翻譯三級筆譯綜合能力分類模擬題22

翻譯三級筆譯綜合能力分類模擬題22ReadingComprehension

TheGreenhouseEffect

溫室效應(yīng)

Theairwebreathekeepsus（江南博哥）aliveinmorewaysthanone.Withoutouratmosphere,averageglobaltemperaturewouldbeaboutminus18℃(minus0.4℉)insteadofthepresent15℃(59℉).Alltheincomingsunlight,withenergyequivalenttoaboutthree100-wattlightbulbspersquareyard,wouldstrikeEarth'ssurface,causingittoemitinfraredwaveslikeagiantradiator.Thatheatwouldsimplytravelunimpededbackoutintothevoid.

Becauseoftheatmosphere,however,onlyafractionofthatheatmakesitdirectlybackintospace.Therestistrappedinthelowerairlayers,whichcontainanumberofgases-watervapor,CO2,methane,andothersthatabsorbtheoutgoinginfraredradiation.Asthosegasesheatup,someoftheirwarmthradiatesbackdowntothesurface.Theentireprocessiscalledthegreenhouseeffect,andmostofitiscausedbythepredominantgreenhousegas,watervapor.

Withincreasedheating,morewaterevaporatesfromoceans,lakes,andsoils.Becauseawarmeratmospherecanholdmorewatervapor,thiscreatesapowerfulfeedbackloop:Thehotteritgets,thehigherthewatervaporcontentoftheair,andthusthegreaterthegreenhousewarming.

Humanbeingshavelittledirectcontroloverthevolumeofwaterintheatmosphere.Butweproduceothergreenhousegasesthatintensifytheeffect.TheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)estimatesthatrisingCO2emissions,mostlyfromburningfossilfuels,accountforabout60percentofthewarmingobservedsince1850.Carbondioxideconcentrationhasbeenincreasingabout0.3percentayear,anditisnowabout30percenthigherthanitwasbeforetheIndustrialRevolution.Ifcurrentratescontinue,itwillrisetoatleasttwicepre-industriallevelsbyabout2060andbytheendofthecenturycouldbefourtimesashigh.ThatisparticularlyworrisomebecauseCO2lifetimeismorethanahundredyearsintheatmosphere,comparedwitheightdaysforwatervapor.

Methane,theprincipalingredientofnaturalgas,hascausedanestimated15percentofthewarminginmoderntimes.Generatedbybacteriainricefields,decomposinggarbage,cattleranching,andfossilfuelproduction,methanepersistsintheatmospherefornearlyadecadeandisnowabout2.5timesasprevalentasitwasinthe16thcentury.Othermajorgreenhousegasesincludenitrousoxideproducedbybothagricultureandindustryandvarioussolventsandrefrigerantslikechlorofluorocarbons,orCFCs,whicharenowbannedbyinternationaltreatybecauseoftheirdamagingeffectonEarth'sprotectiveozonelayer.

TherelentlessaccumulationofgreenhousegaseshasledtheIPCCtoprojectthatinthenexthundredyearsglobalaveragetemperatureswillriseby1to3.5degreesC.Thatmaynotseemlikemuch.Yetthe"littleiceage,"ananomalouscoldsnapthatpeakedfrom1570to1730andforcedEuropeanfarmerstoabandontheirfields,wascausedbyachangeofonlyhalfadegreeC.

Buthowcrediblearecurrentprojection?Thecomputermodelsusedtoprojectgreenhouseeffectsfarintothefuturearestillbeingimprovedtoaccommodatearapidlygrowingfundofknowledge.Anditisremarkablydifficulttodetectadefinitive"signature"ofhumanactivityintheworld'swidelyfluctuatingclimaterecord.1.

Themainpartoftheheatcausedbysunlightisabsorbedby______.A.thelowerairlayersB.anumberofgasesinthelowerairlayersC.theearth'ssurfaceD.watervapor正確答案：B

2.

Paragraphs4and5dealwithothergreenhousegasesmanymake______.A.byburningfossilfuelsB.bybacteriainricefieldsC.byCO2,methane,andnitrousoxideD.bothAandB正確答案：D

3.

Theword"relentless"inthefirstsentenceofParagraph6"TherelentlessaccumulationofgreenhousegaseshasledtheIPCCtoprojectthat"means______.A.withoutpermissionB.withoutpityC.lesssevereD.lessharmful正確答案：B

4.

Whichofthestatementsaboutvolumeofwaterinatmosphereistrue?A.Manhasdonealotwithit.B.Manhaslittledirectcontroloverit.C.Manhastakenmeasuresforit.D.Manhasnothingtodowithit.正確答案：B

5.

Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Thecomputermodelsusedtoprojectgreenhouseeffectsarenotsatisfactory.B.Theclimateoftheworldhasbeenchanging.C.OurpresentprojectionaboutGreenhouseEffectissomewhatundependable.D.Humanknowledgehasbeenincreasingveryquickly.正確答案：C

Aswithanyworkofart,themeritofChapmanKelley's"WildflowerWorksI"wasintheeyeofthebeholder.

Kelley,whonormallyworkswithpaintandcanvas,consideredthetwinovalgardensplantedin1984atDaleyBicentennialParkhismostimportantpiece.

TheChicagoParkDistrictconsidereditapatchofraggedyvegetationonpublicpropertythatcouldbedugupandreplantedatwillliketheflowerboxesalongMichiganAvenue.Andthat'swhathappenedinJune2004,whenthedistrictdecidedtocreateamoreorderlyvistaforpedestrianscrossingfromMillenniumParkviathenewFrankGehryfootbridge.

Ifyou'relookingforevidencethattherubeswhoruntheParkDistrictdon'tknowartwhentheyseeit,allyouhavetodoisvisitwhat'sleftofKelley'smasterpiece.Theexuberant1.5-acretangleofleggywildflowersisnowconfinedtoatidyrectangle,restrainedonallsidesbyaknee-highhedgeandsurroundedbyacloselycroppedlawn.Whitehydrangeasandpinkshrubrosescompletethelook.Wedon'tknowwho'sresponsiblefortheredesign,butwe'llbetthecarpetinhishomedoesn'tgowiththefurniture.

Still,you'dthinktheParkDistrictwaswithinitsrightstoplowundertheprairie.Wrong.KelleyjustwonatlawsuitinwhichhearguedthatthegardenwaspublicareandthereforeprotectedbythefederalVisualArtistsRightsAct.Underthatlaw,thedistrictshouldhavegivenhim90days'noticethatitintendedtomesswithhisartworkinsteadofrushingheadlongintothedemolition,alaMeigsField.ThatwayKelleycouldhavemountedalegalchallenge,oratleastremovedtheplants.

ParkDistrictofficialssaidtheyneverconsideredthegardenaworkofart,eventhoughitwasinstalledbyanestablishedartistandnot,say,Joe'sSodandLandscaping.Wecanunderstandtheirconfusion.Justrecently,wefiguredoutthatthecagedgreenerydirectlysouthofPritzkerPavilionissupposedtobeanarchitecturalstatementandnotaChristmastreelot.

Allthat'sleftisforthedistricttocompensateKelleyforhisloss.Whateverpricethepartiessettleon,let'shopetheagreementalsoprovidesfortheremovaloftherestof"WildflowerWorksI."

Ifitwas'taneyesorebefore—andplentyofpeoplethoughtitwas...itsureisnow.6.

ItisimpliedinthefirstParagraphthatthepublic______.A.paidlittleattentionto"WildflowerWorksI"B.appreciatedthevalueof"WildflowerWorksI"C.toleratedtheuglinessof"WildflowerWorksI"D.hadtheirownviewson"WildflowerWorksI"正確答案：B[解析]根據(jù)文中第一段的內(nèi)容“Aswithanyworkofart,themeritofChapmanKelley's'WildflowerWorksI'wasintheeyeofthebeholder.在查普曼·凱利的作品‘野花工程’中，觀眾們看到了它的價(jià)值所在，如同他們從所有藝術(shù)作品中看到的一樣?！笨芍珺項(xiàng)“公眾很欣賞野花工程I的價(jià)值”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“公眾對野花工程I不是很重視”，C項(xiàng)“公眾要忍受野花工程I的不雅”，D項(xiàng)“公眾對野花工程I有自己的觀點(diǎn)”，這三項(xiàng)都和文中第一段表達(dá)的意思不符合。

7.

Theword"beholder"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.audienceB.witnessC.observerD.holder正確答案：C[解析]根據(jù)文中第一段的內(nèi)容“intheeyeofthebeholder”可知為在人們的眼里。選項(xiàng)中的C項(xiàng)為“觀察者”符合文意。A項(xiàng)“觀眾”，B項(xiàng)“目擊者”，D項(xiàng)“持有者”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

8.

Theboldfacedword"rubes"inParagraph4mostlikelymeans______.A.expertsB.laymenC.foolsD.artists正確答案：B[解析]根據(jù)文中第四段的“therubeswhoruntheParkDistrictdon'tknowart”可知，rubes意為不懂藝術(shù)的外行人。選項(xiàng)中的B項(xiàng)為“非專業(yè)人士”符合文意。A項(xiàng)“專家”，C項(xiàng)“傻瓜”，D項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家”，這三項(xiàng)均和rubes意思相差甚遠(yuǎn)。

9.

Accordingtothepassage,theonewhoredesignedtheParkmust______.A.knowKelly'sworkwellB.haveaterribletasteinartC.likeconventionallayoutsD.alwaysputthepublic'sneedfirst正確答案：B[解析]根據(jù)文中第四段最后一句話“Wedon'tknowwho'sresponsiblefortheredesign,butWe'llbetthecarpetinhishomedoesn'tgowiththefurniture.我們不知道新設(shè)計(jì)的負(fù)責(zé)人是誰，但我們知道他家的地毯一定與家具不搭調(diào)?！笨芍?，B項(xiàng)“重新設(shè)計(jì)公園的人的藝術(shù)品味一定很差”符合文意。A項(xiàng)“對凱利的作品很了解”，如果很了解凱利的作品就不會對它重新改造，所以A不對；C項(xiàng)“喜歡傳統(tǒng)的布局”，D項(xiàng)“總是把公眾的需要放在首位”，C、D兩項(xiàng)都有可能，但是題目問的是一定，所以都不正確。

10.

Theword"confined"underlinedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto______.A.restrictB.defineC.preventD.deprive正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第四段的內(nèi)容“Theexuberant1.5-acretangleofleggywildflowersisnowconfinedtoatidyrectangle”可知1.5英畝的野花地現(xiàn)在限制成為一個(gè)整齊的長方形。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“限制”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“定義”，C項(xiàng)“保護(hù)”，D項(xiàng)“剝奪”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

11.

WhichofthefollowingwasNOTtrueabout"WildflowerWorksI"?A.ItwasdesignedbythefamousartistChapmanKelley.B.TherearetwoovalgardensatDaleyBicentennialPark.C.Thepublicvotedfordemolishingthegardens.D.TheChicagoParkDistrictdidnotdeemitapieceofart.正確答案：C[解析]C項(xiàng)“群眾投票拆除花園”在文中沒有出現(xiàn)相關(guān)內(nèi)容，所以此說法不正確，符合題意。A項(xiàng)“野花工程I是由著名藝術(shù)家查普曼·凱利設(shè)計(jì)的”，這在文中第一段就已說明；B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在第二段后半部分有所體現(xiàn)；D項(xiàng)“芝加哥公園區(qū)不把它當(dāng)作一種藝術(shù)”，這在第三段開頭有相關(guān)內(nèi)容，所以這三項(xiàng)都符合文意。

12.

Theword"messwith"underlinedinParagraph5mostlikelymeans______.A.disturbB.confuseC.messupD.muddle正確答案：C[解析]根據(jù)文中第五段的內(nèi)容“itintendedtomesswithhisartwork”可知目的是弄糟他的藝術(shù)作品。選項(xiàng)中的C項(xiàng)為“弄糟”符合文意。A項(xiàng)“打擾”，B項(xiàng)“混淆”，D項(xiàng)“使糊涂”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

13.

WhydidKellywinthelawsuit?A.Kellyhadaverycapablelawyer.B.TheParkDistricthadnorighttodemolishit.C.TheParkDistrictshouldtakethepublic'sopinionfirst.D.TheParkDistrictshouldhaveinformedKellyofthedemolition.正確答案：B[解析]根據(jù)文中第五段的內(nèi)容“Still,you'dthinktheParkDistrictwaswithinitsrightstoplowundertheprairie.Wrong.”可知，公園是公眾財(cái)產(chǎn)，因此受聯(lián)邦《視覺藝術(shù)家權(quán)法案》保護(hù)，所以公園區(qū)無權(quán)自行決定拆除景觀，所以B符合題意。A項(xiàng)“凱利有一個(gè)很有能力的律師”，這在文中沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“公園區(qū)應(yīng)該首先采取公眾的意見”；D項(xiàng)“公園區(qū)應(yīng)該通知凱利公園拆除的消息”，C、D雖在文中提及，但是不是凱利贏得官司的原因。

14.

Theword"compensate"underlinedinParagraph7mostlikelymeans______.A.makeupforB.rewardC.payD.punish正確答案：A[解析]根據(jù)文中第七段的內(nèi)容“Allthat'sleftisforthedistricttocompensateKelleyforhisloss”可知目的是賠償他的損失。選項(xiàng)中的A項(xiàng)為“賠償，”符合文意。B項(xiàng)“獎勵”，C項(xiàng)“支付”，D項(xiàng)“懲罰”，這三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

15.

What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepresent"WildflowerWorksI"?A.Hetakesaneutralposition.B.Hebelievesinthelongarmofthelaw.C.Heregardsitamasterpieceofpublicart.D.Heisinfavorofdemolishingtheuglygarden.正確答案：D[解析]根據(jù)文中最后一段最后一句的內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為公園現(xiàn)在被改造的真的很丑陋，所以D項(xiàng)“作者支持拆除丑陋的公園”符合文意。A項(xiàng)“作者保持中立的立場”，作者在最后用的詞“eyesore眼中釘，難看的東西”這個(gè)詞語并不是中性詞，所以中立立場顯然不正確；B項(xiàng)“他相信法律長遠(yuǎn)的幫助”；C項(xiàng)“他把公園看成是公眾的藝術(shù)”，B、C兩項(xiàng)在文中都沒有體現(xiàn)，所以這三項(xiàng)都不符合題意。

Aspirinisoneofthesafestandmosteffectivedrugsinventedbyman.Themostpopularmedicineintheworldtoday,itisaneffectivepainreliever.Itsbadeffectsarerelativelymild.Itisalsocheap.

Formillionsofpeoplesufferingfromarthritis,itistheonlythingthatworks.Aspirin,inshort,istrulythe20th-centurywonderdrug.Itisalsothesecondlargestsuicidedrugandistheleadingcauseofpoisoningamongchildren.Ithassideeffectsthat,althoughrelativelymild,arelargelyunrecognizedamongusers.

AlthoughaspirinwasfirstsoldbyaGermancompanyin1899,ithasbeenaroundmuchlongerthanthat.Hippocrates,inancientGreece,understoodthemedicalvalueoftreebarksandleaveswhichtodayareknowntocontainachemicalfoundinaspirin.Duringthe19thcentury.therewasagreatdealofexperimentationinEuropewiththischemical,anditledtotheintroductionofaspirin.By1915,aspirintabletswereavailableintheUnitedStates.

Asmallquantityofaspirinrelievespainandinflammation.Italsoreducesfeverbyaffectingsomeofthebody'sreactions.Aspirinisveryirritatingtothestomachlining.Thebestwayistochewthetabletsbeforeswallowingthemwithwater,butfewpeoplecanstandthebittertaste.Somepeoplesuggestcrashingthetabletsinmilkororangejuice.16.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Aspirinisgoodtoarthritissufferers.B.Aspirinmaybeusedassuicidedrug.C.Aspirinisdangeroustosmallchildren.D.Aspirinhasunrecognizablesideeffects.正確答案：C[解析]是非題型。

見文章第二段：Formillionsofpeoplesufferingfromarthritis,itistheonlythingthatworks.Aspirin，inshort，istruly...Itisalsothesecondlargestsuicidedrug...arelargelyunrecognizedamongusers．對于數(shù)百萬關(guān)節(jié)炎患者來說，阿司匹林是唯一有效的藥，簡言之，它是20世紀(jì)真正的靈丹妙藥。它還是第二大的自殺用藥和兒童中毒的主要原因。盡管它的副作用很小，用藥者卻對之不甚了解。由此可知：選項(xiàng)A、B均有提及；雖然文章提及阿司匹林是兒童中毒的主要原因，卻沒談及中毒原因，所以不能簡單認(rèn)定它對小兒危險(xiǎn)，則選項(xiàng)C未被提及應(yīng)是答案。而選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容本段最后一句有所提及。

17.

Thesecondparagraphpointsoutthat______.A.aspirinisalwayssafeB.aspirincanbedangerousC.aspirinhasbeenlongusedD.aspirinisnottrulyeffective正確答案：B[解析]推斷題型。

第二段談到：阿司匹林是第二大自殺性藥物，會引發(fā)兒童中毒，還有一些未被確認(rèn)的副作用，所以可推論出選項(xiàng)B。

18.

Aspirinwasinventedin______.A.the20thcenturyB.the19thcenturyC.ancientGreeceD.ancientGermany正確答案：B[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。

見文章第三段首句：AlthoughaspirinwasfirstsoldbyaGermancompanyin1899,ithasbeenaroundmuchlongerthanthat.和同段倒數(shù)第三句：Duringthe19thcentury,therewasagreatdealofexperimentationinEuropewiththischemical,anditledtotheintroductionofaspirin．選項(xiàng)B正確。

19.

Thethirdparagraphdescribesthe______ofaspirin.A.usesB.valueC.effectsD.history正確答案：D[解析]主旨題型。

第三段的主旨是敘述阿司匹林的歷史：追溯到古希臘的醫(yī)藥之父希波克拉底的發(fā)現(xiàn)，19世紀(jì)面世，1899年首次出售，1915年片劑在美國誕生。選項(xiàng)D正確。

20.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Aspirincanrelievepain.B.Aspirincanreducefever.C.Aspirincanrelieveinflammation.D.Aspirincanreducestomachlining.正確答案：D[解析]是非題型。

見最后一段的第一、二兩句：Asmallquantityofaspirinrelievespainandinflammation.Italsoreducesfeverbyaffectingsomeofthebody'sreactions.Aspirinisveryirritatingtothestomachlining．少量的阿司匹林可消炎止痛，還可通過刺激人的機(jī)體反應(yīng)來退燒；但它對胃粘膜有刺激。所以選項(xiàng)D是答案。

21.

Accordingtothispassage,______mayNOTbetherightwaytotakeaspirin.A.chewingthetabletsB.swallowingthetabletsC.crushingtheminmilkD.puttingthemindishes正確答案：D[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。

文章最后兩句(Thebestwayistochewthetabletsbeforeswallowingthemwithwater,butfewpeoplecanstandthebittertaste.Somepeoplesuggestcrashingthetabletsinmilkororangejuice.)說明正確的服藥方法中只有選項(xiàng)D未被提及，是答案。

22.

Theauthorofthispassageseemstobe______.A.againstaspirinB.infavorofaspirinC.ignorantofaspirinD.disinterestedinaspirin正確答案：B[解析]態(tài)度題型。

從作者在文中所用的詞(safest，mosteffective，mostpopular，effective，cheap，theonlythingthatworks)可看出作者對阿司匹林是持肯定態(tài)度的，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

23.

Agoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe:______.A.WhyDoWeTakeAspirin?B.HowDoWeTakeAspirin?C.Aspirin:TheUnknownSideEffects.D.Aspirin:TheMostPopularMedicine.正確答案：D[解析]主旨題型。

文章開篇就強(qiáng)調(diào)了本文的主旨：阿司匹林是現(xiàn)今世界上人類發(fā)明的最安全，有效，最受歡迎的藥物之一，它還是有效的去痛劑。它的副作用相對較小而且價(jià)格便宜。因此選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。

SynchronizedSex

性的同步

byMennoSchilthuizen

Whenthebiologicalclocksofmalesandfemalesareoutofsync,theirsexlivessuffer.Oratleastitdoesiftheyaremelonflies,Japaneseentomologistshavefound.Theysaythatdifferencesindailyrhythmsmightevenpromotetheevolutionofnewspecies.

TakahisaMiyatakeandToruShimizuofOkinawaPrefecturalAgriculturalExperimentalStationmadetheirdiscoverywhilestudyingthemelonflyBactroceracucurbitae,anotoriouspestofmelons,couregttesandothermembersofthegourdfamily.Byselectivebreedingfromfliesthatwerequickesttomatureandmate,theybuiltupapopulationoffastdevelopingindividuals.Inasimilarway,theyalsobredalineofslowdevelopers.After25generations,theslowdevelopers'larvaetookmorethan12daystomature,whilethefastdevelopersmaturedinjust6days.

Totheirsurprise,MiyatakeandShimizunoticedthatthiswasnottheonlydifferencebetweenthetwolines.Innature,themelonfliesmatearounddusk.Butamongthefastdevelopers,sexualactivitypeakedinlateafternoon,onehourbeforedusk,whiletheslowdevelopersonlystartedgettinginterestedinsexaroundthree-and-a-halfhoursafternightfall."Apparently,bothrhythmsareregulatedbythesameclockgene,"saysMiyatake.

Toseehowthiswouldinfluencetheabilityoftheslowandthefastlinestocrossbreed,theresearchersmarkedfliesfrombothlines,putthemtogetherincages,andwatchedtoseewhichmatedwithexpected,whichasmostmatingstookplacebetweenmalesandfemalesfromthesameline.Thefinding,whichwillbereportedinthejournalEvolution,suggeststhatdifferencesinbodyclockscouldcausenewspeciestoevolve.

Miyatakesaysthebehaviourofsomespeciessuggesttheymayhavearisenthisway."Manycloselyrelatedspeciesofinsectdifferintheirdailymatingtime,"hesays."Forexample,theonlythingthatseparatestwootherflies,Bactroceratryoniandbactroceraneohumeralis,isthefactthattheformermatesatdusk,thelatterinthedaytime."

"Thisisinterestingwork,"saysJeffreyFeder,anevolutionarygeneticistwhostudiesfruitfliesattheUniversityofNotreDameinIndiana."ItisveryexcitingthatMiyatakeandShimizuhaveshownhowselectiononthelarvaecanaffectthematingpatterninadultsandpreventcrossbreeding."

Federagreesthattheeffectcouldbeimportantintheevolutionofnewspecies,espe