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新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)(上)[八種時(shí)態(tài)]
新概念一語(yǔ)法總結(jié)(上)
,般現(xiàn)在時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行聞,一般艮去門,現(xiàn)隹完成時(shí).
一般將來(lái)時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
表示一般性,經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。
含有be動(dòng)詞的句子
Heisateacher.
Thegirlisverybeautiful.
TimandJackarestudents.
★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首
Isheateacher?
Isthegirlverybeautiful?
AreTimandJackstudents?
★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not
Heisnotateacher.
Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.
TimandJackarenotstudents.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,heis.No,heisnot.
Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.
Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.
不含有動(dòng)詞的句子,即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子
第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞
Helikesbooks.
Shelikeshim.
Thedoglikesbones.
★變疑問(wèn)句在句首加does,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?/p>
Doeshelikebooks?
Doesshelikehim?
Doesthedoglikebones?
★變否定句在主語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞之間加doesn't,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?/p>
Hedoesn'tlikebooks.
Shedoesn*tlikehim.
Thedogdoesn,tlikebones.
★肯定回答及否定回答:
Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn*t.
Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn't
Yes,itdoes.No,itdoesn*t.
注意:第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S,不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆,變否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)有任何變化。
其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞
Iwanttohaveabath.
Wehavesomemeat.
Thestudentslikesmartteachers.
★變疑問(wèn)句在句首加do
Doyouwanttohaveabath?
Dowehaveanymeat?
Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?
★變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加don't.
Youdon'twanttohaveabath.
Wedon'thaveanymeat.
Thestudentsdon'tlikesmartteachers.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Ido.No,Idon't.
Yes,wedo.No,wedon't
Yes,theydo.No,theydon't.
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分(現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見(jiàn)附錄)
Wearehavinglunch.
Heisreadingabook.
Thedogisrunningafteracat.
Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.
★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首
Arewehavinglunch?
Ishereadingabook?
Isthedogrunningafteracat?
Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?
★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not
Wearenothavinglunch.
Heisnotreadingabook.
Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.
Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.
★特殊疑問(wèn)句:what,which,how,where,who,etc.
疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞
Whatareyoudoing?
Whatisshedoing?
Whatisthedogdoing?
(必背)
沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞
表示狀態(tài),思想,感情和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
1.表示感覺(jué),感官的詞
see,hear,like,love,want,
2.have,has當(dāng)“擁有“講時(shí)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)
3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)
表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件,常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,
3daysago,
含有be動(dòng)詞的句子,將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式,am,is的過(guò)去式為was,are的過(guò)去式為were
Iwasatthebutcher,s.
Youwereastudentayearago.
Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.
★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首
Wereyouatthebutcher*s?
Wereyouastudentayearago?
Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?
★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not
Iwasnotatthebutcherfs.
Youwerenotastudentayearago.
Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.
★肯定回答否定回答
Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.
Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.
Yes,he,zshewas.No,he/shewasnot.
★特殊疑問(wèn)句:
Whatdidyoudo?
(必背)
不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子,將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式,動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式構(gòu)成見(jiàn)附錄
Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.
Theboywenttoarestaurant.
TheSawyers1ivedatKingStreetayearago.
KingStreetayearago.
★變疑問(wèn)句在句首加did,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?/p>
Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?
Didtheboygotoarestaurant?
DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?
KingStreetayearago?
★變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加didnot
Ididnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.
Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.
TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.
KingStreetayearago.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Idid.No,Ididn,t.
Yes,hedid.No,hedidn't.
Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.
4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have,has+過(guò)去分詞
用法:
1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作,常和just,usually,already,since等時(shí)間副詞連用
Ihavejusthadlunch.(飽了,不用再吃了)
Hehashadacupoftea.(不渴了,不用再喝)
Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.:不能再度假了)
Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.(已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了,不用再看了)
2)詢問(wèn)別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?
HaveyoubeentoBeijing?
Haveheseenthefilm?
3)表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作
IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.
Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.
4)表示一種經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)驗(yàn):去過(guò)…地方,做過(guò)…事情,經(jīng)歷過(guò)…事情
Ihaveneverhadabath.
Ihaveneverseenafilm.
Ihaveneverbeentocinema.
IhaveeverbeentoParis.
Havebeento表示去過(guò),havegoneto表示去了
IhavebeentoLondon.(人已經(jīng)回來(lái))
HehasgonetoLondon.(人還在那里)
5)表示一種結(jié)果,一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用
Ihavelostmypen.
Ihavehurtmyself.
Hehasbecomeateacher.
Shehasbrokenmyheart.
句型變化:
★變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首,變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.
e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.
★特殊疑問(wèn)句:
Whathaveyoudone?
Whathashedone?
一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:
凡是有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)
注意:有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn),不能再延續(xù),因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用
錯(cuò):PveleftBeijingfor3days.
對(duì):IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.
5.一般將來(lái)時(shí)
表示將來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,經(jīng)常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,in
fivehours'time,etc.表示將來(lái)的詞聯(lián)用
結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形
IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.
Thepilotwi11flytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.
Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.
★變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首
WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?
WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?
WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?
★變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not
IwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.
ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.
Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.
Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.
Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.
★特殊疑問(wèn)句:
Whatwillyoudo?
6.過(guò)去完成時(shí):
用法:在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里,兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
結(jié)構(gòu):had+過(guò)去分詞
Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.
TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.
ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.
After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào),如果放在主句后則不用加。
★變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首
Hadshefinishedherhomework?
★變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not
Shehadn'tfinishedherhomework.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,shehad.No,shehadn*t.
★特殊疑問(wèn)句:
Whathadshedone?
7.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,經(jīng)常用在when,while,as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中。
結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing
Whenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.
Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.
8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
結(jié)構(gòu):woulddo
Shesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.
二.特殊句型:therebe句型,begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)
1.Begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)
表示打算,準(zhǔn)備,計(jì)劃做某事
★結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+goingto+動(dòng)詞原型
Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.
Theyaregoingtopaintit.
Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.
★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首
Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?
Aretheygoingtopaintit?
Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?
★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not
Iamno二goingtomakeabookcase.
Theyaregoingtopaintit.
Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.
Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.
Yes,heis.No,heisnot.
★特殊疑問(wèn)句
Whatareyougoingtodo?
Whataretheygoingtodo?
Whatisthefathergoingtodo?
(必背)
2.Therebe句型
表示哪里有什么東西(某處有某物)
Thereis+單數(shù)名詞+表示場(chǎng)所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)
Thereisabookinthisroom.
Thereisapenonthetable
Thereare+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+表示場(chǎng)所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)
Therearetwopensonthetable.
Therearethreeschoolsthere.
★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首
Isthereabookinthisroom?
Aretheretwopensonthetable?
★變否定句在動(dòng)詞后面加not
Thereisnotabookinthisroom.
Therearenottwopensonthetable.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.
Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.
三.問(wèn)句:
一般疑問(wèn)句,特殊疑問(wèn)句,選擇疑問(wèn)句,反意疑問(wèn)句,選擇疑問(wèn)句,否定疑問(wèn)句
2一般疑問(wèn)句:助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?
2特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句
Whatisyourname?
2選擇疑問(wèn)句:or
Doyouwantbeeforlamb?
2反意疑問(wèn)句:肯定陳述句+否定疑問(wèn)部分,否定陳述部分+肯定疑問(wèn)部分
Youdon'tneedthatpen,doyou?
2否定疑問(wèn)句:一般疑問(wèn)句+否定詞
Aren'tyoulucky?Don'tyouwanthavearest?
四.冠詞用法:a/an/the的一般用法(詳細(xì)見(jiàn)筆記)
五.限定詞:some,any,many,much
2some,any修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句,注意,當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答
案為肯定回答時(shí)用some
2many修飾可數(shù)名詞,much修飾不可數(shù)名詞,在口語(yǔ)中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否定
句中表示很多用many,much.
Ihavealotofmoney.Idon,thavemuchmoney.
六.名詞:種類,復(fù)數(shù),名詞所有格
1.名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞
2不可數(shù)名詞
無(wú)法分開(kāi)的東西:water,tea,bread,milk,rice(米)
抽象的東西:love,beauty,coldness(寒冷)
不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn):
I.不能用a,an修飾
2.不能加s
3.和單數(shù)be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配
2可數(shù)名詞:
單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾,里數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s,名詞狂數(shù)共有以下幾種變化:
規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
規(guī)則1一般情況+s
e.g.shell-*shellsbook-*books
規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+es
e.g.foxffoxeschurch->churches,bus-abuses,
watch-swatches
規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾+s或+es
e.g.potato-**potatoes,NegrofNegroes,hero-**heroes,
tomato-tomatoes,(口訣:黑人英雄愛(ài)吃土豆和西紅柿),剩下一
般加s,radio_*radios
規(guī)則4以f,fe結(jié)尾的,變f,fe為ves
e.g.life-oliveshalf->halves,shelf—shelves,
city—cities,wife-*wives
規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i+es
e.g.sky-*skiesfly—flies
不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
單數(shù)manwomanfootgoosetooth
復(fù)數(shù)menwomenfeetgeeseteeth
單數(shù)childsheepdeermousefish
復(fù)數(shù)childrensheepdeermicefish
七.介詞(注意總結(jié)書上詞組)
八.副詞:用法及形容詞變副詞的變化
U副詞可以修飾形容詞,動(dòng)詞,副詞或整個(gè)句子。如:
Thebookisverygood.
Herunsfast.
Shecameherequiteearly.
CertainlyIwillgowithyou.
u變化:
1.直接在形容詞后加-ly,
careful-carefully,slow-slowly,
2.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞,把y變I,加Ty,
happy-happily,lucky-luckily
3.有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同,不需要做任何變化
fast,hard,late
4.有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn):
neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately.
九.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用:can,must,may,might,need,
1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can(能夠),must(必須),may(可以)
結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型
Hecanmakethetea.
Sallycanairtheroom.
WecanspeakEnglish.
★變疑問(wèn)句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首
Canhemakethetea?
CanSallyairtheroom?
CanwespeakEnglish?
★變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not
Hecannotmakethetea.
Sallycannotairtheroom.
WecannotspeakEnglish.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.
Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.
Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.
★特殊疑問(wèn)句:
Whatcanyoudo?
(必背)
注意:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒(méi)有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化,不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加S。
2.Must/haveto的區(qū)別
must表示必須,是主觀上覺(jué)得應(yīng)該做,haveto是不得不,是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做
must只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的句子里,而havetodo可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)
3.must,may,might表示猜測(cè):
mustdo表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè)
musthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)
musthavebeendoing表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)
may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示沒(méi)有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè),might的可能性更小。
can't/couldn,t表示不可能
4.need用法:
表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,后面可以加名詞,也可以加不定式:
Ineedapen.Doyouneedanybeer?No,Idon't.
Ineedzohavearest.
uNeeddoing=needtobedone,表示被動(dòng)
Theflowersneedwatering.
Need在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用
Youneedn'tgosoearly.=Youdon'tneedtogosoearly.
MustIcleanthedeskrightnow?No,youneedn*t.
十.不定代詞及不定副詞:
Someanynoevery
thingsomethinganythingnothingeverything
Ilookedformybook
onesomeoneanyoneanythingevei'yoneeverywhere,butI
wheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywherecan*tfindit
anywhere.
bodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody
Ifyouwantgo
somewhere,ifyouwanttobesomeone,youmustwakeup.
Help!Somebody?Anybody?
Youarereallysomething.
Sinceeverybodyishere,let,sbeginourclass.
Wheredidyougo?Iwentnowhere.
Nobodyisathome.
Ihavenothingleft.
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)(下)[句型和語(yǔ)法]
-]^一.感嘆句:
What+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!
How+形容詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
Howbeautifulthegirlis!
十二.祈使句:
第二人稱:
let+其他人稱代詞
祈使句的否定,加don't
反意疑問(wèn)
祈使句(第二人稱)
祈使句表示請(qǐng)求,命令,建議,邀請(qǐng)等,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用原型,句子中通常不用主語(yǔ),句末用驚嘆好或者句號(hào),用
降調(diào)。
★肯定句動(dòng)詞原型
例,Comehere,please.Godownstairs,please.Standup.Sitdown.Bequiet.Becareful.
祈使句中如果有喚語(yǔ),一定要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),放在句首或者句尾
Comein,Amy.
Sitdownhere,Tom.
Mary,givemeabookplease.
★否定:Don't+動(dòng)詞原型
Don'tcomehere.
Don'tsitdown.
Don,tstandup.
Don'tgivemeit.
letsb.do
Letmepass.
Letushavearest.
Let'shavearest.
(反意疑句):
Let'shaveawalkalongtheriver,shallwe?
Letusgooutforadrink,willyou?
十三.倒裝句:so/neither的倒裝eg.
Hecanswim.SocanI.
Ididn'tgotoclass.NeitherdidI.
結(jié)構(gòu):
so/neither+be+主語(yǔ)
5。/116遙116「+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
5。/116"110「+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),do,does/am,is,are
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),am,is,are
一般過(guò)去時(shí),did
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),have,has
一般將來(lái)時(shí),will,shall,
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),was,were
過(guò)去完成時(shí),had
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),would
十四.直接引語(yǔ)/間接引語(yǔ)
如果引語(yǔ)的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí),那么間接引語(yǔ)要做相應(yīng)變化:時(shí)態(tài),人稱,時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞
時(shí)態(tài)變化:
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)-----般過(guò)去時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)——過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)一一過(guò)去完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)---過(guò)去完成時(shí)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)——過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
begoingto---was/weregoingto/would
can----------------could
may---------------might
時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化:
here一there,tomorrow-thenextday,thefollowingday,this一Ihat…
人稱變化:根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。
十五.直接賓語(yǔ)/間接賓語(yǔ)
主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象,間接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù),也可以說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)
誰(shuí)做的,或者是為誰(shuí)做的。所以間接賓語(yǔ)要用名詞或者賓格代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。
Hegivesmeabook.
me間接賓語(yǔ),abook直接賓語(yǔ)
直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to或for
主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)
Givemeabook.
Givethebooktome.
Sendhisaletter.
Sendalettertohim.
Showhimthenewdress.
Showthenewdresstohim.
十六.從句:
賓語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句(限定性),表語(yǔ)從句,狀語(yǔ)從句(if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句》
賓語(yǔ)從句:如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主句中的動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí),那么賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要和主句統(tǒng)一;如果賓語(yǔ)從句為疑問(wèn)詞
引導(dǎo),那么語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序,即主語(yǔ)在前,動(dòng)詞在后。
定語(yǔ)從句:
表語(yǔ)從句:
狀語(yǔ)從句(if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句):主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
Whatwillyoudoifyouwinalotofmoney?
Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillstayathome.
十七.動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的用法(詳細(xì)用法請(qǐng)見(jiàn)NECII)
結(jié)構(gòu):todo,
用法:可以做除謂語(yǔ)以外的所有成分,語(yǔ)法上稱之為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
做賓語(yǔ):在一些動(dòng)詞后常用不定式做賓語(yǔ),例如:want,like,ask,try--
做賓補(bǔ):wantsb.todo,asksb.todo,likesb.todo---
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式
過(guò)去式的讀音
形容詞的比較級(jí)
形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)
附錄:
代詞及be動(dòng)詞
名詞復(fù)數(shù)
動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式
動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞
代詞及be動(dòng)詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱
單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)
主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey
賓格meusyouyouher/him/itthem
代詞所有格myouryouryourher/his/itstheir
名詞性代詞mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirs
be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)Amareareareisare
be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)waswerewerewerewaswere
名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
規(guī)則1一般情況+S
e.g.shelishellstoy->toys
規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+es
e.g.fox-foxeschurch-*churches
規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾s或+es
e.g.radio-*radiospotato-*potatoes
規(guī)則4以f,fe結(jié)尾的,變f,fe為ves
e.g.life-oliveshalf—halves
規(guī)則5以輔音字母iy結(jié)尾,變y為iies
e.g.skyfskiesstudyfstudies
動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式
規(guī)則1一般情況+s
e.g.like-likes,look-looks
規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+es
e.g.do-does,catch-catches
規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i+es
e.g.carry-carries,fly-flies
動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞
規(guī)則一一般動(dòng)詞加-ing
e.g.look-looking,read-reading,play-playing
規(guī)則二以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去
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