語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題十-虛擬語氣倒裝句

語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題十-----虛擬語氣、倒裝句型虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是通過特殊的謂語動詞形式來表達(dá)的愿望、假設(shè)、懷疑、猜測或建議等語氣，它不表示客觀存在。虛擬語氣在單句中的用法常用來表示祝愿、采用固定的倒裝句式。例如：LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!中華人民共和國萬歲！Mayyoubehappy!快樂！Mayyou祝你haveagoodtime!玩得愉快！祝你succeed!成功！makeprogress!進(jìn)步！二、虛擬語氣在復(fù)合句中的用法：在非真實(shí)性條件句與主句中的用法表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反條件從句主句一般過去時(shí)（be多用于were）would/should/could/might＋動詞原形例如：IfIwereyou,Ishouldaccepttheinvitation.如果我是你，我會接受邀請的。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.如果我有空，我就去那兒。與過去事實(shí)相反條件從句主句過去完成時(shí)would/should/could/might＋havedone例如：Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldnt/wouldnthavemissedthebus.如果你早點(diǎn)來，你就不會錯(cuò)過那輛公共汽車了。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.如果他昨天見到了你，他就會還你的書的。與將來事實(shí)可能相反條件從句主句一般過去時(shí)（be多用were）shoulddo,weretodowould/should/could/might＋動詞原形例如：Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.萬一明天下雨，運(yùn)動會就推遲。（事實(shí)上明天下雨的可能性不大。）Ifyoudropped/shoulddrop/weretodroptheglass,itwouldbreak.萬一杯子掉下來會打碎的。if的省略如果條件句中有were,had,should等助動詞，可將if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,來表達(dá)以if引導(dǎo)的條件句的相同意思。例如：Shoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff./Hadheseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.5)條件句或主句的省略當(dāng)有上下文或上下句中的語言環(huán)境暗示的時(shí)候，表示虛擬語氣的從句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重復(fù)。例如：——Whydidntyouattendthepartyyesterday?——Iwould/shouldhave,butIwastoobusythen.Iwassurprisedthatyoudidntlikethisjob.Youcouldhavedoneitbetter.（后面省略了ifyouhadlikedit.）6)混合時(shí)間條件句與主句條件句與主句的動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間有先后之差，應(yīng)按各自動作時(shí)間搭配好相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。例如：Iftheteacherhadntbeenillyesterday,whocouldgiveusalecturenow?/Ifyouhadreviewedthelesson,youwouldanswerthequestionnow.7)含蓄條件句與主句即用without(＝butfor),or(else)代替if從句。例如：Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldnthavemadesuchgreatprogress.therehadntherehadntbeenwehadntgot＝Ifhishelp,wewouldnwehadntgot2.在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中用法：在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用倒退一個(gè)時(shí)間段的方式來表達(dá)虛擬語氣。例如：Themanspeaksasifhewereaforeigner./Thespeakertoldusalotaboutthatcountryasthoughhehadbeentheremanytimes./Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeengoodfriendsforyears.注：asif/asthough從句中不一定都要用虛擬語氣。如果情況真實(shí)性、可能性很大，就要用正常時(shí)態(tài)來描繪。例如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.天看起來象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）3．在賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句中的用法：在wish后的賓語從句中的用法：A．與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望：賓從謂語為“haddone”形式。例如：IwishIhadpassedyesterdaysexam.要是我昨天的考試及格了該多好。B．與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望：賓從謂語為“did”形式。例如：Hewisheshewasascleverasyou./IwishIhadalargeroomtolivein.C．表示將來愿望：賓從謂語用“would/coulddo”形式。例如：HowIwishIwouldgoabroadnextyear!2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語為“(should)do”形式。例如：Isuggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/insistthathe(should)besenttothenearesthospitalassoonaspossible.3)在“Itis(about/high)time＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句的謂語用一般過去started.started.shouldstart.時(shí)或“shoulddo”形式。例如：Itishightimehe他該開始了。shouldstart.4)在表語從句、同位語從句中的用法：在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,advice等名詞后的表語從句、同位語從句中，謂語用“(should)do”形式。例如：Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendafewcomradestohelptheothergroups./Hegaveanorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)分析1．——Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?——I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(NMET)A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did析:此題A、D明顯不合上下文，因?yàn)橐曳經(jīng)]有去。B選項(xiàng)若為wouldhave則成立，可以理解為IwouldhavecomeifIhadnthadanunexpectedvisitor.的簡略式。但此處是would,故應(yīng)排除。只有wasgoingto可得體地表達(dá)“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造訪”這一意思。2．Iftherewerenosubjunctive,English______mucheasier.(NMET)A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：觀察題干，可知全句表達(dá)的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。故答案為D。3．Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody______therules.(NMET)A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey析：根據(jù)insist后的賓語從句謂語要用(should)do形式規(guī)律，可定正確答案是B。4．IwishI_____youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee析：此題表與過去事實(shí)相反的原望，答案應(yīng)為C。5．——Ifhe_____,he_____thatfood.——Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.(NMET)A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wuldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken析：從對話看，是表達(dá)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為B。6.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.(NMET)A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：without引出一個(gè)含蓄條件句，主句表述的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為D。7．Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____.(NMET)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken析；放入水中的鉛筆看上去是斷的，但實(shí)際上并非如此，因此是與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，這時(shí)asif從句謂語要用一般過去時(shí)，故答案為C。8．Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you_____sotired.(NMET)A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot析：觀察題干，可知if從句表述與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，因此答案只能是D。9．Ididntseeyouruncleattheparty.Ifhe_____,hewouldhavesaidhellotome.A.wouldcomeB.hadcomeC.cameD.didcome析：觀察題目上下文，特別是第二句的主句謂語為wouldhavesaid，可知if從句表述的是與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，因此答案為B。10．_____it_____foryourhelp,Icouldnthavemadeanyprogress.A.Had;notbeenB.Should;notbeC.Did;notbeD.Not;be析：根據(jù)主句謂語形式，可知從句要用haddone形式，故應(yīng)選A，Haditnotbeenforyourhelp＝Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp.（要不是你幫忙的話）11．MrSmithwasbadlyill,orhe_____ourdinnerparty.A.shouldcometoB.wouldhaveattendedC.wouldcometoD.shouldhaveattended析：or可引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句，表達(dá)虛擬語氣。根據(jù)此題內(nèi)容，可知是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故答案為B。倒裝句型英語的倒裝有兩大類型：全部倒裝：指謂語全部置于主語之前的倒裝，有下列幾種情況：here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then等在句首時(shí)引起全部倒裝。例如：Hereisaletterforyou./Theregoesthelasttrain./Thedooropened,andincameMrSmith./Awaywenttheboy./Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrellas./Backcametheothers./Outrushedtheboywithanappleinhishand./Thencameanoiselikethunder./Nowcomesthebus.介詞短語或方位名詞詞組作地點(diǎn)狀語位于句首，引起全部倒裝。例如：Inthecorneroftheroomstandsawriting－table./Southofthecityliesabigfactory./Underthebedliesacat./Intheseoceanslivehugenumbersofasmallfish5cmlong.注：以上兩種完全倒裝主語必須是名詞，謂語常是表示方位或轉(zhuǎn)移的不及物動詞，如lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,rise,walk,run等，主語若是人稱代詞或謂語不屬上述動詞之列，則不用完全倒裝。例如：Hereitrainsaloteverymonthoftheyear./Hereweare!/Offyougo!/Thenshewenttotheshop.3．在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，采用全部倒裝語序。例如：Thereisabookinthebag.表系主語4．代詞such作表語，意“這樣的人”“這樣的物”，應(yīng)置于句首，其后全部倒裝。例如：Suchwerethefacts./Suchwouldbeourhomeinthefuture.部分倒裝：指部分謂語（如助動詞、情態(tài)動詞）位于主語之前的倒裝。有下列一些情況：1．一般疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意問句要求部分倒裝。例如：Hashefinishedhiswork?/Itsalovelyday,isntit?2．特殊疑問詞不作主語或不作主語的定語的特殊疑問句要求部分倒裝。例如：Whendidyougothere?/Whichdoyoulikebest?3．only修飾動詞、介詞短語、狀語從句，并置于句首時(shí)，主句中要部分倒裝。例如：Onlywhentherainstoppeddidthematchstartagain.注：“only＋名詞/代詞”置于句首不要倒裝。例如：Onlyhecandoit.(正)Onlycanhedoit.(誤)4．含有否定意義的副詞，如：not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句首時(shí)，要求部分倒裝。例如：HardlycanIbelievethat./NeverhashebeentotheGreatWall./Seldomdoesshewritetome.5．notonly…but(also)…連接兩個(gè)分句，notonly置于句首，它所引導(dǎo)的這部分要部分倒裝，但but(also)部分不要倒裝。例如；Notonlyshouldwestudyscience,butalsoweshouldpayattentiontopolitics.注：若notonly…but(also)…連接兩個(gè)主語，句子不要倒裝。6．notuntil引起一個(gè)短語或引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句置于句首時(shí)，主句中要求部分倒裝。例如：Notuntilhewastendidhegotoschool./NotuntilyesterdaydidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.7．hardly…when…;nosooner…than…句型中，若hardly,nosooner位于句首時(shí)，主句中要求部分倒裝。例如：HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang./Nosoonerhadhefinishedhistalkthanhewassurrounded(包圍)bytheworkers.8．so表“也”、“同樣”意，位于句首時(shí)，其后要部分倒裝。例如：Youcanswim,socanI./Ifyougo,sowillI.倒裝語序考點(diǎn)分析Notonly_____pollutedbut_____crowded.(上海高考)A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;thestreetswereC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;werethestreets析：notonly部分要部分倒裝，可排除B、D。but(also)部分不要倒裝，故C為正確答案。Little_____abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.(上海高考)A．doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecareD.hecared析：否定意義的Little在句首，該句要倒裝，故答案在A、B之中選擇一個(gè)，因A的時(shí)態(tài)不對，故答案為B。3．Onlyinthisway_____progessinyourEnglish.(NMET)A.youmakeB.canyoumakeC.youbeabletomakeD.willyouabletocome析：Only修飾inthisway置于句首，句子要部分倒裝，故答案為B。4．Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_____howseriousthepollutionwas.(NMET)A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize析：由于Notuntil在句首，主句要采用部分倒裝，這樣先可排除B、C，又由于D不應(yīng)該用didnt,故A為正確答案。5．Bequick!_____A.ThebuscomeshereB.ThebusherecomesC.HerethebuscomesD.Herecomesthebus析：用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動作出現(xiàn)在倒裝句中，所以此題答案為D。（＝Thebusiscominghere.）6．Onthewall_____twolargeportraits.(NMET)A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging析：由于介詞短語onthewall位于句首，全句要采用完全倒裝式，因?yàn)橹髡Z是復(fù)數(shù)，所以正確答案為B。虛擬語氣、倒裝句型專練Little_____aboutwhatothersthink.A.hehascaredB.hecaresC.caredheD.doeshecare2._____gotintotheroom_____thetelephonerang.(NMET)A.Hehardlyhad;thenB.Hardlyhadhe;whenC.Hehadnot;thanD.Nothadhe;when3.Onlybypractisingafewhourseveryday_____beabletomasterthelanguage.(上海高考)A．youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou4.IfI_____himyesterdayI_____himaboutit.A.saw;wouldaskB.hadseen;wouldhaveaskedC.hadseen;wouldaskD.saw;wouldhaveasked5.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappenifthere_____nolightduringthedays?A.isB.willbeC.wereD.wouldbe6._____yousucceedineverythingand_____youbehealthy.A.Hope;wishB.Wish;hopeC.May;mayD.Expect;hope7.Butforyourhelp,I_____theplace.A.cantfindB.canthavefoundC.couldnthavefoundD.haventfound8.Ifherlawyer_____herelastSunday,he_____herfromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented9.Ifithadnotbeenfortheliberation,nochanges_____placeinmyhometown.A.wouldhavetakenB.wouldhavebeentakenC.willtakenD.willbetaken10._____latetommorrow,whowouldtakeherplace?A.ShouldMissGreencomeB.IfMissGreenwouldcomeC.MissGreenshouldcomeD.IfMissGreencomes11._____it_____,thecrops_____besaved.A.Had;rained;couldB.Should;rain;wouldC.If;rains;shouldD.Would;rain;should12.Theactorisoverfifty.Butheactsasifhe_____ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.shouldbeD.were13.Itseemsasifit____alreadysummernow.A.wereB.beC.isD.hadbeen14.IwishI_____himthedaybeforeyesterday.A.sawB.couldseeC.hadseenD.wasseeing15.Imadethesuggestionthatthey_____theplantheyhadmade.A.sticktoB.stucktoC.insistD.insistedon16.Itissuggestedthatastudyplan_____rightnow.A.ismadeB.istobemadeC.bemadeD.hadbeenmade17.Theyrequiredthatwe_____themgetinthecrops.A.helpB.helpedC.werehelpingD.wouldhelp18.Sheshouldhaveattendedtheclass,butshe_____.A.hadntB.hasntC.didntD.doesnt19.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking_____inthelibrary,whichmadethesmokersunhappy.A.isforbiddenB.wouldpermitC.beallowedD.shouldnotbeallowed20.Notonce_____hisviewoflife.A.didthegentlemanmentionB.thegentlemanmentionedC.mentionedthegentlemanD.doesthegentlemanmention21.Inthesun_____agroupofyoungsoldiers,guninhand.A.didstandB.hadstoodC.standingD.stood22.——Youforgottohandinyourhomeworkyesterday.——Goodheavens!_____.Hereyouare.A.SoIdidB.SodidIC.Idid,tooD.Soyouhave23._____withhisslippersonwhenheheardtheterriblenoise.A.OutdidherushB.RushedheoutC.OutrushedheD.Outherushed24.Nosooner_____finishedthecomposition_____thelightwentout.A.Ihad;whenB.Ihad;thanC.hadI;whenD.hadI;than25.Itwasnotuntil_____topreparehislessons.didhisfathercomeinthattheboybeganhisfathercameinthattheboybegandidhisfathercomeindidtheboybeginhisfathercameindidtheboybegin26._____,soyouarenotafriendofmine.A.IneversawyoubeforeB.NeverbeforeIhaveseenyouC.NeverbeforehaveIseenyouD.NeverhadIseenyoubefore27.——Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.——_____,and_____.(上海高考)A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohashe;soyouhave28.Never_____tilltomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday.A.putoffB.doputoffC.didyouputoffD.youwillputoff29.——Haveyouwrittentheseletters?——No,_____timetodoanyotherworkyet.A.hardlyIhaveB.IhavehadhardlyC.IhavehardlyhadD.Ihardlyhavehad30._____getsuchapairofshoesformyson?A.WheredoyouthinkcanIB.DoyouthinkwherecanI