2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS表達(dá)作文巧升格學(xué)案含解析新人教版必修第一冊(cè)

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS概要寫作概要寫作，簡(jiǎn)言之就是對(duì)所讀過(guò)的文章簡(jiǎn)要概括，寫出文章的中心大意，也可稱之為摘要。所選材料體裁沒(méi)有限制，以說(shuō)明文、爭(zhēng)論文和記敘文為主。所需閱讀的短文詞數(shù)在350以內(nèi)。[寫作流程]第一步：歸納主旨大意(含段落大意)概要寫作的第一步便是閱讀并抓取主題，進(jìn)而提取主旨大意，即有關(guān)該主題的主要內(nèi)容或作者在該主題上的觀點(diǎn)或主見(jiàn)。閱讀語(yǔ)篇時(shí)，依據(jù)文章不同的文體可實(shí)行以下方法：記敘文圈出記敘文的六要素(who，when，where，what，how，why)，假如是夾敘夾議文，還要寫出故事給讀者帶來(lái)的啟示或寓意。說(shuō)明文找出文章要說(shuō)明的對(duì)象、觀點(diǎn)或建議。爭(zhēng)論文提取爭(zhēng)論文的三要素(論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證)。其次步：提煉關(guān)鍵詞1．結(jié)合主旨大意，細(xì)讀段落，找出每個(gè)段落的主旨句和關(guān)鍵詞，區(qū)分段落中哪些是mainideas，哪些是supportingideas，examples和additionalinformation。通常是在相對(duì)重要的句子中提煉關(guān)鍵詞。正確的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵句是概要寫作最重要的內(nèi)容和依據(jù)。2．消減事例，盡量削減實(shí)事并省略細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。第三步：合并和改寫1．合并信息首先須要對(duì)信息進(jìn)行分類、整合，找到信息之間的聯(lián)系，再將聯(lián)系緊密的信息合并在一起。同一層級(jí)的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但假如聯(lián)系緊密，且沒(méi)有支持的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)信息，可以考慮合并。2．在核心信息的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式的改寫，對(duì)原文的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式盡可能實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模的變更(改詞、換句型等)。第四步：核查成文核查連貫性，優(yōu)先考慮運(yùn)用最短連接詞(but，then，later，finally，besides，thus，therefore，yet，however)；核查標(biāo)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法；核查詞數(shù)。[常用語(yǔ)句]1．表示文章的內(nèi)容以及探討目的Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith...Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...Thisarticle/passagemainlytells(astory)about...Thispassagemainlydealswith/discusses/explores...Thisessaypresentsknowledgethat...Thispaperprovides/givesanoverviewof...Inthispassage(about...)，theauthor...Theauthorbegantheessay/passagebytelling/presenting...First/Firstly/Inthebeginning/Inthefirstpart，theauthorargues/explains/mentions/states/pointsout(that)．..2．表示探討的結(jié)論Theresultshowedthat...Theauthorfoundthat...Itwasconcludedthat...Finally/Asaconclusion，theauthorconcludes/adds/stressesthat...Finally，theauthorsummarizesthat...3．表示觀點(diǎn)或建議Theauthorsuggests/considersthat...Asfarastheauthorisconcerned，...Intheauthor'sview，...閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Yourattitudeplaysabigpartinyoureverydaylifeandcaninfluencehowyourlifemayturnoutinthefuture.Ifyouhaveagoodattitude,you'llbethekindofpersonwhoworkshardandyou'lllivethekindoflifemanywouldadmire.Herearesometipswhichcanhelpyouimproveyourattitude.Spendtimewiththosewhoshareyourpositiveattitude.Thisisamustifyouwanttoimproveyourattitude.Thepeopleyousurroundyourselfwithmostofthetimewillreflectuponyourlife.Soalwaysmakesurethatthesepeopleshareyourpositiveattitudeandliftyou.Whenyoutakeaction,alwaystakestepstoactwithapurpose,sothatyouractionsareinlinewithyourvalues.Forexample,WaltDisney'smainpurposeisto“makepeoplehappy”.Sonexttimeyouact,thinkofyourpurposeandimproveyourattitudewhiledoingso!Beingpolitewhengivenhelporaskingforitisn'tahardthing,yetsooftenweforgetthesesimplewords,especiallywiththoseclosesttous.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourattitude,use“please”and“thankyou”everytimeyou'regiventheopportunity.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourattitudetolifeandtothosearoundyou,stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.It'shumantocompareourliveswithothers',butwhenwedoittoooftenwecandrag(拖)ourselvesdown.Sospareyourselftheworryandstopcomparing,onlyfocus(集中)onyourownlifeandyou'llbemuchhappierintheprocess.Gratefulnessisoneofthemostpowerfulattitudesinyourlife.Ifyouwantabetterlife,givethanksforallthatyouhaveeachandeveryday.Gradually,you'llreceivemorethingstobethankfulfor!Sohow'syourattitudetoday?Doesitneedalittlefinetuning?【學(xué)生習(xí)作】Yourattitudecaninfluenceyourfuture.(要點(diǎn)1)Ifyouwanttoimproveyourattitude，youmuststaywiththepersonswithapositiveattitudeandactwithapurpose.(要點(diǎn)2)Inaddition，youshouldnotcompareyourselfwithothers.(要點(diǎn)3)Lastly，givingthanksforwhatyouhavewillimproveyourattitude.(要點(diǎn)4)[點(diǎn)評(píng)]1.要點(diǎn)1、2概括不夠全面。2.要點(diǎn)2可變換句式，避開(kāi)重復(fù)運(yùn)用youmust/should...。3.要點(diǎn)3可運(yùn)用同義詞替換givethanksfor。【升格作文】Yourattitude,whichmayinfluenceyourfuture,playsanimportantroleinyourdailylife.(要點(diǎn)1)Toimproveyourattitude,youshouldbewiththepersonswithapositiveattitudeandactwithanexactgoal.(要點(diǎn)2)Inaddition,itdoesn'tmakesensetocompareyourselfwithothers.(要點(diǎn)3)Lastly,usingpolitewordslike“please”and“thankyou”oftenandlearningtobegratefulforwhateveryouhavewillcontributetoimprovingyourattitude.(要點(diǎn)4)閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Gettingridofdirt，intheopinionofmostpeople，isagoodthing.However，thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury，peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease，asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538，theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryⅣ，KingofFrance，wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath，thekingorderedthat，toavoidtheattackofdisease，thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好處)ofdirtwaslong-lived，dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking，cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet，itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea：clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite，clothseversofter，surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt，however，gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt，whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary，MaryRuebush，anAmericanimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家)，encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter(后者)positionisgainingsomeground.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________