2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit6Spaceandbeyond教學(xué)知識細解碼教用文檔教案外研版選擇性必修第四冊

PAGEUnit6Spaceandbeyond1．exceptionaladj.異樣的→unexceptionaladj.平常的2．suspendv．暫停，中止→suspensionn．暫令停職3．notionn．概念；觀點；看法→notionaladj.概念上的→notionallyadv.想象地4．a(chǎn)ccustomv．使適應(yīng)，使習(xí)慣→accustomedadj.習(xí)慣的5．tragedyn．不幸；悲劇→tragicadj.凄慘的；悲劇的→tragicallyadv.凄慘地，不幸地6．shadown．壞影響，陰影→shadowyadj.陰暗的，朦朧的1．shadown．影子；陰暗處；少許；壞影響①Thechildrenwerehavingfun，chasingeachother'sshadows.影子②IthoughtIsawafigurestandingintheshadows.陰暗處③Thesepeoplehavebeenlivingforyearsundertheshadowoffear.壞影響④Ashadowofasmiletouchedhismouth.少許2．crewn．(飛機上的)全體機組人員；(賽船的)劃船隊(員)；賽艇運動①I'mthinkingofgoingoutforcrewthisterm.賽艇運動②Noneofthepassengersandcrewwereinjured.全體機組人員③HeisamemberoftheCambridgecrew.劃船隊WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點1)accustomedadj.習(xí)慣的；通常的；慣常的[教材P62]EversinceNeilArmstrongfirstsetfootontheMoonbackon20July1969，peoplehavebecomeaccustomedtothenotionofspacetravel.自從1969年7月20日尼爾·阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球以來，人們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了太空旅行的概念。[例1]Youmustaccustomyourselftobemoreateasewhenyouarebeforestrangers.當你在生疏人面前時，要使自己習(xí)慣于別太拘束。[例2]You'llsoonaccustomyourselftotheclimatehere.你將很快習(xí)慣這里的氣候。[造句]他習(xí)慣于早起，這對他的健康有益。Heisaccustomedtogettingupearly，whichisbeneficialtohishealth.[學(xué)問拓展](1)beaccustomed/usedto(doing)sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表示狀態(tài))get/becomeaccustomed/usedto(doing)sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表示動作)(2)accustomvt. 使習(xí)慣于accustomoneself/sb.tosth. 使自己/某人習(xí)慣于(做)某事[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Thestudentsquicklyaccustomedthemselves(they)tothenewtimetable，whichexcitedtheteachers.②Asweallknow，Englishpeopleareaccustomedtodriving(drive)ontheleft.[小片段填空]Accustomedtogettinguplateinthemorning，Ispendalotoftimeaccustomingmyselftotheschool'srulesandregulations.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點2)averageadj.平均的；一般的n．平均數(shù)；平均水平v.平均為[教材P62]Guidedbyacomputerthatwasmuchlesspowerfulthantheonesusedbytoday'saverageschoolstudents，allthreeastronautsoftheApollo11missionmadeitsafelybacktoEarth.完成阿波羅11號任務(wù)的三名宇航員在一臺比現(xiàn)在一般學(xué)生運用的功能要弱得多的電腦的引導(dǎo)下平安返回地球。[例1]Ittakesanaverageoftenweeksforahousesaletobecompleted.售出一幢房子平均須要10周的時間。[例2]Iwasonlyaverageacademically.我的學(xué)習(xí)成果一般。[造句]他只是個一般的學(xué)生。Heisjustanaveragestudent.[學(xué)問拓展]anaverageof 平均有(后跟數(shù)詞)onaverage 平均地；在一般狀況下above/belowaverage 高于/低于平均數(shù)/水平uptotheaverage 達到平均數(shù)/水平[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①ItissaidthatthetimespentonhomeworkbyChinesestudentsismorethanfourhoursadayonaverage.②Totheirgreatjoy，theirson'sschoolworkiswellaboveaverage.③Theeconomyinthisareahasgrownataremarkablerate，averaging(average)almost10percentperannual.[小片段填空]Therewere90studentsgettingfullmarksintheexam，anaverageof18students(平均有18名學(xué)生)ineachclass.Tom'swasaboveaverage(在平均水平以上)whileJohn'swasbelowaverage(在平均水平以下)．eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點3)involvevt.包括；涉及；使參與[教材P62]WhentheChallengerspaceshuttletookoffon28January1986，theworldseemedtohavelostitswonderattheamazingachievementsoftheastronautsinvolved.1986年1月28日，“挑戰(zhàn)者號”航天飛機起飛時，[例1]Anyinvestmentinvolvesanelementofrisk.任何投資都有確定的風險。[例2]Thetestwillinvolveansweringquestionsaboutaphotograph.考試將包括回答一些關(guān)于一張照片的問題。[造句]讓你的學(xué)生參與課堂活動是至關(guān)重要的。Gettingyourstudentsinvolvedinclassroomactivitiesisvitallyimportant.[學(xué)問拓展](1)involvesb.in(doing)sth. 使某人參與(做)某事；使某人牽扯到 某事中involvedoingsth. 包括做某事；須要做某事(2)involvedadj. 困難的；有牽連的；有關(guān)的get/beinvolvedin 被卷入……之中；熱衷于；用心于be/getinvolvedwithsb./sth. 與某人混在一起/和某事有親密聯(lián)系(3)involvementn. 參與；加入；插手involvedadj.作前置定語時，意為“困難的”；作后置定語時，意為“涉及的”。例如：aninvolvedsentence“一個困難的句子”；thepeopleinvolved“所涉及的人”。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.②Inarecentbook，headvocatedmuchmoregovernmentinvolvement(involve)inhealthcare.③Whenshewasyoung，shedidasmanythingsasshecould，likegettinginvolved(involve)insportsteamsandschoolclubs.[小片段填空]Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvesspending(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.Sadly，aseriousaccidentinvolving(involve)agroupofyouthshappenedonhim.Involved(involve)inthecaraccident，hehadnoalternativebuttostayandwaitforthepoliceman.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點4)assumevt.假設(shè)，假定；認為；擔當[教材P63]Theworldwentintoshock，mostpeoplehavingassumedthatthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthantravellinginanaeroplane.全世界陷入震驚，大多數(shù)人原來認為這次太空飛行會和乘一般飛機旅行一樣平安。[例1]Letusassumeforamomentthattheplansucceeds.咱們短暫假設(shè)安排勝利。[例2]Itisgenerallyassumedthatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.普遍認為，壓力是工作過重所致。[造句]在他被證明有罪之前，我們必需假定他是無辜的。Wemustassumehimtobeinnocentuntilheisprovedguilty.[學(xué)問拓展](1)assumesb./sth.tobe 假定/假設(shè)某人/某事為assumethat... 假設(shè)……；認為……Itis/wasgenerallyassumedthat... 普遍認為……(2)assumptionn. 假定，假設(shè)，設(shè)想ontheassumptionthat... 假定……，假設(shè)……assuming(that)... 假定……(作狀語)[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Ihopetogotocollegenextyear，alwaysassuming(assume)thatIpassmyexams.②Weareworkingontheassumption(assume)thateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.③Peopleassumethatwhattheydohaslittleeffectontheenvironment.→Itisassumedthatwhattheydohaslittleeffectontheenvironment.(用it作形式主語改寫)④Iftherewasnotthehardworkofthedustman，whatcanyouimagineourenvironmentwillbelike?→Assumingthattherewasnotthehardworkofthedustman，whatcanyouimagineourenvironmentwillbelike？(用assuming作連詞改寫)[小片段填空]Itisassumedthathardworkleadstogreatsuccess，soweassumehimtobesuccessful.Butassumingthatheisnotthatlucky，whatshallwedotocomforthim?eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點5)shadown．壞影響，陰影[教材P63]Itwasthemostdisastrousspaceaccidentever，anditcastashadowonpeople'shearts.這是有史以來最嚴峻的太空事故，給人們的心靈蒙上了陰影。[例1]Sheseemedtohavealwaysbeenundertheshadowofherfather.她好像總是生活在父親的陰影下。[例2]Thescandalcastashadowonhiscareer.這件丑聞給他的事業(yè)投上了一層陰影。[造句]那棵樹投下影子。Thetreecastitsshadow.[學(xué)問拓展]befrightened/nervous/scaredofone’sownshadow 特別膽小(或特別驚慌)intheshadowof 在……旁邊undertheshadowof 在……的陰影中without/beyondashadowofadoubt 毫無疑問[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①Thenewmarketisintheshadowof(在旁邊)theCityHall.②Katehasbeenlivingforyearsundertheshadowoffear(在恐驚的陰影中)．③Wheneverheseeshisboss，heisnervousofhisownshadow(特別驚慌)．eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點6)screamv．(因難受、驚恐、興奮等)尖聲大叫[教材P63]TheChallengerhadexplodedinmid-airandweallstartedscreaming.“挑戰(zhàn)者號”在半空中爆炸，我們都起先尖叫。[例1]Hecoveredhermouthtostopherfromscreaming.他捂上她的嘴，不讓她叫出聲來。[例2]Thekidswerescreamingwithexcitement.孩子們興奮地喊叫著。[造句]那個女人躺在那里，疼得直尖叫。Thewomanlaythere，screamingwithpain.[學(xué)問拓展]screamwithlaughter 尖聲大笑screamoutfor.../todo 亟須；亟待letoutascream 發(fā)出尖叫聲[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Someonewasscreamingoutforhelp.②Thesebooksscreamouttobeincluded(include)inalistoffavourites.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點7)suspendv．暫停，中止；懸掛[教材P63]FollowingtheshockoftheChallengerdisaster，spaceshuttleflightsweresuspendedfornearlythreeyearswhilethecauseofthedisasterwasinvestigated，andsomeoftheshuttle'scomponentswereredesigned.“挑戰(zhàn)者號”災(zāi)難發(fā)生后，在調(diào)查災(zāi)難緣由的同時，航天飛機的飛行暫停了近3年，航天飛機的一些部件也進行了重新設(shè)計。[例1]Productionhasbeensuspendedwhilesafetychecksarecarriedout.在進行平安檢查期間生產(chǎn)暫停。[例2]Cancelorsuspendisnotallowed.不允許“取消”或“終止”。[造句]這周工會暫停了罷工。Theunionsuspendedstrikeactionthisweek.[學(xué)問拓展](1)suspendsb.fromsth. (尤指因為違反紀律)暫令某人停學(xué)或 者停職(2)suspendsth.fromsth./bysth. 懸掛besuspendedinsth. 懸浮在……中[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Herbodywasfoundsuspendedbyarope.②Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.③Juliewassuspendedfromherjobshortlyaftertheincident.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點8)doubtn．懷疑v．懷疑；懷疑[教材P63]Buttherewasneveranydoubtthatmannedflightswouldcontinue，andon29September1988，thespaceshuttleprogrammeresumedwiththesuccessfullaunchofDiscovery.但載人飛行仍將接著，這一點毋庸置疑，1988年9月29日，隨著“發(fā)覺號”的勝利放射，[例1]Thereissomedoubtaboutthebestwaytodoit.這件事怎么做才是最佳方法有點吃不準。[例2]Thereisnodoubtatallthatwedidtherightthing.毫無疑問我們做得對。[造句]毫無疑問他會同意這個安排。Thereisnodoubtthathewillagreetotheplan.[學(xué)問拓展](1)havedoubtabout/whether... 懷疑……h(huán)avenodoubtabout/that... 不懷疑……Thereisnodoubtthat... 毫無疑問……(2)withoutdoubt＝beyonddoubt 毫無疑問；確定地nodoubt 確定地；想必(3)doubtfuladj. 懷疑的在否定句和疑問句中，doubt后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句或同位語從句；在確定句中，后接whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句或whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Ihopetheywillfinishtheprojectintime，buttheythemselvesareverydoubtful(doubt)thatitwill.②Istilldoubtwhetherthepriceofcomputersinthestorewillgodown，butIwilljustwaitandsee.③Ineverdoubtthatspecialclassescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesoon.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點9)remindsb.that...使某人想起……[教材P63]ThesacrificeoftheChallengercallstous，remindingusthatwemustcontinuetoreachforthestars，nomatterhowdistanttheymightseem.“挑戰(zhàn)者號”做出的犧牲呼喊著我們，提示我們必需接著努力進行星空探究，不管它們看起來有多么遙遠。[例1]I'msorry，I'veforgottenyourname.Canyouremindme?對不起，我忘了你的名字。提示我一下好嗎？[例2]RemindmetophoneAlanbeforeIgoout.提示我在出去之前給艾倫打電話。[造句]請?zhí)崾舅坏郊揖徒o我打電話。Pleaseremindhimtocallmeassoonashegetshome.[學(xué)問拓展]remindsb.todosth. 提示某人做某事remind(sb.)that/how/what ……提示(某人)……其他“v.＋sb.ofsth.”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語還有：①informsb.ofsth. 通知某人某事②robsb.ofsth. 搶劫某人某物③accusesb.ofsth. 控告某人某事④warnsb.ofsth. 警告某人某事⑤curesb.ofsth. 治愈某人某病⑥convincesb.ofsth. 使某人信任某事[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Passengersarereminded(remind)thatnosmokingisallowedonthistrain.②Remindednottodrive(drive)afterdrinking，somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck，whichisreallydangerous.③Theresultwillhelptopredictsomemajorandseverediseasesandyourpreferencefordietandremindyouofsuitablewaystoexercise(提示你合適的熬煉方式)．SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點句式1)形容詞短語作狀語[教材P62]Millionswatchedthatfirstlunarlandingonblackandwhitetelevisionsets，theirheartsintheirmouths，awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas，andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong.數(shù)以百萬計的人在黑白電視機上觀看了第一次登月，他們的心提到了嗓子眼兒，意識到這是一項多么艱難和危急的任務(wù)，也意識到很多可能會出錯的事情。句式分析：句子中awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas，andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong是形容詞短語作狀語，來說明主語的狀態(tài)。[例1]Seriouslyinjured，someofthepassengersweresenttothenearesthospitalatonce.傷勢嚴峻，一些乘客被馬上送往了最近的醫(yī)院。[例2]Brave，goodandstrong，Xiulianisthecharacterwecareaboutmost.我們最關(guān)切秀蓮這個角色，她英勇、和善而且堅毅。[造句]經(jīng)過長途旅行，他們?nèi)齻€回到了家，又冷又餓。Afterthelongjourney，thethreeofthemreturnedhome，hungryandtired.[學(xué)問拓展](1)形容詞(短語)作狀語時，說明句子主語的特點或處于某種狀態(tài)。形容詞(短語)作狀語可以表示方式、緣由或伴隨狀況等。(2)形容詞(短語)作狀語時，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗號與句子其他成分隔開。假如用來修飾句子的謂語動詞或整個句子，則應(yīng)用副詞作狀語。[翻譯1]既驚異又興奮，托尼站起來接受了獎品。Surprisedandhappy，Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.[翻譯2]男孩滿心恐驚地跑回家。Theboyranhome，fulloffear.[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Luckily(luck)，hismotherwasverypatient，anddon'tgiveuptryingtohelphim.②Shelookedatme，happyandsatisfied(satisfy)．eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式2)no＋比較級＋than[教材P63]Theworldwentintoshock，mostpeoplehavingassumedthatthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthantravellinginanaeroplane.全世界陷入震驚，大多數(shù)人原來認為這次太空飛行會和乘一般飛機旅行一樣平安。句式分析：“A＋nomore...thanB”句式表示兩者都不……[例1]JohnisnobetterthanTom.約翰和湯姆都不好。[例2]JackisnomorediligentthanTom.杰克和湯姆都不勤奮。[造句]我和你個子都不高。Iamnotallerthanyou.[學(xué)問拓展](1)“no＋比較級＋than”結(jié)構(gòu)表示該形容詞或副詞的相反含義，意思是“與……一樣不……”，如：nobetterthan意義上相當于asbadas，nowiserthan意義上相當于asstupidas，noricherthan相當于aspooras，nobiggerthan相當于assmallas。(2)not＋比較級＋than含義是“不比……怎么樣”比如notbetterthan...不比……好。(3)比較級的其他特別表示方法：①表示兩者之中“較……”，用the＋比較級＋ofthetwo。Thisoneisthebiggerofthetwohouses.這所房子是兩座房子中較大的。②定冠詞或指示形容詞＋比較級＋名詞表示比較。ThetallerboyisJohn.那個身高較高的男孩子是約翰。③有少數(shù)以ior結(jié)尾的形容詞，如inferior(次于)，junior(地位低下的)，posterior(之后)，prior(之前)，senior(地位高)，superior(優(yōu)于)等本身就有比較的意思，常與介系詞to連用。Thismethodissuperiortothatone.這種方法優(yōu)于那種方法。(4)形容詞比較級可以被副詞如alittle(一點)，much(得多)，even(更加)，still(更加)，far(……得多)等修飾，但不行用very修飾。Lifeisverymucheasierthanitwastwentyyearsago.現(xiàn)在的生活比20年前簡潔得多了。[翻譯1]這本書不如那本書好玩。Thisbookisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.[翻譯2]這本書和那本書一樣不令人感愛好。Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Heisseniortome.②Tom'shandwritingisfar/much/evenbetter(好得多)thanyours.Millionswatchedthatfirstlunarlandingonblackandwhitetelevisionsets，theirheartsintheirmouths，awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas，andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong.分析：本句的主干部分是Millionswatchedthatfirstlunarlandingonblackandwhitetelevisionsets，本句中獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是theirheartsintheirmouths，awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas，andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong這部分也是作狀語。and是表示并列關(guān)系，而且后面省略了形容詞aware。譯文：數(shù)以百萬計的人在黑白電視機上觀看了第一次登月，他們的心提到了嗓子眼，意識到這是一項多么艱難和危急的任務(wù)，也意識到很多可能會出錯的事情。教材高考1.Guidedbyacomputerthatwasmuchlesspowerfulthantheonesusedbytoday'saverageschoolstudents...(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Freddywasanaveragestudent，butnotanaverageperson.2.TheChallengerhadexplodedinmid-airandweallstartedscreaming.(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly，I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla，whobeginsscreamingatthetopofherlungs.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．—Shallwegoforadrinkatoneo'clockthisafternoon?—Sorry，Icannotmakeit．Willtwoo'clockbeOK?2．Inspiteofwhathasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebusesforthepeople，ashortageofpublicvehiclesremainsaproblem.3．—Whataboutthetwocars?—Thisoneisnomoreexpensive(expensive)thanthatone，buttheblueoneuseslessoil.4．Assuming(assume)thattheproposalisaccepted，whenarewegoingtogetthemoney?5．Accustomed(accustom)tolivinginthecountryside，MrKingfoundithardtoliveinthecity.6．Hardas/thoughmybrotherstudied，hewasn'tqualifiedenoughforagooduniversity.7．Sheisapersonaccustomedtohaving(have)eighthours'sleepanight.8．Maryseemsnot