2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)UNIT3SPORTSANDFITNESSSectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking學(xué)案含解析新人教版必修第一冊(cè)

PAGEUNIT3SPORTSANDFITNESS經(jīng)過四年漫長(zhǎng)的等待之后，體育界的一大盛事最終回來了。6月14日，2024年世界杯在俄羅斯開賽。和奧運(yùn)會(huì)不同的是，世界杯是一場(chǎng)單項(xiàng)體育賽事，但它仍吸引了全球數(shù)百萬的電視觀眾。TheWorldCupbringsustogether世界杯讓我們團(tuán)結(jié)Afterfourlongyearsofwaiting，oneofthebesteventsinsportshasfinallyreturned.The2024WorldCupkickedoffinRussiaonJune14.UnliketheOlympics，theWorldCupisasingle-sportevent，yetitstillmanagestoattractmillionsoftelevisionviewersfromaroundtheworld.“Soccerisauniversal(通用的)languagethatwespeakwithdifferentaccents，”BraziliansoccerjournalistTimVickerytoldSportsNet.“Thebiggestactthatmostpeopleengage(參與)inischeeringfortheirteamduringtheWorldCup.”JustlikeSpringFestivalorChristmas，theWorldCupisaboutthespiritoftheseason.Somedie-hardsoccerfans(鐵桿球迷)eventraveltothehostcountrytowatchasmanygamesastheycan，despitejetlag(時(shí)差反應(yīng))．USsoccercoachNickRogers，who'scurrentlyinRussiafortheWorldCup，toldThePressDemocrat(《民主報(bào)》)．“Iliketowatchthegamewithothercoaches,soccerplayersandsoccerfamilies.”Butfortheplayersonthepitch(球場(chǎng))，theWorldCupisn'tjustaboutexcitement.Itcanbealaunchpad(跳板)foragreatcareertoo.Foryoungerplayers，theWorldCupisachancetogetnoticed.Putinanoutstandingperformanceagainstastrongteamorscoreafewgoodgoals，andthegreatestclubsintheworldmaybeknockingatyourfrontdoor.Andforveterans(老將)，theeventisagreatstageuponwhichtoseekredemption(挽救)fordisappointmentsinthepast.ForPortuguesesuperstarCristianoRonaldo，aWorldCuptitlewouldbetheicingonhisimpressivecake(錦上添花)，ashealreadyholdsnationalrecordsforinternationalappearancesandgoals.ForRonaldo'sarchrival(勁敵)，Argentina'sLionelMessi，it'sabitmorecomplicated(困難)．Nomatterhowmanygoalshescores，withoutaWorldCupwinhe'llalwaysbeadistantsecondtoDiegoMaradonaintheheartsoffansathome.Butwhicheverplayerperformsthebestthisyear，thetruespiritoftheWorldCuphasalwaysbeenhowitbringspeopletogether.開啟歡樂學(xué)習(xí)之旅足球是一種全球通用的語(yǔ)言，我們都操著不同的腔調(diào)探討著它，大多數(shù)人都參與的一大活動(dòng)便是在世界杯期間為各自的球隊(duì)加油喝彩，就像春節(jié)或者圣誕節(jié)一樣，世界杯體現(xiàn)了當(dāng)賽季的精神。對(duì)于球場(chǎng)上的球員而言，世界杯不僅僅是激烈人心的賽事，也是開啟宏大職業(yè)生涯的跳板。對(duì)于年輕球員而言，世界杯是獲得關(guān)注的一次機(jī)會(huì)。對(duì)陣強(qiáng)隊(duì)時(shí)能表現(xiàn)精彩或者踢進(jìn)幾個(gè)好球，或許就能獲得全球頂級(jí)俱樂部的青睞。而對(duì)于老將而言，這一賽事是彌補(bǔ)過往失誤的極佳舞臺(tái)。對(duì)于葡萄牙足球巨星C羅而言，贏得世界杯能為他的輝煌成果錦上添花，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)是葡萄牙國(guó)家隊(duì)出場(chǎng)和進(jìn)球紀(jì)錄的保持者。但對(duì)于C羅的勁敵——阿根廷隊(duì)的梅西而言，狀況則變得略微困難。在阿根廷球迷的心中，不論梅西踢進(jìn)了多少個(gè)球，未能贏得世界杯的他總是遠(yuǎn)不如迭戈·馬拉多納。但不論今年的最佳球員是誰，體育的真正精神始終都將人們團(tuán)結(jié)在一起。模塊核心素養(yǎng)導(dǎo)航SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinkingⅠ.重點(diǎn)單詞1．fitnessn．健康；健壯；適合→fitadj.健康的；適合的v．適合2．soccern．足球3．stadiumn．體育場(chǎng)；運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)4．eventn．競(jìng)賽項(xiàng)目；大事；公開活動(dòng)5．hostvt.主辦；主持n．主子；東道主；節(jié)目主持人→hostessn．女主子；女主持人6．trackn．跑道；蹤跡；鐵路軌道vt.&vi.追蹤；跟蹤7．sweatvt.使出汗；出汗弄濕vi.出汗；流汗n．汗水；出汗8．a(chǎn)thleten．運(yùn)動(dòng)員；運(yùn)動(dòng)健兒→athleticadj.健壯的；運(yùn)動(dòng)的→athleticsn．田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)9．mastern．高手；主子vt.精通；駕馭10．honourn．榮譽(yù)；敬重；榮幸→honourableadj.光榮的，值得敬重的11．gloryn．榮譽(yù)；光榮；贊美→gloriousadj.光榮的；輝煌的；壯美的12．medaln．獎(jiǎng)?wù)?；勛?3．championn．冠軍；優(yōu)勝者→championshipn．錦標(biāo)賽；冠軍賽；冠軍稱號(hào)14．determinationn．決心；確定→determinev．決心；確定；確定→determinedadj.有決心的；意志堅(jiān)決的15．injurevt.使受傷；損害→injuredadj.受傷的；有傷的→injuryn．損害；損傷16．captainn．(運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì))隊(duì)長(zhǎng)；船長(zhǎng)；機(jī)長(zhǎng)17．gracefuladj.美麗的；優(yōu)雅的；→gracen．美麗；優(yōu)雅自然18．strengthn．力氣；體力→strengthenv．(使)變強(qiáng)；加強(qiáng)；增加→strongadj.強(qiáng)壯的；牢固的；強(qiáng)大的→stronglyadv.劇烈地；堅(jiān)決地19．failuren．失?。皇〉娜?或事物)→failv．失??；不及格Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．comealong跟隨；到達(dá)；進(jìn)步；趕快2．befilledwith充溢3．takepartin參與4．workout熬煉；計(jì)算出；解決5．makeit獲得勝利；準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)6．a(chǎn)tleast至少7．loseweight減輕體重；減肥8．a(chǎn)tfirst首先；第一9．getusedto習(xí)慣于10．setanexample樹立榜樣11．thinkabout考慮12．relate...to...把……和……聯(lián)系起來13．a(chǎn)thomeandabroad在國(guó)內(nèi)外14．preparefor為……做打算15．fallapart裂開；裂開；崩潰16．becauseof因?yàn)?；由?7．loseheart丟失信念；泄氣18．beknownas作為……而著名19．learnfrom向……學(xué)習(xí)20．giveup放棄；倒戈21．sharesth.withsb.和某人共享某物Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)句型1．Oneofthebestplayershadbeeninjured，andtheteamcaptainhadtoleavebecause_ofheartproblems.最優(yōu)秀的隊(duì)員中有一人受傷了，而且隊(duì)長(zhǎng)也因心臟問題離隊(duì)。2．Losingtwoimportantplayerswasabigchallenge，butLangPingdidnotloseheart.失去兩名重要球員是一個(gè)很大的挑戰(zhàn)，但郎平?jīng)]有失去信念。3．Theplayerwhobecameknownas“AirJordan”changedbasketballwithhisgracefulmovesandjumps.這位球員被稱為“飛人喬丹”，用他優(yōu)雅的動(dòng)作和跳動(dòng)變更了籃球。4．Jordan'sskillswereimpressive，butthementalstrengththatheshowedmadehimunique.喬丹的球技令人印象深刻，但他的精神力氣使他別出心裁。5．Inthefinalsecondsofagame，Jordanalwaysseemedtofindawaytowin.在競(jìng)賽的最終幾秒鐘，喬丹似乎總能找到獲勝的方法。6．TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.他在芝加哥創(chuàng)建的“男孩女孩俱樂部”自1996年至今始終在幫助年輕人。eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do5())fitnessn．健康；健壯；適合fitv．適合adj.健康的；適合的[典型例句]Heconvincedusofhisfitnessforthetask.他使我們信任他適合做這項(xiàng)工作。Yourtheoryfitsallthefacts.你的理論與全部事實(shí)相符合。Marthagoestokeep-fitclassesanddoesexerciseseverymorning.瑪莎每天早上去健身班上課做體操。Youlookveryfit,Mike.邁克，你看上去很健康。[思維拓展]befitfor勝任keepfit保持健康[即學(xué)即練]Itwouldbemonthsbeforehewasfitforthejob.2eq\a\vs4\al(eventn.競(jìng)賽項(xiàng)目；大事；公開活動(dòng))[典型例句]Theelectionwasthemaineventofthatyear.選舉是那一年的大事。The800metresisthefourtheventoftheafternoon.800米競(jìng)賽是下午的第四項(xiàng)競(jìng)賽。[思維拓展]aftertheevent事后atallevents/inanyevent無論如何inthatevent假如是那樣的話intheeventof萬一[易混辨析]event，affair，matter，thing，businessevent指具有重要性的大事eg.themaineventof20062006年的主要大事affair表示“事務(wù)”時(shí)，常與某人、某事或某地有關(guān)eg.theWatergateaffair水門事務(wù)表示“公共事務(wù)；政治事務(wù)；個(gè)人的事”eg.worldaffairs世界事務(wù)matter指“事情，問題”eg.privatematter私事thing既表示抽象概念，又可指詳細(xì)的行為、做法、困難等eg.adifficultthingtodo難做的事business主要指(須要處理或探討的)重要事情、要點(diǎn)eg.themainbusinessofthemeeting會(huì)議的主要議題留意：business,affair,thing還可與形容詞連用，表示“事情；事務(wù)；狀況”eg.Ifoundthewholebusiness/affair/thingverypleasing.[即學(xué)即練]用event，matter，affair和business填空(1)Ican'tsaywhichwineisbest—it'sa(n)matterofpersonaltaste.(2)It'snoneofyourbusiness.(3)Whatwerethechiefeventlastyear?(4)Theleaderishavinga(n)affairwithareporter.3eq\a\vs4\al(hostvt.主辦；主持n.主子；東道主；節(jié)目主持人)[典型例句]WhichcountryisgoingtohostthenextWorldCup?哪個(gè)國(guó)家將主辦下一屆世界杯？Ourhostgreetedusatthedoor.主子在門口迎接我們。[易混辨析]host,masterhost“主子”，與guest(客人)相對(duì)應(yīng)，即host款待的是guest。master“主子”，與servant(仆人)相對(duì)應(yīng)，即master使喚的是servant。[思維拓展]hostessn．女主子；女主持人[即學(xué)即練]Shewasanexcellenthostess(host)tousall.4eq\a\vs4\al(honourn.榮譽(yù)；敬重；榮幸)[典型例句]Itwasagreathonourtobeinvitedheretoday.今日承蒙邀請(qǐng)到此，深感榮幸。Myparentstaughtmethatitisimportanttoliveeverydayofyourlifewithgraceandhonour.我的父母教會(huì)我，人生最重要的是每天都要優(yōu)雅而光榮地活著。Shereceivedanhonourforherservicestothecommunity.她因?yàn)樯鐓^(qū)的工作而得到了一項(xiàng)榮譽(yù)。[思維拓展]inhonourofsb.出于對(duì)某人的敬重honourv．敬重；給以榮譽(yù)；以……為榮Hewashonouredforhisbravery.他因英勇而被贊譽(yù)。Wearehonoured，tohaveyouheretonight.今晚你來，我們倍感榮幸。[即學(xué)即練]Theyheldthemeetinginhonouroftheguests.5eq\a\vs4\al(injurevt.使受傷；損害)[典型例句]That'llhurtherfeeling.那會(huì)傷她的感情。Tominjuredhisleginaskatingaccident.湯姆在一次滑冰事故中傷了腿。Hewasbadlyinjuredintheaccident,andallhishairwasburntoff.他在事故中受了重傷，全部頭發(fā)都燒掉了。[易混辨析]hurt，harm，wound，injurehurt“損害，受傷”，主要用于有生命的東西，多指肉體方面的損害，常伴有痛感。作借喻時(shí)常指對(duì)精神或感情方面的損害。hurt作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示“難受”。Hefelloffthebikeandhurthisarm.他從自行車上跌下來傷了手臂。harm“損害，損害”，指使有生命或無生命的東西不再完整、漂亮或像原來那樣有價(jià)值。She'safraidthatintheirfighthewouldharmthechild.她怕他們?cè)诖蚣軙r(shí)他會(huì)傷到孩子。wound“受害，受傷”，指受攻擊或暴力時(shí)所受的傷，如刀傷、槍傷，也可以借喻為精神或感情上的創(chuàng)傷。Thebulletwoundedhimintheleg.子彈打傷了他的腿。injure“損害，損害”，意義較廣，著重指偶然事故對(duì)人或物的容貌、內(nèi)部器官、生理機(jī)能的“損害”。Johnfelldownfromthetreeandinjuredhisback.約翰從樹上摔下來把背部摔傷了。IhopeIdidn'tinjureherfeelings.我希望沒有損害她的感情。[思維拓展]injuryn．傷，傷口；損害injuredadj.受傷的，受委屈的doaninjurytosb.損害某人theinjured傷員aninjuredlook/expression委屈的樣子/表情injuredpride/feelings受到損害的自尊/情感[即學(xué)即練]Althoughhisheadwasprotectedbyahelmet,hewasinjured(injure)badlyinthecaraccident.6eq\a\vs4\al(strengthn.力氣；體力)[典型例句]It'simportanttoknowyourownstrengthsandweaknesses.了解自己的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)很重要。Thegreatstrengthofourplanliesinitssimplicity.我們這個(gè)安排的最大特長(zhǎng)在于它簡(jiǎn)潔易行。Hehasn'tgotenoughstrengthtoliftthatbox.他沒有足夠的力氣搬起那個(gè)箱子。[思維拓展]have/findthestrengthtodosth.有力氣/意志力去做某事instrength(＝inlargenumbers)大量地onthestrengthof憑借某事物[易混辨析]strength,force,energy,powerstrength常指固有的潛力。著重指人的“力氣”，物的“強(qiáng)度”。force主要指自然界的力氣、暴力、勢(shì)力以及法律、道德或感情的力氣，軍事力氣等。energy主要指人的精力、自然界的能量。power主要指做一件事所依靠的實(shí)力、功能，或機(jī)器等事物的力氣，人的職權(quán)、權(quán)力或政權(quán)。Youaremysourceofstrength.你是我力氣的源泉。Forcecanneverdestroyright.暴力絕不能摧毀正義。Hisworkseemstobeshortofenergy.他對(duì)工作似乎缺乏干勁兒。Helongedforunlimitedpower.他渴望有無限的權(quán)力。[即學(xué)即練]Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter，thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheirstrengths(strength)andweaknesses.7eq\a\vs4\al(failuren.失??；失敗的人或事物)[典型例句]Failureisthemotherofsuccess.(諺)失敗是勝利之母。Heisafailureasanartist，butasuccessasanartteacher.他不是個(gè)勝利的藝術(shù)家，卻是個(gè)勝利的美術(shù)老師。[思維拓展]可作可數(shù)名詞用的抽象名詞：不行數(shù)可數(shù)success勝利asuccess勝利的人/事danger危急adanger危急的人/因素surprise驚訝asurprise意想不到的事business生意abusiness企業(yè)beauty漂亮abeauty美人[即學(xué)即練]Hewasafailureasateacher.考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)一單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Honestlyspeaking,heisnotfitforhispresentposition.2．Weattendedadinnerpartyhosted(host)bythepresidentofthecompany.3．Childrenshouldbetaughttoshowhonourtotheirelders.4．Ididn'tmeantodoheraninjury(injure)．5．Thepolicetriedtokeepthecrowdbackfromtheinjured(injure)man.6．Thateventledtothefailure(fail)ofthegovernment.1eq\a\vs4\al(comealong跟隨；到達(dá)；進(jìn)步；趕快)[典型例句]Itwasluckyyoucamealong.真幸運(yùn)你來了。Sheinvitedeveryonesheknewtocomealong.她邀請(qǐng)了每一個(gè)她相識(shí)的人前來。Docomealongifyou'refreethisafternoon.今日下午你有空肯定得來。Youwaitforagesforabus,thenthreecomealongatthesametime.你等公共汽車等了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，然后同時(shí)來了3輛。[思維拓展]comeacross發(fā)覺，(偶然)遇見；受歡迎；被理解comeabout發(fā)生comeover順便探望；過來comeup走近，出現(xiàn)cometo來到；合計(jì)，總計(jì)；談到；醒悟過來，復(fù)原知覺meetwith遇到；經(jīng)驗(yàn)；會(huì)見runacross/into偶遇[即學(xué)即練]Wehappenedtohavecomeacrossthearticleonce.2eq\a\vs4\al(workout熬煉；計(jì)算出；解決)[典型例句]Thismathsproblemisverydifficulttoworkout.這道數(shù)學(xué)題很難算出來。Youarefat,soyoumustworkoutregularly.你太胖了，應(yīng)當(dāng)定期熬煉。IgettoworkoutandimprovemyChineseatthesametime.我起先熬煉，同時(shí)也起先提高我的中文。Thethreepartieswillmeetnextmonthtoworkoutremainingdifferences.三方將在下個(gè)月會(huì)面，以解決余下的分歧。[思維拓展]workon影響，對(duì)……起作用；接著工作；從事于……workfor效勞；為……工作；為……效力workhard努力學(xué)習(xí)；辛勤工作worktogether合作；共事；共同工作atwork在工作inwork有工作offwork沒上班outofwork失業(yè)的set/gettowork(使)起先工作[即學(xué)即練]Icanworkouttheprobleminthisway.I'lltryitinanotherway.3eq\a\vs4\al(makeit獲得勝利；準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá))[典型例句]Youwillmakeitifyoutry.你會(huì)勝利的，假如你努力的話。I'vebeenhavingviolinlessonseverytwoweeks,butIthinkI'llmakeiteveryweekfromnowon.我始終是每?jī)蓚€(gè)星期上一次小提琴課，但是我想從現(xiàn)在起每個(gè)星期都上課。[思維拓展]makeaface做鬼臉makeafire生火makealiving謀生makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤makeanoise吵鬧makeupfor補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)makeupone'smind下定決心，打定辦法makeuseof利用[即學(xué)即練]Thetrainwon'tleaveforanothertenminutes,soIthinkwecanmakeit.4eq\a\vs4\al(loseweight減輕體重；減肥)[典型例句]Hetriedeverymeanstoloseweight,butinvain.他試盡各種方法減肥，卻沒有效果。Janewasgoingonadietandshewaslosingweight.簡(jiǎn)正在節(jié)食，她的體重正在減輕。[思維拓展]puton/gainweight(指人)體重增加；發(fā)福over/underweight過重/過輕takeweight/aloadoffsb.'smind使某人如釋重負(fù)pullone'sweight干好本分工作taketheweightoffone'sfeet＝(sitdown)坐下歇歇腳watchone'sweight限制體重[即學(xué)即練]Inthepastfiveyears，hehasputonweightgreatly.5eq\a\vs4\al(setanexample樹立榜樣)[典型例句]Hesetanexampleofwholeheartedservicetothepeople.他是一心一意為人民服務(wù)的表率。Bydoingthishesetanexampletotherestoftheworld.這樣做，他為全世界的其他人樹立了榜樣。Butnowyouhavetosetanexampleforsomeoneelse.但是現(xiàn)在你不得不為其他人樹立榜樣。[思維拓展]setabout起先setback阻礙setdown放下setfree釋放setoff動(dòng)身，動(dòng)身setout動(dòng)身setup設(shè)立[即學(xué)即練]Ourcadressetanexampleofplainlivingandhardwork.6eq\a\vs4\al(fallapart裂開；裂開；崩潰)[典型例句]I'vegottorestbeforeIfallapart.我得休息了，不然就要崩潰了。Ithoughtthewholemeetingwasgoingtofallapartbutyourescuedthatsituationlikeatrueprofessional!我原以為整個(gè)會(huì)議要土崩瓦解了，但你就像個(gè)真行家那樣挽救了局勢(shì)。Theropebridgebreaksinthemiddleandbothhalvesfallapart.索橋從中間斷了，兩頭塌了下去。Ifwelettheexistingbankingsystemfallapart,itwillcausegreatdestruction.假如我們讓現(xiàn)有的銀行系統(tǒng)崩潰，它會(huì)造成巨大的破壞。[思維拓展]fallbehind拖欠；落在后面falldown跌倒；失??；倒塌fallback退卻，后退fallill生病fallinlovewith愛上[即學(xué)即練]Hewasalmostfallingapart.Therewasalotofworktodo.7eq\a\vs4\al(loseheart丟失信念；泄氣)[典型例句]Althoughhefailedinthisentranceexamination,hedidn'tloseheart.這次入學(xué)考試他沒有及格，但他并不氣餒。Withconfidence,wewillneverloseheartandevengiveupreadily.有了信念，我們就不會(huì)垂頭喪氣，更不會(huì)輕易放棄。It'smymotherwhohasbeenencouragingmeneverloseheartwhenIhaddifficultiesinstudy.這些年，當(dāng)我在學(xué)習(xí)中遇到困難時(shí)，是我的母親始終在激勵(lì)我肯定不要泄氣。[思維拓展]loseoneself＝belostin迷路losesightof忽視；不再望見loseface丟臉losetime耽擱時(shí)間；走得慢；失去時(shí)機(jī)[即學(xué)即練]Onlyashort-sightedmanwilllosesightoftheimportanceofeducation.8eq\a\vs4\al(giveup放棄；倒戈)[典型例句]Oneofthemenwithhimgaveuphisplaceonthebench.他的一個(gè)同伴將長(zhǎng)椅上的位子讓了出來。Oncetheygetanideaintotheirheads,theynevergiveup.一旦接受了一個(gè)想法，他們就恒久不會(huì)放棄。Whenthingsaren'tgoingwell,heencouragesme,tellingmenottogiveup.事情進(jìn)展不順的時(shí)候，他激勵(lì)我說不要放棄。[思維拓展]giveout發(fā)出；分發(fā)；用完；耗盡giveaway泄露；贈(zèng)送；分發(fā)；分送giveback歸還；送還；送回；復(fù)原giveup(doingsth.)放棄giveway(to)讓路；讓步；快車先行；屈服giveoff放出；發(fā)出；釋放；散發(fā)出[即學(xué)即練]Afteralongargument,wedidn'tgivewaytoeachother.Finally,shebrokeupwithme.考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)二單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Weareallgoingtothegames.Whydon'tyoucomealong?2．Thereissomethingwrongwithmycomputer,Iwantmycousintoworkouttheproblem.3．Hesayshe'llcomeontime,buthe'llnevermakeit.4．Travellersareusedtolivingindifferentclimatesandconditions.5．Youhavesetanexampleforus,andweintendtofollowyourexample.6．Thehouseisquiteold.Itmightfallapartsoon.7．Weshouldn'tlosesightofthefactthateducationisimportant.8．Ibelieveoldfarmingmethodsshouldgivewaytoimprovedmodernones.eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do5())Oneofthebestplayershadbeeninjured，andtheteamcaptainhadtoleavebecauseofheartproblems.最優(yōu)秀的隊(duì)員中有一人受傷了，而且隊(duì)長(zhǎng)也因心臟問題離隊(duì)。(1)句式分析：這是一個(gè)由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句。hadbeeninjured是過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(2)becauseof因?yàn)?；由于Hefailedhismathsexaminationbecauseofhiscarelessness.由于馬虎大意，他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒及格。[易混辨析]because,becauseofbecause為連詞，后接句子。becauseof為介詞短語(yǔ)，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。[譯]他今日缺席了，因?yàn)樗×?。①Heisabsenttodaybecauseofhisillness.②Heisabsenttodaybecauseheisill.[思維拓展]asaresultof...由于……thanksto由于；多虧[to為介詞][即學(xué)即練]Therearemanyhomelesspeoplebecauseoftheearthquake.eq\o(\s\up1(2),\s\do5())Losingtwoimportantplayerswasabigchallenge，butLangPingdidnotloseheart.失去兩名重要隊(duì)員是一個(gè)很大的挑戰(zhàn)，但是郎平?jīng)]有丟失信念。(1)句式分析：but是表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞，在句中連接兩個(gè)分句。Losingtwoimportantplayerswasabigchallenge是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)潔句，Losingtwoimportantplayers屬于動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)。(2)動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)的用法：①動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))通常表示常常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或行為，其邏輯主語(yǔ)可以是形容詞性物主代詞或以名詞全部格的形式出現(xiàn)。②謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。③可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))置于句末，常見句型：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Itisuselessnice，good，interesting，worthwhile等＋,doing...,Itisnousenogood，fun，awasteoftime等＋doing...))Missingthebusmeanswaitingforanotherhour.錯(cuò)過這班公交車意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。Hisbeinglateagainmadehismanagerveryangry.他又遲到了，這使經(jīng)理很生氣。It'snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.不要為打翻的牛奶哭泣(覆水難收)。Itisgoodspendingtheholidaywithyou.和你一起度假真好。[即學(xué)即練]Hiscominglatemakes(make)himbepunished.eq\o(\s\up1(3),\s\do5())Theplayerwhobecameknownas“AirJordan”changedbasketballwithhisgracefulmovesandjumps.這位球員被稱為“飛人喬丹”，他用優(yōu)雅的動(dòng)作和跳動(dòng)變更了籃球。(1)這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，含有who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：whobecameknownas“AirJordan”。Theplayer是該定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，who是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。(2)who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞只能是表示人的名詞或代詞；who在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不行省略；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與先行詞的保持一樣。Theboywhoissittingunderthetreeismybrother.在樹下坐著的那個(gè)男孩是我弟弟。(作主語(yǔ))Theboy(who)Jackistalkingtoismybrother.和杰克談話的那個(gè)男孩是我弟弟。(作賓語(yǔ))(3)beknownas作為……而出名；被稱作……Einsteinisknownasagreatscientist.愛因斯坦作為一名宏大的科學(xué)家而出名。It'sknownasthemostdangerouspartofthecity.人們都認(rèn)為那是市內(nèi)最危急的地段。[思維拓展]beknownfor＝befamousfor因……而出名beknowntosb.為某人所知beknownby依據(jù)……了解[即學(xué)即練](1)Peoplewhoreceivekindnessarelikelytoofferittoothers.(2)Todayheiswellknownasawriter.eq\o(\s\up1(4),\s\do5())Jordan'sskillswereimpressive，butthementalstrengththatheshowedmadehimunique.喬丹的球技令人印象深刻，但他的精神力氣使他別出心裁。(1)本句是復(fù)合句。but表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，連接兩個(gè)并列的分句。thatheshowed是關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thementalstrength。(2)句中madehimunique是make的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。make后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“make＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”。詳細(xì)狀況如下：①名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.[諺]只學(xué)習(xí)不玩耍，聰慧孩子也變傻。Theymadehimcaptain.他們選他當(dāng)船長(zhǎng)。②形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Thenewsmadehimsad.那則消息使他哀痛。③不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(變被動(dòng)時(shí)須加to)。如：Hemadeusworkfrommorningtillnight.＝Weweremadetoworkfrommorningtillnightbyhim.他讓我們從早到晚地干活。④過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：I'mafraidIcan'tmakemyselfunderstood.唯恐別人聽不懂我的話。[即學(xué)即練]Theteacherraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard(hear)．eq\o(\s\up1(5),\s\do5())Inthefinalsecondsofagame，Jordanalwaysseemedtofindawaytowin.在競(jìng)賽的最終幾秒鐘，喬丹似乎總能找到獲勝的方法。seemtodosth.意為“似乎做某事”。否定形式是seemnottodo＝don'tseemtodo“似乎不做某事”。不定式動(dòng)作若正在進(jìn)行就用seemtobedoing，若已完成就用seemtohavedone。Heseemsnottoknowanything.他似乎什么都不知道。Thechildrenseemedtobeeatingsomething.孩子們似乎正在吃東西。Jimseemedtohavefinishedhiswork.吉姆似乎已經(jīng)做完了工作。[誤區(qū)警示]seem是系動(dòng)詞，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。[思維拓展]seem常見結(jié)構(gòu)集錦：seem(tobe)＋n./adj.似乎……Itseems/seemed＋adj.＋todosth.做某事似乎……Itseems/seemedthat...似乎……Itseems/seemedasif/asthough...看起來似乎……Thereseems/seemed＋tobe＋n.似乎有……，似乎有……Sheseemstobeateacher.她似乎是位老師。Itseemsthatheislying.＝Heseemstobelying.看樣子他似乎在撒謊。Itseemsasthoughhewereverystupid.他看起來似乎很笨。Thereseems(tobe)somemisunderstandingbetweenthem.他們之間似乎有誤會(huì)。[即學(xué)即練]Heseemsto_have_lost(lose)confidenceinhimself.eq\o(\s\up1(6),\s\do5())TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.他在芝加哥創(chuàng)建的“男孩女孩俱樂部”自1996年至今始終在幫助年輕人。(1)句式分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，whichhestartedinChicago是定語(yǔ)從句，TheBoysandGirlsClub是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，which是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。Tellmeaboutthefilmwhichyousawlastnight.跟我講講你昨晚看的電影吧。HehasfinishedreadingthebookwhichiswrittenbyMoYan.他已經(jīng)讀完了莫言寫的那本書。(2)hasbeenhelping是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去起先始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或?qū)⒔又掷m(xù)至將來。Wehavebeenworkingonthisprojectforoveramonthnow.到目前為止，我們始終從事這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，已經(jīng)一個(gè)多月了。[易混辨析]現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示已經(jīng)完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示還沒完成還要持續(xù)下去。試比較：Theyhavebuiltahouse.他們已經(jīng)建立了一所房子。Theyhavebeenbuildingahouse.他們始終在建立一所房子。(尚未完成)(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“have/hasbeen＋doing”構(gòu)成的，可表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)。如：Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?你最近常和他見面嗎？Haveyoumethimrecently?你最近見到過他嗎？(3)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)含有感情色調(diào)，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般是客觀地講解并描述一個(gè)事實(shí)。如：Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.我等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。(可能表示不滿)Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.我等你等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。(說明一個(gè)事實(shí))(4)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。如：Whohasbeeneatingtheseoranges?誰始終在吃這些橘子呀？(可能還剩余一些)Whohaseatentheseoranges?誰把這些橘子吃了？(強(qiáng)調(diào)吃得一個(gè)不剩)(5)假如強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，并已產(chǎn)生某種影響時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：—Whyareyoulookingabittired?——為什么你看起來有點(diǎn)兒累？—Ihavebeencleaningthehouse.——我始終在打掃房子。[即學(xué)即練](1)Theyhave_been_fighting(fight)forindependence(獨(dú)立)since1960s.(2)Whatdoyouthinkoftheideawhichhethoughtupjustnow.考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)三單句語(yǔ)法填空1．—Whydidn'tyouphonemelastnight?—BecauseIdidn'twanttodisturbyou.2．Playingfootballinthestreetis(be)dangerous.3．Richard，whoworkedforabusinesscompany，waseagertoworkforhimself.4．Ourteach