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專(zhuān)題15函數(shù)零點(diǎn)問(wèn)題真題呈現(xiàn)1.(2021·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)恰有6個(gè)零點(diǎn),則a的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0最多有2個(gè)根,所以SKIPIF1<0至少有4個(gè)根,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,(1)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0有4個(gè)零點(diǎn),即SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有5個(gè)零點(diǎn),即SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有6個(gè)零點(diǎn),即SKIPIF1<0;(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0無(wú)零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有1個(gè)零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0有2個(gè)零點(diǎn);所以若SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0有1個(gè)零點(diǎn).綜上,要使SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)恰有6個(gè)零點(diǎn),則應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,則可解得a的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.2.(2023·全國(guó)·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0有且僅有3個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是________.【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0有3個(gè)根,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0有3個(gè)根,其中SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合余弦函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像性質(zhì)可得SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.3.(2023·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有且僅有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為_(kāi)__.【解析】(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0成立;若SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,若方程有一根為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0;若方程有一根為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0;若SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0成立.(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0不成立;若SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,若方程有一根為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;若方程有一根為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0;若SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0不成立;綜上,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),零點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),零點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),零點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),零點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),零點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0.所以,當(dāng)函數(shù)有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.4.(2022·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)任意實(shí)數(shù)x,記SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0至少有3個(gè)零點(diǎn),則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為_(kāi)_____.【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0.要使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0至少有SKIPIF1<0個(gè)零點(diǎn),則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0至少有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下圖所示:此時(shí)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0只有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),不合乎題意;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,要使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0至少有SKIPIF1<0個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;③當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下圖所示:由圖可知,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0,合乎題意;④當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,要使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0至少有SKIPIF1<0個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0.綜上所述,實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.5.(2021·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,給出下列四個(gè)結(jié)論:①若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0恰有2個(gè)零點(diǎn);②存在負(fù)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0恰有1個(gè)零點(diǎn);③存在負(fù)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0恰有3個(gè)零點(diǎn);④存在正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0恰有3個(gè)零點(diǎn).其中所有正確結(jié)論的序號(hào)是_______.【解析】對(duì)于①,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,①正確;對(duì)于②,考查直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與曲線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0相切于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0求導(dǎo)得SKIPIF1<0,由題意可得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以,存在SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),②正確;對(duì)于③,當(dāng)直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與曲線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn),若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)零點(diǎn),則直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與曲線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn),直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與曲線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0有一個(gè)交點(diǎn),所以,SKIPIF1<0,此不等式無(wú)解,因此,不存在SKIPIF1<0,使得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)零點(diǎn),③錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于④,考查直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與曲線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0相切于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0求導(dǎo)得SKIPIF1<0,由題意可得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)零點(diǎn),④正確.故答案為:①②④.6.(2022·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)零點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0_____;SKIPIF1<0__.【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:1,SKIPIF1<0考點(diǎn)一函數(shù)零點(diǎn)的定義一、單選題1.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)為(
)A.2,3 B.2 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)為2,3.故選:A2.若SKIPIF1<0是二次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0的值是()A.3 B.15 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意知SKIPIF1<0是二次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),故SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)根,則SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故選:B3.關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0=()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】依題意得SKIPIF1<0是方程SKIPIF1<0的兩不等實(shí)根,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:A4.若向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意可得,SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)是SKIPIF1<0.故選:D5.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有且只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),則實(shí)數(shù)m的值為(
)A.9 B.12 C.0或9 D.0或12【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,滿(mǎn)足題意,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0有且只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),故SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,綜上,SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.二、填空題6.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)為_(kāi)_______.【解析】依題意有SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.7.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有且僅有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0_______.【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù),而SKIPIF1<0,于是SKIPIF1<0有唯一解,即有SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)解為SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.三、解答題8.求下列函數(shù)的零點(diǎn).(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0.【解析】(1)由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0.(2)由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)有唯一零點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0.考點(diǎn)二零點(diǎn)存在定理判斷零點(diǎn)所在區(qū)間一、單選題1.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)所在區(qū)間是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0均為SKIPIF1<0上的增函數(shù),故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0上的增函數(shù),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由零點(diǎn)存在定理可知,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)所在區(qū)間是SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.2.已知方程SKIPIF1<0的解在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.3 B.2 C.1 D.0【解析】令函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,顯然函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,而SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因此函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,所以方程SKIPIF1<0的解在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),即SKIPIF1<0.故選:C3.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)所在的區(qū)間為(
).A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以由零點(diǎn)存在性定理知,SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)所在的區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.4.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點(diǎn)必屬于區(qū)間(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】解法一:二分法由已知可求得,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.對(duì)于A項(xiàng),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B項(xiàng),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于C項(xiàng),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于D項(xiàng),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以D項(xiàng)正確.解法二:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點(diǎn)為2,故D正確.故選:D.5.已知SKIPIF1<0唯一的零點(diǎn)同時(shí)在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),下列說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤的是(
)A.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有零點(diǎn) B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)無(wú)零點(diǎn)C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有零點(diǎn) D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)無(wú)零點(diǎn)【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0唯一的零點(diǎn)同時(shí)在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),則該函數(shù)唯一的零點(diǎn)同時(shí)在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),可知B,C,D正確,對(duì)于A,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0唯一的零點(diǎn)可能在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),也可能在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),故A錯(cuò)誤.故選:A6.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若方程SKIPIF1<0的實(shí)根在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上,則k的最大值是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),解得SKIPIF1<0,綜上k的最大值是1.故選:C.7.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0)的圖象過(guò)定點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)所在區(qū)間為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0)的圖象過(guò)定點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上均為減函數(shù),所以,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為減函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由零點(diǎn)存在定理可知,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi).故選:A.二、填空題8.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)所在區(qū)間(取整數(shù))是_________.【解析】由題意,得SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,易知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0均為增函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以由零點(diǎn)存在定理可知,函數(shù)零點(diǎn)所在區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0.考點(diǎn)三求函數(shù)零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)一、單選題1.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)是(
)A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6【解析】求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù),轉(zhuǎn)化為方程SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的根的個(gè)數(shù).由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)為3.故選:A.2.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)為(
)A.1 B.3 C.5 D.7【解析】SKIPIF1<0定義域?yàn)镽,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),由于SKIPIF1<0恒成立,故SKIPIF1<0恒成立,無(wú)零點(diǎn),故SKIPIF1<0時(shí),也不存在零點(diǎn),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0處取得極大值,也時(shí)最大值,SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故由零點(diǎn)存在性定理知,在SKIPIF1<0上存在一零點(diǎn),結(jié)合函數(shù)為奇函數(shù),在SKIPIF1<0上存在一零點(diǎn),綜上,SKIPIF1<0一共有3個(gè)零點(diǎn).故選:B3.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)為(
)A.0個(gè) B.1個(gè) C.2個(gè) D.3個(gè)【解析】由題意可知:要研究函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù),只需研究函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖像交點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)即可.畫(huà)出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖像,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,可知當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0時(shí),圖像各有一個(gè)交點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0時(shí),必有一個(gè)交點(diǎn),且交點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0及第二象限的點(diǎn)C.
故選:D4.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)為(
)A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5【解析】本題轉(zhuǎn)化為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0和函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的交點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù),做出兩個(gè)函數(shù)的圖像,如圖,根據(jù)圖像可得兩個(gè)函數(shù)交點(diǎn)的個(gè)數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0個(gè),所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0個(gè).故選:C.5.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)為(
)A.0 B.1 C.2 D.3【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以不存在零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,也不存在零點(diǎn),所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)為0.故選:A.6.設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0的解的個(gè)數(shù)為(
)A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【解析】由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,①由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,②由①②得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),由SKIPIF1<0得方程SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0(舍去).故方程共有2個(gè)解.故選:B7.方程SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0實(shí)根的個(gè)數(shù)為(
)A.6 B.5 C.4 D.3【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下所示:
由圖可得SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有且僅有SKIPIF1<0個(gè)交點(diǎn),所以方程SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0實(shí)根有SKIPIF1<0個(gè).故選:C8.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)為(
)A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【解析】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)2x-SKIPIF1<0=kπ,k∈Z時(shí),x=SKIPIF1<0+SKIPIF1<0,k∈Z,所以當(dāng)k=0時(shí),x=SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)k=1時(shí),x=SKIPIF1<0,所以f(x)在區(qū)間(0,π)上有2個(gè)零點(diǎn).故選:B.9.已知定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的偶函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,若將方程SKIPIF1<0實(shí)數(shù)解的個(gè)數(shù)記為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱(chēng)軸為SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的周期為2,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖所示:
當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),方程SKIPIF1<0有2個(gè)實(shí)數(shù)解,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),方程SKIPIF1<0有4個(gè)實(shí)數(shù)解,所以SKIPIF1<0,可知SKIPIF1<0是一個(gè)首項(xiàng)為2,公差為2的等差數(shù)列,所以SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.故選:D二、填空題10.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)是__________.【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),由SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),由SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)是2個(gè)11.已知SKIPIF1<0,方程SKIPIF1<0的實(shí)根個(gè)數(shù)為_(kāi)_________.【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,分別作出它們的圖象如下圖所示,
由圖可知,有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn),所以方程SKIPIF1<0的實(shí)根個(gè)數(shù)為2.12.定義在R上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有__________個(gè)零點(diǎn).【解析】因?yàn)槎x在R上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0是以4為周期的周期函數(shù),因?yàn)楫?dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖所示,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以將問(wèn)題轉(zhuǎn)化為SKIPIF1<0的圖象與SKIPIF1<0交點(diǎn)的個(gè)數(shù),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象與SKIPIF1<0的圖象共有7個(gè)交點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0有7個(gè)零點(diǎn),故答案為:7
考點(diǎn)四根據(jù)函數(shù)零點(diǎn)求參一、單選題1.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上存在零點(diǎn),則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由零點(diǎn)存在定理可知,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上存在零點(diǎn),顯然函數(shù)為增函數(shù),只需滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故選:D2.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0恰有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),則正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0成立,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0恰有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0有1個(gè)實(shí)數(shù)根,顯然a小于等于0,不合要求,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),只需滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0.故選:C3.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(e為自然對(duì)數(shù)的底數(shù),a∈R)有3個(gè)不同的零點(diǎn),則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,∴二次函數(shù)開(kāi)口向下且在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)拋物線(xiàn)與SKIPIF1<0軸只有一個(gè)交點(diǎn),∴SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不是SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn),由已知得當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,只有函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn)時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),綜上所述,實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0,故選:SKIPIF1<0.4.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0有3個(gè)不同的解,則a的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,∴當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0,可得函數(shù)的大致圖象,所以SKIPIF1<0有3個(gè)不同的解等價(jià)于SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)解SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,整理可得SKIPIF1<0,∴根據(jù)根的分布,得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,則a的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.
5.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有五個(gè)零點(diǎn),則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故問(wèn)題轉(zhuǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0共有四個(gè)零點(diǎn),畫(huà)出函數(shù)圖象如下可知:則SKIPIF1<0,故選:D
6.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若方程SKIPIF1<0有四個(gè)不同的實(shí)數(shù)根,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,該直線(xiàn)恒過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,方程SKIPIF1<0有四個(gè)不同的實(shí)數(shù)根如圖作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,結(jié)合函數(shù)圖象,則SKIPIF1<0,所以直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與曲線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)不同的公共點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)不等實(shí)根,令SKIPIF1<0,實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.7.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0恰有2個(gè)零點(diǎn),則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn)0,不符合題意;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的大致圖象,如圖1,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0上各有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),符合題意;③當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的大致圖象,如圖2,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上沒(méi)有零點(diǎn).則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),此時(shí)必須滿(mǎn)足SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.綜上,得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.故選:A二、多選題8.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),則下列結(jié)論正確的有(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖象交點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo),如下圖所示,
由圖象可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖象有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn),A錯(cuò)B對(duì);由圖可知,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,化簡(jiǎn)可得SKIPIF1<0,C對(duì);由SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以等號(hào)取不到,可得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,D對(duì),故選:BCD.9.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0且方程SKIPIF1<0的6個(gè)解分別為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,整理得到SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,畫(huà)出SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如下:顯然SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)根,分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)根,分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,A選項(xiàng),數(shù)形結(jié)合得到SKIPIF1<0,A錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng),由于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故B錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng),由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,C正確;D選項(xiàng),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,D正確.故選:CD三、填空題10.設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間[SKIPIF1<0上有零點(diǎn),則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是___________.【解析】令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間[SKIPIF1<0,3]上有零點(diǎn)等價(jià)于直線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0與曲線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有交點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,即當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有零點(diǎn);故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.11.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上存在零點(diǎn),則整數(shù)t的值為_(kāi)_____.【解析】SKIPIF1<0在R上單調(diào)遞增,由零點(diǎn)存在性定理可知,SKIPIF1<0,由于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故整數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.12.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)恰有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),其中SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為_(kāi)_________.【解析】如圖所示,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn),即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0圖象的交點(diǎn),由圖象可知,兩函數(shù)的圖象只有一個(gè)交點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0
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