翻譯三級筆譯綜合能力分類模擬題3

翻譯三級筆譯綜合能力分類模擬題3ReadingComprehension

PhyllisWheatleyisregardedasAmerica'sfirstblackpoet.She（江南博哥）wasborninSenegal,Africa,about1753andbroughttoAmericaaboardaslaveshipatabouttheageofseven.JohnandSusannahWheatleyboughtherforthreepoundsataslaveauctioninBostonin1761tobeapersonalservantofMrs.Wheatley.Thefamilyhadthreeotherslaves,andallweretreatedwithrespect.Phylliswassoonacceptedasoneofthefamily,whichincludedbeingraisedandeducatedwiththeWheatley'stwin15-year-oldchildren,MaryandNathaniel.Atthattime,mostfemales,evenfrombetterfamilies,couldnotreadandwrite,butMarywasprobablyoneofthebesteducatedyoungwomeninBoston.Marywantedtobecomeateacher,andinfact,itwasMarywhodecidedtotakechargeofPhyllis'seducation.Phyllissoondisplayedherremarkabletalents.AttheageoftwelveshewasreadingtheGreekandLatinclassicsandpassagesfromtheBible.Andeventually,Mrs.WheatleydecidedPhyllisshouldbecomeaChristian.

AttheageofthirteenPhylliswroteherfirstpoem.ShebecameaBostonsensationaftershewroteapoemonthedeathoftheevangelicalpreacherGeorgeWhitfieldin1770.ItbecamecommonpracticeinBostontohave"Mrs.Wheatley'sPhyllis"readpoetryinpolitesociety.Marymarriedin1771,andPhyllislatermovedtothecountrybecauseofpoorhealth,asateacherandcaretakertoafarmer'sthreechildren.MaryhadtriedtointerestpublishersinPhyllis'spoemsbutoncetheyheardshewasaNegrotheyweren'tinterested.

Thenin1773PhylliswentwithNathaniel,whowasnowabusinessman,toLondon.Itwasthoughtthataseavoyagemightimproveherhealth.Thirty-nineofherpoemswerepublishedinLondonasPoemson,VariousSubjects,ReligiousandMoral.ItwasthefirstbookpublishedbyablackAmerican.In1775PhylliswroteapoemextollingtheaccomplishmentsofGeorgeWashingtonandsentittohim.Herespondedbypraisinghertalentsandinvitinghertovisithisheadquarters.Afterbothofherbenefactorsdiedin1777,andMarydiedin1778,Phylliswasfreedasaslave.Shemarriedin1778,movedawayfromBoston,andhadthreechildren.Butaftertheunhappymarriage,shemovedbacktoBoston,anddiedinpovertyatthesageofthirty.1.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.SlaveryandthetreatmentoftheblackpeopleinAmerica.B.TheWheatleyfamily,includingtheirslaves.C.ThelifeofAmerica'sfirstblackpoet.D.TheachievementsofPhyllisWheatley.正確答案：C[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀文章可知，本文首先談及PhyllisWheatley是美國第一個(gè)黑人詩人，接著描寫了她的生平和生活經(jīng)歷，她的黑奴生活，她的教育、婚姻生活，直至死亡。由此可知，文章是講述美國第一位黑人詩人的一生。所以，答案是C。

2.

Theunderlinedword"respect"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.considerationB.disregardC.punishmentD.behavior正確答案：A[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容可知，PhyllisWheatley雖被賣為奴隸，卻受到了尊重，很快就被當(dāng)作是家庭的一員。respect在句中意為“尊重”。consideration“體貼，照顧”；disregard“忽視”；punishment“懲罰”；behavior“行為”。所以，答案是A。

3.

Accordingtothepassage,howmanyslavesdidtheWheatley'shave?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第四句“Thefamilyhadthreeotherslaves”可知，這個(gè)家庭還有其他三個(gè)奴隸，加上PhyllisWheatley總共有4個(gè)奴隸。所以，答案是D。

4.

Accordingtothepassage,anunusualfeatureofMarywasthatshe______.A.wasnotmucholderthanPhyllisB.wantedtobecomeateacherC.wascomparativelywelleducatedD.decidedtotakechargeofPhyllis'seducation正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第六句“Atthattime,mostfemales,evenfrombetterfamilies,couldnotreadandwrite,butMarywasprobablyoneofthebesteducatedyoungwomeninBoston.”可知，即使是出身較好的女性都不會讀書寫字，但是Mary可能是波士頓受過最好教育的年輕女性之一。盡管A、B、D三項(xiàng)有關(guān)Mary的說法也是正確的，但本題問的是Mary本身擁有的與眾不同的特點(diǎn)。所以，答案為C。

5.

Theunderlinedword"eventually"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.ultimatelyB.slowlyC.reluctantlyD.gradually正確答案：A[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Andeventually,Mrs.WheatleydecidedPhyllisshouldbecomeaChristian.”可知，最終，Wheatley夫人決定讓Phyllis成為一個(gè)基督徒。eventually“最后，終于”；ultimately“最后”；slowly“緩慢地”；reluctantly“不情愿地”；gradually“逐漸地”。所以，答案是A。

6.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutPhyllisintheearly1770s?A.Shewroteherfirstpoemwheninherteens.B.Shemarriedin1771.C.Shebecameateacher.D.Shewasabletogetherpoemspublished.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第一句“AttheageofthirteenPhylliswroteherfirstpoem.”可知，A項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Marymarriedin1771,andPhyllislatermovedtothecountrybecauseofpoorhealth,asateacherandcaretakertoafarmer'sthreechildren.”可知，C項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第三段第三句“Thirty-nineofherpoemswerepublishedinLondonas.PoemsonVarionsSubjects,ReligionsandMoral.”可知，D項(xiàng)也正確。文中提到Mary是在1771年結(jié)婚，所以B項(xiàng)不正確。所以，答案是B。

7.

Theunderlinedword"they"inParagraph2refersto______.A.publishersB.poemsC.childrenD.blackpeople正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。將解題點(diǎn)定位在第二段最后一句“MaryhadtriedtointerestpublishersinPhyllis'spoemsbutoncetheyheardshewasaNegrotheyweren'tinterested.”，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，they是指該句前半部分提到的publishers。所以，答案是A。

8.

ItcanbeinferredthatPhyllis'striptoEnglandwithNathanielin1773______.A.didnotimproveherhealthB.wasforbusinessreasonsC.ledtobooksofherpoemsbeingavailableinAmericaD.ledtothepublicationofherpoemsbecausetheEnglishweremoreinterestedinreligiousandmoralsubjects正確答案：A[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Itwasthoughtthataseavoyagemightimproveherhealth.”可知，人們認(rèn)為海上航行可能會改善他的身體狀況，但這只是人們的希望，并不一定能實(shí)現(xiàn)。所以，答案是A。

9.

Theword"extolling"isclosestinmeaningto______.A.welcomingB.statingC.bemoaningD.praising正確答案：D[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第三段第五句“In1775PhylliswroteapoemextollingtheaccomplishmentsofGeorgeWashingtonandsentittohim.”可知，Phyllis寫詩“extolling”華盛頓的成就并將詩送給他。因此，extolling應(yīng)為“贊美”之意，welcoming“歡迎”；stating“陳述”；bemoaning“抱怨”；praising“表揚(yáng)”。所以，答案是D。

10.

WhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutPhyllisissupportedbythepassage?A.Shewouldhavebeenmorerecognizedasapoetifshehadnotbeenblack.B.ShewouldhavewrittenpoetryifshehadstayedinAfrica.C.Shewentunrecognizedasapoetduringherlifetime.D.Sheonlywrotereligiouspoetry.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，Phyllis才華橫溢，十二歲就能讀希臘、羅馬名著和《圣經(jīng)》，十三歲時(shí)就寫出了第一首詩；但當(dāng)出版商得知她是黑人就對她不感興趣了。因此我們可以得出：如果她不是黑人，她會得到更多的認(rèn)可。所以，答案是A。

Somepeopleassociatemigrationmainlywithbirds.Birdsdotravelvastdistances,butmammalsalsomigrate.Anexampleisthecaribou,reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada.Whentheweatherturnscold,theytravelsouthuntilspring.Theirtracksaresowell-wornthattheyareclearlyvisiblefromtheair.AnothermigratingmammalistheAlaskafurseal.ThesesealsbreedonlyinthePribilotIslandsintheBeringSea.TheyoungareborninJuneandbySeptemberarestrongenoughtogowiththeirmothersonajourneyofover3,000miles.TogethertheyswimdownthePacificCoastofNorthAmerica.ThefemalesandyoungtravelasfarassouthernCalifornia.Themalesdonotjourneysofar.TheyswimonlytotheGulfofAlaska.Inthespring,malesandfemalesallreturntotheislands,andtherethecyclebeginsagain.Whalesareamongthegreatestmigratorsofall.Thehumpbackandbluewhalesmigratethousandsofmileseachyearfromthepolarseastothetropics.Whaleseathugequantitiesofplankton.Thesearemostabundantincoldpolarwaters.Inwinter,thewhalesmovetowarmwaterstobreedandgivebirthtotheiryoung.11.

Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat______.A.peoplemigratelikeanimalsB.onlybirdsmigrateC.thefemalefursealsmigrateonlytotheGulfofAlaskaD.notallmammalsmigrate正確答案：D[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)常識可知，A項(xiàng)不正確；根據(jù)第一段第二句“Birdsdotravelvastdistances,butmammalsalsomigrate.”可知，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段第六、七句“AnothermigratingmammalistheAlaskafurseal.ThesesealsbreedonlyinthePribilotIslandsintheBeringSea.”可知，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；故這三項(xiàng)均可排除。所以，答案是D。

12.

Thephrase"Anexample"underlinedinParagraph1referstoanexampleofa______.A.migratorymammalB.placewhereanimalsmigrateC.migratingbirdD.personwhoassociatesmigrationwithbirds正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二、三句“Birdsdotravelvastdistances,butmammalsalsomigrate.Anexampleisthecaribou...”可知，上文提到哺乳動物也遷徙；緊接著就說其中一個(gè)例子是……。所以，這個(gè)例子應(yīng)指遷徙的哺乳動物了。所以，答案是A。

13.

AllthemammalsalementionedasmigratingonesEXCEPT______.A.caribouB.finwhaleC.reindeerD.Alaskafurseal正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三句和第六句“Anexampleisthecaribou,reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada.AnothermigratingmammalistheAlaskafurseal.”可知，caribou,reindeer和Alaskafurseal都被以哺乳動物提及。所以，只有B項(xiàng)沒有提及。所以，答案是B。

14.

Wherecanyouseefromtheairthemigrationofthemammals?A.InthePribilotIslands.B.IntheBeringSea.C.InsouthernCalifornia.D.InnorthernCanada.正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三、五句“Anexampleisthecaribou,reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada...Theirtracksarcsowell-wornthattheyareclearlyvisiblefromtheair.”可知，馴鹿在加拿大北部的草原吃草，他們的遷徙路徑可以清晰地從空中看到。因此，答案為D。

15.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Whalesbreedinwinter.B.Youngwhalesalegivenbirthincoldwaters.C.Alaskafursealsgivebirthtotheyoungonlyinonearea.D.Alaskafursealsareborninwarmweather.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查是非判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Inwinter,thewhalesmovetowarmwaterstobreedandgivebirthtotheiryoung.”可知，在冬天，Alaskafurseals遷徙到溫水中去繁殖和生養(yǎng)后代。故B項(xiàng)說法不正確。所以，答案是B。

16.

Together______ofAlaskafursealsswimdownthePacificCoastofNorthAmerica.A.mothersandtheyoungB.fathersandtheyoungC.parentsandtheyoungD.sealsandwhales正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章中的“TheyoungareborninJuneandbySeptemberarestrongenoughtogowiththeirmothersonajourneyofover3,000miles.TogethertheyswimdownthePacificCoastofNorthAmerica.ThefemalesandyoungtravelasfarassouthernCalifornia.Themalesdonotjourneysofar.”可知，母海豹和幼海豹會從白令海到北美太平洋海岸；而公海豹也會從白令海南下，只不過他們沒有母海豹和幼海豹走得遠(yuǎn)罷了。所以，答案是C。

17.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTdescribedinthepassage?A.Whalesmigratetobreedandgivebirthtotheiryoung.B.Whale-watchinginBostoninsummerisattracting.C.Sealsbreedinthenorthbeforemigration.D.Reindeerfeedongrass.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查是非判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Inwinter,thewhalesmovetowarmwaterstobreedandgivebirthtotheiryoung.”第七句“ThesesealsbreedonlyinthePribilotIslandsintheBeringSea.”第三句“Anexampleisthecaribou,reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada.”可知，A、C、D三句在文中都有提及。只有B項(xiàng)在文中沒有提到。所以，答案是B。

18.

Whalesliveon______.A.tinyplantsandanimalsintheseaB.thegrassyslopesofnorthernCanadaC.theiryoungincoldwinterD.theabundantseafoodintropicwaters正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三、四句“Whaleseathugequantitiesofplankton(浮游生物).Thesearemostabundantincoldpolarwaters.”可知，鯨以大量浮游生物為生。所以，答案是A。

19.

Howmanykindsofmigratingmammalsarementionedinthepassage?A.Four.B.Three.C.Two.D.One.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。閱讀文章可知，文中主要提到了reindeer,theAlaskafurseal和Whales這三種遷徙的哺乳動物。所以，答案是B。

20.

Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ThreeTypesofWhalesB.BirdsMigrationC.MammalsAlsoMigrateD.SeveralKindsofMigration正確答案：C[解析]本題考查主旨大意。閱讀全文可知，本文主要講不僅僅是鳥類遷徙，一些哺乳動物也遷徙，并講述了三種遷徙的哺乳動物。文章并未仔細(xì)談及幾種類型的遷徙。所以，答案是C。

Electronicmailhasbecomeanextremelyimportantandpopularmeansofcommunication.

Theconvenienceandefficiencyofelectronicmailarethreatenedbytheextremelyrapidgrowthinthevolumeofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmail.Unsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailiscurrentlyestimatedtoaccountforoverhalfofallelectronicmailtraffic,upfromanestimated7percentin2001,andthevolumecontinuestorise.Mostofthesemessagesarefraudulentordeceptiveinoneormorerespects.

Thereceiptofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailmayresultincoststorecipientswhocannotrefusetoacceptsuchmailandwhoincurcostsforthestorageofsuchmail,orforthetimespentaccessing,reviewing,anddiscardingsuchmail,orforboth.Thereceiptofalargenumberofunwantedmessagesalsodecreasestheconvenienceofelectronicmailandcreatesariskthatwantedelectronicmailmessages,bothcommercialandnoncommercial,willbelost,overlooked,ordiscardedamidstthelargervolumeofunwantedmessages,thusreducingthereliabilityandusefulnessofelectronicmailtotherecipient.Somecommercialelectronicmailcontainsmaterialthatmanyrecipientsmayconsidervulgarorpornographicinnature.

ThegrowthinunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailimposessignificantmonetarycostsonprovidersofInternetaccessservices,businesses,andeducationalandnonprofitinstitutionsthatcarryandreceivesuchmail,asthereisafinitevolumeofmailthatsuchproviders,businesses,andinstitutionscanhandlewithoutfurtherinvestmentininfrastructure.Manysendersofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailpurposefullydisguisethesourceofsuchmail.

Manysendersofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailpurposefullyincludemisleadinginformationinthemessages'subjectlinesinordertoinducetherecipientstoviewthemessages.Whilesomesendersofcommercialelectronicmailmessagesprovidesimpleandreliablewaysforrecipientstoreject(or"opt-out"of)receiptofcommercialelectronicmailfromsuchsendersinthefuture,othersendersprovidenosuch"opt-out"mechanism,orrefusetohonortherequestsofrecipientsnottoreceiveelectronicmailfromsuchsendersinthefuture,orboth.

ManysendersofbulkunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailusecomputerprogramstogatherlargenumbersofelectronicmailaddressesonanautomatedbasisfromInternetwebsitesoronlineserviceswhereusersmustposttheiraddressesinordertomakefulluseofthewebsiteorservice.

Theproblemsassociatedwiththerapidgrowthandabuseofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailcannotbesolvedbythegovernmentalone.Thedevelopmentandadoptionoftechnologicalapproachesandthepursuitofcooperativeeffortswithothercountrieswillbenecessaryaswell.21.

Accordingtothepassage,efficiencyofe-mailisthreatenedby______.A.heavye-mailtrafficB.fraudulente-mailmessagesC.largevolumeofmessagesD.increasingamountofunwantede-mail正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Theconvenienceandefficiencyofelectronicmailarethreatenedbyunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmail”，從第三段得知unsolicitedcommercialelectronicmail指的是unwantedmessages。所以，答案是D。

22.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutunwantede-mail?A.Itcostsmoneytoreceivethem.B.It'sfreetostorethem.C.Ittakestimetoaccessthem.D.Ittakestimetothrowthemaway.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查是非判斷。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Thereceiptofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailmayresultincoststorecipientswhocannotrefusetoacceptsuchmailandwhoincurcostsforthestorageofsuchmail,orforthetimespentaccessing,reviewing,anddiscardingsuchmail,orforboth.”可知，A、C、D三項(xiàng)均正確；根據(jù)此句可知，儲存此信息要收費(fèi)用，因此選項(xiàng)B不正確。所以，答案是B。

23.

Unwantede-mailmay______.A.causecompaniestofailinbusinessB.causewantede-mailmessagestoloseC.damagethecreditofacompanyD.dogoodtoasmallcompany正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“Thereceiptofalargenumberofunwantedmessagesalsodecreasestheconvenienceofelectronicmailandcreatesariskthatwantedelectronicmailmessages,bothcommercialandnoncommercial,willbelost,overlooked,ordiscarded...”可知，收到大量垃圾短信有可能會使有用的信息丟失。所以，答案是B。

24.

"Pornographic"inParagraph3probablymeans______.A.decentB.instructionalC.sexualD.commercial正確答案：C[解析]本題考查詞義理解。將解題點(diǎn)定位在第三段最后一句“Somecommercialelectronicmailcontainsmaterialthatmanyrecipientsmayconsidervulgarorpornographicinnature.”or前后連接的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該相近，因此，pornographic應(yīng)與or前面的vulgar“粗俗的”近義；decent“正派的，有分寸的”，instructional“指導(dǎo)的，教育的”，sexual“性的”，commercial“商業(yè)的”。pornographic“色情的”。所以，答案是C。

25.

Whatdoesunwantede-mailmessagesdototheprovidersoftheInternetservices?A.Raisingtheircost.B.RaisingtheInternetspeed.C.Improvingtheirbusiness.D.Attractinginvestment.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“ThegrowthinunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailimposessignificantmonetarycostsonprovidersofInternetaccessservices,businesses,andeducationalandnonprofitinstitutionsthat...”可知，未加選擇的商業(yè)電子郵件的增多會增加因特網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商的費(fèi)用。所以，答案是A。

26.

"Disguise"inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto______.A.revealB.hideC.deliverD.post正確答案：B[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句“Manysendersofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailpurposefullydisguisethesourceofsuchmail.”可知，很多未加選擇的商業(yè)電子郵件的發(fā)送者會故意disguise此類郵件的來源。根據(jù)上文可知，未加選擇的商業(yè)電子郵件有許多危害，所以發(fā)送者不希望人們知道信息來源；因此，hide“隱藏，掩飾”符合語境。reveal“展現(xiàn)，揭示”；deliver“遞送，陳述”；post“郵遞，張貼”；均不正確。disguise“隱瞞，掩飾”。所以，答案是B。

27.

Theword"induce"inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto______.A.cheatB.introduceC.provideD.harm正確答案：A[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“Manysendersofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailpurposefullyincludemisleadinginformationinthemessages'subjectlinesinordertoinducetherecipientstoviewthemessages”可知，很多未加選擇的商業(yè)電子郵件的發(fā)送者會故意包含一些誤導(dǎo)人的信息以induce郵件的接收者。cheat“欺騙，騙取”，introduce“介紹”，provide“提供”，harm“傷害”，A項(xiàng)意思符合語境。所以，答案是A。

28.

"Opt-out"mechanismisprobably______.A.amachinethatcanbeattachedtoyourcomputerB.abuttonthatyoucanmakeachoicetoreadornottoreadC.asoftwarethatyoucanplayacomputergameD.ane-mailthatsayssomegoodwordstoyou正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。解題點(diǎn)位于第五段第二句“Whilesomesendersofcommercialelectronicmailmessagesprovidesimpleandreliablewaysforrecipientstoreject(or'opt-out'of)receiptofcommercialelectronicmailfromsuchsendersinthefuture,othersendersprovidenosuch'opt-out'mechanism,orrefusetohonortherequestsofrecipientsnottoreceiveelectronicmailfromsuchsendersinthefuture,orboth.”分析句子可知，一些垃圾郵件發(fā)送者為接收者提供一些簡單可靠的方式讓他們拒絕在以后受到此類信息，而另一些發(fā)送者不提供此類方式。'opt-out'mechanism應(yīng)指“提供一些簡單可靠的方式讓他們拒絕在以后受到此類信息”，即接收者有權(quán)選擇讀或是不讀此類信息。所以，答案是B。

29.

ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph6thatbulkunsolicitedcommerciale-mailwillprobablyspread______.A.harmfulvirusB.unpleasantnewsC.advertisementsD.adultjokes正確答案：C[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第六段內(nèi)容可知，未加選擇的商業(yè)電子郵件的發(fā)送者利用電腦程序自動從國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)站或在線服務(wù)來收集大量的e-mail地址，他們會向這些地址發(fā)送unwantedmessages，發(fā)送這些郵件的目的當(dāng)然是發(fā)送廣告。所以，答案是C。

30.

Theunwantede-mailproblemcanbesolvedif______.A.thegovernmenttakesactionB.anewtechnologyisadoptedC.morepeopleareawareoftheproblemD.jointeffortsaremadeandnewtechnologyisused正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Theproblemsassociatedwiththerapidgrowthandabuseofunsolicitedcommercialelectronicmailcannotbesolvedbythegovernmentalone.Thedevelopmentandadoptionoftechnologicalapproachesandthepursuitofcooperativeeffortswithothercountrieswillbenecessaryaswell.”可知，A、B兩項(xiàng)均不全面；C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容未提及。只有D項(xiàng)“人們共同的努力和新技術(shù)的使用”最全面。所以，答案是D。

Thefirstandmostimportantagentsofsocializationarethepeoplewhocareforinfants.Intheearliestmonths,messagesfromnurturersconstitutethechild'sbasicunderstandingoftheworldaroundit.Thisistheinfant'sfirstintroductiontothelanguagethatshapesperceptionandelicitsemotion.

Anotherpowerfulsourceofinformationandsocializationisthefriendshipofpeers.Peersareequalsthatonecandealwithonthesamelevelasoneself,whereasparentsaresuperiors.Theheavyemotionaloverlayoffamilyrelationshipsmakessomekindsoflearningdifficult.

Muchformalsocializationisplacedinthehandsofprofessionals.Teachersfromkindergartenonarespecificallydesignatedagentsofsocialization.Ideally,ateacherisonewhohasbothknowledgeandtheskillstopresentit.Duringthecourseofteachingtheirsubjects,classroominstructorsproviderolemodelsandattempttoconveytheexcitementoflearningitself.

Inearliertimes,parents,friendsandteacherswouldcomprisethelistofprimarychildhoodsocializers.Children'sbooks,comicsandmagazinesmightalsohavebeenmentionedassourcesofinformationonnormsandrolemodels.Todayonemustaddthreepowerfulindirectornon-personalsocializationagents:radio,moviesandtelevision.Manypeoplelearnaboutpolitics,formavisionofwell-being,anddevelopattitudestowardsothersfromwhattheyseeonthescreenandhearthroughthespeakers.31.

Inthispassage,agentsofsocializationreferto______.A.themediaB.individualsC.allchannelsD.organizations正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Thefirstandmostimportantagentsofsocializationarethepeoplewhocareforinfants.”和第二段第一句“Anotherpowerfulsourceofinformationandsocializationisthefriendshipofpeers.”可知，agentsofsocialization是sourceofinformationandsocialization，即是信息和社會渠道。因此，正確答案是C。

32.

Theauthor'schiefagentsincludethefollowingEXCEPTthe______.A.familyB.groupC.schoolD.Internet正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Thefirstandmostimportantagentsofsocializationarethepeoplewhocareforinfants.”第二段第一句“Anotherpowerfulsourceofinformationandsocializationisthefriendshipofpeers.”和第三段第一二句“Muchformalsocializationisplacedinthehandsofprofessionals.Teachersfromkindergartenonarespecificallydesignatedagentsofsocialization.”可知，A、B、C三項(xiàng)均正確。只有D項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及。故答案是D。

33.

Thechild'sbasicunderstandingoftheworldarounditisformed______.A.atkindergartenB.intheearliestmonthsC.byclassroominstructorsD.throughinteractionwithparents正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Intheearliestmonths,messagesfromnurturersconstitutethechild'sbasicunderstandingoftheworldaroundit.”可知，答案是B。

34.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Languageshapesaninfant'sperception.B.Languageelicitsaninfant'semotions.C.Languageformsaninfant'sculturalawareness.D.Languageformsaninfant'sbasicunderstanding.正確答案：C[解析]本題考查非題判斷。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“Intheearliestmonths,messagesfromnurturersconstitutethechild'sbasicunderstandingoftheworldaroundit.Thisistheinfant'sfirstintroductiontothelanguagethatshapesperceptionandelicitsemotion.”可知，A、B、D三項(xiàng)均正確。只有C項(xiàng)在文中未提及。所以，答案是C。

35.

Accordingtothispassage,______makessomekindoflearningdifficult.A.longdistanceB.formalityC.muchindulgenceD.familyinfluence正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Theheavyemotionaloverlayoffamilyrelationshipsmakessomekindsoflearningdifficult.”可知，令某種學(xué)習(xí)困難的是Theheavyemotionaloverlayoffamilyrelationships，即D項(xiàng)familyinfluence。所以，答案是D。

36.

Peersareoneofthe______agentsofsocialization.A.formalB.indirectC.primaryD.personal正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“Inearliertimes,parents,friendsandteacherswouldcomprisethelistofprimarychildhoodsocializers.”可知，其中的friends即本題中所指的peers。所以，答案是C。

37.

______arethefirstformalsocializationagents.A.InfantnurturersB.FamilymembersC.GrouppeersD.Schoolteachers正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段前兩句“Muchformalsocializationisplacedinthehandsofprofessionals.Teachersfromkindergartenonarespecificallydesignatedagentsofsocialization.”可知，其中的professionals和后面的teachersfromkindergartenon指的即是從幼兒園開始的教師教育。所以，答案是D。

38.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTimpliedinthepassage?A.Teachersaresociable.B.Teachersarerolemodels.C.Teachersarepaidagentsofsocialization.D.Teachersareknowledgeableandskillful.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第三段第二、三、四句“Teachersfromkindergartenonarespecificallydesignatedagentsofsocialization.Ideally,ateacherisonewhohasbothknowledgeandtheskillstopresentit...classroominstructorsproviderolemodelsandattempttoconveytheexcitementoflearningitself.”可知，B和D兩項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)specificallydesignated...可推論出既然是委派，則應(yīng)該帶薪的，故C正確。因此，答案為A。

39.

______are/ispowerfulindirectsocializationagents.A.ParentsB.FriendsC.TeachersD.Themedia正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。將解題點(diǎn)定位于文章第四段倒數(shù)第二句“Todayonemustaddthreepowerfulindirectornon-personalsocializationagents:radio,moviesandtelevision.”其中廣播、電影和電視均屬于媒體。因此，答案是D。

40.

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ChildhoodSocializersB.Norms&RoleModelsC.SourcesofInformationD.AgentsofSocialization正確答案：D[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文全從頭至尾主要是列舉一些重要的agentsofsocialization/sourceofinformationandsocialization，因此，D項(xiàng)為文章最佳標(biāo)題。而A、B、C三項(xiàng)均比較片面。所以，答案是D。

Cooperationisthecommonendeavoroftwoormorepeopletoperformataskorreachajointlycherishedgoal.Likecompetitionandconflict.therearedifferentformsofcooperation,basedongrouporganizationandattitudes.

Inthefirstform,knownasprimarycooperation,groupandindividualunite.Thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachindividual'slife,Therewardsofthegroup'sworkaresharedwitheachmember.Thereisaninterlockingidentityofindividual,group,andtaskperformed.Meansandgoalsbecomeone,forcooperationitselfisvalued.

Whileprimarycooperationismostoftencharacteristicofpreliteratesocieties,secondarycooperationischaracteristicofmanymodernsocieties.Insecondarycooperation,individualsdevoteonlypartoftheirlivestothegroup.Cooperationitselfisnotavalue.Mostmembersofthegroupfeelloyalty,butthewelfareofthegroupisnotthefirstconsideration.Membersperformtaskssothattheycanseparatelyenjoythefruitsoftheircooperationintheformofsalary,prestige,orpower.Businessofficesandprofessionalathleticteamsareexamplesofsecondarycooperation.

Inthethirdtype,calledtertiarycooperationoraccommodation,latentconflictunderliesthesharedwork.Theattitudesofthecooperatingpartiesarepurelyopportunistic;theorganizationislooseandfragile.Accommodationinvolvescommonmeanstoachieveantagonisticgoals;itbreaksdownwhenthecommonmeansceasetoaideachpartyinreachingitsgoals.Thisisnot,strictlyspeaking,cooperationatall,andhencethesomewhatcontradictorytermantagonisticcooperationissometimesusedforthisrelationship.41.

Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinParagraph1ofthepassage?A.ToexplainhowcooperationdiffersfromcompetitionandconflictB.ToshowtheimportanceofgrouporganizationandattitudesC.ToofferabriefdefinitionofcooperationD.Tourgereaderstocooperatemoreoften正確答案：C[解析]本題考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章第一段“Cooperationisthecommonendeavoroftwoormorepeopletoperformataskorreachajointlycherishedgoal.Likecompetitionandconflict,therearedifferentformsofcooperation,basedongrouporganizationandattitudes.”可知，此句主要是解釋Cooperation的定義，隨后又作了類比。所以，答案是C。

42.

Theunderlinedword"cherished"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.prizedB.basedonC.definedD.setup正確答案：A[解析]本題考查推理判斷。reachajointlycherishedgoal應(yīng)與or前的performatask同義或近義；后者表示“完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)”，所以前者表示“達(dá)到一個(gè)共同______的目標(biāo)”。prized“有價(jià)值的”，basedon“基于”，defined“定義”，setup“建立”。比較可知，答案是A。

43.

Intheprimarycooperation______.A.groupandindividualdon'thavetouniteB.thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachperson'slifeC.individualsworkforthemselvesD.peopledon'tvaluecooperation正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句及第二句“Inthefirstform,knownasprimarycooper