高中階段所有從句

高中階段所有從句課件句子結(jié)構(gòu)

按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)劃分，句子分為簡單句、并列句、復合句三種。一、簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語），句子各個成分都是由單詞或短語表示，這樣的句子稱為簡單句。簡單一般分為以下五類：S+V：Thesunrisesintheeast.S+V+O：Mybrotherboughtanewcellphone.S+V+P：Thegrassturnsgreen.S+V+Oi+Od：Myfathergavemeagift.S+V+O+C：Hemadethebabylaugh.二、并列句：并列句往往由并列連詞連接，并列連詞連接的兩個或多個句子都是對等并列的關(guān)系。常見的并列連詞有and,notonly…butalso…,neither,nor,neither…nor…,or,either…or…,but,yet,still,however,while,when,for,so,thus,therefore等。Somestudentsareinterestedinmusicandothersarefondofplayingfootball.Shenotonlydanceswellbutalsosingswell.Everyonelikesapersonwithgoodmanners,butnoonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.三、復合句：由一個主句和一個或多個從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復合句。主句是復合句的主干部分，從句在主句中可以充當主語、賓語、表語、同位語、定語、狀語等。Whathedidmadehismotherangry.Parentsshouldn’tgivetheirchildrenwhatevertheywant.Thisisbecauseyouaretoocareless.Checkallyouranswersbeforeyouturninyourpapers.Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’shealth.定語從句定義：擔任定語功能的句子稱為定語從句。定語從句的作用相當于形容詞，又稱為形容詞性從句。定語從句用來修飾名詞、代詞或整個主句。

He

whodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnottrueman.MissGreenisastrictbutkindteacher

who

alwayscaresforeverystudent.

Footballisplayedinover80countries,whichmakesitpopular.I’llneverforgetthedays

關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作賓語先行詞

thatwespenttogether.

修飾關(guān)系代詞的選擇和作用1.先行詞指人時，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時用who,作賓語時用whom(whom可以省略).TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.ThepersonwhomyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.2.先行詞指物時，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時用which,作賓語時可省略。Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.3.先行詞既可以指人也可以指物，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語時，用that,作賓語是可省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.He’schanged.He’snotthemanthathewasbefore.4.Whose的意義相當于所有格，在定語從句中作定語，先行詞可以是人也可以是物。指物時可與ofwhich互換，“名詞+ofwhich”.Harryistheboywhosemotherisourteacher.ThehousewhosewindowsfaceeastisMr.Smith’s.ThehousethewindowsofwhichfaceseastisMr.Smith’s.關(guān)系副詞的選擇和作用

1.當先行詞是一個表示時間的名詞，且從句中缺少時間狀語時，選擇關(guān)系副詞when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.比較：Istillrememberthedaythat/whichwespenttogether.2.

當先行詞是一個表示地點的名詞，且從句中缺少地點狀語時，選擇關(guān)系副詞where。Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.比較：Thisistheplacethat/whichIoncevisited.3.當先行詞是thereason(s)，且從句中缺少原因狀語時，選擇關(guān)系副詞why。Thisisthereasonwhyhewaskilled.比較：Thisreasonthat/whichhegaveuswasunacceptable.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”也可以在從句中充當時間、地點、原因等狀語。介詞選擇遵循三個原則：1.根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習慣

thedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.IstillremembertheyearinwhichIstayedhere.2.根據(jù)從句中謂語動詞的搭配onwhichIspent5Yuan.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid5Yuan.fromwhichIlearntalot.3.根據(jù)所表達的意義Thewallonwhichthereisamapfaceseast.Thewallinwhichthereisawindowfaceseast.As和which1.as和which都可以引導非限制性定語從句，在定義從句中作主語或賓語，指代前面整個句子。區(qū)別：①as引導的非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前、之后，也可以放在中間；which引導的非限制性定語從句，只能放在主句之后。②as有正如，正像的含義，而which沒有。Shakespeareisafamousplaywright,asweknow.

Asweknow,Shakespeareisafamousplaywright.Shakespeare,asweknow,isafamousplaywright.Hismotherisanengineer,whichmakeshimproud.2.若先行詞被such或thesame所修飾，關(guān)系代詞用as。Heissuchakindmanaswealllike.ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.※

只能用that的情況1.當先行詞是all,much,little,any,few,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,theone等不定代詞時IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?2.當先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficethatwasinvited.3.當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.

4.先行詞既有人又有物時

Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.

5.當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時Whoistheboythatisstandingoverthere?※不能用that的情況：1.在非限制性定語從句中Dinnerstartswithasmalldish,whichiscalledastarter.2.在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時：I’mlookingforacontainerinwhichIcanputallthesepeaches.※定語從句中主謂一致問題1.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句中謂語動詞的單復形式與先行詞保持一致。Mr.Smith,whoisnowdownstairs,isaskingtoseeyou.TheSmiths,whoarenowdownstairs,areaskingtoseeyou.2.Oneof+復數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+謂語動詞復數(shù)形式；the(only)oneof+復數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+謂語動詞單數(shù)形式

Heisoneofthestudentswhoworkhard.Heisthe(only)oneofthestudentswhogoesabroad.※在定語從句中，被關(guān)系詞代替的部分不可在從句中重復出現(xiàn)。Thisistherightbookthatyouarelookingforit.（×）※

當先行詞是way表示方式、方法時，關(guān)系詞可用inwhich、that或省略。Thisisthewayinwhich/(that)IstudyEnglish.※

當先行詞situation,point,degree等作先行詞表示抽象的地點，其后常由where引導定語從句，在定語從句中作地點狀語。Canyouthinkoutasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepointwherenobodycancureher.※Isthisschool___

wevisited?Thisschoolistheonethatwevisited.Isthistheschool___wevisited?Thisistheschoolthatwevisited.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1.在句子功能方面，非限制性定語從句對先行詞僅僅起一種信息補充或解釋說明作用。沒有定語從句主句的意思也非常清楚。而限制性定語從句則是主句不可缺少的，它對先行詞起著限制、修飾作用。否則，指代不清。Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterthepatients.Lijiang,whereIwasborn,isverybeautiful.2.在非限制性定語從句中，先行詞可以是名詞、代詞或者一個句子，而限制性定語從句中，先行詞一般是名詞或代詞。

Theearthgoesroundthesun,whichistrue.Shehasfoundthenecklace(that)shelosttwoweeksago.3.在語言形式上，非限制性定語從句的引導詞前有逗號將其與主句分開；而限制性定語從句則沒有。4.在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上，非限制性定語從句中作賓語時，關(guān)系詞不可省略；而在限制性定語從句中可以省略。Thenovel(which)Ihavereadthreetimesisverymoving.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverymoving.5.在關(guān)系詞上，非限制性定語從句中不用that(指人時用who/whom,指物用which),關(guān)系副詞則用when,where,forwhich6.非限制性定語從句一般翻譯成并列句或狀語從句，而限制性定語從句則翻譯為定語。1.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily，____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.

A.why

B.where

C.which

D.that2.Thenews____ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday’snewspaper.A.which

B.whether

C.what

D.that3.Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.it

B.what

C.which

D.that

BDC4.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate

_____theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.

A.which

B.that

C.what

D.who5.TheScienceMuseum,____wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.

A.which

B.what

C.that

D.where6.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse___roofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.thatCAA7.—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?—Yes,there’sonepoint___wemustinsiston.A.whyB.whereC.howD.×8.Ifashophaschairs___womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where9.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst___Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which10.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,___surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.itDDBA11.___isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What12.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,___hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis13.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,___shewantedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whichBCD單句改錯:1.Ialsoenjoytheeveningwhenwespenttogether.______2.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.______3.Thisisoneofthebestbooksthathasbeenpublishedsofar._____4.Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowerepraised.______5.Iwillgiveyoursisteramodelplanewhichshewillliketoplay.______________________________________________

6.ItisthemostexcitingfootballmatchwhichIhaveseen.______7.Whichweknow,heavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedunlessairholdsthemback.______8.Hedoesn’thavesuchamindthatisnecessarytoascientist._______9.TheradiowhichIboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong._____10.Onthewallhungapicture,whichcolorisblue.

__________________________________________14.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut___hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich15.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?—Thereisnooneelse____,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomturnD.forhertoturn16.Byusingyoureyesyoucantellthedirection___lightcomes.A.inwhichB.fromwhichC.withwhichD.onwhichABA17.Canyoutellmethenameoftheshop___youpaidavisitlastweek?A.whatB.whichC.towhichD.tothat18.I,who___yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.A.beB.amC.areD.is19.Thelastquestion___canbeusedbyyou.A.whichheaskedB.thathewasaskeditC.heaskedD.heaskeditCBC20.Haveyoueveraskedhimthereason__mayexplainhisabsence?A.whyB.whenC.thatD.what21.Thebox,___colorisredandwhite,isforputtingoldbooks.A.whichB.whoseC.itsD.that22.___shecoulddowastogobackhome.A.AllwhatB.AllthatC.AllthisD.AllwhichCBB

形容詞性從句（定語從句）

主語從句

表語從句復合句名詞性從句

賓語從句

同位語從句

副詞性從句（狀語從句）主語從句主語從句在復合句中做主句的主語。引導主語從句的詞有：

連詞：thatwhether;

連接代詞：whowhatwhich;

連接副詞：whenwherehowwhy等

Thathewillcometothepartyexcitedus.Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonyourself.

Whowonthegameisnowknown.

Whathesaidisright.

Whenweshallmeetagainisunknown.※

①that一般置于句首，引導的是一個完整的陳述句②that在從句中無任何意義，不作成分，只起連接作用，但不可以省略有時，為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或為了表示強調(diào)，常用it作形式主語，把that引導的主語從句放到后面。

常用的句式主要有：It+be+形容詞+that從句

常用的形容詞有:likely,right,wrong,certain,necessary,important,natural,strange,obvious,clear等Itisnecessarythatwe(should)buyaChinese-Englishdictionary.Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.※在“Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”，should也可省略。It+be+名詞+that從句常用的名詞有：apity,ashame,afact,anhonor,awonder,nowonder,goodnews等Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelecture.Itisnowonderthatyouhaveachievedsomuchsuccess.It+be+動詞-ed+that從句常用的動詞-ed形式：said,believed,hoped,reported,told,thought,advised,decided,

suggested,ordered等Itissaidthatthefamouswriterwillvisitourschoolnextweek.Itwassuggestedthateachstudent(should)singasonginEnglish.※在“Itisadvised/decided/suggested/ordered+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”，should也可省略。It+特殊動詞+that從句常用的動詞有:happen,(doesn’t)matter,occur,make…difference等IthappenedthatIknewhowtodealwithit.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.表語從句

表語從句在復合句中作主句的表語，放在系動詞之后。引導表語從句的詞有：

連詞：thatwhether;連接代詞：whowhatwhich;連接副詞：whenwherehowwhy另外，because,asif/though也可引導表語從句。

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn’tgetupontime.

Thequestioniswhetherhewillcomeornot.Changshaisnotwhatitusedtobe.Thisishowwegotoutoftroublethen.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.※①that在從句中無任何意義，不作成分，只起連接作用，但不可以省略②當主語為advice,decision,demand,suggestion,order等表示要求、主張、建議、命令的詞時，從句謂語動詞為“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。Myadviceisthatyou(should)stopsmoking.

同位語從句

同位語從句在句子中起同位語的作用。它一般跟在某些名詞（

fact,idea,news,promise等）的后面，用以說明或解釋前面的名詞。引導同位語從句的有連詞that,少數(shù)情況也用whether,how,when,where,why等。

Thenews

thattheywonthematchistrue.Thestudentaskedmethequestion

whetherthebookwasworthreading.

※①that在從句中無任何意義，不作成分，只起連接作用，但不可以省略.②同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：Thenewsthattheywonthegameistrue.Thenews（that）youtoldusistrue.

a.從意義上講，前者對名詞加以解釋說明，后者對名詞進行修飾、限定。b.從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，前者由連詞that引導，不作成分，不可省略，后者由關(guān)系詞引導，代替先行詞在從句中作某個成分，作賓語時可省略。

填入適當?shù)囊龑г~1.______hewantsisabook2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Is_____hetoldustrue?

4.Ithasbeenproved____eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.5.______wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.6.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.7.Itisnoneofyourbusiness

____otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.8.____parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.

9.____hewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain.10.____hecamehereisnotknown.11.____hewillgoornotisnotclear.12.____willtakepartinthephysicscontestwillbeannouncedthisafternoon.1.(08北京卷)Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate

theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who2.(08上海春卷)Thenews_____ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday’snewspaperA.whichB.whetherC.whatD.that3.(08上海春卷)______wearesureaboutistheneedtopreventchildrenfrombeingspoiledA.WhatB.WhichC.WhetherD.That

4.(08上海卷)Ashisbestfriend,Icanmakeaccurateguessesabout_____hewilldoorthink.A.whatB.whichC.whomD.that5.(08上海卷)Ithasbeenproved____eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.A.ifB.becauseC.whenD.that6.(08天津卷)Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas_____wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.A.whereB.howC.whenD.why7.(08重慶卷)PeopleinChongqingareproudof___

theyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how8.(08安徽卷)Studentsarealwaysinterestedinfindingout___theycangowithanewteacher.A.howfarB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howlong9.(08浙江卷)______wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who10.(08浙江卷)Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom___theirparentsspeakathome.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.one11.(08湖南卷)Whenasked_____theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which12.(08陜西卷)TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyideathepartyistobeheld?A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where13.(08福建卷)_____isknowntousallisthattheOlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which14.(08山東卷)______wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.A.It B.This C.What D.As1.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.[2007全國卷II]

A.WhatB.WhyC.Where D.Which2.______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.[2007上海卷]A.ThatB.What C.WhetherD.Where3.Thetraditionalviewis______wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.[2007上海卷]A.whenB.why C.whether D.that4.CouldIspeakto

isinchargeofInternationalSales,please?[2007山東卷]A．a(chǎn)nyoneB．someoneC．whoeverD．Nomatterwho5.Youcanonlybesureof_________youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture.[2007安徽卷]A.that;whatB.what;/ C.which;that D./;that6.—Where’sthatreport?—Ibroughtittoyou____youwereinMr.Black'sofficeyesterday.[2007北京卷]A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.before7.Itisnoneofyourbusiness

otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.[2007福建卷]A.how B.what C.whichD.when8.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and_________allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.[2007湖南卷]A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where9.Choosingtherightdictionarydependson______youwanttouseitfor.[2007江蘇卷]A.what B.why C.howD.whether10.

parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.[2007陜西卷]11.Byimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreof

youread．[2007上海春] A．that B．what C．whichD.whether1.(安徽06)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger_______itwas20yearsago,_______itwassopoorlyequipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.when;that2.(遼寧06)Doyouhaveanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which3.(全國I/II06)Marywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that4.(廣東06)Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt_______acureforAIDSwillbefound.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether5.(重慶06)Theoldlady’shandshookfrequently.Sheexplainedtoherdoctor_______thisshakinghadbegunhalfayearbefore,and_______,onlybecauseofthis,shehadbeenforcedtogiveupherjob.A.when;howB.how;whenC.how;howD.why;why6.(江蘇06)-Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_toMiamibuttoNewYork?-Iagree,butthepro