浙江省七彩陽光新高考研究聯(lián)盟2024-2025學年高二上學期11月期中英語試題 含解析

2024學年第一學期浙江“七彩陽光”新高考研究聯(lián)盟期中聯(lián)考高二年級英語學科試題考生須知：1.本卷共10頁滿分150分,考試時間120分鐘;2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場號、座位號及準考證號并填涂相應數(shù)字。3.所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷上無效；4.考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題紙。第Ⅰ卷第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Wherecanthemanfindtheknife?A.Onthetable.B.Nexttothefridge.C.Inthedishwasher.2.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thewomancanonlygetonewatchtoday.B.Thestorelimitstwowatchespercustomer.C.Thewatchesareonlyonsaleonline.3.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atatravelagency.B.Atanairport.C.Atahotel.4.Whatsuperpowerdoesthewomanwantthemost?A.Superstrengthability.B.Mind-readingability.C.Flyingability.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theweather.B.Anoldclassmate.C.Theirhighschoollife.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatproblemdoesthewomanhave?A.Shecan’taffordaticket.B.Shecan’tfindthemuseum.C.Shethoughttheexhibitionwasfree.7.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Changeaticket.B.Godownthestairs.C.Prepareforaflight.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatdoesthemando?A.HeisaTVhost.B.Heisawriter.C.Heisanartist.9.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelattheend?A.Confused.B.Uninterested.C.Inspired.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Tourguideandtourist.C.Fatheranddaughter.11.WhichpartoftheUnitedKingdomisthewomanfrom?A.Wales.B.England.C.Scotland.12.WhatdidthemangotoLondonmainlyfor?A.Attendingteacherconferences.B.Visitingfamilymembers.C.Enjoyinglocalfestivals.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhatdidJerrydointhelastgame?A.Heearnedthehighestscore.B.Hescoredthewinningpoints.C.Heactedastheteamcaptain.14.Inwhichcitywillthechampionshipgamebeheld?A.Washington,D.C.B.LosAngeles.C.London.15.WhatdoesJerry’smotherwanthimtodo?A.Becomeabasketballcoach.B.Winthechampionship.C.Gotocollege.16.WhatwillprobablyhappennextFriday?A.Bettywillwatchtheman’sgame.B.Bettywillbeonabusinesstrip.C.Bettywillarrivehome.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WheredidJamesCookspendmostofhischildhood?AAtsea.B.Onafarm.C.Ataresearchcenter.18.WhydidthescientiststraveltoTahiti?A.Tomakemaps.B.Totradewithlocalpeople.C.Tostudythechangesofstars.19.WhichcountrywasfoundbyJamesCook?A.Canada.B.Australia.C.NewZealand.20.WhendidJamesCookdie?A.In1768.B.In1770.C.In1779.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳答案。AEdinburghcallsitselfthe“world’sleadingfestivalcity”withgoodreason—IthasfourmajorfestivalsinAugustalone:EdinburghInternationalFestival(2Aug.2024—26Aug.2024)TheEdinburghInternationalFestivalisanunparalleledcelebrationoftheperformingartsandanannualmeetingpointforpeoplesofallnations.Committedtovirtuosity(精湛技巧)andoriginality,theInternationalFestivalpresentssomeofthefinestperformersandbandsfromtheworldsofdance,opera,musicandtheatreforthreeweeksinAugust.EdinburghFestivalFringe(4Aug.2024—25Aug.2024)TheEdinburghFestivalFringeisoneofthegreatestcelebrationsofartsandcultureontheplanetandtakesplaceeveryAugustinEdinburgh.TheFringeSocietywasfoundedbyartiststonurtureandupholdtheFringe’svaluesofinclusivity,experimentationandimagination.AnyonecantakepartintheFringe.We’vecreatedawiderangeofresources,how-toguidesandadigitalplatform,FringeConnect,tosupportyouasFringeparticipantsandmakethemostofeverythingtheFringehastooffer.EdinburghBookFestival(10Aug.2024—25Aug.2024)EdinburghInternationalBookFestival:theworld-leadingfestivalofwords,literature,andideas.EveryAugustwepresentthelargestpubliccelebrationofthewrittenwordintheworld,bringingtogetherover500eventswiththemostexcitingwritersandthinkersontheplanettoigniteimaginations,improvehumanconnection,andchallengethecurrentsituation.Wehopeyoucanjoinus,whetherinpersonoronline.EdinburghArtFestival(9Aug.2024—25Aug.2024)EdinburghArtFestival(EAF)issettobringcultureandcommunitytothecapitalcity’suniquespaces,astheUK’slargestfestivalofvisualartsreturnsforitsnineteenthedition.UnderthenewdirectionofKimMcAleese,inherfirstdirectedprogramme,exploreexhibitions,eventsandperformancesacrossScotland’scapitalbetweenthenewdatesof9-25August2024.Thenewdatesallowforanexcitingandfullthreeweeks,alongwithotherfestivalsinthecity.1.WhatfestivalsareavailableforatouristinEdinburghfrom1Aug.to7Aug.?A.EdinburghInternationalBookFestivalandEdinburghArtFestival.B.EdinburghInternationalFestivalandEdinburghFestivalFringe.C.EdinburghInternationalFestivalandEdinburghArtFestival.D.EdinburghFestivalFringeandEdinburghBookFestival.2.WhatcanatouristattendingTheEdinburghInternationalFestivaldo?A.Watchopera. B.Gethow-toguides.C.Meetwriters. D.Exploreexhibitions.3.Whichfestivaldoesapersoncrazyaboutliteraturetendtochoose?A.EdinburghInternationalFestival. B.EdinburghFestivalFringe.C.EdinburghBookFestival. D.EdinburghArtFestival.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了愛丁堡8月四個主要節(jié)日。1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“EdinburghInternationalFestival(2Aug.2024—26Aug.2024)(愛丁堡國際藝術(shù)節(jié)（2024年8月2日-2024年8月26日）)”可知，愛丁堡國際藝術(shù)節(jié)是在8月2日開始到8月26日結(jié)束，結(jié)合“EdinburghFestivalFringe(4Aug.2024—25Aug.2024)(愛丁堡藝穗節(jié)（2024年8月4日-2024年8月25日）)”可知，愛丁堡藝穗節(jié)是在8月4日開始到8月25日結(jié)束。由此可知，8月1日至8月7日，游客可以參加愛丁堡國際藝術(shù)節(jié)和愛丁堡藝穗節(jié)。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EdinburghInternationalFestival(2Aug.2024—26Aug.2024)部分中的“Committedtovirtuosity(精湛技巧)andoriginality,theInternationalFestivalpresentssomeofthefinestperformersandbandsfromtheworldsofdance,opera,musicandtheatreforthreeweeksinAugust.(國際藝術(shù)節(jié)致力于精湛的技藝和獨創(chuàng)性，在8月的三個星期里，來自世界各地的舞蹈、歌劇、音樂和戲劇領(lǐng)域的一些最優(yōu)秀的表演者和樂隊將參加)”可知，愛丁堡國際藝術(shù)節(jié)是一個表演盛會，其中包括來自世界各地的舞蹈、歌劇、音樂和戲劇的表演。由此可知，參加愛丁堡國際藝術(shù)節(jié)的游客可以看歌劇。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EdinburghBookFestival(10Aug.2024—25Aug.2024)部分中的“EdinburghInternationalBookFestival:theworld-leadingfestivalofwords,literature,andideas.(愛丁堡國際圖書節(jié)：世界領(lǐng)先的文字、文學和思想的節(jié)日)”可知，愛丁堡國際圖書節(jié)事世界領(lǐng)先的文字、文學和思想的節(jié)日。由此可知，對文學狂熱的人來說愛丁堡國際圖書節(jié)是最佳選擇。故選C項。BSpanishscientistPilarBoschhasfoundawaytousebacteria(細菌)torepair18th-centurypaintings.Boschamicrobiologist,tellsReutersshegottheideaforthemethodwhileconsideringpossibilitiesforapapertowardherdoctoraldegree.Duringthisprocess,shediscoveredsomeoneelse’spaperthatsuggestedbacteriacanbeusedtorestoreartworks.Ataroundthesametime,Boschlearnedthathermotherwasstrugglingtofindagoodmethodforrestoring18th-centurypaintings.Thepaintings,bySpanishartistAntonioPalomino,satinSantosJuanes—oneoftheoldestchurchesinthecityofValencia.Boschsaidhermother,PilarRoig,notedhowdifficulttherestorationprocessatthechurchwas.Onereasonwastheglueusedtoremovethepaintingsfromthewallsinthe1960s.Thesubstancewasnearlyimpossibletoremovecompletely.“MymotherhadaverydifficultproblemtosolveandIfoundapaperaboutbacteriausedtocleanfrescoesinItaly,”Boschsaid.Afrescoisakindofpaintingthatoftenappearsacrossalargewall.Boschaddedshedecidedtowriteherdoctoralpaperonthesamesubject.Thatwasmorethantenyearsago.Today,shegetstoworkwithhermotheronthechurchrestoration(修復).Theyareusingthebacteriamethodtoremovegluefromartworks.The$4.46millionprojectisbeingfinancedbylocalorganizations.Theprocessinvolvesfeedingsmallamountsoftheglue—madefromanimalcollagen(膠原)—tothebacteria.Afteratime,thebacteriabeginstonaturallyproduceenzymestobreakdowntheglue.Themother-daughterteamthenmixesthebacteriawithanaturalalgae(藻類)-basedsubstance,calledagel,andplacesitontothepaintings.Theysaythatafteraboutthreehours,thegelmixtureisremoved,leavingthepaintingsglue-free.4.HowdidBoschcomeupwiththeidea?A.Fromanewsreport. B.Fromadoctor’sinterview.C.Fromsomeoneelse’spaper. D.Fromanartprojectposter.5.Whatdoes“Thesubstance”underlinedinparagraph4referto?A.Aglue. B.Awall. C.Apainting. D.Abacterium.6.Whoisprovidingfundsforthechurchrestorationproject?A.TheSpanishgovernment. B.Thelocalorganizations.C.Themother-daughterteam. D.Theglobalartistcommunity.7.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.18th-centuryArtworksDiscoveredonChurchWalls.B.BacteriaShowAmazingPromiseinArtworkCreation.C.ChurchesAppealforMoreSupportinArtRestoration.D.ScientistUsesBacteriatoRepair18th-centuryArtworks.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了西班牙科學家PilarBosch如何通過細菌來修復18世紀畫作，并介紹這種方法相比傳統(tǒng)手段的優(yōu)勢及其應用情況?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Bosch,amicrobiologist,tellsReutersshegottheideaforthemethodwhileconsideringpossibilitiesforapapertowardherdoctoraldegree.Duringthisprocess,shediscoveredsomeoneelse’spaperthatsuggestedbacteriacanbeusedtorestoreartworks.(博斯是一名微生物學家，她告訴路透社，她在考慮寫一篇博士論文的可能性時產(chǎn)生了這種方法的想法。在這個過程中，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了別人的論文，該論文認為細菌可以用來修復藝術(shù)品。)”可知，Bosch是從她讀到的一篇研究論文中得到了基于細菌的修復方法的想法。故選C項?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語前的“Onereasonwastheglueusedtoremovethepaintingsfromthewallsinthe1960s.(其中一個原因是20世紀60年代用來從墻上移除畫作的膠水。)”可知，在劃線單詞前的句子中提到了20世紀60年代用來從墻上移除畫作的膠水，結(jié)合下文的“Thesubstancewasnearlyimpossibletoremovecompletely.(這種物質(zhì)幾乎不可能完全去除。)”可知，這種物質(zhì)幾乎不能完全去除，由此可知，該物質(zhì)應指的是“膠水”，所以劃線單詞指的是“膠水”。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“The$4.46millionprojectisbeingfinancedbylocalorganizations.(這個價值446萬美元的項目由當?shù)亟M織提供資金。)”可知，這個項目是由當?shù)亟M織出資。故選B項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“SpanishscientistPilarBoschhasfoundawaytousebacteriatorepair18th-centurypaintings.(西班牙科學家PilarBosch發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種利用細菌修復18世紀畫作的方法)”以及下文中介紹的該修復方法是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)的可知，文章主要說明了Bosch發(fā)現(xiàn)并使用細菌修復18世紀畫作的方法，所以標題“科學家用細菌修復18世紀的藝術(shù)品”與本文講述的內(nèi)容吻合，且概括了本文的主題。故選D項。CWeallknowhowweuseoursenseseveryday:Wemighthearadogbarkingortasteacrunchyapple.Butwhatifhearingthatdogbarkingalsomadeyouseethecolorblue?Ortastingthatapplemadeyouhearasoftmusicalsound?Thiscouldhappentosomeonewithsynesthesia.Synesthesiaisabrainconditionwherethesensesmixtogether.Forapersonwithsynesthesia(calleda“synesthete”),seeing,hearing,ortouchingsomethingcantrigger(觸發(fā))anothersense.Therearemanydifferenttypesofsynesthesia.Forexample,chromesthesiaiswhensoundsarelinkedtocolors,andgrapheme—colorsynesthesiaiswhenlettersandnumbersarelinkedtocolors.Therearemanyothervariationstoo.So,whydoesthishappen?Whatmakessomepeopletastebananaswhentheylistentoclassicalmusic?Itmightbeintheirgenes.Nearlyhalfofallsynesthetessaythataclosefamilymemberalsohasthesamecondition,suggestingthatitmightbeagenetictrait(特質(zhì)).Onetheoryisthatsynesthesiahappensbecauseofachangeinageneresponsibleforremovingunnecessaryconnectionsinthebrain.Whenwegrow,thebrainnaturallygetsridofsomeoftheseconnections.Butifachangeoccurs,someconnectionsmightstay,leadingtothiscross-wiringofsenses.Recentstudieshavelookedathowsynesthesiamaybenefitthosewiththecondition.Researchhasfoundthatpeoplewithsynesthesiaoftenhaveexceptionalmemories.Theymayalsohavebettersenses:thosewithcolor-relatedsynesthesiacantelldifferentcolorsapartmoreeasily,andthosewithtouch-relatedsynesthesiahaveamoresensitivetouch.Additionally,synesthesiaseemstohappenmoreofteninartistsandpoets,whichsuggestsitmightboostcreativity.Inthefuture,synesthesiamaybehelpfulincuringdiseasesinvolvedwithourbrains’networkingsystemsandaidingthosewithmemoryproblems.Ithasbeenshownthatsynesthesiacanbetriggeredbydrugs,lackofsensoryinput,orhypnosis(催眠).Moreresearchcouldhelpusimproveconnectionsinthebrainandboostmemory.Synesthesiaisleadingtonewdiscoveriesabouthowourbrainswork!8.Whichisprobablyaspecificexampleofsynesthesia?A.Tastingtomatoeswheneatingapizza. B.Seeingredwhenhearingthenumber14.C.Rememberingafriendwhenseeingaphoto. D.ThinkingofShakespearewhenreadingHamlet.9.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2and3?A.Synesthesiaoftenrunsinthefamily. B.Thereareonlytwotypesofsynesthesia.C.Peoplewillgetridofsynesthesiaastheyage. D.Synesthesiaisaproductofactiveimagination.10.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinparagraph3?A.Removal. B.Change. C.Mixing. D.Disconnection.11.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Synesthesiacanhelppeopleconnectwithothers.B.Peoplecandevelopsynesthesiawiththehelpofdrugs.C.Recentstudieshavemadeprogressintreatingsynesthesia.D.Synesthesiawilloffernewinsightintreatingbraindiseases.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是聯(lián)覺的概念以及聯(lián)覺產(chǎn)生的原因及其可能帶來的好處?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Forapersonwithsynesthesia(calleda“synesthete”),seeing,hearing,ortouchingsomethingcantrigger(觸發(fā))anothersense.Therearemanydifferenttypesofsynesthesia.Forexample,chromesthesiaiswhensoundsarelinkedtocolors,andgrapheme—colorsynesthesiaiswhenlettersandnumbersarelinkedtocolors.(對于有聯(lián)覺的人（稱為“聯(lián)覺者”）來說，看到、聽到或觸摸某些東西可以觸發(fā)另一種感覺。有許多不同類型的聯(lián)覺。例如，色覺是指聲音與顏色聯(lián)系在一起，而字母和數(shù)字與顏色聯(lián)系在一起。)”可知，聯(lián)覺是一種感覺混合在一起的大腦狀態(tài)，是某種感覺可以觸發(fā)另一種感覺，由此可知，聽到數(shù)字14時看到紅色，符合聯(lián)覺的定義，即一種感官刺激（聽覺）引起了另一種感官（視覺）的反應。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Nearlyhalfofallsynesthetessaythataclosefamilymemberalsohasthesamecondition,suggestingthatitmightbeagenetictrait(特質(zhì)).(近一半的聯(lián)覺者表示，他們的近親也有同樣的癥狀，這表明這可能是一種遺傳特征。)”可知，聯(lián)覺者表示他們的近親有同樣的癥狀，由此可知，聯(lián)覺可能是一種遺傳特征。故選A項。【10題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前的“Whenwegrow,thebrainnaturallygetsridofsomeoftheseconnections.(當我們長大后，大腦會自然地清除這些連接。)”可知，我們長大后，這些連接就會被清除，結(jié)合“Butifachangeoccurs,someconnectionsmightstay…(但如果發(fā)生了變化，一些連接可能會保留下來……)”可知，要是上文提到的情況發(fā)生了改變，有些連接就被保留了下來，也就是沒有被完全清除掉，因此而導致感覺們混合起來，由此可知，劃線單詞的意思應與“混合”意義相近。故選C項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)尾段“Inthefuture,synesthesiamaybehelpfulincuringdiseasesinvolvedwithourbrains’networkingsystemsandaidingthosewithmemoryproblems.(在未來，聯(lián)覺可能有助于治療與我們大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)有關(guān)的疾病，并幫助那些有記憶問題的人。)”以及“Moreresearchcouldhelpusimproveconnectionsinthebrainandboostmemory.(更多的研究可以幫助我們改善大腦的連接，提高記憶力。)”可知，未來聯(lián)覺可能有助于治療與大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)有關(guān)的疾病，提高記憶力，由此可知，最后一段主要介紹的是聯(lián)覺將為治療腦部疾病提供新的見解。故選D項。DMireilleSilcofflovestoread,buther12-year-olddaughterdoesnotsharethispassion.InaNewYorkTimesessay,Silcoffrecountsherattemptstogetherdaughtertoread,whicheventuallyledhertooffera$100bribe.ShechoseJennyHan’sTheSummerITurnedPretty,abooktiedtoaTVseriesherdaughteralreadyloved.Thedealwasforherdaughtertofinishitwithinamonth,butshecompleteditinjustaweekandevenrequestedthesequel(續(xù)篇),whichshereadfor“noextracharge.”Silcoffrecognizesthatyoungpeopletodaydealwithstoriesdifferentlybutbelievesthatbooksofferauniqueexperience.“Youknowwhenanauthorsumsupafeelingyoudidn’tevenknowyou’vehad,andahundredlightbulbsgooffonthetopofyourhead?”shereflects,emphasizingthatbooksallowreaderstointeractwiththestoryinwaysthatscreenadaptationscannot.Althoughitremainstobeseenifherdaughterhasbecomeareaderforlife,Silcofffeelsshehasopenedanew“quietpersonalplace”forherdaughterintheworldofliterature,callingitthebestmoneysheeverspent.WhileIappreciateMs.Silcoff’sdesiretohaveherdaughterexperiencethejoysofreading,Iseriouslydoubtthatpayingherdaughtertoread“worked.”Whilethemoneyrewardpersuadedherdaughtertoreadthebookintheshortterm,itwasunlikelytodevelopthemotivation(動力)toread,whichmustfeellikeachoiceandunpressured.Decadesofresearchhaveshownthatpayingpeopletodothingstheyloveweakenstheirmotivationafterwards,andpayingthemtocompletetaskstheydonotenjoykeepsthemotivationtiedtorewardssothattheyarelesslikelytovaluetheactivityandchoosetoparticipateinitontheirown.Thebeliefinrewardsasaneffectivemotivatorisamyth;otherstrategiesaremorelikelytodeveloplong-termmotivation.Rewardsareasimplefixthatislikelytobackfire.12.HowdidSilcoffencourageherdaughtertoread?A.Withmoneyreward. B.WithlongerTVtime.C.Withfreenewbooks. D.Withwordsofpraise.13.WhatdidSilcoffimplyintheunderlinedwordsinparagraph2?A.Readingcantakeupmuchofyourtimeandenergy.B.Bookscanhelpprepareyouforaccidentsinyourlife.C.Readingcanbringsuddenrealizationorunderstanding.D.TVsandfilmscanprovideamoreinspiringexperience.14.RegardingSilcoff’smethod,theauthorexpressesconcernsover__________.A.itsmoralprinciple B.itsincreasingcostC.itssocialinfluence D.itslong-termeffectiveness15.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“decadesofresearch”?A.Tohighlightthatmotivationiscloselytiedtorewards.B.Toemphasizethatkidswillreadmoreunderpressure.C.Tosuggestthatpayingkidstoreadispotentiallyuseful.D.Tostressthatreadingshouldbesomethingkidschoosetodo.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是一位熱愛閱讀的母親MireilleSilcoff用現(xiàn)金獎勵的辦法試圖激發(fā)女兒對閱讀的熱情，她的方法不僅反映了現(xiàn)代家庭中普遍存在的難題，也引發(fā)了關(guān)于如何有效培養(yǎng)孩子閱讀習慣的深入思考?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中的“InaNewYorkTimesessay,Silcoffrecountsherattemptstogetherdaughtertoread,whicheventuallyledhertooffera$100bribe.ShechoseJennyHan’sTheSummerITurnedPretty,abooktiedtoaTVseriesherdaughteralreadyloved.(在《紐約時報》的一篇文章中，西爾科夫講述了她試圖讓女兒讀書的經(jīng)歷，最終她給了女兒100美元的獎勵。)”可知，Silcoff為了鼓勵女兒閱讀，提出了以100美元作為獎勵的提議。故選A項?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線句子前的“Silcoffrecognizesthatyoungpeopletodaydealwithstoriesdifferentlybutbelievesthatbooksofferauniqueexperience.(西爾科夫認識到，如今的年輕人看待故事的方式有所不同，但他相信書籍提供了一種獨特的體驗。)”可知，Silcoff相信書籍給讀者提供了一種獨特的體驗，結(jié)合““Youknowwhenanauthorsumsupafeelingyoudidn’tevenknowyou’vehad,andahundredlightbulbsgooffonthetopofyourhead?”(你知道，當一個作家總結(jié)出一種你甚至不知道自己曾經(jīng)有過的感覺時，你的腦海里突然亮起了一百個燈泡嗎？)”可知，在作者總結(jié)出一種甚至不知道自己曾經(jīng)有過的感覺時，會感覺腦海里亮起來一百個燈泡，也就是通過閱讀，讀者突然理解了以前自己不知道的事情，這是書籍給讀者提供的一種獨特的體驗，由此可知，劃線句子表明她認為閱讀能夠帶來突如其來的領(lǐng)悟或理解。故選C項。【14題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whilethemoneyrewardpersuadedherdaughtertoreadthebookintheshortterm,itwasunlikelytodevelopthemotivation(動力)toread,whichmustfeellikeachoiceandunpressured.(雖然金錢獎勵讓她的女兒在短期內(nèi)讀完了這本書，但不太可能培養(yǎng)讀書的動機，因為讀書必須是一種選擇，而且沒有壓力。)”可知，作者認為通過獎勵能在短時間內(nèi)讀完這本書，但是不能培養(yǎng)讀書的動機，結(jié)合第四段中的“Decadesofresearchhaveshownthatpayingpeopletodothingstheyloveweakenstheirmotivationafterwards,andpayingthemtocompletetaskstheydonotenjoykeepsthemotivationtiedtorewardssothattheyarelesslikelytovaluetheactivityandchoosetoparticipateinitontheirown.(幾十年的研究表明，付錢讓人們做他們喜歡的事情會削弱他們之后的動力，付錢讓他們完成他們不喜歡的任務(wù)會讓動機與獎勵聯(lián)系在一起，這樣他們就不太可能重視這項活動，選擇自己參與其中。)”可知，盡管金錢獎勵可能在短期內(nèi)促使孩子閱讀，但它可能不會培養(yǎng)出持久的閱讀興趣，作者引用了多年的研究成果來支持這一觀點，表明他擔心這種方法的長期效果。故選D項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Decadesofresearchhaveshownthatpayingpeopletodothingstheyloveweakenstheirmotivationafterwards,andpayingthemtocompletetaskstheydonotenjoykeepsthemotivationtiedtorewardssothattheyarelesslikelytovaluetheactivityandchoosetoparticipateinitontheirown.(幾十年的研究表明，付錢讓人們做他們喜歡的事情會削弱他們之后的動力，付錢讓他們完成他們不喜歡的任務(wù)會讓動機與獎勵聯(lián)系在一起，這樣他們就不太可能重視這項活動，選擇自己參與其中。)”可知，作者提到數(shù)十年的研究是為了強調(diào)，給予獎勵可能會削弱個人對活動本身的內(nèi)在興趣，這意味著閱讀應該是一種出于個人選擇的行為，而非迫于外部壓力的結(jié)果，所以提到數(shù)十年的研究是為了強調(diào)閱讀應該是孩子們選擇去做事情。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowYourBrainPlaysTricksonYouYourbrainiscapableofremarkablethings.Butyourmindisfarfromperfect.Sometimes,itforgetskeydetails,leadingyoutomakemistakes.____16____Yourmindlikestotakeshortcuts.Yourbraincangetlazy.Whentryingtosolveaproblemormakingadecision,yourmindoftenfallsbackonsolutionsthathaveworkedinthepast.Usingshortcutscanbeausefulapproachwhenitallowsyoutomakedecisionsquickly.____17____Forexample,planecrashesmakeyouterrifiedofflyingbecauseyourbrainisusingamentalshortcuttofoolyouintobelievingthatflyingismoredangerous.Inreality,travelingbyairismuchsaferthantravelingbycar.Yourthinkingischeatedbyhiddenbiases.Sometimesyoujudgeapersonunfairly.Forexample,ifacafeworkergetsyourorderwrong,youmightdecidethattheyareincompetent.Maybetheywerejustoverwhelmedbyorders.Thisiscalledattributionalbias(歸因偏見).____18____Whenithappens,youseekoutinformationthatconfirmswhatyoualreadybelieve,butignoreanythingthatopposesyourbeliefs.Thesecognitivebiasescanpreventyoufromthinkingclearlyandmakingwisedecisions.Theycanevenaffecthowyouinteractwiththeworld.____19____Yourbrainishardtotakeineverydetail.Itcanbesurprisinglyeasytomissmajorchanges.Thisiscalledchangeblindness.Changeblindnessmightnotseemlikeahugeproblem,butresearchhasshownthatitcanhavemajorconsequences.Forexample,peoplewhocontrolairtrafficcanmakeseriouserrorsasaresultofchangeblindness.Driversarealsovulnerabletochangeblindness,whichcanleadtoaccidents.Yourbrainlikestoplaytheblamegame.____20____Intheprocess,wemisunderstandrealitytoprotectourself-esteem.Forexample:Whenyougotbadlysunburned,ratherthanacknowledgingthatyoudidn’treapplysunscreenasoftenasyoushouldhave,youdecidethatthesunscreenitselfmusthavebeenineffective.Ourbraindosotoprotectourself-esteemandguardusagainstthefearoffailure.A.Yourbraincanbeblindtochange.B.Whydoweengageintheblamegame?C.Anotherbiasthatyourbrainfallspreytoisconfirmationbias.D.However,youcanavoidsomemistakesbylearningmoreaboutit.E.Whensomethingbadhappens,yourbraintriestocomeupwithareasonforit.F.Butthesementalshortcutscanalsotripyouupandcauseyoutomakemistakes.G.Withsomuchhappeningintheworld,itcanbehardforthebraintotakeineverydetail.【答案】16.D17.F18.C19.A20.E【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是大腦如何欺騙我們的幾種情況，通過更多地對這些情況的了解來避免一些錯誤?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文的“Yourbrainiscapableofremarkablethings.Butyourmindisfarfromperfect.Sometimes,itforgetskeydetails,leadingyoutomakemistakes.(你的大腦有非凡的能力。但你的思維還遠遠不夠完美。有時，它會忘記關(guān)鍵的細節(jié)，導致你犯錯誤)”可知，大腦是不完美的，有時會忘記關(guān)鍵細節(jié)導致你犯錯，結(jié)合下文每段的主題句“Yourmindlikestotakeshortcuts(你的大腦喜歡走捷徑)”以及“Yourthinkingischeatedbyhiddenbiases(你的想法被隱藏的偏見欺騙了)”和“Yourbrainlikestoplaytheblamegame(你的大腦喜歡推卸責任)”可知，下文中列舉了幾點大腦存在的一些問題，由此可知推斷，此空應是承上啟下的作用，D選項“However,youcanavoidsomemistakesbylearningmoreaboutit.(然而，你可以通過更多地了解它來避免一些錯誤)”中的however為解題關(guān)鍵信息，承接上文中的“大腦是不完美的”與且為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，并且引出下文講述的大腦存在的不完美的問題，符合語境。故選D項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文的“Usingshortcutscanbeausefulapproachwhenitallowsyoutomakedecisionsquickly.(當你能快速做出決定時，使用捷徑是一種有用的方法)”可知，在快速做決定時，走捷徑是有用的方法，結(jié)合下文中的“Forexample,planecrashesmakeyouterrifiedofflyingbecauseyourbrainisusingamentalshortcuttofoolyouintobelievingthatflyingismoredangerous.(例如，飛機失事讓你害怕坐飛機，因為你的大腦在使用一條心理捷徑來欺騙你，讓你相信坐飛機更危險)”可知，此處列舉了走捷徑可能導致的問題，由此可推斷，此空與空前內(nèi)容為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以需要一個過渡句，從講述走捷徑的好處轉(zhuǎn)述到走捷徑產(chǎn)生的問題上來，F(xiàn)選項“Butthesementalshortcutscanalsotripyouupandcauseyoutomakemistakes.(但這些心理捷徑也會讓你陷入困境，導致你犯錯誤)”講述的內(nèi)容與空前內(nèi)容為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且與空后列舉的例子內(nèi)容一致，且與本段的主題句“Yourmindlikestotakeshortcuts(你的大腦喜歡走捷徑)”內(nèi)容吻合。故選F項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Forexample,ifacafeworkergetsyourorderwrong,youmightdecidethattheyareincompetent.Maybetheywerejustoverwhelmedbyorders.Thisiscalledattributionalbias(歸因偏見).(例如，如果一個服務(wù)員把你點的菜弄錯了，你可能會認為他們不稱職。也許他們只是被命令壓得喘不過氣來。這被稱為歸因偏見)”可知，此處通過舉例說明其中的一種偏見類型，結(jié)合空后的“Whenithappens,youseekoutinformationthatconfirmswhatyoualreadybelieve,butignoreanythingthatopposesyourbeliefs.(當這種情況發(fā)生時，你會尋找證實你已經(jīng)相信的信息，而忽略任何與你的信念相反的信息)”可知，此處講述的內(nèi)容與空前內(nèi)容不一致，由此可推斷，此空講述的應是另外一種偏見的類型，C選項“Anotherbiasthatyourbrainfallspreytoisconfirmationbias.(大腦容易受到的另一種偏見是確認偏見)”講述的是確認偏見，與空后陳述的內(nèi)容一致，且與本段的小標題“Yourthinkingischeatedbyhiddenbiases(你的想法被隱藏的偏見欺騙了)”講述的內(nèi)容吻合。故選C項?！?9題詳解】分析語篇可知，此空作本段小標題，應對本段內(nèi)容進行概括總結(jié)，結(jié)合下文“Yourbrainishardtotakeineverydetail.Itcanbesurprisinglyeasytomissmajorchanges.Thisiscalledchangeblindness.Changeblindnessmightnotseemlikeahugeproblem,butresearchhasshownthatitcanhavemajorconsequences.(你的大腦很難記住每一個細節(jié)。很容易就會錯過重大的變化。這被稱為變化盲視。變化盲視似乎不是一個大問題，但研究表明，它可能會產(chǎn)生嚴重后果)”可知，此處講述的是變化盲視，A選項“Yourbraincanbeblindtochange.(你的大腦可能對變化視而不見)”概括了本段講述的內(nèi)容，適合作本段小標題。故選A項。【20題詳解】根據(jù)本段的小標題“Yourbrainlikestoplaytheblamegame.(你的大腦喜歡推卸責任)”可知，本段講述的是大腦喜歡推卸責任，E選項“Whensomethingbadhappens,yourbraintriestocomeupwithareasonforit.(當不好的事情發(fā)生時，你的大腦會試圖想出一個原因)”講述的內(nèi)容是對本段主旨的進一步闡述，且與空后的“Intheprocess,wemisunderstandrealitytoprotectourself-esteem.(在這個過程中，我們?yōu)榱吮Ｗo自己的自尊而誤解了現(xiàn)實)”講述的內(nèi)容吻合，其中的“Intheprocess”指的是該選項中講述的內(nèi)容，符合語境。故選E項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。LifelineIwasheadeddowntownforameeting,soIgottheNo.2trainat96thStreet.Whenwepulledinto42ndStreet,____21____floodedin.Amongthemwasamiddle-agedwomanwhosteppedwitha(n)____22____ofconfidence.Sheworeanorangeshirt,alonglightyellowskirt,andwhitehighheels.Onherwaytoabusinessmeeting,Ithought.Iwatchedher____23____foraseat,onlytoendupinfrontofme.Whensherealizedwewere____24____eachother,shemovedpastme.Atthat____25____moment,thetrainsuddenlybegantospeed.Itriedtograbthebarabovemyheadbut____26____it.AsIfeltmyselffallingbackward,Inoticedthatthewomanintheorangeshirtwaslosingher____27____aswellandsearchingforsomethingtoholdonto.Herarmsdidsomewindmills,andmyrighthandnaturallyreachedouttoherslikea____28____throwninastormysea.Shegrabbedit____29____.Whilethetrainracedon,weheldeachother’sarmtokeepourbalanceina(n)_____30_____fashion.Ismiledather,andshe_____31_____back.Icouldfeelherpulse(脈搏)inhergrasp.Weremainedlikethat_____32_____thenextstop,justlikeacouple.Whenthespeednolonger_____33_____toknockusoverandthepassengershad_____34_____aroundthedoor,ourhandspartedinsilentagreement.Thedooropened,andshedisappeared,leavingmewiththereminderthateveninthechaos(混亂)oflife,human_____35_____canshinethroughinthemostunexpectedways.21.A.researchers B.riders C.engineers D.drivers22.A.lack B.property C.air D.a