2024-2025學(xué)年安徽省皖南八校高三上學(xué)期第一次大聯(lián)考英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1安徽省皖南八校2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次大聯(lián)考英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFourBeautifulResortsattheEastCoastofSriLankaAurugamBayBasedonthesandsofPottuvil,thebestcabanahideawayistheJetwingSurf.Youcanfindavarietyofactivities,suchasplayingwatervolleyball,boatsalaris(游獵)inPottuvillagoon(環(huán)礁湖)andUraniriver,cookerydemonstrations,joiningfishingwithlocals,alsoyoucanvisitgaloya,LahugalaandKumananationalparkswhicharerichinbio-diversity.WildGlampingGalOyaWiththemainthemeofofferingyouthecomfortofnature,youareblessedwiththerarechanceofexperiencingtheorganicfarmingandcultureofSriLanka.Also,youarejuststepsawayfromhavingthebestculturalexperiencewiththeancienttribeVeddas—SriLanka’sindigenous(本地的)population.MaaluResort&SpaYoufindMaaluResort&SparightonPasikudaBeach,whichholdsaseriesoflowbuildingswithroofsbuiltwiththeinspirationoftraditionalfishingvillage,alsoknownaswaadiya.Someofthehouseshavepoolsandsteamroomsforkids.KalkudahBeachBeingtheonlyresortattheKalkudahbeach,withcalm-horizonviewsandpalmlandsstandstheluxurious17tentedsuitesofKarpahaSands.Toawakenyoursouls,youcanbatheinthewarmocean,ridebikestoexploretheareawhichisreallybreathtaking,enjoythewonderfulrelaxationattwin-roomedspa,gokayakingandjetskiing,evenenjoyacookingsessionwiththechefs.AllofSrilankabesthostelsarepopular,especiallyinhigh-season.Tomakesureyouendupinthosestylishandgoodhotels,secureyourroom/bedassoonasyouhaveyourtraveldatesfixed.1.Whichplaceismorechild-friendly?A.AurugamBay. B.WildGlampingGalOya.C.MaaluResort&Spa. D.KalkudahBeach.2.WhatdoAurugamBayandKalkudahBeachhaveincommon?A.Theybothholdcookingcontests. B.Theybothhavewildlifeparks.C.Theybothofferwatersports. D.Theybothprovideprivatechefs.3.Whatarevisitorsadvisedtodo?A.Buytravelinsuranceforfree. B.Haveanyactivitiesindryseason.C.SwimanddiveinJanuary. D.Reservearoominadvance.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是關(guān)于斯里蘭卡東海岸四個(gè)美麗度假村的介紹?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MaaluResort&.Spa部分的“Someofthehouseshavepoolsandsteamroomsforkids.(一些房子有供孩子們使用的游泳池和蒸汽浴室。)”可知，MaaluResort&Spa有供孩子們使用的設(shè)施，因此選項(xiàng)C“MaaluResort&Spa”更適合兒童。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AurugamBay部分中的“Youcanfindavarietyofactivities,suchasplayingwatervolleyball,boatsafarisinPottuvillagoonandUraniriver,cookerydemonstrations...(你可以找到各種各樣的活動(dòng)，比如在水上打排球、在波杜維爾瀉湖和烏拉尼河進(jìn)行乘船探險(xiǎn)、烹飪演示……)”和KalkudahBeach部分中的“...enjoythewonderfulrelaxationattwin-roomedspa,gokayakingandjetskiing,evenenjoyacookingsessionwiththechefs(……在雙人水療室享受絕佳的放松體驗(yàn)，去劃皮劃艇和噴射快艇，甚至還可以和大廚一起享受烹飪的樂趣。)”可知，這兩個(gè)地方都提供水上運(yùn)動(dòng)是它們的共同點(diǎn)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Tomakesureyouendupinthosestylishandgoodhotels,secureyourroom/bedassoonasyouhaveyourtraveldatesfixed.(為了確保你能住在那些時(shí)尚且優(yōu)質(zhì)的酒店里，一旦你確定了旅行日期，就立即預(yù)訂你的房間/床位。)”可知，建議游客提前預(yù)訂房間。故選D。BAteacherteachesstay-at-homemothershowtomakecakesatavocationalschoolinChangledistrict,Fuzhou,capitalofsoutheastChina’sFujianProvince.Jobstailoredformotherswhoarestillofworkingageandhavechildrenaged12andbelowarehelpingthemovercomere-employmentdifficultiestosomeextentandstrikeabalancebetweenworkandtakingcareoftheirkids.Thisisanemploymentmodelthathasbeenwidelypopularwithstay-at-homemothersacrossChina.PiRongjie,whosechildis4yearsold,worksforanLEDfactorynearherchild’skindergarteninJing’ancounty,Yichuncity,eastChina’sJiangxiProvince.Unlikehercolleaguesonthecompany’sotherproductionlines,mothersworkingunderthismodelincludingPicanclockinhalfanhourlaterandfinishadaybetween5p.m.and6p.m.Inadditiontoprovidingflexibleworkinghours,someregionsareoptimizing(優(yōu)化)theworkingenvironmentandmodeltobetterhelpyoungmothersthroughmeasuressuchasallowingthemtotaketheirchildrentotheworkplaceandsettingupcommunity-basedworkshopsforthem.Moreover,organizationssuchaswomen’sfederationsshouldkeepclosecontactwithmothersworkingunderthismodel,safeguardtheirlegitimate(合法的)rightsandinterests,listentotheviewsofemployers,andimprovemechanismsforlabordisputemediation(調(diào)解)toensurethehealthydevelopmentofthisflexibleemploymentmodel.Meanwhile,thedevelopmentofsomenewbusinessmodelsinChinasuchaslivestreaminge-commercehasbroughtmoreoptionsformothersseekingflexibleemployment.Forexample,positionsformothersincludingoperationalstaff,livestreamers,andcustomerservicestaffallowthemtoworkfromhome.4.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph1?A.Tostresstheimportanceofteachers. B.Tostatetheprocessoftheteaching.C.Togiveanexampleofthejobmodel. D.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“clockin”inParagraph3referto?A.gettingtowork. B.workingovertime. C.settingtheclock. D.checkingin.6.Whatisstressedinthelastbutoneparagraph?A.Opinionssomeregionsandorganizationsshare.B.Workingenvironmentsomeplacesareoptimizing.C.Measurestakentopromotetheemploymentmodel.D.Benefitsstay-at-homemothersacrossChinaenjoy.7.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.JobstailoredformotherspopularinChina. B.Otherexamplesofflexiblejobsformothers.C.Differentcommentsmadeonlivestreaming. D.Theachievementsmadebythee-commerce.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章講述了幫助在家?guī)薜膵寢屧倬蜆I(yè)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段“Ateacherteachesstay-at-homemothershowtomakecakesatavocationalschoolinChangledistrict,Fuzhou,capitalofsoutheastChina’sFujianProvince.(在中國東南部福建省省會(huì)福州市長(zhǎng)樂區(qū)的一所職業(yè)學(xué)校，一名老師正在教全職媽媽們?nèi)绾巫龅案狻?”中描寫的場(chǎng)景是為了引出文章的主題“幫助在家?guī)薜膵寢屧倬蜆I(yè)”。故選D?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“mothersworkingunderthismodelincludingPicanclockinhalfanhourlaterandfinishadaybetween5p.m.and6p.m.(在這種模式下工作的母親們，包括皮，可以晚半小時(shí)clockin，在下午5點(diǎn)到下午6點(diǎn)之間完成一天的工作。)”和第四段“flexibleemploymentmodel(靈活就業(yè)模式)”可推知，clockin是“上班打卡”的意思。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inadditiontoprovidingflexibleworkinghours,someregionsareoptimizing(優(yōu)化)theworkingenvironmentandmodeltobetterhelpyoungmothersthroughmeasuressuchasallowingthemtotaketheirchildrentotheworkplaceandsettingupcommunity-basedworkshopsforthem.Moreover,organizationssuchaswomen’sfederationsshouldkeepclosecontactwithmothersworkingunderthismodel,safeguardtheirlegitimate(合法的)rightsandinterests,listentotheviewsofemployers,andimprovemechanismsforlabordisputemediation(調(diào)解)toensurethehealthydevelopmentofthisflexibleemploymentmodel.(除了提供靈活的工作時(shí)間外，一些地區(qū)正在優(yōu)化工作環(huán)境和模式，通過允許年輕母親帶孩子去工作場(chǎng)所和為她們?cè)O(shè)立社區(qū)講習(xí)班等措施，更好地幫助年輕母親。此外，婦聯(lián)等組織應(yīng)密切聯(lián)系靈活就業(yè)模式下的母親，維護(hù)其合法權(quán)益，聽取用人單位意見，完善勞動(dòng)爭(zhēng)議調(diào)解機(jī)制，確保靈活就業(yè)模式的健康發(fā)展。)”可知，本段主要提及推動(dòng)這種就業(yè)模式所采取的措施。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Meanwhile,thedevelopmentofsomenewbusinessmodelsinChinasuchaslivestreaminge-commercehasbroughtmoreoptionsformothersseekingflexibleemployment.Forexample,positionsformothersincludingoperationalstaff,livestreamers,andcustomerservicestaffallowthemtoworkfromhome.(與此同時(shí)，中國一些新商業(yè)模式的發(fā)展，如直播電子商務(wù)，為尋求靈活就業(yè)的媽媽們帶來了更多選擇。例如，包括運(yùn)營人員、直播員和客戶服務(wù)人員在內(nèi)的母親職位允許她們?cè)诩夜ぷ鳌?”可知，接下來作者會(huì)談?wù)撈渌撵`活就業(yè)崗位的例子。故選B。CFireseasonisapproachinginthemassiveYukonFlatsNationalWildlifeRefugeineastAlaska,wherefireshavelongbeenallowedtoburnuncheckedunlesstheythreatenhumanlifeandproperty.Butasclimatechangeincreasesthefrequencyofthesefires,theland’soverseers(監(jiān)督者)arechangingcourse.Workingwithscientists,refugemanagershavedesignedapilotprogrammetosendexperiencedfirefightingteamsintoremoteareastoprotectnotpeoplebutpermafrost(永久凍土).TheforestsoftheDenmark-sizedrefugecoveradeeplayerofpermafrost—frozengroundthatholdsenormousquantitiesofcarbonacrosstheNorthernHemisphere.Afterfiresremovevegetationandsoils,however,thatfrozengroundoftenbeginstomelt,releasingitsstoresofcarbondioxide(CO2)andothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.Newresearchsuggeststhattheresultingemissions,fromboththefiresthemselvesandthesubsequentpermafrostmelt,couldbeequaltothoseofamajorglobaleconomyoverthecourseofthiscentury.Thiscouldeffectivelyreducebyupto20%theamountofcarbondioxidethathumanitycanemitandstillmeetitsgoaloflimitingglobalwarmingto1.5℃abovepreindustriallevels.Ariseinfirefrequencycanhavecascadingeffects(級(jí)聯(lián)效應(yīng))ontheecosystem.Historically,northernforestshaveburntonceevery70-120years,whichgivestheblack-spruce(黑云杉)forestthatdominatestheecosystemenoughtimetoregenerateandrebuildcarboninthesoil.More-frequentfirescanburn‘legacy’carbonthathasaccumulatedovercenturiesandcanalsokillofftheblackspruce.Thatprovidesanopeningforleafydeciduous(落葉的)trees,whichdonotpromotethekindofcarbon-richsoilsthatseparatepermafrost.Firecontrolcouldhelptoputoffsomeoftheseeffects,buyinghumanitytimetoaddresstheclimatecrisis.Itcouldbeafewdecadesbeforescientistscandeterminewhethertheeffortpaysoff,butwehavetotry.8.Howdidtherefugeauthoritiesdealwithfiresinthepast?A.Theydroppedfirefightersbyparachute. B.Theytooknomeasuresiftherewasnothreat.C.Theyprotectedpermafrostratherthanpeople. D.Theysentwell-trainedpilotstoremoteareas.9.WhatareParagraphs2and3mainlyabout?A.Theeffectoffiresonpermafrost. B.Thenumbersofcarbonemissions.C.Theadvanceofglobaleconomy. D.Thetendencyofglobalwarming.10.Whichisnotmentionedconcerningthecascadingeffects?A.Moreemissionsofgreenhousegas. B.Moredestructionofblackspruce.C.Theriseofleafydeciduoustrees. D.Theincreaseincarbon-richsoils.11.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Addressingtheclimatecrisisiscreditedtofirefightingteams.B.Itisnogoodchangingthelong-standingfirecontrolpolicies.C.There’sstillalongwaytogobeforeaddressingclimatecrisis.D.Oureffortwilldefinitelypayoffifweprotectthepermafrost.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【語篇解讀】本文的體裁是說明文。文章主要介紹了阿拉斯加尤康平原國家野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)應(yīng)對(duì)火災(zāi)的新策略，以及火災(zāi)對(duì)永久凍土和碳排放的影響?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“FireseasonisapproachinginthemassiveYukonFlatsNationalWildlifeRefugeineastAlaska,wherefireshavelongbeenallowedtoburnuncheckedunlesstheythreatenhumanlifeandproperty.(阿拉斯加?xùn)|部大面積的育空平原國家野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)的火災(zāi)季節(jié)即將來臨，長(zhǎng)期以來，除非威脅到人類生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)，否則火災(zāi)一直被允許不受控制地燃燒)”可知，在過去，如果火災(zāi)不威脅人類生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)，避難當(dāng)局就不采取任何行動(dòng)。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第二段“TheforestsoftheDenmark-sizedrefugecoveradeeplayerofpermafrost—frozengroundthatholdsenormousquantitiesofcarbonacrosstheNorthernHemisphere.Afterfiresremovevegetationandsoils,however,thatfrozengroundoftenbeginstomelt,releasingitsstoresofcarbondioxide(CO2)andothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.(這個(gè)丹麥大小的保護(hù)區(qū)的森林覆蓋著一層很深的永久凍土層——整個(gè)北半球都儲(chǔ)存著大量的碳。然而，在火災(zāi)帶走植被和土壤之后，凍土往往開始融化，將其儲(chǔ)存的二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體釋放到大氣中)”和第三段中“Newresearchsuggeststhattheresultingemissions,fromboththefiresthemselvesandthesubsequentpermafrostmelt,couldbeequaltothoseofamajorglobaleconomyoverthecourseofthiscentury.(新的研究表明，火災(zāi)本身及其隨后的永久凍土融化所導(dǎo)致的排放量，在本世紀(jì)內(nèi)可能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主要全球經(jīng)濟(jì)體的排放量)”可知，這兩段主要討論了火災(zāi)對(duì)永久凍土的影響。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段“Ariseinfirefrequencycanhavecascadingeffects(級(jí)聯(lián)效應(yīng))ontheecosystem.Historically,northernforestshaveburntonceevery70-120years,whichgivestheblack-spruce(黑云杉)forestthatdominatestheecosystemenoughtimetoregenerateandrebuildcarboninthesoil.More-frequentfirescanburn‘legacy’carbonthathasaccumulatedovercenturiesandcanalsokillofftheblackspruce.Thatprovidesanopeningforleafydeciduous(落葉的)trees,whichdonotpromotethekindofcarbon-richsoilsthatseparatepermafrost.(火災(zāi)頻率的上升會(huì)對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生級(jí)聯(lián)效應(yīng)。歷史上，北部森林每70至120年才會(huì)發(fā)生一次火災(zāi)，這給了以黑云杉為主的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)足夠的時(shí)間來恢復(fù)和重建土壤中的碳。更加頻繁的火災(zāi)會(huì)燒毀數(shù)百年積累下來的“遺產(chǎn)”碳，還會(huì)殺死黑云杉。這為落葉樹的生長(zhǎng)提供了機(jī)會(huì)，而落葉樹并不會(huì)促進(jìn)那種能夠隔離永久凍土的富含碳的土壤的形成)”可知，“級(jí)聯(lián)效應(yīng)”中包含黑云杉的破壞、落葉樹的增多。由第二段中“Afterfiresremovevegetationandsoils,however,thatfrozengroundoftenbeginstomelt,releasingitsstoresofcarbondioxide(CO2)andothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.(然而，在火災(zāi)帶走植被和土壤之后，凍土往往開始融化，將其儲(chǔ)存的二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體釋放到大氣中)”可知，火災(zāi)移除植被和土壤后，凍土開始融化，釋放出其儲(chǔ)存的二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體到大氣中。這實(shí)際上是在描述火災(zāi)（以及隨后的凍土融化）導(dǎo)致的溫室氣體排放量增加，盡管沒有直接用“級(jí)聯(lián)效應(yīng)”來標(biāo)簽這一過程，但這個(gè)后果是火災(zāi)頻率增加后可能產(chǎn)生的一系列影響之一?！凹?jí)聯(lián)效應(yīng)”中并未提到增加富含碳的土壤。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Firecontrolcouldhelptoputoffsomeoftheseeffects,buyinghumanitytimetoaddresstheclimatecrisis.Itcouldbeafewdecadesbeforescientistscandeterminewhethertheeffortpaysoff,butwehavetotry.(控制火災(zāi)可以幫助延緩其中一些影響，為人類解決氣候危機(jī)贏得時(shí)間?？茖W(xué)家們可能需要幾十年的時(shí)間才能確定這些努力是否有回報(bào)，但我們必須嘗試)”可知，作者認(rèn)為解決氣候危機(jī)還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。故選C。DAnewcenterattheStanfordSchoolofEngineeringwillfundartificialintelligenceintheserviceofspacescience,exploration,andbusiness.TheCenterforAEroSpaceAutonomyResearch,orCAESAR,aimstomaketheseactivitiesmoreefficient,safe,andsustainable.ResearchersatthecentersaythatAIcouldoptimizenavigationforspacecraft,skillfullylandspacevehiclesonplanetsorasteroids(小行星),allowunmannedroverstomakedecisionsaboutwheretogo,whattoavoid,andwhattoanalyze,keeptabsonallthespacejunk(some60,000pieces,atlastcount)spinningaroundEarth,andmuchmore.Toenablesuchambitions,MarcoPavone,CAESARco-founderandassociateprofessorofaeronauticsandastronautics,announcedthatoneofthecenter’smainprojectswillbetodevelopafoundationmodelforspacepursuits.Afoundationmodelisakindofgeneral-purposeAIthat’strainedonhugeamountsofdataandcanhandleavarietyoftasks,likegeneratingtext,images,andevenvideos.“Thisspacefoundationmodel,”Pavonesaid,“willbedesignedtosynthesize(合成)informationacrossarangeofmodalities,includingvision,text,remotesensing(suchasmultispectralimageryandradar),andspace-objectcatalogs,andwillbecapableofaddressingavarietyofspace-relatedtasks,includingsituationalawareness,positioning,andnavigation.”SimoneD’Amico,CAESARco-founderandassociateprofessorofaeronauticsandastronautics,madeitclearthathe,Pavone,andtheircolleaguesplantoproceedcautiously,witheyeswideopentothepotentialpitfalls(隱患)ofpursuingAIforspacecraftandrobots.Hesaidthatinsomecases,AIcomponentsarenotthemosteffectivechoiceforspacesystems.“WefoundedCAESARwiththeobjectivetotackleunsolvedproblemsinspaceborneautonomythroughthewiseincorporation(合并)ofartificialintelligencecomponents,”D’Amicosaid.Thoughthespacefoundationmodelwillbeagamechanger,D’Amicoalsonotedtherestrictionsspaceimposesonthestartuptechnology.Forexample,spaceisadifficult,remoteenvironmentthat’snotreadilyavailableforAItraining,andpowerfulmicroprocessorsneededforAIarestillnotflexibletospaceradiation.12.WhatareCAESARintendedfor?A.Clearingupthespacejunk. B.DoingspaceactivitiesbyAI.C.Navigatingplanetsandasteroids. D.Raisingspace-relatedfund.13.WhatisoneofCAESAR’smainpursuitsaccordingtothetext?A.Todevelopafoundationmodeltohelpdealwithdifferentmissions.B.Toadopttheoff-the-beaten-trackincorporationofAIsets.C.Toprovideonce-and-for-allsolutionstospaceproblems.D.ToaddresspotentialpitfallsofAIusedinspaceexploration.14.WhatisD’Amico’sattitudetowardsCAESAR?A.Cautious. B.Unclear. C.Doubtful. D.Disapproving.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CAESAR’sExplorationinAsteroids B.CAESAR’sSuccessinEngineeringC.CAESAR’sAttemptwithSpace-relatedAI D.CAESAR’sRestrictionsonRobots【答案】12.B13.A14.A15.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了斯坦福工程學(xué)院新成立的空間自主研究中心（CAESAR）的情況，包括其成立目的、主要研究方向以及面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是CAESAR在太空相關(guān)的人工智能方面的嘗試?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AnewcenterattheStanfordSchoolofEngineeringwillfundartificialintelligenceintheserviceofspacescience,exploration,andbusiness.TheCenterforAEroSpaceAutonomyResearch,orCAESAR,aimstomaketheseactivitiesmoreefficient,safe,andsustainable.(斯坦福工程學(xué)院的一個(gè)新中心將為服務(wù)于太空科學(xué)、探索和商業(yè)的人工智能提供資金。航空航天自主研究中心（CAESAR）旨在使這些活動(dòng)更加高效、安全和可持續(xù)。)”可知，CAESAR的目的是用人工智能進(jìn)行太空活動(dòng)。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“MarcoPavone,CAESARco-founderandassociateprofessorofaeronauticsandastronautics,announcedthatoneofthecenter’smainprojectswillbetodevelopafoundationmodelforspacepursuits.(CAESAR聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人、航空航天學(xué)副教授馬可·帕沃內(nèi)宣布，該中心的主要項(xiàng)目之一是為太空探索開發(fā)一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)模型。)”可知，CAESAR的主要追求之一是開發(fā)一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)模型來幫助處理不同的任務(wù)。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“SimoneD’Amico,CAESARco-founderandassociateprofessorofaeronauticsandastronautics,madeitclearthathe,Pavone,andtheircolleaguesplantoproceedcautiously,witheyeswideopentothepotentialpitfalls(隱患)ofpursuingAIforspacecraftandrobots.(CAESAR聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人、航空航天學(xué)副教授西蒙·達(dá)米科明確表示，他、帕沃內(nèi)和他們的同事計(jì)劃謹(jǐn)慎行事，睜大眼睛注意在太空飛船和機(jī)器人上應(yīng)用人工智能的潛在隱患。)”可知，D’Amico對(duì)CAESAR的態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎的。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了斯坦福工程學(xué)院新成立的空間自主研究中心（CAESAR）的情況，包括其成立目的、主要研究方向以及面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是CAESAR在太空相關(guān)的人工智能方面的嘗試，因此選項(xiàng)C“CAESAR在太空相關(guān)人工智能方面的嘗試”作為標(biāo)題最符合文章主旨。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Collegeadmissionsexpertsoffertipsonhowtowriteacollegeessay.Forcollegeapplicants,theessayistheplacetoshowcasetheirwritingskillsandlettheiruniquevoiceshinethrough.___16___GettingStartedontheCollegeEssayAgoodtimeforstudentstobeginworkingontheiressaysisthesummerbeforesenioryear,whenhomeworkandextracurricularactivitiesaren’ttakinguptimeandenergy.___17___Studentscangoonlinetoreviewessayrequirements,suchaswordlimitsandessaytopics.ManystudentsmaystartwiththeCommonApp,anapplicationplatformacceptedbymorethan1,000schools.HowLongShouldaCollegeEssayBe?___18___“Whilewewon’tstopreadingafter650words,wecannotpromisethatanoverlywordyessaywillholdourattentionforaslongasyou’dhoped,”theCommonAppstates.___19___Themostdiscouragingstepintheessaywritingprocessisfiguringoutwhattowriteabout.Thereareseveraltopicstochoose.Theessayisn’tacompleteautobiography.It’soverwhelmingtothinkofputtingyourwholelifeinoneessay.Rather,studentsshouldnarrowtheirfocusandwriteaboutaspecificexperienceorhobbythatrevealssomethingpersonal,likehowtheythink,whattheyvalueorwhattheirstrengthsare.Studentscanalsowriteaboutsomethingthatillustratesanaspectoftheirbackground.___20___What’smostimportantisthatacollegeessayisthoughtfulandtellsastorythatoffersinsightintowhoastudentisasaperson.A.HowtoWriteaCollegeEssay.B.HowtoPickaCollegeEssayTopic.C.Thefollowingaretipsonwritingacollegeessay.D.Youshouldshowyourrespecttothecollegeteachers.E.Thesearethetypesofessaysthatstandouttoadmissionsofficers.F.Startingearlywillgivestudentsplentyoftimetoworkthroughtheessaybeforedeadlines.G.ThoughtheCommonAppnotestherearenostrictwordlimitforanessay,itsuggestsnomorethan650words.【答案】16.C17.F18.G19.B20.E【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了大學(xué)評(píng)審專家就如何寫大學(xué)論文提供了一些建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Collegeadmissionsexpertsoffertipsonhowtowriteacollegeessay.Forcollegeapplicants,theessayistheplacetoshowcasetheirwritingskillsandlettheiruniquevoiceshinethrough.(大學(xué)評(píng)審專家就如何寫大學(xué)論文提供了一些建議。對(duì)于大學(xué)申請(qǐng)者來說，論文是展示他們寫作技巧的地方，讓他們獨(dú)特的聲音閃耀)”可知，前面提出大學(xué)論文的重要性，并且專家給出一些建議，結(jié)合下文給出的三個(gè)具體的建議。由此可知，C.Thefollowingaretipsonwritingacollegeessay.(以下是寫大學(xué)論文的建議)承上啟下，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“GettingStartedontheCollegeEssay(開始寫大學(xué)論文)”及上文“Agoodtimeforstudentstobeginworkingontheiressaysisthesummerbeforesenioryear,whenhomeworkandextracurricularactivitiesaren’ttakinguptimeandenergy.(學(xué)生開始寫論文的好時(shí)機(jī)是大四前的夏天，此時(shí)作業(yè)和課外活動(dòng)不會(huì)占用時(shí)間和精力)”可知，本段是對(duì)開始寫論文的時(shí)間給出的建議，說的是時(shí)間問題。由此可知，F(xiàn).Startingearlywillgivestudentsplentyoftimetoworkthroughtheessaybeforedeadlines.(盡早開始會(huì)讓學(xué)生有足夠的時(shí)間在截止日期前完成論文)符合語境?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“HowLongShouldaCollegeEssayBe?”及下文“Whilewewon’tstopreadingafter650words,wecannotpromisethatanoverlywordyessaywillholdourattentionforaslongasyou’dhoped(雖然我們不會(huì)在650字之后停止閱讀，但我們不能保證一篇單詞過多的文章能像你希望的那樣吸引我們的注意力)”可知，本段對(duì)文章的長(zhǎng)度即詞數(shù)給出的建議。由此可知，G.ThoughtheCommonAppnotestherearenostrictwordlimitforanessay,itsuggestsnomorethan650words.(雖然通用應(yīng)用程序指出，文章沒有嚴(yán)格的字?jǐn)?shù)限制，但它建議不超過650詞)符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】該空為小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)下文“Themostdiscouragingstepintheessaywritingprocessisfiguringoutwhattowriteabout.Thereareseveraltopicstochoose.(在論文寫作過程中最令人沮喪的一步是弄清楚要寫什么。有好幾個(gè)主題可供選擇)”可知，本段主要是論文的主題選題問題方面的建議，topic為關(guān)鍵詞。由此可知，B.HowtoPickaCollegeEssayTopic.(如何選擇大學(xué)論文主題)符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Rather,studentsshouldnarrowtheirfocusandwriteaboutaspecificexperienceorhobbythatrevealssomethingpersonal,likehowtheythink,whattheyvalueorwhattheirstrengthsare.Studentscanalsowriteaboutsomethingthatillustratesanaspectoftheirbackground.(相反，學(xué)生應(yīng)該縮小他們的注意力范圍，寫一個(gè)具體的經(jīng)歷或愛好，揭示一些個(gè)人的東西，比如他們是如何思考的，他們看重什么，或者他們的優(yōu)勢(shì)是什么。學(xué)生也可以寫一些能說明他們背景的東西)”可知，上文就論文主題已給出了具體的建議，由此可知，E.Thesearethetypesofessaysthatstandouttoadmissionsofficers.(這些類型的論文對(duì)招生官來說很突出)符合語境，These指代上文likehowtheythink,whattheyvalueorwhattheirstrengthsare.及somethingthatillustratesanaspectoftheirbackground這些建議的題材。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Whennine-yearoldEllaGraceandCashDanielsmetinJuly2019,theyimmediatelyconnected.Withinashorttime,everything___21___,birthingtheCleanupKids—ayouth-lednon-profitorganizationdeterminedtomake___22___inenvironmentalconservation.Ella’s___23___fortheenvironmentstartedwithanearlyloveofsharksandmany___24___ofcleaninguptrashalongtheshoresofVeroBeach.ForCash,thespark(火花)was___25___atjustsevenyearsold,whenasingleplasticstrawonthebeach___26___hiseye.That’swhenhebecameawareofthecrisisfacingthousandsofturtles,seabirdsandotherwildlife,which___27___deathfromconsumingdiscardedplastic.Nowboth14,theymeetupinpersonfortheseaturtlerelease,scuba-divingorconference.In2022,outofmorethan700___28___fromacrossNorthAmerica,CashandEllawerechosenasoneof25projectstoreceivetheGloriaBarronPrizeforYoungHeroes.Thisannualawardrecognizes25___29___youngleaders,___30___fromtheU.S.“MyhopefortheCleanupKidsisthatit’snothundredsofkids,it’sthousandsofkidswhohavejoinedus.”saysElla.“Member___31___includeconductingatleastonecleanuppermonth,documentingandphotographingthecollectedtrash,countingeverypieceto___32___tothegoalofcollectingonemillionpiecesoftrashbyyear’send,and___33___andrecyclingitems.”Howtohaveaconsiderable___34___bothonpeopleandtheenvironment?Cash’sbestadviceisto___35___small.“Ibeganwithjustacouplecleanupswithmyfamily.Don’toverdoit,”hesays.“Andjustrememberthatkidsmaybeonlyasmallpartofthepopulation,butwe’re100percentofthefuture.”21.A.spedup B.workedout C.cameback D.calmeddown22.A.waves B.preparations C.discoveries D.noises23.A.talent B.passion C.opportunityD.memory24.A.experiments B.competitions C.appointmentsD.experiences25.A.set B.laid C.lit D.loaded26.A.interrupted B.stopped C.caught D.disturbed27.A.risk B.abandon C.fear D.miss28.A.schools B.applicants C.assistants D.families29.A.natural B.generous C.influential D.appropriate30.A.casually B.constantly C.rarely D.mainly31.A.benefits B.responsibilities C.rewards D.challenges32.A.compare B.contribute C.turn D.donate33.A.sorting B.saving C.making D.offering34.A.impact B.blame C.impression D.comment35.A.replace B.overcome C.reduce D.start【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.D25.C26.C27.A28.B29.C30.D31.B32.B33.A34.A35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了兩個(gè)青少年Ella和Cash創(chuàng)立環(huán)保組織CleanupKids，致力于環(huán)境保護(hù)的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，一切進(jìn)展順利，誕生了由青少年領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的非營利組織CleanupKids，致力于推動(dòng)環(huán)境保護(hù)。A.spedup加速；B.workedout進(jìn)展順利，成功地發(fā)展；C.cameback回來；D.calmeddown冷靜下來。根據(jù)后文“birthingtheCleanupKids”可知，CleanupKids這個(gè)組織誕生了，事情進(jìn)展順利。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，一切進(jìn)展順利，誕生了由青少年領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的非營利組織CleanupKids，致力于推動(dòng)環(huán)境保護(hù)。A.waves波浪；B.preparations準(zhǔn)備；C.discoveries發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.noises噪音。根據(jù)前文“birthingtheCleanupKids—ayouth-lednon-profitorganization”可知，這是一個(gè)致力于環(huán)保的組織，應(yīng)該是在環(huán)保方面掀起波瀾，產(chǎn)生影響。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Ella對(duì)環(huán)境的熱情始于對(duì)鯊魚的早期熱愛，以及在維羅海灘沿岸多次清理垃圾的經(jīng)歷。A.talent天賦；B.passion熱情；C.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；D.memory記憶。根據(jù)后文“anearlyloveofsharks”可知，Ella從小就很喜歡鯊魚，這里指的是Ella對(duì)環(huán)境的熱情。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Ella對(duì)環(huán)境的熱情始于對(duì)鯊魚的早期熱愛，以及在維羅海灘沿岸多次清理垃圾的經(jīng)歷。A.experiments實(shí)驗(yàn)；B.competitions比賽；C.appointments約會(huì)；D.experiences經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)后文“ofcleaninguptrashalongtheshoresofVeroBeach”可知，這是在描述Ella在海灘清理垃圾的經(jīng)歷。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)Cash來說，這個(gè)火花在他七歲時(shí)就被點(diǎn)燃了，當(dāng)時(shí)海灘上的一根塑料吸管吸引了他的注意。A.set設(shè)置；B.laid放置；C.lit點(diǎn)燃；D.loaded裝載。根據(jù)前文“thespark”可知，此處指Cash對(duì)環(huán)保的熱情被點(diǎn)燃了。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)Cash來說，這個(gè)火花在他七歲時(shí)就被點(diǎn)燃了，當(dāng)時(shí)海灘上的一根塑料吸管吸引了他的注意。A.interrupted打斷；B.stopped停止；C.caught吸引；D.disturbed打擾。根據(jù)后文“hiseye”可知，此處指塑料吸管吸引了他的注意。catchone’seye“吸引某人的注意”。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時(shí)，他意識(shí)到成千上萬的海龜、海鳥和其他野生動(dòng)物正面臨著危機(jī)，它們因食用丟棄的塑料而面臨死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。A.risk冒……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；B.abandon拋棄；C.fear害怕；D.miss錯(cuò)過。根據(jù)后文“deathfromconsumingdiscardedplastic”可知，這些動(dòng)物吃了丟棄的塑料，所以它們冒著死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：2022年，在來自北美各地的700多名申請(qǐng)者中，Cash和Ella被選為25個(gè)獲獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)目之一，獲得格GloriaBarron青年英雄獎(jiǎng)。A.schools學(xué)校；B.applicants申請(qǐng)者；C.assistants助手；D.families家庭。根據(jù)后文“CashandEllawerechosenasoneof25projects”可知，此處指Cash和Ella參加比賽，在眾多申請(qǐng)者被選出。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)年度獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)表彰25位有影響力的年輕領(lǐng)袖，主要來自美國。A.natural自然的；B.generous慷慨的；C.influential有影響力的；D.appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)?。根?jù)前文“CashandEllawerechosenasoneof25projectstoreceivetheGloriaBarronPrizeforYoungHeroes”可知，這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)是表彰有影響力的年輕領(lǐng)袖的。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)年度獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)表彰25位有影響力的年輕領(lǐng)袖，主要來自美國。A.casually隨意地；B.constantly不斷地；C.rarely很少地；D.mainly主要地。根據(jù)后文“fromtheU.S.”可知，這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咧饕獊碜悦绹?。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：成員的責(zé)任包括每月至少進(jìn)行一次清理，記錄并拍攝收集到的垃圾，清點(diǎn)每一件垃圾，為年底收集一百萬件垃圾的目標(biāo)做出貢獻(xiàn)，并對(duì)物品進(jìn)行分類和回收。A.benefits好處；B.responsibilities責(zé)任；C.rewards回報(bào)；D.challenges挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)后文“includeconductingatleastonecleanuppermonth,documentingandphotographingthecollectedtrash”可知，這是CleanupKids組織成員的責(zé)任。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：成員的責(zé)任包括每月至少進(jìn)行一次清理，記錄并拍攝收集到的垃圾，計(jì)算每一件垃圾，為年底收