專題26【匯編】新八省期中閱讀理解議論文通關(guān)16篇（滿分攻略+八省名校模擬）

《2025年新八省新高考英語(yǔ)滿分通關(guān)練》專題26【匯編】新八省期中閱讀理解議論文通關(guān)16篇（滿分攻略+八省名校模擬）原卷版議論議論文滿分作答解題妙招議論文是英語(yǔ)中的重要文體，在閱讀理解中占有一定的比例。議論文就是說(shuō)理性的文章，一般由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證過(guò)程組成。議論文都要提出論題、觀點(diǎn)、提供充分的證據(jù)，使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論。議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主，偶爾考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感態(tài)度?？忌谄綍r(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論文，以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。一、考情分析議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主，但不排除對(duì)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的考查。考生在平時(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論文，以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。1.語(yǔ)言與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)議論文應(yīng)該觀點(diǎn)明確、論據(jù)充分、語(yǔ)言精練、論證合理、有嚴(yán)密的邏輯性。議論文通常采用三段論式的結(jié)構(gòu)，即“提出問(wèn)題（引論）—分析問(wèn)題（本論）—解決問(wèn)題（結(jié)論）”。由此可見(jiàn)，要理解議論文有兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，一是要弄清文章的論點(diǎn)是什么、采用了哪些論據(jù)、如何論證；二是要理清其基本結(jié)構(gòu)——三段論式結(jié)構(gòu)。2.答題誤區(qū)議論文閱讀理解題易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)往往在于事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)的區(qū)分以及觀點(diǎn)本身。解題時(shí)，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事實(shí)，哪些是作者的觀點(diǎn)以及引述中不同人物的觀點(diǎn)；二要弄清作者真正的觀點(diǎn)是什么，既要考慮全文，又要重視結(jié)論部分，謹(jǐn)防將文章中引述的某人的觀點(diǎn)和作者的觀點(diǎn)混為一談。二、解題秘籍1.抓住論點(diǎn)找主旨。閱讀議論文最重要的是抓住文章的論點(diǎn)，找到文章的論點(diǎn)也就把握了文章的主旨。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，作者會(huì)在開(kāi)頭段落交代文章的論點(diǎn)，因此，細(xì)讀文章首段尤為重要。議論文多采用“倒三角形”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此“首段”和“段首”就是做題最大的要領(lǐng)，據(jù)此可以做好寫(xiě)作意圖題、主旨大意題和標(biāo)題推斷題。2.理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)。議論文一般采用“總分總”的結(jié)構(gòu)，作者先給出論點(diǎn)，然后從不同方面（正面，反面）進(jìn)行論證，最后給出總結(jié)或者自己的觀點(diǎn)。文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)較為明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)，并列或者歸納總結(jié)等的邏輯關(guān)系詞?？忌陂喿x時(shí)，要理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，找到論點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)而理解作者給出的論據(jù)，突破細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題。3.體會(huì)語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。能否正確把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度是體現(xiàn)閱讀能力的重要方面。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向，必須在通讀全文，掌握了論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)后，方能做出判斷。在判斷作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度時(shí)，我們應(yīng)注意，有時(shí)候作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度并不是明確地表達(dá)出來(lái)的，需要我們認(rèn)真體察。做推理判斷時(shí)，一定要遵循邏輯規(guī)律，以事實(shí)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行合理的推理。4.注意干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)。①包含項(xiàng)原則在答案選項(xiàng)分析中，假如對(duì)A選項(xiàng)的理解概括了對(duì)其他三項(xiàng)(或其中某一項(xiàng))的理解，那么我們就說(shuō)選項(xiàng)A與其他三項(xiàng)是包含或概括關(guān)系，包含項(xiàng)A往往就是正確答案。如在＂花＂與＂玫瑰＂兩選項(xiàng)中，正確答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。②正反項(xiàng)原則所謂正反項(xiàng)，是指兩選項(xiàng)陳述的命題完全相矛盾。兩個(gè)相互矛盾的陳述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四選項(xiàng)中A、B互為正反項(xiàng)，那我們通常先排除C、D項(xiàng)，正確答案一般在A、B項(xiàng)當(dāng)中。③委婉項(xiàng)原則所謂委婉，這里是指說(shuō)話不能說(shuō)死，要留有余地。閱讀理解選項(xiàng)中語(yǔ)氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。這些選項(xiàng)一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語(yǔ)氣的表達(dá)，如：probably,possibly,may,usually,might,mostof,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto等等，而含有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣的表達(dá)往往不是正確答案，如：must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already等等。④同形項(xiàng)原則命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個(gè)大命題范圍，然后通過(guò)語(yǔ)言形式的細(xì)微變化來(lái)考查考生的理解能力與分析能力。同形項(xiàng)原則告訴我們：詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的選項(xiàng)中有正確答案的存在。⑤常識(shí)項(xiàng)原則議論文中，那些符合一般常識(shí)、意義深刻富有哲理、符合一般規(guī)律、屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的往往是正確答案。⑥因果項(xiàng)原則閱讀理解的邏輯推理基本都是通過(guò)因果鏈進(jìn)行的，前因后果，一步步循序漸進(jìn)。然而，在推理題的選項(xiàng)中，有的選項(xiàng)會(huì)推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理過(guò)頭(止于后果)，這就是所謂的干擾項(xiàng)。因果項(xiàng)原則啟示我們：假如四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)互為同一事物推理過(guò)程中的因果關(guān)系，那么正確答案就是兩個(gè)因果項(xiàng)中的其中之一。如果因項(xiàng)可產(chǎn)生幾個(gè)結(jié)果，那么答案就是因；如果果項(xiàng)可以對(duì)應(yīng)幾個(gè)原因，那么答案就是果。三、議論文實(shí)用答題妙招1.閱讀理解議論文深層理解解題居多，落實(shí)“題文同序”和“同義替換”。2.推理判斷題注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清來(lái)龍去脈再推斷。3主旨大意題要關(guān)注文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及關(guān)鍵詞。4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重視首尾段照應(yīng)和首段概括引領(lǐng)作用。5.滿分策略：讀題干→找原文→做標(biāo)記→留痕跡→看選項(xiàng)→扣字眼。新八省新八省期中名校模擬試題【八省期中匯編·閱讀·議論文01】（24-25高三上·四川成都·期中）Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitment(投入)toaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisthatweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone’sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion(排除)ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective(視角)intospecificfieldsofexpertise(專長(zhǎng)).Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.“Idon’tknowwhereitwilllead,butI’mexcitedI’monthispursuit.”Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.1．Tobecomeaspecialist,whatdoesonepersonmayhavetodo?A．Narrowhisrangeofknowledge. B．Avoidresponsibilitiesatwork.C．Knowmoreaboutthesociety. D．Broadenhisperspectiveonlife.2．WhatdothespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendtodo?A．Treasuretheirfreedom. B．Travelaroundtheworld.C．Spendmosttimeworking. D．Enjoymeetingfunnypeople.3．WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A．Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson’ssuccess.B．In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C．Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D．Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.4．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howtoturnageneralistintoaspecialist. B．Therearesomewaystobecomeageneralist.C．Weshouldbemoreageneralistthanaspecialist. D．It’shardtodecidetobeageneralistoraspecialist.【八省期中匯編·閱讀·議論文02】（24-25高三上·四川·期中）Thelawofsupplyanddemanddeterminesthatanoverabundanceofanythingwillleadtoadecreaseinprice.Thisruleappliesnotonlytogoodsandservices,butalsotolifestyleandfashiontrends.Inthe19thcentury,theprimitivepaintingsofPicassoandMatisseshookupthepositiveimageoftheFrenchbourgeoisie(中產(chǎn)階級(jí)).Inthe1970s,talentedmusicianswithtailoredcostumesandegoswereovershadowedbyabandofpunkrockerswhosangaboutthecruelrealitiesofordinarylifeinpoorurbanareas.Ipredictthatthiswillalsohappenwithbeautystandards.Theidealizedversionoflifeportrayedinfashionmagazineswillreachaturningpoint,aspeoplebecometiredofunattainableperfection.DuringmytimeinWashingtonD．C．inthe1990s,Ihadtheopportunitytointeractwithnumerouspoliticalcelebrities.WhilechattingwithformerpresidentsorbumpingintoTVpundits(名嘴)inelevators,IalsoassistedformerSecretaryofDefenseRobertMcNamara,whowasmyboss’sboss.Whatstruckmewashowplainthesepeopleappearedinreallifedespitetheirpubliccharacters.Likeeveryoneelse,theygrappledwithinsecuritiesandmoodswings,eventhoughtheywereconstantlyunderthespotlight.Yes,itwasgreattodropnamesonthephonetomyfriends.Myfather,ofcourse,couldn’tunderstandwhyIwouldeverwanttoleavethere.“Becauseyou’renotmeandI’mnotimpressed,”Itoldhim.Wedonotneedtoleadaluxuriouslifeormakegroundbreakingachievementstobecontent.Happinesscanbefoundinlivingouttheordinarymomentsofanauthenticlife.Mostofusendupbeingordinarypeoplewithoutdoinganythingthatchangestheworld,butthatdoesnotmeanourlivesaremeaningless.Infact,itispreciselythisrealizationthatleadstosustainablehappinessbecause,whenallissaidanddone,noone’slifestyleisessentiallybetterthananyother’s.1．Whatisparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．People’slifestylewaschangedbyFrenchbourgeoisie.B．Newformsofartandmusicstartedtofocusmoreonreality.C．Artistsandmusicianscalledonpeopletoleadasimpleandreallife.D．Ordinarypeople’sunderstandingofartandmusicwasalwaysinalowerclass.2．Whatdoestheauthor’sobservationaboutpoliticalcelebritiessuggest?A．Theyarejustlikeordinarypeople.B．Theylacktheabilitytoleadanormallife.C．Theyarenotassuccessfulastheyclaimtobe.D．TheyarenotasintelligentastheyappearonTV.3．Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinephraseinparagraph4?A．struggledwith. B．a(chǎn)greedwith. C．cameupwith. D．competedwith.4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Noone’slifestyleisassameasothers’.B．Peopleshouldstriveforabetterlifestyle.C．Peopleshouldbecontentwiththeirownlifestyles.D．Peopleshouldcriticallyevaluateotherpeople’slifestyles.【八省期中匯編·閱讀·議論文03】（24-25高三上·四川內(nèi)江·階段練習(xí)）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance:curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurgescountformuchmorethanambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresonlythecalmandrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Nowsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.1．InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto.A．proposeadefinition B．makeacomparisonC．reachaconclusion D．presentanargument2．Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A．Observetheunknownaroundyou. B．Developaquestioningmind.C．Leadalifeofadventure. D．Followthefashion.3．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A．Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.B．Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C．Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D．Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.4．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．CuriousMindsNeverFeelContented B．ReflectionsonHumanNatureC．TheKeystoAchievement D．NeverTooLatetoLearn【八省期中匯編·閱讀·議論文04】（24-25高三上·云南·期中考試）Planetarychangeswhichwillhaveaninfluenceonmanyaredrawingnearbecauseofthepoorecologicalstateoftheplanet.Actuallychangehasalreadybegunthroughclimatechanges,butmosthumanshaven’tnoticedthisyet.Climatechangehasbeguntoinfluencetheworldalreadyandwillbegintoworsenwithinthenextfewyears.Astheplanetisunderbiggeological(地質(zhì)的)stresses,whicharecontinuouslyincreasing,itwillinthefuturenolongerbeabletosupportitspopulation.Shortageofresources,over-farming,lackofcleanair,notenoughcleandrinkingwateranddroughtaresomeoftheissuesthatwillallplayamuchgreaterroleinthenearfuture.Humanshavecausedlargeecologicaldestruction.Thelifestylesofmanypeoplearechangingatafastspeed;however,thiswillfinallyresultinashortageofsomevaluableresources.Whenthisshortagebeginstohappen,peoplewillnolongerbeabletohavesustainable(可持續(xù)的)lifestyles.It’simportanttounderstandthateveryoneplaysaroleinthewholeprocessoflife.Eachperson’sdecisioncanfinallyaffectthefuture.Thesedecisions,allcombined,canhaveaverygoodeffectonwhatthefuturewillbelikeforhumans.Sothefuturedependsonthechoiceswemakeatthepresentmoment.Whilemoreandmorepeoplearebecomingawareofclimatechangeandotherenvironmentalproblemsrelatedtoglobalwarming,notallarefullyunderstandinghowfar-reachingitseffectswillbe.Unfortunately,mostofthehumansrealizethattheplanetisn’tfunctioningwell,buttheydon’tunderstandthatthisiscreatingamajorproblemforthefuturesurvivalofhumans.So,everypersonshouldmakethenecessarychangestoreducetheirinfluenceontheenvironmentandhelpcreateamoresustainablefuture1．Whatdoweknowaboutclimatechangefromthetext?A．Itisnotcasyforpeopletounderstand. B．Itisexpectedtobecomeworsesoon.C．Itismainlycausedbynaturaldisasters. D．Itiswellrealizedbymosthumans.2．Whatareparagraphs2and3mainlyabout?A．Resourceshumansarerunningoutof. B．Healthylifestyleshumansneedtolead.C．Problemshumanswillbefacedwith. D．Geologicalchangeshumanshavecaused.3．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tocallonpeopletocontributetoasustainablefuture.B．Toinformpeopletheplanetisn’tfunctioningproperly.C．Towarnpeopleofthedangerofecologicaldestruction.D．Totellpeopletherightwaytoobtainenoughresources.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheCausesofPlanetaryChanges B．TheInfluenceofEcologicalDestructionC．WaystoBuildaSustainableFuture D．EnvironmentalDamageandtheHumanFuture【八省期中匯編·閱讀·議論文05】（24-25高二上·山西·期中考試）Happinessisn’tearned;it’snoticed.Youcanputalotofenergyintogettingtoapositionwherehappinessiseasiertonotice.Butifyouarenotexcitedaboutanachievement,youknowthathappinessisn’tautomatic(自動(dòng)的).Instead,youneedtopracticenoticinghappinessaroundyou.It’sactuallyarathercommonemotion;wejustusuallyignoremostofthesourcesforitbecausetheyarenotimportant.Everyrockaroundyouhasastory,astructure,andatexture(紋理).Pickuparockandlookatituntilyoufindsomethingyoulike.Thendropit,catchanother,anddoitagain.Withjustalittlepractice,you’llbuildanentirelittlesysteminyourownheadforadmiringrocks,andprettysoonyoucangetalittlebitofhappinessjustlookingatarock.Thatincludeseverything.Flowers,trees,wind,clouds,cars,rain,ruraldiners,children’ssportsmatches,librarybathrooms,parkinglots,everything.Theworldhasanendlesssupplyofdetail,andthere’snogoodreasonnottolearntoenjoythat.Whenyoudothis,yougetthiskindofsuperpowerwhereyoucanfindsmalljoyinanysituation.Theonlyreasonwhymostofusdon’tlearntopracticethisskillisthatweweretoldit’sawasteoftimebypeoplewhoneverfigureditout.Withalotofpractice,itcanevenhelpyououtduringtimesofintensesadness,fearorpain.Whenyouexperienceanegative(消極的)emotion,it’saverypowerfulskilltobeabletosay“Wow,howinterestingthatapersoncanhurtlikethis!Whataworld!”Itdoesn’tmakethebadfeelingsgoaway,itdoesn’tfixwhateverproblemthatcausedthem,buteveninthedepthsofhopelessnessyoucanshinealittlelight.1．Whatdowelearnabouthappinessfromparagraph1?A．Itisdifficulttoget. B．Itliesineveryone’slife.C．Itrequiresdiscovering. D．Itisamixedemotion.2．What’stheauthor’spurposeinmentioningtherock?A．Totellthestoriesbehindit.B．Toconnectitwithmanyotherthings.C．Toprovethevalueofeveryrock.D．Toshowawaytonoticehappiness.3．Whydomanypeoplefailtonoticehappiness?A．Theyrunafterrealjoyinlife. B．Theywanttocovereverything.C．Theyaremisledbynegativepeople. D．Theypaytoomuchattentiontodetail.4．Howcanadmiringhappinessbenefitus?A．Itdrivesourbadfeelingsaway. B．Itbrightensusinapositivelight.C．Ithelpssolvedifficultproblemsinlife. D．Itkeepsourmindopentoeverything.【八省期中匯編·閱讀·議論文06】（2024·陜西榆林·一模）Superhumanartificialintelligenceisalreadyamongus.Well,sortof.WhenitcomestoplayinggameslikechessandGo,orsolvingdifficultscientificchallengeslikepredictingproteinstructures,computersarewellaheadofus.Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren’tclosetomastering:mindreading.Humanshaveamysteriousabilitytoreasonthegoals,desiresandbeliefsofothers,avitalskillthatmeanswecanpredictotherpeople’sactionsandtheconsequencesofourown.Readingmindscomessoeasilytous,though,thatweoftendon’tthinktospelloutwhatwewant.IfAIsaretobecometrulyusefulineverydaylife,wehavetogivethemthisgiftthatevolutionhasgivenustoreadotherpeople’sminds.Psychologistsrefertotheabilitytoinferother’smentalstateastheoryofmind.Inhumans,thisabilitystartstodevelopataveryyoungage.Howtoreproducethecompetenceinmachinesisfarfromclear,though.Oneofthemainchallengesiscontext.Forinstance,ifsomeoneaskswhetheryouaregoingforarunandyoureply“it’sraining”,theycanquicklyconcludethattheanswerisno.Butthisrequireshugeamountsofbackgroundknowledgeaboutrunning,weatherandhumanpreferences.Moreover,whetherhumansorAI,thetheoryofmindissupposedtoappearnaturallyfromone’sownlearningprocess.YetwemightstillwantAItohaveamorehuman-likeformoftheoryofmind.WhilelettingAIformthetheoryofmindintheirlearningprocessislikelytoleadtodevelopingmorepowerfulAI,plainlybuildinginsharedwaystorepresentknowledgemaybecrucialforhumanstotrustandcommunicatewithAI.Itisimportanttoremember,though,thatthepursuitofmachineswiththeoryofmindisaboutmorethanjustbuildingmoreusefulrobots.ItisalsoasteppingstoneonthepathtowardsadeepergoalforAIandroboticsresearch:buildingtrulyself-awaremachines.Whetherwewillevergetthereremainstobeseen,butweareonthepathtolearningtothinkaboutourselves.1．Whydoestheauthormention“games”and“proteinstructures”inthefirstparagraph?A．Tostresshowimportantthescienceis. B．TopromotetheuseofAIindailylife.C．TopresentAI’stheoryofmind. D．TocontrastwithAI’slackofmindreading.2．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontextscanAIunderstandwell?A．Whenkidsseetheirmomafterhurtingthemselvesandtheycrylouder.B．Whenamomtellsherkidtoeatthefoodthatisgoodforhealthandheeatsit.C．Whenateacherasksforaboy’shomeworkandheanswers“mydogateit”.D．Whenyouareaskedtoeatspicyfoodfordinnerandyoureply“asorethroat”.3．Whatmaytheauthoragreewith?A．Weshouldrejecthuman-likeformsofabilitiesforAI.B．Humans’theoryofmindisfarfromperfect.C．Mindreadingrequireshugeamountsofcontext.D．Thetheoryofmindisindependentofone’slearningprocess.4．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AIwithItsOwnTheoryofMindIsExpectedB．AIwithTheoryofMindWillReshapeOurFutureC．AI’sTheoryofMindIsaBlessingorSufferingtoHumansD．TheoryofMindBridgestheGapBetweenHumansandAI【八省期中匯編·閱讀·議論文07】（24-25高三上·山西忻州·階段練習(xí)）TheGreekphilosopherHeraclitustaughtthatyoucan’tstepintothesamerivertwice,foryouaren’tthesamepersonateachvisit,andthewateriseverflowing.Itisapowerfulwaytorepresenttherealitythateverythingisalwayschanging.Yetsomanyofushavedifficultyadaptingtochange.Wedenyit,resistitorattempttocontrolit,theresultofwhichisalmostalwayssomecombinationofstress,anxietyandburnout.Itdoesn’thavetobethatway.Nodoubt,changecan,andoftendoes,hurt.Butwiththerightmind-set,itcanalsobeaforceforgrowth.It’snotasifwehaveanychoiceinthematter.Likeitornot,lifeischange.We’dbewisetoshiftourpositionfromuselessresistancetobeinginconversationwithchangeinstead.Aconceptcalledallostasiscanhelp.Developedinthelate1980sbyPeterSterlingandJosephEyer,allostasisisdefinedas“stabilitythroughchange”.Inotherwords,thewaytostaystablethroughtheprocessofchangeisbychanging,atleasttosomeextent.Fromneurosciencetopainscienceandpsychology,allostasishasbecomethestandardmodelforunderstandingchangeinthescientificcommunity.Thebrainisatitsbestwhenitisconstantlymakingnewconnections.Overcomingpain,beitphysicalorpsychological,isnotaboutresistance(whichoftenworsenstheexperience)ortryingtogetbacktowhereyouwerebeforeadistressingeventorsituation.It’saboutbalancingacceptancewithproblem-solvingandmovingforwardtoanewnormal.Yetthisconceptisstilllittleknowntoordinarypeopleanditistimetostartpracticingitnow.Overthepastfewyears,theriverofchangehasbeenflowingmercilessly,anditshowsnosignsoflettingup.Hardlyadecadeafterthewidespreadadoptionofsocialmedia,anewtechnologythatmaybefarmorepowerful,artificialintelligence,isbeingwidelyused.It’slikewhatourfriendHeraclitusadvised:Takepartinchangebyfocusingonwhatwecancontrolandtryingtoletgoofwhatwecan’t.Ourabilitytoworkwiththesechangesisdirectlyrelatedtoourlifesatisfaction.1．Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A．Wecouldhavearightmind-set. B．Philosophyexistseverywhere.C．Somepeoplearewiserthanothers. D．Changeisunavoidableinlife.2．Howshouldwedealwithchangesaccordingtotheauthor?A．Ignorethem. B．Participateinthem.C．Fightagainstthem. D．Putthemundercontrol.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“l(fā)ettingup”inparagraph6probablymean?A．Slowingdown. B．Settingoff. C．Marchingon. D．Pullingin.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyCan’tWeAdapttoChangesinLife?B．HowCanWeIncreaseOurLifeSatisfaction?C．Let’sTransformOurRelationshipWithChangeD．TrytoHelpthePublictoUnderstandAllostasis【八省期中匯編·閱讀·議論文08】（24-25高三上·山西運(yùn)城·期中考試）YouhaveprobablyheardofHenryDavidThoreauandhisbookWalden,eventhoughhismessageofsimplicitymaysoundoutdated.Nowadays,smartphonesflooduswithtextmessages.Manyconsumersarebuyingthelatestdigitaldevices,fromtabletsandfitnesstrackerstocommercialdrones.Simplelivingseemstobeathingofthepast.Thoreauwouldbegtodiffer.Asawriterwhoadvocatedthevalueofsimplicityalmosttwocenturiesago,hewasacontrarianforhistime.HelivedduringtheheightoftheIndustrialAge,distinguishedbytheriseoflargefactories,expandingurbandevelopments,andpowerfulmachines.Turnedoffbytheconstantbusynessofthistime,Thoreauwithdrewfromcitylifetolivealoneinthewoods.HebroughtwithhimonlythenecessitiesoflifeandwroteaboutthisadventureinhisbookWalden.Inthebook,Thoreauisbasicallymakingaphilosophicalstatement.Wearenotlivingmeaningfullivesduetomoderntechnology.Wecreatedpowerfulmachinestomakelifemoreconvenient.Unfortunately,thesemachineshavedonetheopposite.Inhiswords,“Menhavebecomethetoolsoftheirtools.”Thatistosay,wearenottheonescontrollingtechnology.Technologyiscontrollingus.Everyfewminutes,smartphonesmaydistractuswithmessages.AtleasthalfofAmericanschecktheirphonesseveraltimesanhour.Meanwhile,informationoverloadfromsocialmediacanweakenourconcentrationandheightenconfusion.Whentechnologycausesthatmuchdistractionandconfusion,itmaybehealthytosimplifylifebyreducingtechnologyoveruse.Personally,I’vedonesointwoways.First,Iuseverylittledataonmyphoneandkeeptheappsonittoaminimum.Mosttime,Ionlyusemyphonetocallortext.Second,Iquitmostsocialmedia.Sure,thosetwothingsaren’tasextremeasThoreauwithdrawingintothewoods.Nevertheless,they’rerealisticmovesIcanmaketowardlivingamoremeaningfullife.1．Whatdoes“contrarian”inparagraph2mean?A．Adefenderofaright. B．Asupporterofanidea.C．Anobjectortoavalue. D．Anadvocateofaprinciple.2．WhydidThoreauescapetothewoods?A．Hewasabandonedbysociety. B．Hetriedtoprovehisindependence.C．Heenjoyedadventuresintheforest. D．Hewasfedupwithbusyindustriallife.3．Whyaresmartphonesandsocialmediamentionedinparagraph4?A．Todiscusstheeffectofmodernization.B．Toillustratemen’sheavyrelianceontools.C．Tohighlighttheextensiveuseoftechnology.D．Toshowtheconvenienceoftechnologicaltools.4．Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Quittingsocialmedia. B．Withdrawingintothewoods.C．Usingtechnologywisely. D．Livinganextremelysimplelife.【八省期中匯編·閱讀·議論文09】（24-25高三上·陜西渭南·階段練習(xí)）Globalizationhasreshapedtheworldinprofoundways,joiningnationscloselytogetherthroughtrade,communication,andculturalexchange.Whilemanycelebratetheeconomicopportunitiesitbrings,globalizationalsoposessignificantchallengestolocalcultures,whichcanbeovershadowedbyahomogenizingglobalculture.Thisraisesacomplexdebate:Doesglobalizationenrichlocalculturesorendangerthem?Ononehand,globalizationallowsforanunprecedentedexchangeofideas,customs,andvalues.Itexposesindividualstodiversecultures,promotingunderstandingandtoleranceamongdifferentsocieties.Forexample,internationalfestivalsandfoodfairsintroducepeopletoforeigncuisinesandtraditions,enrichingtheirculturalexperienceandbroadeningtheirworldviews.However,theothersideofthisculturalexchangeisoftenadilutionofdistinctlocalidentities.Asglobalbrandsdominatemarketsworldwide,localbusinessesandtraditionscanstruggletosurvive.ThewidespreadexistenceoffastfoodchainslikeMcDonald’sandStarbucksincitiesaroundtheworldisaprooftothistrend.Thisnotonlyleadstothedisappearanceofuniqueculturallandmarksbutalsotoamorehomogenizedglobalculturewherelocalfeaturesmaystruggletofindaplace.Furthermore,thepressuretoadapttoglobalmarketdemandsoftenreshapeslocalculturesinwaysthatprioritizeprofitabilityovergenuineness.Traditionalcraftsandpracticesarecommercializedandremovedoftheiroriginalmeaningtoappealtomassmarkets.Thiscanleadtoashallowunderstandingofculturalsymbols,whicharedisassociatedfromtheirrichhistoricalcontexts.Despitethesechallenges,globalizationisnotnecessarilyadisasterforlocalcultures.Manycommunitieshav