Unit5 Discovering Useful Structures - Assessing Your Progress 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂版本：新人教單元：必修二Unit5(DiscoveringUsefulStructures—AssessingYourProgress)本單元詞匯梳理1.gradual：gradu-(step步、級)+-al(形容詞詞綴)→一步一步的→逐漸的；同根詞：grade,graduate；

派生詞：gradually2.capable：cap-(hold拿，握)+-able→能夠拿住的→有能力的、能力強(qiáng)的

詞塊：becapableof(doing)sth

派生詞：capability3.relief：來自relieve

詞塊：in/withrelief,toone’srelief4.cure：一詞多義：基本義“治愈”

名詞動詞化；詞塊：curesbofsth,acurefor5.absorbedinsth/sb：absorb(v

吸引、使專心)+-ed6.previous：pre-(before在前)+via(road路)→在路上走在前面→先前的

派生詞：previously；詞塊：previousto7.unemployed：un-+employ(v

雇傭)+-ed；同義詞：jobless,outofwork詞塊：theunemployed8.romantic：音譯詞“羅曼蒂克(浪漫的)”romance(浪漫)+-itic(形容詞詞綴)9.album：詞源：古羅馬人用木、石、象牙、金屬等制成的一種白板(album)來記載歷史、寫刻名單、公布法令等。16世紀(jì)時，人們使用一種空白的本子來搜集名人的簽名，并把這種本子也叫作album(簽名紀(jì)念冊)。19世紀(jì)，人們把相冊、集郵冊也叫做album，因為它們都是“空白的本子”。到了20世紀(jì)50年代，唱片問世后，人們把唱片也叫做album，因為唱片的封套很像一個album。10.impact：im-(into向內(nèi))+pact(topush推)→向內(nèi)推→沖擊

詞塊：have/makeanimpacton11.aim：同義詞goal,target,purpose

詞塊：achieve/accomplish/fulfilone’saim

派生詞：aimless,aimlessly12.setsthup：up表示“向上移動”，setup基本義為“建起”13.equipment：equip(v

配備，裝備)+-ment

詞塊：apieceofequipment14.talent：同義詞：gift

詞塊：haveatalentfor,atalentshow

派生詞：talented15.piano：詞塊：playthepiano；派生詞pianist16.assume：意為“承擔(dān)”時是正式用語

詞塊：assumeresponsibilityforsth=takeresponsibilityforsth

派生詞：assuming,assumption17.addition：add+-tion；詞族：add,addition,additional,additionally

詞塊：inaddition(to)18.disease：dis-(不)+ease(放松、舒服)→不舒服、生病→疾病19.ache：動詞近義詞hurt，名詞常構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞，如stomachache,toothache20.treatment：treat(v處理、對待)+-ment21.from(then)on：拓展fromnowon22.lean：基本義：傾斜；

詞塊：leanagainst,lean…on23.getthrough：一詞多義，基本義“(使)通過”24.moreover：more+over；

句子副詞；正式用語(口語中常用besides和also)25.satisfaction：詞族：satisfy,satisfied,satisfying,satisfaction,satisfactory

詞塊：toone’ssatisfaction26.being：be+-ing；熟詞生義：身心(正式用語)詞塊：comeintobeing/bebroughtintobeing,ahumanbeing27.various：詞族：vary,variety,various,varied

表示不同種類的：various/differentkindsof,awidevariety/rangeof28.somehow：some+how；句子副詞29.repetition：repeat+-ition30.outline：out(外面)+

line(線)→外面的線→輪廓→概述

名詞動詞化31.reaction：react+-tionreact：re-(again再)+act(行動)→再次行動→

回應(yīng)

詞族：act,react,reaction等

詞塊：reactionto重難點詞精講cureaddition搭配義treat&treatment一詞多義一詞多義熟詞生義一詞多義搭配義aimsetup話題詞匯：音樂音譯詞一詞多義隱喻assume英語釋義getthrough一詞多義cure美國醫(yī)生愛德華?特魯多的墓志銘：ToCureSometimes,有時，去治愈；ToRelieveOften, 常常，去幫助；ToComfortAlways. 總是，去安慰。1873年，25歲的特魯多醫(yī)生罹患結(jié)核病，只身來到人煙稀少的撒拉納克湖畔等待死亡。遠(yuǎn)離城市喧囂的他沉醉在對過去美好生活的回憶中，間或上山走走，打打獵，過著悠閑的日子。漸漸地，他驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的身體在恢復(fù)，不久居然順利地完成了未竟的學(xué)業(yè)，獲得了博士學(xué)位。于是，特魯多繼續(xù)回到城市里行醫(yī)。奇怪的是，每當(dāng)他在城里住上一段時間，結(jié)核病就會復(fù)發(fā)，而一旦回到撒拉納克湖地區(qū)，又會恢復(fù)體力和激情。1876年，特魯多遷居到了荒野之地撒拉納克湖畔。1884年，特魯多用朋友捐贈的400多美元，創(chuàng)建了第一家專門的結(jié)核病療養(yǎng)院“村舍療養(yǎng)院”，在19世紀(jì)末期的美國，走在了結(jié)核病治療和研究領(lǐng)域的前沿。特魯多成了美國首位分離出結(jié)核桿菌的人。他創(chuàng)辦了一所“結(jié)核病大學(xué)”，對病人生理和心理上的許多照料方法至今仍被沿用著。1915年，特魯多死于結(jié)核病——毫無疑問，他比當(dāng)時人們預(yù)計的要活得長得多。他被埋葬在撒拉納克湖畔，墓碑上刻著的話，即是他一輩子行醫(yī)生涯的座右銘。

治好/治愈（疾?。﹖omakeanillnessormedicalconditiongoaway：Wecouldusecloningtocureillness.

治愈（病人）tomakesbwellagainafterhehasbeenill：Movingtothecountrycuredherofthedisease.

糾正；矯正；消除（弊病等）：Manybadhabitscanbeespeciallydifficulttocure.2015湖北curevt■n[C]

療法；藥物：OnedayscientistswillfindacureforAIDS.

治療；痊愈：Preventionisbetterthancure.Hiscompletecurecan’tbeexpected.

對策：acureforrisingpricescure

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“治愈”疾病“治愈”人療法；藥物治療；痊愈治愈cure基本義“治愈”壞習(xí)慣等對策vn治好/治愈（疾?。┲斡ú∪耍┘m正；矯正；消除（弊病等）aim你的新學(xué)期小目標(biāo)完成了嗎？aim詞源解讀aim動詞的基本義是“toestimate,calculate（估算；計算）”，用眼睛來估算，即“瞄準(zhǔn)”。aimv

vt&vi(用……)

瞄準(zhǔn)；(用……)對準(zhǔn)：Iwasaimingatthetreebuthitthecarbymistake.Thepilotwasaimingfortherunwaybutcamedowninanearbyfield.

vi力求達(dá)到totrytodoorachievesth：Sheaimshigh(=triestoachievealot).We’reaimingforabigimprovement.①aimtodosth:ThetheatreaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingShakespeare’scomedyinsignlanguage.2017全國改②beaimedat(doing)sth:Thisactivityisaimedatimprovingthestudents’listeningandspeakingabilities.2009天津改

vt

[常用于被動語態(tài)]針對：aimsthatsb:aprogrammeaimedatteenagersaimn

[U]瞄準(zhǔn)：Alantookaimatthetarget.

[C]目標(biāo)；目的sthyouintendtodo;apurpose：achieve/realiseone’saimmissone’saimTheaimofthisistoreduceairpollution.takeaimat把目標(biāo)對準(zhǔn)……；把批評的矛頭指向……withtheaimof旨在；目的是?aimlessadj

無目的的；沒有目標(biāo)的?aimlesslyadv

沒有目標(biāo)地；無目的地purpose,goal,target表示“目的，目標(biāo)”的詞有哪些”aim語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“瞄準(zhǔn)”某物“瞄準(zhǔn)”某個結(jié)果(用……)瞄準(zhǔn)；(用……)對準(zhǔn)力求達(dá)到瞄準(zhǔn)(基本義)瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)；目的vnsetupsetup由

set+up組成：set→放up→向上借助小品詞up去理解setup的各義項。首先思考：該短語如何理解和識記？向上放搭建；建起setup

建起；豎起；安裝：setupcamp

建立；設(shè)立；創(chuàng)立(establish)：setupacompany/business

安排：GivemeacallonFridaytosetupatime,OK?2014湖南建起（基本義）setup語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“建起”物體“建起”機(jī)構(gòu)等“建起”做事的順序建起；豎起；安裝建立；設(shè)立；創(chuàng)立安排含有up的短語動詞pickup(撿起)upcleanup(打掃干凈)standup(站起來)speakup(大聲點說)eatup(吃光)setup(建起)hurryup(快點兒)1.up表示“向上/向高處移動”：___________________________2.up表示“（數(shù)量、程度等）增加/上升”：________________________3.up表示“完結(jié)”“徹底”：_______________________pickup,standup,setuphurryup,speakupcleanup,eatup學(xué)習(xí)含有up的短語動詞可以從up入手，理解了up的各義項，有助于理解和記憶相關(guān)的短語動詞。assume將下列句子譯成英語。我本以為他是法國人，但是實際上他是德國人。I______________aFrenchman,butactuallyhewasaGerman.thoughthewashadassumedhimtobeassumevt

[正式用語]擔(dān)任；承擔(dān)(take)：assumeofficeImadeamistakeandIwillassumeresponsibilityforit.

假定；設(shè)想tothinkthatsthistrue,althoughyouhavenoproof：Wethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.Itisgenerallyassumed(that)stressiscausedbytoomuchwork.Whereunemploymentandcrimearehigh,itcanbeassumedthatthelatterisduetotheformer.2009江蘇通過英語釋義來理解辨析assume,supposeassume假定；設(shè)想tothinkthatsthistrue,althoughyouhavenoproofIjustassumedthatthewomanstandingnexttoJackwashiswife.我以為站在杰克旁邊的那名女子是他的妻子。suppose認(rèn)為；猜想tothinkthatsthisprobablytrue,especiallybecauseofsomeinformationyouhaveTherearemanyreasonstosupposethatShakespearewasfamiliarwiththestoriesofmedievalItaly.我們有許多理由認(rèn)為莎士比亞熟悉意大利中世紀(jì)故事。suppose多用于書面語或正式語境中。沒有依據(jù)有依據(jù)?assumingconj

假設(shè)；假定：Assuming(that)you’rechosentobetheleader,whatwillyoudo??assumptionn[C]假定；假設(shè)：Weareworkingontheassumptionthateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.詞匯拓展

[U]加法；增加：Thesign“+”standsforaddition.Theexpensesofthehousehold,withtheadditionofasecondchild,wereheavy.

[C]增加的人/物；附加物：Iloveroses,andIthinktheymakeabeautifuladditiontoanygarden.inaddition另外；加之：ThecompanyprovidescheapInternetaccess.Inaddition,itmakessharewarefreelyavailable.inadditionto除……之外（還）：Inadditiontoreadingforknowledge,wereadforfunandinspiration.2014浙江書面表達(dá)additionn?additionaladj

附加的；另外的；追加的(extra)?additionallyadv

除此之外；此外(inaddition)add+-tion【溫故add】

vt

增添；增加：Iftheteaistoostrong,addsomemorewater.Rudewords,name-calling,andaccusationsonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfire.2012浙江

vi&vt（使）相加：Add7and5(together)tomake12.

vt

補(bǔ)充說：“Anddon’tbelate,”sheadded.addto增加：Colorfulumbrellasaddtoalivelyatmosphereinthesummerstreets.addup把……加起來；合計：Addupyourscoreandseehowmanypointsyouget.

addupto合計達(dá)；結(jié)果是：Hisdebtsaddedupto$5,000.Remember:littlestepsadduptobigdreams.2011天津treatment在歐美國家,每年萬圣節(jié)期間孩子們晚上都會挨家挨戶敲門，主人一開門他們就大聲喊trickortreat。trickortreat是什么意思呢？節(jié)日本身賦予它的含義是“不給糖就搗亂”。treat在這個習(xí)語中意為“款待”。treatvt

對待；看待：

Treatotherpeopleasyouwouldliketobetreated.——伊索Yourparentstreatyouasanadult,whileminetreatmeasachild.

招待；款待；請(客)：Don’tworryaboutthecost;I’lltreatyou.Mydadwantedtotreatmetoavacationlikeneverbefore.2018浙江

醫(yī)治；治療：Whichdoctorsaretreating

herforherillness?

(化學(xué))處理：Beijingisabletotreat90percentofwastewater.基本義：對待treat

n

[C]

招待；款待；樂事：Hetookhissontothecinema,asabirthdaytreat.Whenwewerekids,atriptotheparkwasarealtreat.treatment

n

[U]對待；處理：fair/specialtreatment

[C]&[U]治療；療法：need/requirehospital/medicaltreatmentThebesttreatmentfor/ofacoldistorestandhavelotsofwater.treat語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖對待基本義“對待”某人或某物對待；看待“對待”客人朋友等“對待”病人用化學(xué)方式“對待”某物招待；款待；請(客)醫(yī)治；治療(化學(xué))處理vn招待；款待；樂事treatment對待；處理治療；療法短語動詞getthrough中g(shù)et意為“使”，through意為“通過”，getthrough的基本義是“(使)通過”。getthrough根據(jù)getthrough的基本義寫出下列句子或詞塊中g(shù)etthrough的漢語釋義。Ittookusagestogetthroughpassportcontrolandcustoms.Shegotthroughtheexamination.

Heavyrainshavepreventedfoodsuppliesfromgettingthrough.getthrough(with)one’swork

Focusingonthatgoalhelpsmegetthroughtoughtimes.

Itriedphoningheroffice,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.2009全國getthrough通過通過完成到達(dá)熬過/渡過打通(使)通過（基本義）getthrough語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖通過考試

(使)物品通過到某人手上(使)電話線網(wǎng)絡(luò)通過通過到達(dá)接通/打通(使)通過工作完成(使)通過困難時期(使)渡過/熬過音譯詞1.

嘻哈

________2.羅曼蒂克

________3.引擎

________4.酷

________5.粉絲

________6.拷貝________7.派對

________8.休克

________9.脫口秀

________10.摩登

________11.車?yán)遄觃_______12.博客________hip-hop1.

Internet________2.mini

________3.guitar

________4.Cola

________5.ballet

________6.marathon________7.Band-Aid______8.dozen

_______9.jazz

________10.shark

________11.pick-up________12.salad________有些英語詞匯，漢語中沒有與之對應(yīng)的詞，翻譯時會借用中文諧音來翻譯。掌握這一英漢翻譯思維，便于學(xué)習(xí)時理解和記憶單詞。romanticenginecoolfans

copypartyshocktalkshowmoderncherriesblog因特網(wǎng)迷你吉他可樂芭蕾馬拉松邦迪/創(chuàng)可貼打爵士鯊魚

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沙拉

漢譯英英譯漢說出下列句子中劃線單詞精準(zhǔn)的漢語釋義。trap1.Therabbit’slegwascaughtinthetrap.2.Ididn’ttakethemoneywithme,becauseIwasworrieditmightbeatrap.impact1.Theimpactofthecrashthrewthepassengersoutoftheirseats.2.Internet’simpactonthewaywedobusinesshasbeenremarkable.cure1.Thetreatmentcuredherofcancer.2.Thelocalgovernmenthastakeneffectivemeasurestocureunemployment.（捕鳥獸的）陷阱（具體）隱喻metaphor（陷害人的）圈套（比喻）沖擊力（具體）影響（比喻）治愈（具體）解決（比喻）英語中的metaphor（隱喻）來源于希臘語metaphora，該詞由meta-(over)和pherein(tocarry)合成，合起來意思是tocarryover（拿過來）。因此，隱喻的本質(zhì)是用一種事物來理解另一種事物，并且多是參照熟悉的、有形的、具體的事物來認(rèn)識和表達(dá)無形的、抽象的事物。隱喻是一種思維方式，無處不在，它是多義詞產(chǎn)生詞義的主要理據(jù)。建立隱喻思維能更好地理解和掌握由基本義到衍生義這一思維。隱喻metaphor必修一、二冊中的典型詞單詞基本義比喻義source(B1U2)源頭；發(fā)源地來源slim(B1U3)苗條的

微小的；不足的strength(B1U3)體力；力氣實力track(B1U3)足跡鐵軌；跑道struggle(B1U5)（與某人）

搏斗斗爭；奮斗gap(B1U5)缺口間隔；差距；分歧balance(B2U1)天平平衡；均衡pressure(B2U2)（物理學(xué)）壓力；壓強(qiáng)（精神上的、外界施加的）壓力stream(B2U3)小溪；小河（人/車）流approach(B2U4)通道；道路（處理……的）方法；（達(dá)到……的）途徑話題詞匯：音樂musicTypesMusicalInstrumentsPlacesPeoplePerformanceblues,classical,disco,folk,jazz,opera,pop,hip-hop,rap,rock,symphony,traditional,countrymusic,ballet,electronicmusic,heavymetalmusic,R&B,rockandroll,soulconcerthall,operahouse,stadium,stagestreet,studio,theateralbum,composition,concert,harmony,lyrics,melody,note,record,release（發(fā)布會）,song,tunebeat,compose,conduct,listento,perform,play,practice,record,*release,sing,writeWindInstruments:bagpipe,flute,trumpet,saxophonePercussionInstruments:drumStringedInstruments:guitar,violinKeyboardInstruments:pianoartist,audience,band,boy/girlband,(virtual)choir,chorus,composer,conductor,DJ,drummer,fan,guitarist,musician,performer,pianist,rapper,singer,singer-songwriter,violinistlive本單元金句匯總1.Preventionisbetterthancure.2.Thisactivityisaimedatimprovingthestudents’listeningandspeakingabilities.3.Assuming(that)you’rechosentobetheleader,whatwillyoudo?4.Inadditiontoreadingforknowledge,wereadforfunandinspiration.5.Remember:littlestepsadduptobigdreams.6.Treat

otherpeopleasyouwouldliketobe

treated.7.Focusingonthatgoalhelpsmegetthroughtoughtimes.

隨堂檢測cure一、根據(jù)語境選出畫線詞的漢語釋義及基本義和衍生義。a.解決 b.治愈1.Thetreatmentcuredherofcancer. __________2.Thelocalgovernmenthastakeneffectivemeasurestocureunemployment. __________cure的基本義是“_____

”，它的比喻義（衍生義）是“_____”。二、寫出下列句子中畫線部分精準(zhǔn)的漢語釋義。Manybadhabitscanbeespeciallydifficulttocurebecausetheyarelikelytohavebeenformedataveryyoungage.

(2015湖北)_______________abab糾正/改正aim一、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Theaim________educationistoteachyoungpeopletothinkforthemselvesandnotfollowothersblindly.(2014浙江)2.He’saiming________awininthisrace.3.Theseeducationalcoursesareaimed_________olderpeople.4.Iwanttoseeastrongandunitedcountryinwhichpeopleworktogetherwithcommon________(aim).5.Themeasuresareaimedat___________(prevent)violence.6.Weaim________(be)therearoundsix.of

at

for

aims

preventing

tobe二、根據(jù)漢語完成下列句子。1.____________________(他瞄得不準(zhǔn))andhemissedthetarget.(aimn)2.Thisbriefbook______________________________________(針對中學(xué)生).(2010湖北)3.Thisactivity____________________(旨在提高)thestudents’listeningandspeakingabilities.(2009天津改)

Hisaimwaspoor

isaimedathigh/middleschoolstudents

isaimedatimprovingsetup寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.They’vesetup

roadblocksaroundthecity. ________2.Ineedoneortwopeopletohelpmesetuptheequipment. ________3.They’vesetup

afundforvictims（受害者）oftheearthquake. ________4.Doyouwantmetosetupameeting? ________5.Afterleavingcollege,hesetupasaphotographer. ________安裝設(shè)立設(shè)置安排當(dāng)上將下列句子譯成英語。1.普遍認(rèn)為，壓力為工作過重所致。_____________________________________________2.在失業(yè)率和犯罪率高的地方，我們可以假定高犯罪率是由高失業(yè)率造成的。Whereunemploymentandcrimearehigh,____________________thelatterisduetotheformer.assumeItisgenerallyassumed(that)stressiscausedbytoomuchwork.itcanbeassumedthataddition在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Visitorsshouldnotfeedwildan