2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT教學(xué)知識細(xì)解碼學(xué)案新人教版選擇性必修第一冊

PAGEUNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT1．commitvt.承諾；保證(某個人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；一心一意投入(工作、活動等)→committedadj.不遺余力的；堅決的；堅信的→commitmentn．承諾；交托；信奉2．distinctadj.清晰的；清晰的；有區(qū)分的→distinctionn．差別；區(qū)分；卓著3.acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝→acknowledgementn．承認(rèn)4．concludevt.推斷出；得出結(jié)論；使結(jié)束vi.結(jié)束；終止→conclusionn．結(jié)論；推論；結(jié)束5.apparentadj.自不待言的；明顯的；表面上的→apparentlyadv.自不待言；看來；明顯6.sciencen．科學(xué)→scientistn．科學(xué)家→scientificadj.科學(xué)(上)的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的7.academyn．(藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、科學(xué)等的)探討院；學(xué)會；?？圃盒！鷄cademicadj.學(xué)業(yè)的；學(xué)術(shù)的8.objectn．物體；對象；宗旨→objectiven．目標(biāo)；目的adj.客觀的9.botanyn．植物學(xué)→botanicaladj.植物學(xué)的1．defeatn．失?。淮鞌t.擊?。粦?zhàn)勝；使困惑；難住①Ourfootballteamdefeatedtheirsthistime.vt.擊?。粦?zhàn)勝②Wehadtwodefeatsthisyear.n．失??；挫?、跿hiskindofproblemsalwaysdefeatsme.vt.使困惑；難住2．concludevt.推斷出；得出結(jié)論；使結(jié)束vi.結(jié)束；終止①Themeetingconcludedatteno'clock.vi.結(jié)束；終止②Whenyoudidn'tarrive,weconcludedthatthecarhadbrokendown.vt.推斷出③Theyconcludedtheirresearchwiththesewords.vt.使結(jié)束3.boilvt.&vi.(使)沸騰；煮開；燒開n①Waterboilsat100degreescentigrade.vi.沸騰②Boilsomewaterforus,please!vt.煮開；燒開③Justbeforethemilkcomestotheboil,turndowntheheat.n．沸騰；沸點4.obtainvt.(尤指努力)獲得；贏得；學(xué)會vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行①Thecustomstillobtainsinsomedistricts.vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行②Itisnecessarytoobtainthepatients'permission.vt.③HeobtainedaknowledgeofLatin.vt.學(xué)會WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點1)vitaladj.必不行少的；極其重要的；充溢朝氣的(教材P2)Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria...青蒿素已經(jīng)成為治療瘧疾的重要組成部分……[例1]Hisvitalandcheerfulmannerfilledthewholeteamwithcourage.他那充溢朝氣、歡快的看法使整個隊伍充溢了志氣。[例2]Itisvitalthatweshouldbekeptinformedofalldevelopments.重要的是我們必需熟識全部的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。[學(xué)問拓展]bevitalto... 對……很重要Itisvitaltodosth. 做某事是很重要的Itisvitalthat... ……是非常重要的(that從句中要用虛 擬語氣，即shoulddo,should可以省略)[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Considerationforotherpeopleisvitaltoallofus.②It'svitalthatwe(should)carry(carry)outtheoperationimmediately.③Itisvitaltoprotect(protect)wildanimals.④旅游業(yè)對西班牙經(jīng)濟(jì)至關(guān)重要。TourismisvitaltotheSpanisheconomy.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點2)commitvt.承諾；保證(某個人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；一心一意投入(工作、活動等)(教材P2)TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China，on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.屠呦呦，一位堅決而有耐性的科學(xué)家，1930年12月30日誕生于中國寧波，1955年畢業(yè)于北京高校醫(yī)學(xué)院。[例1]Wearecommittedtoimprovingservices.我們承諾改善服務(wù)。[例2]Nobodywaspreparedtocommitthemselves.誰都不愿作出承諾。[學(xué)問拓展](1)commit...to 把……送交/托付給……； 對……作出承諾，擔(dān)當(dāng)義務(wù)， 擔(dān)負(fù)責(zé)任；使(自己)致力于……commitoneselftodo/todoing... 承諾；保證做……commitacrime 犯罪(2)committedadj. 不遺余力的；堅決的；堅信的commitmentn. 承諾；托付；擔(dān)當(dāng)義務(wù)[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Theboywascommitted(commit)tothecareofhisauntyesterday.②Hehascommittedhimselftothecauseofeducation.③Hehascommittedhimselftosupport(support)them.④ThePresidentiscommittedtoreforming(reform)healthcare.⑤不管怎樣，她都不想作出承諾。Shedidn'twanttocommitherselfonewayortheother.[小片段填空]Also,betotallycommittedtowhatyoudo,asexcellenceisonlypossiblewithcommitment．此外，完全致力于你所做的事，因為只有完全付出才可能達(dá)到卓越。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點3)evaluatevt.評價；評估(教材P2)Herteamexaminedover2，000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280，000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.她的團(tuán)隊查看了2000多本古老的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)，并對28萬種植物的藥用性能進(jìn)行了評估。[例1]Ican'tevaluatehisabilitywithoutseeinghiswork.我沒有看到他的工作狀況，無法評估他的實力。[例2]Theschoolhasonlybeenopenforsixmonths,soit'shardtoevaluateitssuccess.該學(xué)校僅開辦了六個月，所以還很難估計它的成就。[學(xué)問拓展](1)evaluatesb.on/by 依據(jù)……評價某人(2)evaluationn. 估計；評價makeanevaluationof 對……進(jìn)行評估[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Wemustevaluateherabilityon/byherwork.②Wemustevaluate(evaluate)theconsequencescausedbythefire.＝Wemustmakeanevaluation(evaluate)oftheconsequencescausedbythefire.③這項證據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)細(xì)致地評定。Theevidenceshouldbecarefullyevaluated．[小片段填空]Atpresent,thereexistsomeproblemsintheevaluationofteachers.Schoolsshouldperfectthemeansofevaluationandimproveevaluatinglevel.當(dāng)前老師評價中存在著一些弊端，學(xué)校應(yīng)針對存在的問題，完善評價方法，提高評價水平。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點4)obtainvt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行(教材P2)Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.然后他們試著把簇新的苦艾煮開，用從中提取的液體來治療瘧疾，但這也不管用。[例1]Differentlawsobtainindifferentplaces.不同的法律存在于不同的地方。[例2]AsfarasI'mconcerned,whathehaddoneobtainedhimrespect.在我看來，他的所作所為為他贏得了榮譽(yù)。[學(xué)問拓展]obtainknowledge/one'sdegree 獲得學(xué)問/學(xué)位obtainsb.sth.＝obtainsth.forsb. 給某人帶來某物obtainsth.bydoingsth. 通過做某事獲得某物obtainsth.fromsb./sth. 從某人/物獲得某物[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Thevalueofapersoncanbeobtained(obtain)byrelativeevaluation.②Hersuccessfulperformanceobtainedgreathonourforher.③DetailscanbeobtainedfromtheDepartmentofEducation.④這種信息從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上很簡單獲得。SuchinformationiseasilyobtainedfromtheInternet.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點5)acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝(教材P2)However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而，屠呦呦并不接受失敗。[例1]Heacknowledgedhavingmadeamistake.他承認(rèn)做錯了。[例2]Iacknowledgedhimasanexpert.我視他為專家。[學(xué)問拓展](1)acknowledge(doing/havingdone)sth. 承認(rèn)(做了)某事acknowledgesb./sth.tobe/as 承認(rèn)某人/某物是……acknowledgethat... 承認(rèn)……It'sgenerally/universally/widelyacknowledgedthat... 大家公認(rèn)……(2)acknowledgementn. 承認(rèn)；感謝；謝禮[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Sheisacknowledgedtobe(be)oneofthebestsingersintheworld.②Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledgestealing/havingstolen(steal)thelady'spurse.③Iwassentafreecopyinacknowledgement(acknowledge)ofmycontribution.④Peoplewidelyacknowledgethatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.→Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點6)(教材P2)Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.她的結(jié)論是，煮沸青蒿明顯破壞了它的醫(yī)療特性。(1)concludevt.推斷出；得出結(jié)論；使結(jié)束vi.結(jié)束；終止[例1]Weconcludednottowaitanymore.我們確定不再等了。[例2]Thedoctorsconcludedthathehadsufferedastroke.醫(yī)生診斷他中風(fēng)了。[學(xué)問拓展](1)conclude...from... 從……中推斷出……conclude(fromsth.)that... (從某事中)推斷出……； (從某事中)斷定……concludesth.with.../bydoing... 以……結(jié)束……(2)conclusionn. 結(jié)論；推論；結(jié)束draw/reach/cometo/arriveata/theconclusion 得出結(jié)論inconclusion 最終；總之；總而言之[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion(conclude).②Inconclusion,IwouldliketosaythefilmBorninChinaisworthseeing.③Sheconcludedherperformancewithapoem.④Whatcanweconcludefromtheconversation?⑤你從全部這一切當(dāng)中得出了什么結(jié)論？Whatdoyouconcludefromallthis?[聯(lián)想助記]完成下列表示“最終；總而言之”的其他表達(dá)：①inaword②inbrief③allinall④inshort⑤onthewhole[小片段填空]Theseventhchapterisaconclusion．Theauthorstatedthefulltext'skeypointsandconcludedthisarticle'sstudyconclusion．第七章是結(jié)論，作者綜述了全文要點，并得出了本文的探討結(jié)論。(2)apparentlyadv.自不待言；看來；明顯[例1]Hewasapparentlymuchsurprisedatthenews.他對這個消息明顯感到非常驚異。[例2]Thechildnodded,apparentlycontentwiththepromise.孩子點了點頭，看來他對這個許諾還滿足。[學(xué)問拓展](1)Asisapparentlyshown/statedinthepicture/chart/passageabove...正如上面圖畫/圖表/文中明顯展示/陳述的那樣……(2)apparentadj. 自不待言的；明顯的；表面上的Itisapparentthat... 明顯……[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Asisapparentlyshowninthechartabove,thereareabout10%studentssupportingtheidea.②Hepaused,apparently(apparent)lostinthought.③Soon,itwasapparenttoeveryonethathecouldn'tsing.④明顯他從那里什么也看不見。Apparentlyhecouldseenothingfromthere.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點7)insiston堅決要求(教材P3)TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊成員甚至堅持在他們自己身上測試藥物，以確保它是平安的。[例1]Heinsistedonhisdemand.他堅持他的要求。[例2]Sheinsistedonhermother'slivingwithher.她堅持要她母親和她住在一起。[學(xué)問拓展](1)insiston/upon(doing)sth.堅決要求(做)某事(2)在“insist＋that...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)insist作“堅持主見，堅決要求”講時，其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。當(dāng)insist作“堅持說，堅持認(rèn)為”講時，其后的賓語從句用陳述語氣。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Themanagerinsistedontheworkbeingdone(do)intwohours.②Heinsistedon/uponwalkingmetothestationtoseemeoff.③Heinsistedthattheproblem(should)bediscussed(discuss)atthemeeting.④她堅持立即就走。Sheinsistedonleavingatonce.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點句式1)過去分詞作定語(教材P2)In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中國政府組建了一支以探究治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)家隊伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的探討人員。句式分析：過去分詞chosen作名詞researchers的后置定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句thatwerechosen的省略。[例1]Theexperiencegainedwillgiveyoumoreconfidencetohelpyourcustomers.獲得的閱歷會給你更多的信念去幫助你的客戶。[例2]Therearemanybeautifullydecoratedhousesinthisricharea.這個富人區(qū)有很多裝飾精致的房子。[學(xué)問拓展](1)過去分詞作定語時通常與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，或表示動作已完成。(2)過去分詞還可以在句中作時間、緣由、條件、讓步、伴隨、方式等狀語。此時過去分詞通常與句子的主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，或表示動作已完成。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Given(give)alotofmoney,helivedabetterlife.②Used(use)withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.③Theteachercamein,followed(follow)byagroupofstudents.④Themeetingwhichwasheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.→Themeetingheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式2)upon/ondoing...當(dāng)……時；一……就……(教材P3)UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize...當(dāng)聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎時……句式分析：upon/ondoing...當(dāng)……時；一……就……，相當(dāng)于assoonas引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。[例1]Uponseeingher,Ismiledandrantowardher.一看到她，我就笑著向她跑去了。[例2]OnhisreturnfromJapan,Prof.Liwentdirectlytohislaboratoryandstartedworkingwithhiscolleagues.李教授剛一從日本回來就到他的試驗室，起先和他的同事們一道工作起來。[學(xué)問拓展](1)一些表示短暫性動作的動詞，如：arrive,return,reach,hear,see,receive,enter,step,get,recognize,leave等，它們相應(yīng)的名詞形式或動名詞形式用在upon或on之后可表達(dá)“一……就……”。(2)某些at引導(dǎo)的介詞短語可用來表達(dá)“一……就……”，如：atthesightof(一看到)；atthethoughtof(一想到)；atthesoundof(一聽到)；atthefirstopportunity/chance(一有機(jī)會)等。(3)在名詞minute,moment和instant前加上定冠詞the也可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句來表達(dá)“一……就……”。它們后面可以加that，含義不變。(4)可用副詞immediately和directly來表達(dá)“一……就……”。這時，它們所起的作用相當(dāng)于連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。這種用法主要用在英式英語及口語中。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Immediately(immediate)hearrived,hestartedtellinguswhattodo.②Atthesightofthepoliceofficerthethiefranoff.③I'lltellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.④Assoonashewentoutoftheroom,Jackheardhiscellphoneringing.→On/Upongoingoutoftheroom,Jackheardhiscellphoneringing.1．Thisyear'sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.[分析]主句后whose引導(dǎo)的是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞為TuYouyou，其中名詞短語acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria是artemisinin的同位語。[譯文]今年的諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎?wù)?，她的探討發(fā)覺了青蒿素，這是一種治療瘧疾的關(guān)鍵新藥。2．Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.[分析]句中but連接表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句，第一個分句中and連接表示順承關(guān)系的兩個并列的動詞-ing形式作動詞tried的賓語；過去分詞短語obtainedfromthis作名詞liquid的后置定語。[譯文]然后他們試著把簇新的苦艾煮開，用從中提取的液體來治療瘧疾，但這也不管用。教材高考1.Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood，andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria，butthisdidnotworkeither.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)CarlePieters，ascientistatBrownUniversity，says，“becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”2.Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.(2024·7月浙江卷)Icouldn'tseeDon，butasIapproachedthetractorhejumpedoutontotheroad，apparentlyunhurt，anddashedbacktome.3.Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100，000livesayearinAfricaalone.(2024·天津卷)Understandinghistoryisvitaltounderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.4.Herteamexaminedover2，000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280，000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues，yourstrengths,yourweaknesses，yourachievements,yourdesires，etc.5.However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Heryearsofhardworkhavefinallybeenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.6.Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.(2024·北京卷)Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent...Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Foodandenergyarevitaltothelivelihood,developmentandstabilityofallnations.2．Sheisacknowledged(acknowledge)asanexpertonthesubjectnow.3．Sixsoldiersarereportedtohavediedfromtheirwounds.4．Threeprofessorswereaskedtomakeanevaluation(evaluate)oftheteachingplan.5．Shehascommittedherselftogo(go)atonce.6．Iaskedhimtostayforawhile,butheinsistedonleaving(leave)atonce.7．Uponhisarrival/arriving(arrive)atthespot,hefoundthatthegypsieshadgone.8．Hecontinuedtoplacesafetyaboveallotherobjectives(objective).9．Theteachertriedhisbesttoanalyse(analyse)thecauseofourfailure.10．Thegeneralbegantoworkouthisplanfordefeating(defeat)theenemy.Ⅱ.短語填空diefrom,inthebeginning,bychance,drawout,commitoneselfto,insiston,riskone'slife,leadto1．Imustgo.Ihavecommittedmyselftotheclubtonightandthemembersareexpectingme.2．TheteacherinsistedonallthehomeworkbeinghandedinonMonday.3．Thefiremanriskedhislifetosavethebabyfromtheburni