專題14 非謂語動詞（知識梳理）

專題14非謂語知識梳理知識梳理非謂語的三種形式 類別結(jié)構(gòu)含義例句現(xiàn)在分詞doing主動，進(jìn)行1)boilingwater正在沸騰的水2)Doyouknowthegirlstandingoverthere?你認(rèn)識站在那里的那個女孩嗎？beingdone被動，進(jìn)行（正在被做）1)Thehousesbeingbuiltnowarefortheteachers.現(xiàn)在正在建的那些房子是為老師而建的。(not)havingdone主動，完成(否定)1)Havingwaitedforanhour,heleft.等了一個小時后，他離開了。2)Nothavingreceivedareply,hewroteanotherletter.沒收到回復(fù)，他又寫了一封信havingbeendone被動，完成1)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistake.雖然被告訴過好多次了，他仍然犯同樣的錯誤。過去分詞done被動，完成1)ThestorytoldbyTomisveryinteresting.湯姆講得故事非常有趣。2)Thehousesbuiltlastyearareverybig.去年建的那些房子很大。表所處的狀態(tài)或特征1)Devotedtohelpingothers,heisrespected.他致力于幫助別人而受到尊重。2)Interestedinthebook,hewantstobuyit.他對這本書感興趣想買下來。不定式todo將來，主動1)Ihavemuchworktodo.我有很多工作要做。tobedone將來，被動1)Thehousestobebuiltnextmonthareverybig.下個月將要被建的那些房子很大。tohavedone完成，主動使用條件：1）看結(jié)構(gòu)是否需要；2）看是否表達(dá)過去或完成之意1)He’ssaidtohaveinventedthetelephone.據(jù)說他發(fā)明了電話。2)Heissaidtohavebeenpunishedbyhisleader.據(jù)說他已經(jīng)受到了他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的懲罰。非謂語之不定式的用法非謂語之不定式的用法一、不定式todo1.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語Toseeistobelieve.Itisbettertoseesomethingoncethantohearaboutitahundredtimes.百聞不如一見。a.在很多情況下，特別是在口語中，常采用先行it代替主語，而把不定式后置：It’sagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.★區(qū)分用法★1)直接用不定式做主語的句子顯得更加正式。2)如主語和表語都是todo，則只能采用第一種形式。對敵人仁慈就是對人民殘忍。To

be

kind

to

the

enemy

is

to

be

cruel

to

the

people.3)如是疑問句或感嘆句，則只能采用第二種形式。如：What

is

it

like

to

be

there?What

a

joy

it

was

to

read

Barak’s

book!b.用Itis+形容詞作表語時，由于邏輯主語不同導(dǎo)致的for和of的區(qū)別。(1)forsb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如：difficult,interesting,easy,impossible等。.(2)ofsb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格、品德、心智能力，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如：good,kind,nice,clever,foolish等?！镄≡嚿硎帧?)Tobefondofdancingwasacertainsteptowardsfallinginlove.喜歡跳舞是談情說愛的一個步驟。2)對他來說，學(xué)兩門外語是很困難的。It’sverydifficultforhimtolearntwolanguages.3)你能這么說很有禮貌。It’sverypoliteofyoutosayso.★真題試煉★1)It’simportant___B__thepianowell.A.ofhimtoplay B.forhimtoplay C.ofhimplaying D.forhimplaying2)It’swrong___A__herlikethat.A.ofyoutotreat B.foryoutotreat C.ofyoutreating D.foryoutreating2.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作表語主語和表語都是不定式（其含義往往一是條件，一是結(jié)果），如：Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.那樣做無疑是削足適履。3.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作動詞賓語(見表格附錄)4.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語用法例句及物動詞todo出現(xiàn)在名詞后面。動賓關(guān)系Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?主謂關(guān)系Sheisalwaysthefirst(one)tocomeandthelasttoleave.不及物動詞todo出現(xiàn)在名詞后面且?guī)舷鄳?yīng)的介詞。Let’sfirstfindaroomtolivein./toputthethingsin.Wehavenothingtoworryabout.?Attention?但前面被修飾的名詞是place/time/way時可省略不及物動詞的介詞。Ithinkthebestwaytotravelisbyair.Wehavenoplacetolive.★小試身手★1)了解一個人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段時間.Thebestwaytoknowapersonistolivewithhim/herforsometime.2)你有什么可以吃的東西嗎?Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?3)許多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方.Manyoldpeoplecannotfindaplacetospendtherestoftheirlife.5.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語基本用法：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、條件等。a.表示目的(1)Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.?Attention?(1)inordertodo常置于句首用來強(qiáng)調(diào)目的。(2)soasto/so….asto表示目的，不可以置于句首?！镄≡嚿硎帧?)為了能夠準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)那里，我們必須現(xiàn)在出發(fā)Inordertogetthereontime,wemustsetoffnow.2)為了款待重要客人，他從英國請了管家。Inordertotreattheimportantguests,hehiredahousekeeperfromtheUK3)他們一大早出發(fā)為了能趕上首班車。Theysetoutintheearlymorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.b.表示結(jié)果(1)so…asto…如此……以至于Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?(2)such(…)asto…如此……以至于I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.(3)enoughto…足以Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.(4)too…to…太……以至于不能Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.(5)onlyto不料卻……，結(jié)果卻……不定式之前有時可以加上only或butonly，以加強(qiáng)語氣Iboughtexpensiveticketstothetheatre,onlytodiscoverthattheshowwasboring.★小試身手★1)你說這些話只會把大家弄得更加緊張。Yousaidtheseonlytomakeeveryonemorenervous.2)她太小了不能看這個暴力電影。Sheistooyoungtowatchthisviolentmovie.?Attention?:但是too….to結(jié)構(gòu)前如果出現(xiàn)but,never,only等詞時則表示肯定。1)活到老學(xué)到老。It’snevertooold/latetolearn.6.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語a.非謂語做賓補(bǔ)的用法。結(jié)構(gòu)含義舉例see+賓語+do看見（賓語）做……了seehimgototheofficesee+賓語+doing看見（賓語）正在做seehimgoingtotheofficesee+賓語+beingdone看見（賓語）正在被做seehimbeingbittenbyadogsee+賓語+done看見（賓語）被做seehimbittenbyadogb.不定式todo（do）做賓補(bǔ)表示“要去做”。結(jié)構(gòu)例詞例句動詞+賓語+todoask,invite,tell,want,encourage,wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise,order,force,等表示勸請、要求、喜好類Iwantbothofyoutogo.Theteachertoldustodoexerciseone.c.do做賓補(bǔ)表示“全過程”。動詞+賓語+do（省略to）一“感”：feel二“聽”：hear/listento三“使”：have/make/let四“看”：see/watch/notice/findIsawmydaughterentertheclassroom,sitinachair,openherEnglishbookandbegintoreadChapter15.非謂語之動名詞的用法非謂語之動名詞的用法1.動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(a).動名詞做主語通常位于句首。Seeingisbelieving.Notfinishingschoolcanaffectyourwholelife.(b).將it放句首做形式主語，把動名詞置于句末的常用結(jié)構(gòu)。Itis+awasteoftime/nogood/notanygood/nouse/useless+doingsth.Itisnousetalkingtohimagain.Itisnogood(your)refusingtodoit.★小試身手★_______isanimportantdecisioninaperson’slife.（結(jié)婚）______isagainstthelaw.（酒后駕車）_________relaxesmeattheendoftheday.（聽古典音樂）跟他聊天就是浪費時間。Itisawasteoftimetalking/chattingwithhim2.動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作表語MyjobisteachingEnglish.★小試身手★他們的工作是為殘疾人制造輪椅。________wheelchairsfordisabledpeople.★區(qū)分用法★作主語含義例句不定式todo一次性的具體的動作有特定的動作執(zhí)行者Tolieiswrong.ToliveinBeijingistheheightofTom’sambition.動名詞doing抽象的泛指的動作無特定的動作執(zhí)行者Lyingiswrong.Swimmingisgoodexercise.作表語含義例句不定式todo一次性、具體的、將要發(fā)生的動作His

job

is

to

paint

the

walls.

動名詞doing一般性、抽象的、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作Hisjobispaintingwalls.他的工作是粉刷墻。（這是他日常的工作）3.動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語（見表格附錄）非謂語之現(xiàn)在分詞的用法非謂語之現(xiàn)在分詞的用法1.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語a)分詞做定語的基本含義。分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。這兩種在句子中能擔(dān)任的成分大體相同。現(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動的意思過去分詞一般有被動的意思用現(xiàn)在分詞做定語的句子（表示主動）用過去分詞做定語的句子Heisaninterestingman.Thehousestandingtherebelongstome.Interestedmemberswillmeetattwo.Thehousebuiltlastyearisverybeautiful.b)分詞作定語的重要知識點：(1)單獨作定語，應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之前，在更多情況下，可以用分詞短語作定語，這時分詞短語應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之后，在意義上也相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，如：現(xiàn)在分詞：touchingstory/leadingcadres/shiningexample/comingweek/過去分詞：skilledworker/armedforces/boiledwater/steamedbread1)Barkingdogsseldombite.2)Soonourrespectedandbelovedleadersenteredthebanquethall.3)Whoisthemanstanding(=thatisstanding)bythedoor?4)Theybuiltahighwayleading(=whichleads)intothemountains.★小試身手★1.寫出下列短語的意思therisingsun旭日fallenleaves落葉fadedflowers凋零的花returnedstudents海歸retiredworkers退休工人theexplodedbomb已爆炸彈departedfriends離去的朋友2.把分詞做定語改成定語從句或者定語從句改成分詞作定語(1)Theyareproblemsleftoverbyhistory.Theyaretheproblemswhichwereleftbyhistory.(2)HaveyoureadanyshortstorieswhichwerewrittenbyLuXun?HaveyoureadanyshortstorieswrittenbyLuXun?(3)developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping(4)acitythatisgrowing=agrowingcity(2)作定語的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間不同1)表示正在進(jìn)行的動作,(變?yōu)閺木鋾r要用進(jìn)行時態(tài)),如：Tellthechildrenplayingthere(whoareplayingthere)nottomakesomuchnoise.Didyouseethemantalking(whowastalking)tothemanager?2)表示經(jīng)常性的動作,或現(xiàn)在(或當(dāng)時)的狀態(tài),(變?yōu)閺木鋾r,用一般時態(tài)),如：Theylivedinaroomfacing(=thatfaced)thesouth.Thehousestanding(=thatstands)atthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin1955.3)過去分詞作定語時，過去分詞所表示的動作可以在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，也可以是沒有一定的時間性，如：Themeetingheld(whichwasheld)lastweekisveryimportant.Heisamanloved(whoisloved)byall.?Attention?：如果所表示的動作現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生，或是與謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式來表示，如：Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant.Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.(discuss)?Attention?：如果所表示的是一個未來的動作，可以用一個不定式的被動形式來表示，如：Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.★小試身手★(1)Pleasetellmethesubjectstobediscussedatthenextmeeting.(discuss)(2)Pleasetellmethesubjectsdiscussedlastweek.(discuss)(3)DoyouknowthemeetingbeingdiscussednowisheldbyPeter?(discuss)2.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示被動完成。a.現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，表示陪襯性的動作或伴隨情況，如：Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhourwatchingthegame.?Attention?：a.分詞表示的必須是主語的一個動作；b.分詞表示的動作和謂語表示的動作（或狀態(tài)）是同時發(fā)生的；c.分詞表示的是比較次要的動作，對謂語表示的動作或狀態(tài)加以說明；d.大部分放在謂語之后；e.分詞有時可以與句子的其他部分用逗號隔開。b.現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語，表示原因或理由，如：Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.試試可不可以變成狀語從句呢：1)Becauseshesawnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.2)Becausewedidn’tknowheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.?Attention?如果分詞表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，則要用完成形式，如：Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.c.現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語（相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的從句），如：Turningaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.試試可不可以變成狀語從句呢：1)Whensheturnedaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.2)Whentheyheardthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.?Attention?：這里分詞表示的是一個極短暫的動作，這動作一發(fā)生，謂語動詞所表示的動作立即發(fā)生。這類分詞一般放在句首。如果兩個動作是完全同時發(fā)生的，多用when或while+分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.d.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語還可以表示結(jié)果、條件和讓步，如：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.(條件)Weighingalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.(讓步)試試可不可以變成狀語從句呢：1)Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.2)Althoughthestoneweighsalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.e.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式和被動形式分詞的完成形式主要用在狀語中，表示動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生，如：Havingbeentheremanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?3.過去分詞作狀語（1）過去分詞短語作狀語，可以修飾謂語，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況，如：Builtin1192,thebridgeisover700yearsold.Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledogs.（2）過去分詞短語表示原因（相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句），如：Hesoonfellasleep,exhaustedbythejourney.試試可不可以變成狀語從句呢：1)Hesoonfellasleepas/becausehewasexhaustedbythejourney.（3）過去分詞短語有時可以表示時間（相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句）和條件（相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句），如：United,westand;divided,wefall.Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.試試可不可以變成狀語從句呢：1)Ifweareunited,westand;Ifwearedivided,wefall.2)When/Iftheparkisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.?Attention?：過去分詞短語作狀語時，前面有時可以加上when,if,while,though,asif等連詞，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以看作是一種省略的狀語從句（省略部分多為“主語+be的多種形式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主語必須和主句的主語相同，如：If/Whenheated,waterchangesintosteam.Thegirlisveryshy,andneverspeaksuntilspokento.試試看把它們補(bǔ)充完整：1)If/whenwaterisheated,itchangedintosteam.2)Thegirlisveryshy,andneverspeaksuntilsheisspokento.?Attention?：1.在用分詞短語作狀語時,它邏輯上的主語一般必須與句子的主語一致.2.過去分詞在時態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成，在語態(tài)上側(cè)重于被動；3.而現(xiàn)在分詞在時態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行，在語態(tài)上側(cè)重于主動?！镄≡嚿硎帧镌囈辉嚕号袛嘞铝芯渥又蟹衷~充當(dāng)什么狀語，并且看看可不可以轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)狀語從句。1)EveryeveningtheysatonthesofawatchingTV. 表2)Igothome,feelingverytired. 表3)Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher. 表4)Turningaround,shesawanambulancedrivingup. 表5)Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo. 表非謂語的時態(tài)語態(tài)非謂語的時態(tài)語態(tài)[1]todo一般進(jìn)行完成主動todotobedoingtohavedone被動tobedone/tohavebeendone★小試身手★1)能被邀請來做演講是我的榮幸。.2)老板經(jīng)過他身邊時，他假裝正在打電話。.3)他們似乎在發(fā)薪日前就花光了上個月的工資。.[2]doing一般（與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生）完成（在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生）主動doinghavingdone被動beingdonehavingbeendone[3]done過去分詞done的一般情況即表示“被動、完成”的含義，所以沒有時態(tài)語態(tài)變化?！镄≡嚿硎帧?earn)somemoneytopaythedailyexpenses,Istartedtoworkinalocalcaféasawaiter.2.Themostcommonmistakes(lead)toabadbackarepoorbodymechanicsandunhealthyhabits.3.Weteenagersoftenthinkthatparentsareconservative(保守的),andtheyknownothingaboutus,buthonestly,we’reactuallystilltooyoung(know)what’sreallybestforus.4.SoonIhadlivedinthecityforoversixmonthsbutIstilldidnotlikeit.Apparently,Ihaddifficulty(adapt)myselftolifeinthecity,letalonefindingajobtomydelight.5.(wonder)howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.6.TheFlakesbroughtalongalobster(龍蝦)trapinhopesofhavingsomedelicioustreats,butitwaslostwithinthefirstfewhoursafter(attack)byashark.7.“Ithinkshewouldlikeyoutohaveit.”(shock),Itookitfromherautomatically.Shesmiledandwalkedaway.8.(endure)toomanyofthesetragediesinthepastfewyears,eachtimeIlearnthenewsIreactnotasaPresident,butasanybodyelsewould—asaparent.Andthatwasespeciallytruetoday.9.Hehasaconstanturge(check)fornextmessages;hecheckshisphoneeveryfiveminutes!10.Manyresearchersclaim(find)relationshipsbetweenleft-handednessandvariousphysicalandmentalcharacteristics.11.Thecities(experience)thehighestannualgrowthinofficerentalratesarebothinSouthAfricawith40percentrateriseforDurbanand44percentforSandton.非謂語做賓語的用法非謂語做賓語的用法非謂語做賓語的用法a.不定式todo做賓語。1.結(jié)構(gòu)公式（肯定）：下列動詞/短語+todosth.2.結(jié)構(gòu)公式（否定）：下列動詞/短語+nottodosth.考試高頻詞：同意agree目標(biāo)aim安排arrange要求（2）askdemand嘗試attempt乞求beg選擇choose決定decide想要（2）wantdesire期待expect失敗fail碰巧happen希望hope設(shè)法成功做到manage提供offer計劃plan準(zhǔn)備prepare假裝pretend承諾promise拒絕refuseb.動名詞doing做賓語。1.結(jié)構(gòu)公式：下列動詞/詞組+doingsth.2.動詞+doing的用法高頻考察動詞承認(rèn)admit建議（2）advice/advisesuggest允許（2）allowpermit欣賞，感激appreciate避免avoid考慮consider推遲（2）delaypostpone否認(rèn)deny討論discuss不喜歡dislike享受enjoy逃脫escape借口excuse完成finish禁止forbid原諒forgive想象imagine保持keep介意mind錯過miss練習(xí)practice/priactise防止prevent推薦recommend抵抗resist冒險risk理解understandc.介詞短語+doing的用法1.帶to的短語致力于（2）attendtodovote(oneself)to習(xí)慣于（2）be/getusedtobeaccustomedto導(dǎo)致leadto期待lookforwardto做貢獻(xiàn)makeacontributionto反對objectto更喜歡，寧愿preferto注意payattentionto堅持sticktopersistininsiston2.帶have的短語過得艱難（2）haveadifficulttimehaveahardtime過得愉快，玩得愉快（3）haveagoodtimehavefunhavepleasure做某事有困難（3）havedifficultyhavetroublehaveaproblem做某事有經(jīng)驗haveexperience3.spend的短語花時間spendtime花錢spendmoney4.其他高頻考察短語同意agreewith以……開始beginwith小心becarefulwith忙于bebusywith對……感到滿意（2）bepleasedwithbesatisfiedwith對……感到生氣beangrywith厭倦于（3）beboredwithbefedupwithbetiredof擅長（2）begoodatdowellin拙于bebadat害怕beafraidof喜歡（2）befondofbekeenon對……負(fù)責(zé)（3）beresponsibleforbeinchargeoftakechargeof為……向某人道歉apologizetosbfor著名befamousfor感興趣beinterestedin成功succeedin擔(dān)心（2）beworriedaboutbeconcernedabout向某人抱怨complaintosb.about/of夢想dreamof與……不同bedifferentfromd.todo和doing皆可作賓語的非謂語形式1.結(jié)構(gòu)公式：下列動詞+todo/doingsth.1)加todo和doing含義相同的動詞Dawsonlikesgivingmoneyaway.=Dawsonlikestogivemoneyaway.Hestartedworkingin1940.=Hestartedtoworkin1940.請記住這些動詞:begin,can’tstand,continue,hate,like,love,prefer,start,continue,goon2)加todo和doing含義不同的動詞詞結(jié)構(gòu)意義例句stopstopdoing停止正在做的事Dawsonlovestowork.Hedoesn’tplantostopworking.stoptodo停下去做某事Dawsonwantedtofinishschool,buthestoppedtogetajob.rememberrememberdoing記得做過的事Dawsonremembersearning$1.15anhourin1940.remembertodo記得去做某事Dawson’smothersaid,“Alwaysremembertohelpothers.”forgetforgetdoing忘了做過的事Iforgetborrowingmoneyfromyou.forgettodo忘了去做某事Iforgettobuyanewspaper.regretregretdoing后悔做過的事情Iregretblamingtheaccidentonyou.regrettodo很遺憾的去做某事Iregrettoinformyouthebadnews.needneeddoing主動表被動Idon’tneedwarningagain.needtodo表主動Ineedtorepairmyoldcar.trytrydoing試著做做Ifyoudon’twanttolookatadsinthenewspapers,trynetworking.trytodo努力嘗試做某事Itriedtoimprovemyresumes.meanmeandoing意味著LosingabusinLondonmeanswaitingforanotherhour.meantodo打算做Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.2022、2023年全國各省市真題綜合訓(xùn)練45題2022、2023年全國各省市真題綜合訓(xùn)練45題一、單項選擇1．（2023·云南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）TodayisFather’sDay,andIplan________adinnerformyfather.A．toprepare B．preparing C．prepared D．prepare2．（2022·遼寧大連·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ihope________inmyhometownafterIfinishschool.A．work B．works C．working D．towork3．（2023·福建·統(tǒng)考中考真題）It’sreportedthatChinaplans________astronautstothemoonbefore2030.A．send B．sending C．tosend4．（2023·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Scienceismyfavouritesubject,soIhaveprepared________theSTEAMClub.A．join B．joining C．tojoin D．tojoining5．（2023·天津·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Davidlearnt________whenhewasfive.A．swim B．swims C．swam D．toswim6．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—OurschoolwillinviteMr.Wang________usatalkonenvironmentalprotectionnextweek.—That’swonderful!A．give B．togive C．giving D．gave7．（2022·湖南邵陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—HoucanIpreventCOVID-19,Dad?—________healthy,youshouldalwayswearamaskandwashhandsfrequently.A．Keep B．Keeping C．Tokeep8．（2022·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________asharedfuture,weshouldlearnfromeachotherandhelpeachother.A．Create B．Tocreate C．Creating9．（2022·湖南益陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Tom,doyouthinkreadingisimportant?—Yes,Ido.SoIdecide________moretimereadingfromnowon.A．spend B．tospend C．spending10．（2022·貴州黔西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Mostofthestudentsarelookingforwardto________themselvesaftertheexams.A．work B．working C．relax D．relaxing11．（2022·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Weshouldhaveahealthydiet,properexerciseandenoughsleep________fit.A．keeping B．tokeep C．keep D．kept12．（2022·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theyoungplayerspendsfourhours_______volleyballeveryday.A．practise B．practising C．topractise D．practised13．（2022·統(tǒng)考中考真題）TheInternetenablesfarmers_______fruitsandvegetablesacrossthecountry.A．sell B．selling C．tosell D．sold14．（2022·廣西桂林·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theyareworkinghard________tigers.A．saved B．save C．tosave15．（2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）It’simportantforthedisabled________theabilitytomakealiving.A．tohave B．have C．having D．has16．（2023·湖南懷化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Manypeopleenjoy______zongzibythemselvesontheDragonBoatFestival.A．making B．made C．tomake17．（2023·湖南郴州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—AreyougoingtoreadthebookJourneytotheWest?—Yes.Ourteacherexpectsus________suchtraditionalChinesebooks.A．read B．reading C．toread18．（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Today,wemustcontinueworking________ourskiesblue,waterscleanandlandsclear.A．keep B．tokeep C．keeping19．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________thequalityofPEclasses,someschoolsputsmarttechnologyintouse.A．Improving B．Toimprove C．Improve D．Improved20．（2023·黑龍江牡丹江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________downairpollution,weshouldwalkortakethebusinsteadofdriving.A．Cut B．Tocut C．Cutting21．（2023·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）IsawLily________whenIpassedherroom.A．dance B．dancing C．todance22．（2023·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________healthy,we’vegotusedtowashinghandsbeforemealsandusingpublicchopsticks.A．Keeping B．Keep C．Tokeep D．Tokeeping23．（2023·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Weexpecttheworld_______Chinabetterafterthe19thAsianGamesinHangzhou.A．understanding B．tounderstand C．understood D．understand24．（2022·廣西河池·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Iusuallyspendtime________inthelibraryonweekends.A．read B．reading C．reads D．toread25．（2022·廣西玉林·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Safetycomesfirst!Everyoneshouldstopthekidsfrom________inthelakeorriver.—Lifeisvaluable.Kidsmustremember________theschoolrules.A．swim;tofollow B．swim;followingC．swimming;following D．swimming;tofollow26．（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）IhavedecidedtogotoBeijingand________oneofmyoldfriendsthere.A．visiting B．visited C．visits D．visit27．（2022·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ifeachofusmakesefforts_______somethingmeaningful,oursocietywillbecomebetterandbetter.A．tolose B．tobelost C．todo D．tobedone28．（2022·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________heavytraffic,pleasegetupandsetoutearly.A．Toavoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided29．（2022·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考中考真題）GoodnewscomesthatChinahassentShenzhouXIVtospace________theunknownworld.A．explore B．explored C．exploring D．toexplore30．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）—MostteenagerslikehumorousTVshows.—Metoo.Ican’thelp________whenIwatchthem.A．laughing B．tolaugh C．laughed D．laugh31．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）Whethersportsmen,sportswomenorvolunteers,peopleusedtheirskillsandwarmth________theBeijing2022WinterOlympicsashiningsuccess.A．make B．making C．made D．tomake32．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Travellerscan’twait________theirnewtoursinthecomingholiday.A．tostart B．starting C．started D．start33．（2022·青?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）—Thedoctorsarebusy________howtodealwiththisdiseasethesedays.—Sotheyare.They’rereallyhard-working.A．discuss B．todiscuss C．discussing34．（2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________toomuchsweetfoodwillmakepeoplegetfat.A．Eating B．Eats C．Eat D．Ate35．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·中考真題）—Betty,I’mnotgoodatEnglish.Couldyouhelpmeplease?—Sure.I’lldowhatIcan________youimproveyourEnglish.A．tohelp B．help C．helping D．helps36．（2023·湖南益陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whydidyoucometoschoolsoearlytoday?—Oh,Iarrivedhereat7:00________forthetest.A．prepare B．preparing C．toprepare37．（2023·湖南邵陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—IsLucyintheclassroom?—Yeah.SheisstilltherewatchingMr.Li________.A．todraw B．drawing C．draws38．（2023·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Boysandgirls,goodluckandwishyou________goodgradesinanewyear.A．get B．getting C．toget39．（2023·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Weshouldavoid________anoiseinthelibrary.A．make B．tomake C．making40．（2023·吉林·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Wehope________abeautifulhomebylivingalow-carbonlife(低碳生活).A．build B．building C．tobuild41．（2023·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—TheLifelongJourneyisoneofthemosttouchingbooks________Ihaveeverread.—Yeah,thebookisfantasticandIamlookingforwardto________itagain.A．that,reading B．which,toread C．that,toread42．（2023·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theteachersusedto________keypointsontheblackboard,butnowtheyaregettingusedto________themthroughPPTs.A．write,showing B．writing,show C．write,show43．（2023·四川自貢·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Mike,wearetoldnot________thephonewhilecrossingthestreet.—Iamsorry.Iwon’tdoitagain.A．a(chǎn)nswering B．toanswer C．a(chǎn)nswer44．（2023·四川瀘州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whatareyougoingtodothissummervacation?—Iplan________HuaHua,anearly3-year-oldlovelypandainChengdu.A．see B．saw C．seeing D．tosee45．（2023·湖北孝感·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Safetyisveryimportanttoallofus.—Iagree.Westudentsshouldlearn________ourselvesinthedailylife.A．wheretohold B．whattovisit C．howtoprotect D．whytohelp

專題14非謂語知識梳理知識梳理非謂語的三種形式 類別結(jié)構(gòu)含義例句現(xiàn)在分詞doing主動，進(jìn)行1)boilingwater正在沸騰的水2)Doyouknowthegirlstandingoverthere?你認(rèn)識站在那里的那個女孩嗎？beingdone被動，進(jìn)行（正在被做）1)Thehousesbeingbuiltnowarefortheteachers.現(xiàn)在正在建的那些房子是為老師而建的。(not)havingdone主動，完成(否定)1)Havingwaitedforanhour,heleft.等了一個小時后，他離開了。2)Nothavingreceivedareply,hewroteanotherletter.沒收到回復(fù)，他又寫了一封信havingbeendone被動，完成1)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistake.雖然被告訴過好多次了，他仍然犯同樣的錯誤。過去分詞done被動，完成1)ThestorytoldbyTomisveryinteresting.湯姆講得故事非常有趣。2)Thehousesbuiltlastyearareverybig.去年建的那些房子很大。表所處的狀態(tài)或特征1)Devotedtohelpingothers,heisrespected.他致力于幫助別人而受到尊重。2)Interestedinthebook,hewantstobuyit.他對這本書感興趣想買下來。不定式todo將來，主動1)Ihavemuchworktodo.我有很多工作要做。tobedone將來，被動1)Thehousestobebuiltnextmonthareverybig.下個月將要被建的那些房子很大。tohavedone完成，主動使用條件：1）看結(jié)構(gòu)是否需要；2）看是否表達(dá)過去或完成之意1)He’ssaidtohaveinventedthetelephone.據(jù)說他發(fā)明了電話。2)Heissaidtohavebeenpunishedbyhisleader.據(jù)說他已經(jīng)受到了他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的懲罰。非謂語之不定式的用法非謂語之不定式的用法一、不定式todo1.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語Toseeistobelieve.Itisbettertoseesomethingoncethantohearaboutitahundredtimes.百聞不如一見。a.在很多情況下，特別是在口語中，常采用先行it代替主語，而把不定式后置：It’sagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.★區(qū)分用法★1)直接用不定式做主語的句子顯得更加正式。2)如主語和表語都是todo，則只能采用第一種形式。對敵人仁慈就是對人民殘忍。To

be

kind

to

the

enemy

is

to

be

cruel

to

the

people.3)如是疑問句或感嘆句，則只能采用第二種形式。如：What

is

it

like

to

be

there?What

a

joy

it

was

to

read

Barak’s

book!b.用Itis+形容詞作表語時，由于邏輯主語不同導(dǎo)致的for和of的區(qū)別。(1)forsb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如：difficult,interesting,easy,impossible等。.(2)ofsb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格、品德、心智能力，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如：good,kind,nice,clever,foolish等。★小試身手★1)Tobefondofdancingwasacertainsteptowardsfallinginlove.喜歡跳舞是談情說愛的一個步驟。2)對他來說，學(xué)兩門外語是很困難的。It’sverydifficultforhimtolearntwolanguages.3)你能這么說很有禮貌。It’sverypoliteofyoutosayso.★真題試煉★1)It’simportant___B__thepianowell.A.ofhimtoplay B.forhimtoplay C.ofhimplaying D.forhimplaying2)It’swrong___A__herlikethat.A.ofyoutotreat B.foryoutotreat C.ofyoutreating D.foryoutreating2.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作表語主語和表語都是不定式（其含義往往一是條件，一是結(jié)果），如：Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.那樣做無疑是削足適履。3.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作動詞賓語(見表格附錄)4.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語用法例句及物動詞todo出現(xiàn)在名詞后面。動賓關(guān)系Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?主謂關(guān)系Sheisalwaysthefirst(one)tocomeandthelasttoleave.不及物動詞todo出現(xiàn)在名詞后面且?guī)舷鄳?yīng)的介詞。Let’sfirstfindaroomtolivein./toputthethingsin.Wehavenothingtoworryabout.?Attention?但前面被修飾的名詞是place/time/way時可省略不及物動詞的介詞。Ithinkthebestwaytotravelisbyair.Wehavenoplacetolive.★小試身手★1)了解一個人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段時間.Thebestwaytoknowapersonistolivewithhim/herforsometime.2)你有什么可以吃的東西嗎?Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?3)許多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方.Manyoldpeoplecannotfindaplacetospendtherestoftheirlife.5.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語基本用法：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、條件等。a.表示目的(1)Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.?Attention?(1)inordertodo常置于句首用來強(qiáng)調(diào)目的。(2)soasto/so….asto表示目的，不可以置于句首?！镄≡嚿硎帧?)為了能夠準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)那里，我們必須現(xiàn)在出發(fā)Inordertogetthereontime,wemustsetoffnow.2)為了款待重要客人，他從英國請了管家。Inordertotreattheimportantguests,hehiredahousekeeperfromtheUK3)他們一大早出發(fā)為了能趕上首班車。Theysetoutintheearlymorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.b.表示結(jié)果(1)so…asto…如此……以至于Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?(2)such(…)asto…如此……以至于I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.(3)enoughto…足以Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.(4)too…to…太……以至于不能Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.(5)onlyto不料卻……，結(jié)果卻……不定式之前有時可以加上only或butonly，以加強(qiáng)語氣Iboughtexpensiveticketstothetheatre,onlytodiscoverthattheshowwasboring.★小試身手★1)你說這些話只會把大家弄得更加緊張。Yousaidtheseonlytomakeeveryonemorenervous.2)她太小了不能看這個暴力電影。Sheistooyoungtowatchthisviolentmovie.?Attention?:但是too….to結(jié)構(gòu)前如果出現(xiàn)but,never,only等詞時則表示肯定。1)活到老學(xué)到老。It’snevertooold/latetolearn.6.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語a.非謂語做賓補(bǔ)的用法。結(jié)構(gòu)含義舉例see+賓語+do看見（賓語）做……了seehimgototheofficesee+賓語+doing看見（賓語）正在做seehimgoingtotheofficesee+賓語+beingdone看見（賓語）正在被做seehimbeingbittenbyadogsee+賓語+done看見（賓語）被做seehimbittenbyadogb.不定式todo（do）做賓補(bǔ)表示“要去做”。結(jié)構(gòu)例詞例句動詞+賓語+todoask,invite,tell,want,encourage,wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise,order,force,等表示勸請、要求、喜好類Iwantbothofyoutogo.Theteachertoldustodoexerciseone.c.do做賓補(bǔ)表示“全過程”。動詞+賓語+do（省略to）一“感”：feel二“聽”：hear/listento三“使”：have/make/let四“看”：see/watch/notice/findIsawmydaughterentertheclassroom,sitinachair,openherEnglishbookandbegintoreadChapter15.非謂語之動名詞的用法非謂語之動名詞的用法1.動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(a).動名詞做主語通常位于句首。Seeingisbelieving.Notfinishingschoolcanaffectyourwholelife.(b).將it放句首做形式主語，把動名詞置于句末的常用結(jié)構(gòu)。Itis+awasteoftime/nogood/notanygood/nouse/useless+doingsth.Itisno