewasapersonwithgreatliteraryqualityandtalentD.ConanDoylewasabletohelpthosewhocametoseehimwiththeirproblems6.Thephrase“woredisguises”inthesecondparagraphmeans______.A.introducedoneself B.seemedtobepoorandhelplessC.wasinoldclothes D.changedone’sclothesorone’sappearance7.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.In1885,ayoungdoctornamedConanDoyleopenedofficesinParis.B.ThecharacterConanDoylewroteaboutwasthoughttobearealpersonbymanypeople.C.Toearnalotofmoney,ConanDoylebegantowritestories.D.SherlockHolmesisstilllivinginBakerStreetandgetsmorethan2,000letters.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要講述了醫(yī)生ConanDoyle為了打發(fā)時(shí)間開始寫故事，他創(chuàng)作的小說里的人物非常成功，非常吸引人，以至于人們認(rèn)為這個(gè)人物是真實(shí)存在的?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Topassthetime,hebegantowritestoriesandsendthemtothenewspapers.(為了打發(fā)時(shí)間，他便開始寫故事，并將寫的故事發(fā)送到報(bào)社里)”可知，ConanDoyle開始寫故事可能是因?yàn)闀r(shí)間太多了，為了打發(fā)時(shí)間。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“SherlockHolmesisthemostfamousdetectiveinEnglishliterature,butmanypeopledon’tunderstandthatheisafictionalcharacter,notarealperson.(SherlockHolmes是英國文學(xué)史上有名的人物，但是很多人不知道他只是一個(gè)小說人物，并非真實(shí)存在的人)”可知，ConanDoyle創(chuàng)作的人物讓人們以為是真實(shí)存在的人物。由此推知，ConanDoyle是一個(gè)文學(xué)素養(yǎng)和文學(xué)天賦很高的人。故選C。【6題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Sometimesheworedisguises,pretendingtobeanoldman,orasailor.Holmesdidanythingtofindouttheanswertothemysterieshewasworkingon.(有時(shí)他會(huì)喬裝打扮一下，假裝自己是一個(gè)老人，或者一個(gè)水手。為了找出事實(shí)的真相，他可以做任何事)”可知，此處后文“pretendingtobeanoldman,orasailor(假裝成一個(gè)老年人或者一個(gè)水手)”是對(duì)“woredisguises”的解釋。由此推知，劃線詞組“woredisguises”意思是“喬裝打扮”。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“TheEnglishpostofficesreportthatpeoplestillsendmailtoSherlockHolmesinBakerStreet.Evenhegetsmorethan2,000letterseveryyear.(郵差說不少的人一直給SherlockHolmes寄信，每年他會(huì)受到2000多封信)”可知，ConanDoyle創(chuàng)作的小說人物SherlockHolmes，被很多人誤解為真實(shí)存在的人。故選B。CNearlyeveryweek,wehearnewsaboutthelatestsuccessesandfailuresindriverlessvehicles.Butwehearlittleabouthowotherindustriesaredevelopingthissamekindoftechnology.Oneindustryheavilyinvolvedinresearchinganddevelopingartificialintelligence,orAI,isagriculture.Companiesareexperimentingwithhigh-techtoolsthatcanhelpfarmerssavetimeandmoney,whilereducingenvironment-harmingchemicals.OneofthecompaniesisecoRobotixofSwitzerLand.ItcreatedarobotequippedwithAIandcamerastoidentifyallplantsonafarm.Therobothasfourwheelstocarryitthroughthefieldsinsearchofweeds.Computer-controlledarmsthenlowerandspraytheweedswithsmallamountsofherbicide(除草劑).Companyofficialssaytherobotcanfullyoperateonitsownforupto12hoursadaywhilebeingpoweredbythesun.Itusesthesamekindofsensorandpositioningtechnologyusedtoguidedriverlessvehicles.Afarmercanalsocontroltheequipmentthroughasmart-phone.Theco-founderofecoRobotix,AurelienDemaurex,saysthefarmrobotcankillweedswith20times1essherbicidethantraditionalmethods.Thisisbecausethesystemusesexactlytherightamountofchemicalintheexactplacerequiredtokilltheweeds.Currently,farmersspreadweedkillersovermassiveareastodestroyunwantedplants.AnothercompanydevelopingfarmroboticsisCalifornia-basedBlueRiverTechnology.Thecompanyhasasystemcalled"See&Spray",whichitclaimswastheworld'sfirstsmartsprayer.Thesystem-whichconnectstothebackofatractor-isalsoequippedwithAItoidentifyandchemicallykillonlytheweeds.Itcanalsospraychemicalsonwantedplantstohelpthemgrow.BenChostner,vice-presidentofbusinessdevelopmentforBlueRiverTechnology,explainsinacompanyvideothatSee&Spraytechnologyusesthesamedeeplearningmethodsusedinfacialrecognition."Thefirsttimethemachinesawapigweed,itdidn'tknowwhatkindofplantitwas.Butwetaughtit-bygivingittensofthousandsofexamplesofthatpigweed-andnowit'sanexpertinpigweed."8.HowwillAIbenefitagriculture?A.Itwillfundagricultureresearch.B.Itcontributestolow-costfarming.C.Itcanavoidharmfulchemicals.D.Itfreesallfarmersfromfieldwork.9.Whatdotheproductsofthetwocompanieshaveincommon?ATheyuserecognitiontechnology.B.Theyarepoweredbysolarenergy.C.Theyareconnectedwithsmartphones.D.Theycanhelpwantedplantsgrowrapidly.10.WhatdoBenChostner'swordssuggestabouttherobot?A.Itisenvironmentally-friendly.B.Itisgoodatself-improving.C.Ithasthelearningability.D.Itcantrackvariousplants.11.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext？A.Theexperimentinfarmingrobots.B.Newtrendinartificialintelligence.C.ModernSee&Spraytechnology.D.Artificialintelligenceinagriculture.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。農(nóng)業(yè)是研究和開發(fā)人工智能的重要行業(yè)之一。文章介紹了兩家公司正在開發(fā)的高科技工具，可以幫助農(nóng)民節(jié)省時(shí)間和金錢，同時(shí)減少對(duì)環(huán)境有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。答案定位在第一段Oneindustryheavilyinvolvedinresearchinganddevelopingartificialintelligence,orAI,isagriculture.Companiesareexperimentingwithhigh-techtoolsthatcanhelpfarmerssavetimeandmoney,whilereducingenvironment-harmingchemicals.（農(nóng)業(yè)是研究和開發(fā)人工智能的重要行業(yè)之一。公司正在試驗(yàn)高科技工具，可以幫助農(nóng)民節(jié)省時(shí)間和金錢，同時(shí)減少對(duì)環(huán)境有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。）由此推斷出，人工智能通過降低成本造福農(nóng)業(yè)，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第二段OneofthecompaniesisecoRobotixofSwitzerLand,ItcreatedarobotequippedwithAIandcamerastoidentifyallplantsonafarm（其中一家公司是瑞士的ecoRobotix，它創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)配備人工智能和攝像頭的機(jī)器人，可以識(shí)別農(nóng)場(chǎng)里的所有植物）和最后一段Thesystem-whichconnectstothebackofatractor-isalsoequippedwithAItoidentifyandchemicallykillonlytheweeds.（該系統(tǒng)連接到拖拉機(jī)的后部，也配備了人工智能來識(shí)別和化學(xué)殺滅雜草。）可知，這兩家公司的產(chǎn)品的共同之處是他們使用識(shí)別技術(shù)，故選A。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。答案定位在最后一段BenChostner,vice-presidentofbusinessdevelopmentforBlueRiverTechnology,explainsinacompanyvideothatSee&Spraytechnologyusesthesamedeeplearningmethodsusedinfacialrecognition."Thefirsttimethemachinesawapigweed,itdidn'tknowwhatkindofplantitwas.Butwetaughtit-bygivingittensofthousandsofexamplesofthatpigweed-andnowit'sanexpertinpigweed."（BlueRiverTechnology負(fù)責(zé)業(yè)務(wù)開發(fā)的副總BenChostner在一段公司視頻中解釋稱，See&SprayTechnology使用了與人臉識(shí)別相同的深度學(xué)習(xí)方法?！皺C(jī)器第一次看到雜草時(shí)，它不知道那是什么植物。但是我們通過給它成千上萬的例子來教它——現(xiàn)在它是豬草方面的專家?！保┯纱送茢喑?，BenChostner的話表明這個(gè)機(jī)器人有學(xué)習(xí)能力，故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。第一段Oneindustryheavilyinvolvedinresearchinganddevelopingartificialintelligence,orAI,isagriculture.（農(nóng)業(yè)是研究和開發(fā)人工智能(AI)的重要行業(yè)之一。）是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要講了農(nóng)業(yè)中的人工智能，故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】推理判斷題要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語氣等，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。小題3，答案定位在最后一段BenChostner,vice-presidentofbusinessdevelopmentforBlueRiverTechnology,explainsinacompanyvideothatSee&SpraytechnologyusesthesamedeepLearningmethodsusedinfacialrecognition."Thefirsttimethemachinesawapigweed,itdidn'tknowwhatkindofplantitwas.Butwetaughtit-bygivingittensofthousandsofexamplesofthatpigweed-andnowit'sanexpertinpigweed."（BlueRiverTechnology負(fù)責(zé)業(yè)務(wù)開發(fā)的副BenChostner在一段公司視頻中解釋稱，See&SprayTechnology使用了與人臉識(shí)別相同的深度學(xué)習(xí)方法?！皺C(jī)器第一次看到雜草時(shí)，它不知道那是什么植物。但是我們通過給它成千上萬的例子來教它——現(xiàn)在它是豬草方面的專家?！保┯纱送茢喑?，BenChostner的話表明這個(gè)機(jī)器人有學(xué)習(xí)能力，故選C。DWaterpoisoningiscausedbytoomuchconsumptionofwaterduringashortperiodoftime.Waterinandofitselfisnotpoisonousbyanymeans,butrapidintakeofalargequantityofwatercanbreakthecarefulbalanceofsodium(鈉)inthebodyfluids(體液).Thiscontributestoaswellingofthecells,ofteninthecentralnervoussystem,includingthebrain.Whenthecellscannolongerbearthepressure,theycanbegintodie.Thisisindicatedinseriousformsofwaterpoisoning.Symptomsofthisconditionincludevomiting,headacheandunresponsiveness.Whenthesodiuminthebloodfallstodangerouslevels,braindamageandpossiblydeathmayoccur.Whatisafatal(致命的)amountofwatercanvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonone’sstateofhealth,hisorherphysicalactivityatthetime,thetemperatureandtheamountoftimeinwhichthepersonconsumesthewater.Forsome,aone-timeconsumptionofthreeliterscanprovedeadly.Althoughthepersonconsumingthewatermaylosealotoffluidduringheavylabororexercise,theelectrolytes(電解質(zhì))arenotreplacedfastenoughtoavoidwaterpoisoning.Thoseparticularlyatriskforwaterpoisoningareathletesengagedinlongdistancerunninglikeamarathon.Duetotheneedtoreplacelargequantitiesoflostfluid,runnersmustdrinkalotofwater.Thiscanleadtopoisoning,sorunnersmustreplacetheirfluidswithsportsdrinksthathaveaddedelectrolytes.Otherfactorsthatcontributetowaterpoisoningincludeactivitiesthatstimulateheavysweating.Thepersonworkingunderextremeheatorintensehumidity(濕氣)mustbecarefulwhenconsumingwaterinordertomaintainelectrolytebalance.Mentaldiseasescanalsoleadtowaterpoisoning.Psychogenicpolydipsiaisaconditioninwhichtheaffectedpersonfeelsaneedtodrinkalotofwaterforunknownreasons.12.Whatharmdoeswaterpoisoningbring?A.Itcanaffectbrainfunction. B.Itdisturbsthebalanceofsodium.C.Itcausesadropinbloodpressure. D.Ittendstomakeitsvictimsnervous.13.Whatcanweknowaboutproperamountofwatertodrink?A.Threelitersperdayisdeadly. B.Nosinglerulefitseveryone.C.Itdoesn’tbotherhealthypeople. D.Physicalactivityisitsdecisivefactor.14.Whowouldprobablyfallvictimtowaterpoisoning?A.Apatientsufferingfromstomachache.B.Alaborerworkingwithheavysweating.C.Anathletefondofdrinkingsportsdrinks.DAteenagerdoingappropriateexercisedaily.15.Whatmightbediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Whathasbeenfoundaboutsportsdrinks.B.Whatelsecontributestowaterpoisoning.C.Whatarethesymptomsofwaterpoisoning.D.Whatcanbedonetoavoidwaterpoisoning.【答案】12.A13.B14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了水中毒的危害、致病原因、致病人群以及如何避免水中毒。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Thiscontributestoaswellingofthecells,ofteninthecentralnervoussystem,includingthebrain.(這會(huì)導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞腫脹，通常在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，包括大腦。)”根據(jù)第二段“Whenthesodiuminthebloodfallstodangerouslevels,braindamageandpossiblydeathmayoccur.”（當(dāng)血液中的鈉降至危險(xiǎn)水平時(shí)，可能會(huì)發(fā)生腦損傷，甚至死亡。）可知，水中毒會(huì)影響中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，即影響大腦的功能。故選A。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Whatisafatal(致命)amountofwatercanvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonone’sstateofhealth,hisorherphysicalactivityatthetime,thetemperatureandtheamountoftimeinwhichthepersonconsumesthewater.(什么是致命的水量可能因人而異，具體取決于一個(gè)人的健康狀況、他或她當(dāng)時(shí)的身體活動(dòng)、溫度和人消耗水的時(shí)間。)”可知，合適的飲水量是沒有一定的規(guī)律的，因人而異，故選B。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“Otherfactorsthatcontributetowaterpoisoningincludeactivitiesthatstimulateheavysweating.Thepersonworkingunderextremeheatorintensehumidity(濕氣)mustbecarefulwhenconsumingwaterinordertomaintainelectrolytebalance.(導(dǎo)致水中毒的其他因素包括刺激大量出汗的活動(dòng)。在極端高溫或強(qiáng)濕下工作的人在飲水時(shí)必須小心，以保持電解質(zhì)平衡。)”可知，搬運(yùn)工等劇烈出汗的人比較容易患上水中毒，故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thoseparticularlyatriskforwaterpoisoningareathletesengagedinlongdistancerunninglikeamarathon.(那些特別容易發(fā)生水中毒的人是像馬拉松一樣進(jìn)行長跑的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。)”以及“Mentaldiseasescanalsoleadtowaterpoisoning.Psychogenicpolydipsiaisaconditioninwhichtheaffectedpersonfeelsaneedtodrinkalotofwaterforunknownreasons.(精神疾病也會(huì)導(dǎo)致水中毒。精神性多飲癥是指受影響的人因未知原因感到需要大量飲水的情況。)”可知推斷接下來文章會(huì)討論的是如何避免水中毒，故選D。第二節(jié)七選五(共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Radarisanelectronicdevicethatdetectsplanes,ships,coastlines,landmarks,andevenstormclouds.Thenameradarcomesfromthefirstlettersofthewords“radiodirectionandranging”.Asthehumaneyeuseslightwavestosee,radar“sees”withradiowaves.Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.____16____Inthe1800sitwasdiscoveredthatradiowavescouldbereflectedfromobjects.Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar._____17_____Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflict(沖突)sincethen.Echoesmakeitpossibleforradartowork.Whenabeamofradiowavesissentout,itstrikesanobjectandreturnsanecho.Thisechoispickedupbyradarandrecordedonascreensimilartotelevisionscreens.Onthescreenanobserverseesaflashandthatcanshowthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject._____18_____Airportcontroltowersuseradartoguideplanesinforsafelandings.Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships._____19_____Weatherforecasters“see”thesize,direction,andspeedofstormsonradarscreens.Astronomerscanevenuseradartomeasureaccuratelythedistancefromtheearthtothemoon.Thus,thedevicehashelpedachievemajoradvancements._____20_____Itguardsusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballisticmissile(彈道導(dǎo)彈)warningsystemsthatcanwarnusagainstattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000milesaway.Otherradarsystemscanalsowarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites.A.Themeasurementisnowhighlyaccurate.B.Policetrackspeedersinradar-equippedcars.C.Thedevicecanbeusedinawiderangeoffields.D.Itisthereforeespeciallyvaluabletoshippersandtravelers.E.DuringWorldWarIImanycountriesusedradareffectively.F.Todayradarisusedbycommercialairlinersandweatherforecasters.G.Strengtheningnationaldefenseisoneofradar’smostimportantfunctions.【答案】16.D17.E18.A19.B20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了雷達(dá)的重要性、發(fā)明過程以及應(yīng)用情況?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.(沒有雷達(dá)，飛機(jī)就不能在惡劣天氣中安全著陸，船只就不能在濃霧中安全航行)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，說明雷達(dá)的重要性，D選項(xiàng)中It指代上文radar。故D選項(xiàng)“因此，它對(duì)托運(yùn)人和旅行者特別有價(jià)值”符合語境，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Inthe1800sitwasdiscoveredthatradiowavescouldbereflectedfromobjects.Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar.(在19世紀(jì)，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)無線電波可以被物體反射。但直到20世紀(jì)30年代，當(dāng)世界受到戰(zhàn)爭威脅時(shí)，科學(xué)家們才在雷達(dá)研究方面取得了重大進(jìn)展)”以及后文“Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflict(沖突)sincethen.(從那時(shí)起，它幾乎在每一次沖突中都被廣泛使用)”可知，上文提到了雷達(dá)研究取得重大進(jìn)展，后文提到了廣泛使用，故本句是在說明雷達(dá)被應(yīng)用的情況，故E選項(xiàng)“在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，許多國家有效地使用了雷達(dá)”符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Echoesmakeitpossibleforradartowork.Whenabeamofradiowavesissentout,itstrikesanobjectandreturnsanecho.Thisechoispickedupbyradarandrecordedonascreensimilartotelevisionscreens.Onthescreenanobserverseesaflashandthatcanshowthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject.(回聲使雷達(dá)工作成為可能。當(dāng)一束無線電波發(fā)出時(shí)，它擊中一個(gè)物體并返回一個(gè)回聲。這種回聲被雷達(dá)接收并記錄在類似電視屏幕的屏幕上。觀察者在屏幕上看到一個(gè)閃光，它可以顯示物體的方向和距離)”可知，上文提到了在屏幕上觀察者會(huì)看到一束光，這表明了物體的方向和距離。故空處應(yīng)該是對(duì)測(cè)量結(jié)果的評(píng)價(jià)，說明測(cè)量的結(jié)果是高度準(zhǔn)確的。故A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的測(cè)量非常精確”符合語境，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Airportcontroltowersuseradartoguideplanesinforsafelandings.Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships.(機(jī)場(chǎng)控制塔使用雷達(dá)引導(dǎo)飛機(jī)安全著陸。幾乎所有的大型船只都依靠雷達(dá)來防止與冰山或其他船只相撞)”以及后文“Weatherforecasters“see”thesize,direction,andspeedofstormsonradarscreens.Astronomerscanevenuseradartomeasureaccuratelythedistancefromtheearthtothemoon.Thus,thedevicehashelpedachievemajoradvancements.(天氣預(yù)報(bào)員在雷達(dá)屏幕上“看到”風(fēng)暴的大小、方向和速度。天文學(xué)家甚至可以用雷達(dá)精確測(cè)量地球到月球的距離。因此，該設(shè)備幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)了重大進(jìn)步)”可知，此段主要介紹了雷達(dá)在不同領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用?？仗幥昂蠖际桥e例，故本句主要是雷達(dá)在其他行業(yè)中應(yīng)用的例子，故B選項(xiàng)“警察用裝有雷達(dá)的汽車跟蹤超速者”符合語境，故選B。【20題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Itguardsusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballisticmissile(彈道導(dǎo)彈)warningsystemsthatcanwarnusagainstattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000milesaway.Otherradarsystemscanalsowarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites.(它保護(hù)我們免受敵人可能的攻擊。我們有彈道導(dǎo)彈預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)導(dǎo)彈在1000英里以外的地方襲擊時(shí)，它可以警告我們。其他雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)也可以警告我們敵人的飛機(jī)，甚至是間諜空間衛(wèi)星)”可知，本段主要講了雷達(dá)也可用于國防領(lǐng)域。故G選項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)國防是雷達(dá)最重要的功能之一”符合語境，故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié);滿分30分)第一節(jié)(本題有15小題，每小題1分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從短文后所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng).I’mnotallowedtotouchthemoonrocks.ThisisthelabwheretheJohnsonSpaceCenter____21____theoriginalsamplesthattheApolloastronauts____22____totheearthdecadesago.AsIstareattherocksthroughglass,Charis,mytourguide,saysina____23____voice:Notouchingthemoonrocks.Before____24____thiscleanroom,Iremoveallmyjewelry.MyguideandIcoverourshoeswithblue-paperbootiesandstepintofull-bodyjumpsuits.Wethen____25____glovesandahaircover.Finally,wespendafullminutestandinginanairshower,underasteadylightwind____26____fromceilingtofloorto____27____usofanyfinedust.Insidethecleanroom,therocksarekeptin____28____,pressurizedcontainers.Onlyfivesampleprocessorsintheworldgettoroutinelyhandlethese____29____stones.Theypreserveandpreparethesamplesforstudies.TopickupanApollorock,theymustusespecialtools,followingprettystrict____30____abouttouchingsamples.Allthe____31____istoprotectthe382kilogramsofrocksliftedfromthemoon.“Onebig____32____beliefisthattheApollosamplesaren’tbeingstudiedanymoreandthattheyonlytellusaboutthemoon,”saysCharis.“Neitherofthoseistrue.”Keepingpricelesssamplesawayfromcurious____33____allowedscientiststomakeoneofthemostsurprisinglunar____34____ofthelast50years:Themooniswet.Thosesamplesarestillofferingfreshdetailsabouthowthe____35____—andtheentiresolarsystem—formedanddeveloped.21.A.accumulates B.stores C.tests D.analyzes22.A.brought B.sent C.donated D.introduced23.A.thoughtful B.sensitive C.eager D.firm24.A.leaving B.inspecting C.entering D.observing25.A.reachfor B.dealwith C.puton D.inquireabout26.A.blowing B.shooting C.sweeping D.rising27.A.warn B.assure C.remind D.clear28.A.useful B.secure C.empty D.new29.A.precious B.strange C.clean D.previous30.A.schedules B.laws C.rules D.orders31.A.effort B.sacrifice C.arrangement D.reform32.A.uncommon B.contradictory C.impractical D.mistaken33.A.minds B.looks C.fingers D.questions34.A.attempts B.fortune C.reservation D.discoveries35.A.sun B.moon C.earth D.universe【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.C26.A27.D28.B29.A30.C31.A32.D33.C34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了阿波羅任務(wù)帶回地球的月球巖石的保存和研究過程?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是休斯頓太空中心儲(chǔ)存阿波羅宇航員幾十年前帶回地球的原始樣品的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。A.

accumulates積累；B.

stores儲(chǔ)存；C.

tests測(cè)試；D.

analyzes分析。根據(jù)后文“theoriginalsamples”可知，此處指儲(chǔ)存月球巖石樣品。故選B。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.

brought帶來；B.

sent發(fā)送；C.

donated捐獻(xiàn)；D.

introduced介紹。根據(jù)后文“totheearthdecadesago”和背景常識(shí)，可知阿波羅宇航員將月球巖石帶回地球。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我透過玻璃凝視著巖石時(shí)，我的導(dǎo)游查理斯用堅(jiān)定的聲音說：不要觸摸月球巖石。A.

thoughtful體貼的;

B.

sensitive敏感的;

C.

eager渴望的;

D.

firm堅(jiān)定的。根據(jù)句意及后文“Notouchingthemoonrocks”可知，這里表達(dá)我的導(dǎo)游查理斯用堅(jiān)定的聲音說。故選D。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：進(jìn)入這個(gè)潔凈室之前，我要摘掉所有的首飾。A.

leaving離開；B.

inspecting檢查；C.

entering進(jìn)入；D.

observing觀察。根據(jù)后文“Iremoveallmyjewelry.MyguideandIcoverourshoeswithblue-paperbootiesandstepintofull-bodyjumpsuits.

”可知，此處指進(jìn)入潔凈室之前的步驟。故選C。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我和我的導(dǎo)游給鞋子套上藍(lán)色紙