專題13 定語(yǔ)從句（知識(shí)梳理）

專題13定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)梳理看一看這些名言警句中所運(yùn)用的定語(yǔ)從句Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.從不犯錯(cuò)誤的人一事無(wú)成。Heisthebestgeneralwhomakesthefewestmistakes.─Hamilton.最厲害的將軍錯(cuò)誤犯得最少。Hethattravelsfarknowsmuch.行萬(wàn)里者，見多識(shí)廣。Hethatcannotaskcannotlive.萬(wàn)事不求人，哪里能生存？知識(shí)梳理定語(yǔ)從句的基本要素定語(yǔ)從句的基本要素基本要素概念：2.先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞3.關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或者副詞）：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句Heisthebestgeneralwhomakesthefewestmistakes.3.?Attention?如何選擇關(guān)系代詞？關(guān)系代詞的作用是什么？定語(yǔ)從句和關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句和關(guān)系代詞1.定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞：先行詞是人先行詞是物作主語(yǔ)who/thatwhich/that作賓語(yǔ)(who/whom/that)(which/that)作定語(yǔ)whosewhose★小試身手★1)Thisisthemanwhohelpedmeyesterday.who在定語(yǔ)從句中作2)Theteacher(who/whom/that)youwanttoseeiscoming.who在定語(yǔ)從句中作3)Imetaboywhosefatherwasanastronaut.whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作4)Hereisthecoatwhich/thatwillbemadeforyou.which在定語(yǔ)從句中作5)Thisisthefactory(which/that)wevisitedlastyear.which在定語(yǔ)從句中作6)Hehasabookwhosecover(=thecoverofwhich)isverybeautiful.whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作2.關(guān)系代詞的作用(1)__引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句________________________(2)____指代先行詞_____________________(3)____在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)成分：主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。________★小試身手★(1)用關(guān)系代詞who,whom,that或whose填空。1)Theman________youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.2)Theman________iswalkingontheplaygroundismyoldfriend.3)Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof________Ihadevermetbefore.4)That'sthenewmachine__________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.(2)用who/whom/which/that將下列句子兩句并一句。1)Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother./theboywho/thatismyyoungerbrotherwashereaminuteago.2)Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.Thewoman(whom/that)youweretalkingaboutisherenow./Youaretalkingaboutthewomanwhoisherenow.(3)用whose將下列句子兩句并一句。1)Themangavemeareward.ThemanwhosewalletIfoundandreturnedgavemeareward.Themanwhowasveryrichgavemeareward.Men,whoabandontheirfamilies,arenotgood.Menwhoabandontheirfamiliesarenotgood2)Parentsareusuallyveryproud.Theirchildrengraduatefromcollege.Parentswhosechildrengraduatefromcollegeareusuallyveryproud.3)TheteacherwenttoJapantoteachEnglish.Itookhisclasslastsemester.TheteacherwhoseclassItooklastsemesterwenttoJapantoteachEnglish.?Attention?whose后面一定要加一個(gè)名詞,然后這個(gè)部分共同做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。3.只能使用that作關(guān)系代詞的情況：a.先行詞為all,anything,everything,nothing,much,none,little等不定代詞時(shí)。Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.b.先行詞前有l(wèi)ast,next,only,very及序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)。Thisisthemostinterestingfilm(that)wasshownlastweek.Thisisthesecondcomputer(that)myfatherhasjustbought.c.當(dāng)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。Theytalkedofthingsandpeoplethatthetremembered.d.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是who的疑問句:Whoistheboythatisplayingcomputergames??Attention?以下情況時(shí)，who不與that通用。a)先行詞為one(s)/anyone/those時(shí),用who。b)當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)用who。ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.c)一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個(gè)用who。Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.d)在therebe開頭的句中用who。Thereisaprettygirloutsidewhowantstoseeyou.★小試身手★(1)填空1)Thereisnothingintheworldthatcanfrightenhim.2)TheonlygamesthatIplayarefootballandtennis.3)HeistheonlystudentthatunderstandsEnglish.(2)翻譯1)他們唯一能做的事就是等待。Theonlythingthattheycandoistowait.2)這正是你昨天買的筆。Thisistheverypenthatyouboughtyesterday.定語(yǔ)從句和關(guān)系副詞定語(yǔ)從句和關(guān)系副詞1.定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞表示時(shí)間when表示地點(diǎn)where表示原因why?Attention?判斷關(guān)系詞是使用代詞還是副詞時(shí),取決于定語(yǔ)從句的完整性。如果定語(yǔ)從句不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，那么關(guān)系詞就應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞。a.when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Iwillneverforgetthedaythatwespenttogether.b.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。IrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwasborn.Iwouldliketoliveinacountrythatisfullofnaturalbeauty.c.why指原因，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonthathetoldussurprisedusverymuch.★小試身手★1)Doyoustillremembertheplace__that、which____wevisitedlastweek?2)Doyoustillremembertheplace___where____wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?3)Istillrememberthenight___when____Ifirstcametothehouse.4)Idon’tknowthereason___why___hecamesolate.5)Wearelivinginanage__when____manythingsaredoneoncomputer.6)Icanthinkofmanycases__where____studentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.7)Nobodyknowsthereason_why_____shedidn’tcometothemeeting.8)Theyhavereachedthepoint_where____theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞之間的關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞之間的關(guān)系試觀察下列句子：Thisisthedaywhenwemet. Thisistheday___onwhich__wemet.Youshouldremembertoputthebookbacktotheplacewhereitbelongs.Youshouldremembertoputthebookbacktotheplace__towhich_____itbelongs.總結(jié)：關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞★小試身手★連詞成句1)gowerewantbacktotheIplacebornmywheregrandparentsto.Iwanttogobacktotheplacewheremygrandparentswereborn.2)refusedhelpreasonwhytheheusisthisto?(forwhich)Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedtohelpus?介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句a.直接位于介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞只能是which或whom，構(gòu)成介詞+which（指物）；介詞+whom（指人）兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowisafamousrunner.Theserviceof/aboutwhichthestudentscomplainalotshouldbeimproved.HeisalibraryassistantfromwhomIborrowedsomebooks.b.直接位于介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略，但如果將介詞移于句子末尾而不位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省。Theman(who/that/whom)youtalktojustnowisafamousrunner.Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.Heisalibraryassistant(whom/that/who)Iborrowedsomebooksfrom.HeisalibrarianfromwhomIborrowedsomebooks.c.有一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞是固定搭配，不可以拆開，一般還是放在動(dòng)語(yǔ)之后，不提前：Heisthestudent(who/whom/that)theteachersarelookingfor.Thenumberofthechildren(who/whom/that)shetakescareofis30.2.關(guān)系代詞whose+名詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為the+名詞+of+which/whom或of+which/whom+the+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)；of表所屬關(guān)系。Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsareallbroken.Iliveinaroomofwhichthewindowsareallbroken.Iliveinaroomthewindowsofwhichareallbroken.★小試身手★1.填入“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞（即介詞+which/whom）：1)Theship,___theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinent,wascalledtheMayflower.2)Thefamily__withwhich__IstayedinRomeiscomingtoEnglandsoon.3)Hehaswrittenabook，______Ihavecompletelyforgotten.=HehaswrittenabookIhavecompletelyforgotten.4)Itisafamilyof8children,all_ofwhom__arestudyingmusic.5)Thetown,________theycame,wasinthenorthoftheprovince.2.介詞填空：1)Thespeed___whichyoudriveyourcarmustn’ttoohigh.Atthespeedof2)Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolor____whichisbrightandnice.whose3)Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_____which=wheretherearemanypictures.4)Whatwerethethings______whichhewasnottoosure?Besureof/about5)Theyheldameeting,____whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.Atthemeeting6)Thebook,_____whichhepaid6Yuan,isworthreading.Pay+錢+for+sth.限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句1.辨析下列句子(1)Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（意含：她還有其他哥哥。）(2)Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（意含：她只有一個(gè)哥哥。）(3)Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.所有里面帶插圖的書都寫得很好。（意含：還有不帶插圖的書。）(4)Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.所有的書都帶插圖，這些書都寫得很好。（意含：沒有不帶插圖的書。）總結(jié)：(1)限制性定語(yǔ)從句:意義上，不可缺。無(wú)逗號(hào)，翻譯時(shí)要調(diào)整語(yǔ)序。(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：意義上，附加說(shuō)明，有逗號(hào)，翻譯時(shí)直接翻譯。2.限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用法上的區(qū)別a.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞which可以與that互換；但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用which。(1)Sheheardaterriblenoise,____frightenedher.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who(2)Sheheardaterriblenoise____frightenedher.A.thatB./C.whatD.whob.先行詞為reason時(shí)，限制性定語(yǔ)可以用why或forwhich來(lái)引導(dǎo)；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則只能用forwhich來(lái)引導(dǎo)。(1)Ihadtoldthemthereason, ____Ididn’tattendthemeeting.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.forwhomD.why(2)Ihadtoldthemthereason_____Ididn’tattendthemeeting.A.whenB.whichC.whyD.forthatc.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以被省略；但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞即使作賓語(yǔ)也不能省略。(1)Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother, helovedand(D)respectedashisownmother.A.asB.whichC./D.whomd.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)并作從句賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom可以用who來(lái)代替；但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，whom就不能用who替換。(1)DoyouknowTom,____wetalkedabout?A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who(2)TheAmericanjournalist______theannouncermentionedinthebroadcastissaidtohavebeenkilled.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.whoB.whomC.whoseD./e.當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句時(shí)，which引導(dǎo)的從句不能放在主句前，而as引導(dǎo)的從句既可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。As意為正如……，which無(wú)此含義。(1)____Iexpected,hedidn’tbelieveme.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.When(2)Marywaslateforschool,_____oftenhappened.A.asB.forwhichC.thatD.whyf.由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句時(shí)，不能用as，只能用which。(1)Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,__hisfatherwasangry.A.aboutthatB.withasC.whenD.withwhichg.一些由as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常位于句首，已形成了固定的說(shuō)法。1)asisknowntoall這是眾所周知的2)ashasbeensaidbefore如前所說(shuō)3)asisoftenthecase情況常常如此4)asmaybeimagined這可以想象得出5)ashasbeenpointedout正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣6)asoftenhappens這種情況常常發(fā)生2022、2023年全國(guó)各省市真題綜合訓(xùn)練45題2022、2023年全國(guó)各省市真題綜合訓(xùn)練45題一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2023·遼寧營(yíng)口·中考真題）TheAerospaceSquare________wascompletedlastyearhasbecomeanewtouristattraction.A．which B．who C．whom D．where2．（2022·四川自貢·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—WhatdoyouthinkoftheMonkeyKing?—Ithinkhe’sahero________keepsfightingtohelptheweakpeople.A．who B．where C．whose3．（2022·四川成都·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Romeisanancientcity_______isfullofplacesofinterest.A．where B．which C．who4．（2022·湖南邵陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike,Linda?—Ilikemusic________Icandanceto.A．when B．that C．what5．（2023·四川成都·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Heshowedmethephotos________hetookathisgraduationceremony.A．that B．who C．what6．（2023·湖南郴州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Teaistheleafofaplant________growswidelyinChina,Japanandothercountries.A．what B．who C．that7．（2023·四川樂山·統(tǒng)考中考真題）GuoMoruoisafamousChinesewriter________ispopulararoundtheworld.A．which B．whom C．who8．（2023·青?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）Abestfriendisaperson_________isalwaystherewhenyouneedhimorher.Asthesayinggoes,“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”A．whom B．whose C．who9．（2023·湖南邵陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—I’vefoundanewpen,butIdon’tknow________.—ItmustbeLucy’s.Sheislookingforherpen.A．whoseisit B．whoseitis C．whoitis10．（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whoistheheroinyourmind?—HuangDanian.Heisascientist________hashelpedChinamakegreatprogressindeep-seaexploration(勘探).A．where B．which C．who11．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·中考真題）—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Iprefermovies________givemesomethingtothinkabout.A．who B．that C．what D．/12．（2021·四川巴中·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theapp“MAYI”encouragespeopletogiveawaytheclothes________theydon’tneedtothepoor.A．what B．whom C．who D．that13．（2021·四川甘孜·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Doyouknowthegirl________isstandingoverthere?—Yes.Sheismysister.A．when B．where C．who D．which14．（2022·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Doyoulikethemovie________iscalledTheBattleatLakeChangjin?—Sure.Ithinknomovieis________thanit.A．that;moretouching B．what;lesstouching C．that;moretouched D．which;lesstouched15．（2023·四川遂寧·中考真題）MissXiangisagreatteacher_________alwaysmakesherclasseslivelyandfascinating.A．which B．who C．what D．whom16．（2022·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Studentslovetheteachers________areoutgoingandhumorous.A．who B．whom C．which D．whose17．（2022·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Weshouldrememberthose________losttheirlivesforourcountry.A．who B．whom C．which18．（2022·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ican’tforgettheteachersandtheuniversity________Ivisitedtwoyearsago.Theybringmemanysweetmemories.A．that B．which C．what19．（2022·湖北恩施·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Chinaisthefirstnation________sentChang’eⅣtothefarsideofthemoon.A．which B．that C．who20．（2022·廣西柳州·中考真題）Doyouknowtheboy________isstandingunderthetree?A．who B．which C．where21．（2022·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Howexcitingthespeechis!—Prettygood!Thisisthebestspeech________I’veeverheard.A．which B．that C．who22．（2023·新疆·中考真題）LotsofChineseyoungpeople___________werebornafter1995usedoor-to-doorcookingtosavetime.A．that B．those C．which D．/23．（2022·遼寧朝陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Iprefermovies_________mesomethingtothinkabout.A．whomgive B．whogives C．whichgive D．thatgives24．（2022·遼寧營(yíng)口·統(tǒng)考中考真題）He________doesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.A．whom B．/ C．which D．who25．（2022·黑龍江牡丹江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Jeff,whatareyouwatching?—AshortvideoaboutZhangGuimei________storiesmovemedeeply.A．who B．whom C．whose26．（2022·廣西玉林·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Volunteeringisameaningfulactivity.—Iagree.Weshouldexpressthankstothepeople________dovolunteerjobs.A．whom B．what C．who D．which27．（2022·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題）YuanLongpingisagreatscientist________willliveinourheartforever.A．which B．who C．what28．（2022·遼寧阜新·中考真題）—Momiswaiting.Canwesetoffnow?—Justaminute.Ican’tfindtheshoes________Iboughtlastweek.A．that B．who C．what D．who29．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）—Tom,whatkindofstoriesdoyouprefer?—Theones________haveahappyending.A．that B．who C．those D．whom30．（2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Accordingtoarecentstudy,adults________oftendohouseworkmightstayhealthyintooldage.A．when B．which C．who D．what31．（2022·青?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）—DoyoulikethesongJianHunonDouyin?—Yes,Ilikethesongs________Icandanceto.A．that B．who C．what32．（2023·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Iwillremembertheimportantpeople________helpedandsupportedmeinmylife.A．which B．whose C．whom D．who33．（2023·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—TheLifelongJourneyisoneofthemosttouchingbooks________Ihaveeverread.—Yeah,thebookisfantasticandIamlookingforwardto________itagain.A．that,reading B．which,toread C．that,toread34．（2023·吉林·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thestudentsarereadingbooks________arefullofthe“redspirit”thesedays.A．who B．where C．which35．（2023·黑龍江牡丹江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ifwestudyhardwithbigdreams,thereisnothing________can’tbeachieved.A．who B．that C．whom36．（2023·湖南岳陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）LeiFengisagreatperson________setsagoodexampletous.A．who B．which C．whose37．（2023·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Mrs.WangisanEnglishteacher________makesherclasslively.A．which B．whose C．who38．（2023·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whatcanwedofortheleft-homechildren________needhelp?—Wecouldhelpthemwiththeirstudyonlineonweekends.A．which B．who C．whom39．（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Today’sChinaisacountry________keepstothisnationalcharacter.A．what B．who C．that40．（2023·遼寧阜新·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thewomanastronaut________gaveusalessononspaceisLiuYang.A．which B．whose C．who D．whom41．（2022·四川樂山·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whatkindofbooksdoyoulikebest?—Ilikebooks________areaboutscienceandtechnology.A．who B．whom C．which42．（2022·貴州銅仁·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Isthewoman______walkedpastjustnowyourteacher?—Yes,sheteaches______Englishandweallloveherverymuch.A．which;our B．who;us C．which;us D．that;our43．（2022·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theboys__________areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.A．which B．who C．whose44．（2022·吉林·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Mrs.WangisanEnglishteacher________makesherclasseslivelyandinteresting.A．which B．who C．what45．（2022·湖南郴州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Doyouknowthewoman________isgivingalessoninspacenow?—Ofcourse.SheisWangYaping.A．which B．whom C．who

專題13定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)梳理看一看這些名言警句中所運(yùn)用的定語(yǔ)從句Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.從不犯錯(cuò)誤的人一事無(wú)成。Heisthebestgeneralwhomakesthefewestmistakes.─Hamilton.最厲害的將軍錯(cuò)誤犯得最少。Hethattravelsfarknowsmuch.行萬(wàn)里者，見多識(shí)廣。Hethatcannotaskcannotlive.萬(wàn)事不求人，哪里能生存？知識(shí)梳理定語(yǔ)從句的基本要素定語(yǔ)從句的基本要素基本要素概念：2.先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞3.關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或者副詞）：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句Heisthebestgeneralwhomakesthefewestmistakes.3.?Attention?如何選擇關(guān)系代詞？關(guān)系代詞的作用是什么？定語(yǔ)從句和關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句和關(guān)系代詞1.定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞：先行詞是人先行詞是物作主語(yǔ)who/thatwhich/that作賓語(yǔ)(who/whom/that)(which/that)作定語(yǔ)whosewhose★小試身手★1)Thisisthemanwhohelpedmeyesterday.who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)2)Theteacher(who/whom/that)youwanttoseeiscoming.who在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)3)Imetaboywhosefatherwasanastronaut.whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)4)Hereisthecoatwhich/thatwillbemadeforyou.which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)5)Thisisthefactory(which/that)wevisitedlastyear.which在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)6)Hehasabookwhosecover(=thecoverofwhich)isverybeautiful.whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)2.關(guān)系代詞的作用(1)__引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句________________________(2)____指代先行詞_____________________(3)____在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)成分：主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。________★小試身手★(1)用關(guān)系代詞who,whom,that或whose填空。1)Theman____(who/whom/that)______youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.2)Theman____who______iswalkingontheplaygroundismyoldfriend.3)Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof___whom_______Ihadevermetbefore.4)That'sthenewmachine___whose_______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.(2)用who/whom/which/that將下列句子兩句并一句。1)Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother./theboywho/thatismyyoungerbrotherwashereaminuteago.2)Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.Thewoman(whom/that)youweretalkingaboutisherenow./Youaretalkingaboutthewomanwhoisherenow.(3)用whose將下列句子兩句并一句。1)Themangavemeareward.ThemanwhosewalletIfoundandreturnedgavemeareward.Themanwhowasveryrichgavemeareward.Men,whoabandontheirfamilies,arenotgood.Menwhoabandontheirfamiliesarenotgood2)Parentsareusuallyveryproud.Theirchildrengraduatefromcollege.Parentswhosechildrengraduatefromcollegeareusuallyveryproud.3)TheteacherwenttoJapantoteachEnglish.Itookhisclasslastsemester.TheteacherwhoseclassItooklastsemesterwenttoJapantoteachEnglish.?Attention?whose后面一定要加一個(gè)名詞,然后這個(gè)部分共同做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。3.只能使用that作關(guān)系代詞的情況：a.先行詞為all,anything,everything,nothing,much,none,little等不定代詞時(shí)。Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.b.先行詞前有l(wèi)ast,next,only,very及序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)。Thisisthemostinterestingfilm(that)wasshownlastweek.Thisisthesecondcomputer(that)myfatherhasjustbought.c.當(dāng)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。Theytalkedofthingsandpeoplethatthetremembered.d.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是who的疑問句:Whoistheboythatisplayingcomputergames??Attention?以下情況時(shí)，who不與that通用。a)先行詞為one(s)/anyone/those時(shí),用who。b)當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)用who。ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.c)一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個(gè)用who。Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.d)在therebe開頭的句中用who。Thereisaprettygirloutsidewhowantstoseeyou.★小試身手★(1)填空1)Thereisnothingintheworldthatcanfrightenhim.2)TheonlygamesthatIplayarefootballandtennis.3)HeistheonlystudentthatunderstandsEnglish.(2)翻譯1)他們唯一能做的事就是等待。Theonlythingthattheycandoistowait.2)這正是你昨天買的筆。Thisistheverypenthatyouboughtyesterday.定語(yǔ)從句和關(guān)系副詞定語(yǔ)從句和關(guān)系副詞1.定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞表示時(shí)間when表示地點(diǎn)where表示原因why?Attention?判斷關(guān)系詞是使用代詞還是副詞時(shí),取決于定語(yǔ)從句的完整性。如果定語(yǔ)從句不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，那么關(guān)系詞就應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞。a.when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Iwillneverforgetthedaythatwespenttogether.b.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。IrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwasborn.Iwouldliketoliveinacountrythatisfullofnaturalbeauty.c.why指原因，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonthathetoldussurprisedusverymuch.★小試身手★1)Doyoustillremembertheplace__that、which____wevisitedlastweek?2)Doyoustillremembertheplace___where____wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?3)Istillrememberthenight___when____Ifirstcametothehouse.4)Idon’tknowthereason___why___hecamesolate.5)Wearelivinginanage__when____manythingsaredoneoncomputer.6)Icanthinkofmanycases__where____studentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.7)Nobodyknowsthereason_why_____shedidn’tcometothemeeting.8)Theyhavereachedthepoint_where____theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞之間的關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞之間的關(guān)系試觀察下列句子：Thisisthedaywhenwemet. Thisistheday___onwhich__wemet.Youshouldremembertoputthebookbacktotheplacewhereitbelongs.Youshouldremembertoputthebookbacktotheplace__towhich_____itbelongs.總結(jié)：關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞★小試身手★連詞成句1)gowerewantbacktotheIplacebornmywheregrandparentsto.Iwanttogobacktotheplacewheremygrandparentswereborn.2)refusedhelpreasonwhytheheusisthisto?(forwhich)Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedtohelpus?介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句a.直接位于介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞只能是which或whom，構(gòu)成介詞+which（指物）；介詞+whom（指人）兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowisafamousrunner.Theserviceof/aboutwhichthestudentscomplainalotshouldbeimproved.HeisalibraryassistantfromwhomIborrowedsomebooks.b.直接位于介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略，但如果將介詞移于句子末尾而不位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省。Theman(who/that/whom)youtalktojustnowisafamousrunner.Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.Heisalibraryassistant(whom/that/who)Iborrowedsomebooksfrom.HeisalibrarianfromwhomIborrowedsomebooks.c.有一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞是固定搭配，不可以拆開，一般還是放在動(dòng)語(yǔ)之后，不提前：Heisthestudent(who/whom/that)theteachersarelookingfor.Thenumberofthechildren(who/whom/that)shetakescareofis30.2.關(guān)系代詞whose+名詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為the+名詞+of+which/whom或of+which/whom+the+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)；of表所屬關(guān)系。Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsareallbroken.Iliveinaroomofwhichthewindowsareallbroken.Iliveinaroomthewindowsofwhichareallbroken.★小試身手★1.填入“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞（即介詞+which/whom）：1)Theship,__onwhich_theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinent,wascalledtheMayflower.2)Thefamily__withwhich__IstayedinRomeiscomingtoEnglandsoon.3)Hehaswrittenabook,thename_ofwhich______Ihavecompletelyforgotten.=HehaswrittenabookwhosenameIhavecompletelyforgotten.4)Itisafamilyof8children,all_ofwhom__arestudyingmusic.5)Thetown,_____fromwhich____theycame,wasinthenorthoftheprovince.2.介詞填空：1)Thespeed___at_whichyoudriveyourcarmustn’ttoohigh.Atthespeedof2)Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolor___of__whichisbrightandnice.whose3)Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,___in__which=wheretherearemanypictures.4)Whatwerethethings__about/of_____whichhewasnottoosure?Besureof/about5)Theyheldameeting,__at__whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.Atthemeeting6)Thebook,___for__whichhepaid6Yuan,isworthreading.Pay+錢+for+sth.限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句1.辨析下列句子(1)Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（意含：她還有其他哥哥。）(2)Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（意含：她只有一個(gè)哥哥。）(3)Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.所有里面帶插圖的書都寫得很好。（意含：還有不帶插圖的書。）(4)Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.所有的書都帶插圖，這些書都寫得很好。（意含：沒有不帶插圖的書。）總結(jié)：(1)限制性定語(yǔ)從句:意義上，不可缺。無(wú)逗號(hào)，翻譯時(shí)要調(diào)整語(yǔ)序。(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：意義上，附加說(shuō)明，有逗號(hào)，翻譯時(shí)直接翻譯。2.限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用法上的區(qū)別a.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞which可以與that互換；但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用which。(1)Sheheardaterriblenoise,____frightenedher.(B)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who(2)Sheheardaterriblenoise____frightenedher.(A)A.thatB./C.whatD.whob.先行詞為reason時(shí)，限制性定語(yǔ)可以用why或forwhich來(lái)引導(dǎo)；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則只能用forwhich來(lái)引導(dǎo)。(1)Ihadtoldthemthereason, ____Ididn’tattendthemeeting.(A)A.forwhichB.atwhichC.forwhomD.why(2)Ihadtoldthemthereason_____Ididn’tattendthemeeting.(C)A.whenB.whichC.whyD.forthatc.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以被省略；但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞即使作賓語(yǔ)也不能省略。(1)Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother, helovedand(D)respectedashisownmother.A.as B.which C./ D.whomd.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)并作從句賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom可以用who來(lái)代替；但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，whom就不能用who替換。(1)DoyouknowTom,____wetalkedabout?A.Which B.that C.whom D.who(2)TheAmericanjournalist______theannouncermentionedinthebroadcastissaidtohavebeenkilled.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.who B.whom C.whose D./e.當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句時(shí)，which引導(dǎo)的從句不能放在主句前，而as引導(dǎo)的從句既可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。As意為正如……，which無(wú)此含義。(1)____Iexpected,hedidn’tbelieveme.(B)A.Which B.As C.That D.When(2)Marywaslateforschool,_____oftenhappened.(A)A.as B.forwhich C.that D.whyf.由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句時(shí)，不能用as，只能用which。(1)Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,__hisfatherwasangry.(D)A.aboutthat B.withas C.when D.withwhichg.一些由as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常位于句首，已形成了固定的說(shuō)法。1)asisknowntoall這是眾所周知的2)ashasbeensaidbefore如前所說(shuō)3)asisoftenthecase情況常常如此4)asmaybeimagined這可以想象得出5)ashasbeenpointedout正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣6)asoftenhappens這種情況常常發(fā)生2022、2023年全國(guó)各省市真題綜合訓(xùn)練45題2022、2023年全國(guó)各省市真題綜合訓(xùn)練45題一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2023·遼寧營(yíng)口·中考真題）TheAerospaceSquare________wascompletedlastyearhasbecomeanewtouristattraction.A．which B．who C．whom D．where2．（2022·四川自貢·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—WhatdoyouthinkoftheMonkeyKing?—Ithinkhe’sahero________keepsfightingtohelptheweakpeople.A．who B．where C．whose3．（2022·四川成都·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Romeisanancientcity_______isfullofplacesofinterest.A．where B．which C．who4．（2022·湖南邵陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike,Linda?—Ilikemusic________Icandanceto.A．when B．that C．what5．（2023·四川成都·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Heshowedmethephotos________hetookathisgraduationceremony.A．that B．who C．what6．（2023·湖南郴州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Teaistheleafofaplant________growswidelyinChina,Japanandothercountries.A．what B．who C．that7．（2023·四川樂山·統(tǒng)考中考真題）GuoMoruoisafamousChinesewriter________ispopulararoundtheworld.A．which B．whom C．who8．（2023·青?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）Abestfriendisaperson_________isalwaystherewhenyouneedhimorher.Asthesayinggoes,“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”A．whom B．whose C．who9．（2023·湖南邵陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—I’vefoundanewpen,butIdon’tknow________.—ItmustbeLucy’s.Sheislookingforherpen.A．whoseisit B．whoseitis C．whoitis10．（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whoistheheroinyourmind?—HuangDanian.Heisascientist________hashelpedChinamakegreatprogressindeep-seaexploration(勘探).A．where B．which C．who11．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·中考真題）—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Iprefermovies________givemesomethingtothinkabout.A．who B．that C．what D．/12．（2021·四川巴中·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theapp“MAYI”encouragespeopletogiveawaytheclothes________theydon’tneedtothepoor.A．what B．whom C．who D．that13．（2021·四川甘孜·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Doyouknowthegirl________isstandingoverthere?—Yes.Sheismysister.A．when B．where C．who D．which14．（2022·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Doyoulikethemovie________iscalledTheBattleatLakeChangjin?—Sure.Ithinknomovieis________thanit.A．that;moretouching B．what;lesstouching C．that;moretouched D．which;lesstouched15．（2023·四川遂寧·中考真題）MissXiangisagreatteacher_________alwaysmakesherclasseslivelyandfascinating.A．which B．who C．what D．whom16．（2022·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Studentslovetheteachers________areoutgoingandhumorous.A．who B．whom C．which D．whose17．（2022·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Weshouldrememberthose________losttheirlivesforourcountry.A．who B．whom C．which18．（2022·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ican’tforgettheteachersandtheuniversity________Ivisitedtwoyearsago.Theybringmemanysweetmemori