專題02 詞匯-2023-2024學(xué)年五年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)期末專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)（譯林三起）

期末專題02重點(diǎn)詞匯精講+考點(diǎn)精練(含答案)第一部分：重點(diǎn)詞匯精講Unit1重點(diǎn)詞匯infrontof[考點(diǎn)]infrontof...在...（外部）前面inthefrontof...在...（內(nèi)部）前面例如：Heisinfrontofme.他在我面前。Thereisablackblackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.在教室的前面有一塊黑色的黑板。練習(xí)：楊玲格外可怕。在她前面有一只狗。YangLingisveryafraid.Thereisadog.toocold太涼了[考點(diǎn)]too為副詞，在本句中譯為“太，過(guò)于”，用于形容詞或副詞前，起修飾作用例如：Thefoxistoohungry.這只狐貍太餓了。Bobbyrunstoofast.波比跑得大快了。練習(xí)：看！灰姑娘的鞋子太舊了。Look!Cinderella'sshoesare.afraid可怕的[考點(diǎn)]afraid為形容詞“可怕的”。表示“可怕…”用beafraidof，of后可接名詞或代詞，假如后面接的是人稱代詞，要用人稱代詞的賓格形式。例如：Don'tbeafraidofmypetdog.Itdoesn'tbiteyou.不要怕我的寵物狗。它不咬你。練習(xí)：()Thelittleboyisafraiddarkness(黑暗).Hecan'tstayaloneinthedarkroom.A.aboutB.ofC.withWhata.....!多么..........?。考點(diǎn)]what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，句型結(jié)構(gòu)“What(+a/an)+形容詞+名詞（+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))”。拓展：how也可以引導(dǎo)感嘆句，句型結(jié)構(gòu)“How+形容詞/副詞（+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))！”。例如：(1)Whatacleverchild(heis)！(他是)多么聰慧的一個(gè)孩子??！(2)Whatcutecats(theyare)！(它們是)多么可愛(ài)的貓?。?3)Whatnicefood(itis)！(它是)多么美味的食物?。?4)Howbigtheparkis！多么大的公園?。【毩?xí)：依據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。多么胖的一只黑熊?。lackbear!justrightjustright譯為“正合適，正好”。例如：Thisredcoatistoosmall,butthatblueoneisjustright.這件紅色的外套太小了，但是那件藍(lán)色的正合適。練習(xí)：()Thecoffeeis.Youcandrinkitnow.A.toohotB.toocoldC.justrightUnit2重點(diǎn)詞匯onthesecondfloor在二樓[考點(diǎn)]second為序數(shù)詞，意為“其次”，其對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞為two。序數(shù)詞用來(lái)表示挨次，前面一般要加定冠詞the，即“the十序數(shù)詞”，意為“第幾”。表示“在幾樓”用“onthe十序數(shù)詞十floor”例如：(1)Thesecondgirlismysister.其次個(gè)女孩是我的妹妹。(2)Ourmusicroomisonthethirdfloor.我們的音樂(lè)室在三樓。練習(xí)：選出句子中錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)，并在橫線上改正。()Whoisfirsttogettotheclassroom?ABCshow....around“帶…參觀[考點(diǎn)]show....around意為“帶…參觀”，show后可接名詞或代詞，假如后面接的是人稱代詞，要用人稱代詞的賓格形式。例如：-CanyoushowDavidaroundthesmalltown?-He'snewhere.-你能帶戴維參觀一下這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)嗎？-他剛來(lái)這里。練習(xí)：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Someofmyfriendscometomyhousetoday.I'dliketoshow(they)aroundthenewparknearby.Unit3語(yǔ)調(diào)one...,theother...一個(gè)…,另一個(gè)…[考點(diǎn)]one...theother...意為“一個(gè)…,另一個(gè)…”,用來(lái)描述特定的兩個(gè)人或物,后接同類的單詞或短語(yǔ)。例如：Therearetwoapplesinthebasket.Oneisredandtheotherisgreen.籃子里有兩個(gè)蘋果。一個(gè)是紅色的，另一個(gè)是綠色的。練習(xí)：()Ihavetwostorybooks.Oneisnewandisold.A.another B.others C.theotherno[考點(diǎn)]no用于名詞前，表示否定意義。當(dāng)no修飾的是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，“no+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”相當(dāng)于nota(n)；當(dāng)no修飾的是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不行數(shù)名詞時(shí)，“no+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不行數(shù)名詞”則相當(dāng)于notany。例如：(1)Thereisnojuiceintheglass.=Thereisn'tanyjuiceintheglass.(2)Ihavenobrothersorsisters.練習(xí)：按要求完成句子。(1)Theyhavenotails.Theyhavenowingseither.(合并為一句)Theyhavetailswings.(2)Mikehasnomoneywithhim.(改為同義句)Mikemoneywithhim.can能；會(huì)；可以[考點(diǎn)]can為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“能；會(huì)；可以”，它沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形。其否定形式是直接在can后加上not,即cannot,也可以縮寫為can’t。例如：(1)Therobotcangiveyoutheanswerrightnow.(2)HenryandHarrycan'tsleep.練習(xí)：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1)Thecrow(can)drinkthewater.He'sveryworried.(2)MumsaysSamcan(eat)anicecreamtoday.give給[考點(diǎn)]give意為“給”,表示“給某人某物”用givesbsth,相當(dāng)于givesthtosb但當(dāng)sth為代詞時(shí),只能使用givesthtosb這一結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：—Theboyishungry,Dad.—Youcangivehimahamburger.=Youcangiveahamburgertohim.練習(xí)：按要求完成句子。Canyougivemeacrayon?(改為同義句)Canyougive?Unit4重點(diǎn)詞匯like寵愛(ài)[考點(diǎn)]like意為“寵愛(ài)”,后接doingsth,表示“(習(xí)慣性)寵愛(ài)做某事”。例如：Ilikesittingontheswing.Paullikeswatchingbasketballgames.練習(xí)：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1)Ilike(sing)and(dance).(2)Tom(like)(play)withhismodelplanes.begoodat擅長(zhǎng)于[考點(diǎn)]begoodat意為“擅長(zhǎng)于”,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞,相當(dāng)于dowellin(后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞)。例如：Mikeisgoodat(playing)tabletennis.=Mikedoeswellin(playing)tabletennis.邁克擅長(zhǎng)打乒乓球。練習(xí)：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1)Tracy'ssisterisveryyoung,butshe'sgoodat(swim).(2)They'repainters.Theycandrawpictures(good).also也[考點(diǎn)]also和too都譯為“也”，區(qū)分：also一般用于確定句/疑問(wèn)句中，常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前；too一般用于確定句中，但它通常位于句末，語(yǔ)氣要比also輕。例如：Mycousinlikesplayingvolleyball.Healsolikesplayingtheviolin.=Helikesplayingtheviolintoo.我的表弟寵愛(ài)打排球。他也寵愛(ài)拉小提琴。練習(xí)：選詞填空。①Johnis(also/too)19yearsold.Tomis19yearsold(also/too).②ShecanspeakEnglish.Shecan(also/too)speakFrench.talkabout談?wù)揫考點(diǎn)]talkabout意為“談?wù)摗?后接人或事物作賓語(yǔ)。例如：—Whatareyoutalkingabout?你們正在談?wù)撌裁?—We'retalkingaboutourfavouritesubjects.我們正在談?wù)撐覀冏顚檺?ài)的課程。練習(xí)：()Theyoftentalkfamousstarswitheachotherafterclass.A.for B.with C.aboutontheice在冰上[考點(diǎn)]ontheice是指在冰的表面上intheice是指在冰里面練習(xí)：選詞填空。(1)Thereisabighole(on/in)theice.(2)Thegirlskates(on/in)theiceinwinter.Unit5重點(diǎn)詞匯Whatabout…?”“……怎么樣?[考點(diǎn)]相當(dāng)于“Howabout…?”,后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞【例句】(1)I'dlikeacupofcoffee.Whatabouthim?我想要一杯咖啡。他呢?(2)It'sanicedaytoday.Whataboutflyingkites?今日天氣不錯(cuò)。去放風(fēng)箏怎么樣?【練習(xí)】用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空?！猈hatabout(go)climbingtomorrow,WangBing?—Goodidea.Ican'twait!athome在家[考點(diǎn)]athome固定短語(yǔ)，意為“在家”，此時(shí)home前不加定冠詞the。類似的短語(yǔ)還有:atschool,atsea(在海上;在海里),inclass。【例句】DoyouhaveComputerStudiesatschool?你在學(xué)校有電腦課嗎?【練習(xí)】水手們?cè)诤Ｉ厦允Я朔较?。Thesailorsarelost.help掛念[考點(diǎn)]help意為“掛念”，其具體用法如下：(1)“help+名詞或人稱代詞的賓格形式”,意為“掛念……”。(2)helpsb(to)dosth意為“掛念某人做某事”。(3)helpsbwithsth意為“在某方面掛念某人”?！纠洹?1)—Whocanhelphim?誰(shuí)能掛念他?—Hisfriends.他的伴侶們。(2)Ihelpmymother(to)dothehouseworkonSundays.(3)Theteacheroftenhelpsherwithherlessons.【練習(xí)】()Canyouhelpmemyhomework?A.doing B.for C.withso如此，這么[考點(diǎn)]so為程度副詞，意為“如此，這么”，用于形容詞或副詞之前，起修飾作用。somany意為“如此多的”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。【拓展】somuch也譯為“如此多的”，但它后接不行數(shù)名詞?！纠洹?1)Therearesomanytreesonthehill.小山上有如此多的樹。(2)Youshouldn'tspendsomuchtimeonit.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)花如此多的時(shí)間在這件事上。【練習(xí)】選詞填空。(1)Thereare(somany/somuch)forestsaroundthemountain.(2)Thepighas(somany/somuch)foodatatime.Unit6重點(diǎn)詞匯Waitaminute[考點(diǎn)]waitaminute意為“等一會(huì)兒”,相當(dāng)于waitamoment。【例句】—Let'sgofishing,MrGreen.—Waitaminute.I'mlookingformyfishingrod.【練習(xí)】你能等一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)?我有一些話要對(duì)安說(shuō)。Canyou?IhavesomethingtosaytoAnn.speak講[考點(diǎn)]speakChinese意為“說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)”,表示說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言要用動(dòng)詞speak。拓展：表示“和某人講話”用speaktosb。speak還可以作電話用語(yǔ),意為“談話;交談”?！纠洹縎uHaicanspeakJapanese.MayIspeaktoMrWhite?【練習(xí)】()MygrandfatherisgoodatEnglish.A.telling B.speaking C.sayinggofishing去釣魚[考點(diǎn)]gofishing意為“去釣魚”，go與表示活動(dòng)、消遣等方面的動(dòng)名詞連用，表示從事某項(xiàng)消遣活動(dòng)?！纠洹縒hataboutgoingshoppingwithusthisweekend?Wherecanwegoboating?【練習(xí)】用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。It'scrazyofyoutogo(skate)onsuchthinice.by[考點(diǎn)]by用作介詞，意為“在……旁邊”?！纠洹縏here'sanoldhousebytheforest.森林旁邊有一棟老房子?！揪毩?xí)】過(guò)來(lái)坐在我旁邊。咱們一起看這場(chǎng)競(jìng)賽。Comeand.Let’swatchthegametogether.Unit7重點(diǎn)詞匯playwith和……一起玩[考點(diǎn)]playwith意為“和……一起玩”，后接名詞或人稱代詞的賓格形式。拓展：with和and都有“和”的意思，但在用法上有所不同。with為介詞，后接名詞或人稱代詞的賓格形式，且緊接其后的成分不能在句子中作主語(yǔ)。and為連詞，用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列的成分。當(dāng)它連接同一個(gè)句子中的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！纠洹縄wanttoplaywithBobby.Hegoestotheparkwithhisfamily.=Heandhisfamilygotothepark.【練習(xí)】()MyfatherIusuallywatchTVatweekends,butsometimesweplay_thedog.A.and;with B.with;and C.and;andusually通常[考點(diǎn)]usually頻度副詞，意為“通常”。頻度副詞常用于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。常見的頻度副詞還有always(總是，始終)，often(經(jīng)常，經(jīng)常)，sometimes(有時(shí)),seldom(不常;很少),never(從不;絕不),它們依據(jù)頻率凹凸排序?yàn)閍lways>usually>often>sometimes>seldom>never?！纠洹縎ometimesYangLinggoestothesupermarketwithherfriends.楊玲有時(shí)和她的伴侶們一起去超市。【練習(xí)】—他們總是在星期六下午做他們的家庭作業(yè)嗎? —不。他們?nèi)タ措娪啊！狣otheyonSaturdayafternoon?—No.Theythe.alot[考點(diǎn)]alot是口語(yǔ)中常用的一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，其主要用法有以下兩點(diǎn)：(1)作名詞短語(yǔ)，意為“很多”，此時(shí)后面可接動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。(2)作副詞短語(yǔ)，意為“很；格外”，用于動(dòng)詞、形容詞等后，起修飾作用?！就卣埂縜lotof也有“很多”的意思，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不行數(shù)名詞?！纠洹?1)LiuTaogivesheralottoeat.劉濤給她很多吃的東西。(2)Sometimesthere'sverylittlesnowhere,butsometimesitsnowsalot.(3)Thekinghasalotofmoney/palacesnow.He'sveryrich.那位國(guó)王現(xiàn)在有很多錢/宮殿。他很富有?！揪毩?xí)】單項(xiàng)選擇。()Itusuallyrainshereinsummer.A.lotsof B.alot C.lotofcomeout出來(lái)[考點(diǎn)]comeout意為“出來(lái)”,其同義短語(yǔ)為getout?！纠洹縎am,comeoutandhavedinnerwithus.山姆,出來(lái)和我們一起吃晚飯。Themousecan'tgetoutofthebagbecauseiteatsalotofrice.【練習(xí)】—請(qǐng)等一會(huì)兒。我格外鐘內(nèi)就出來(lái)?！玫??！狿leasea.I’llintenminutes.—OK.Unit8重點(diǎn)詞匯atChristmas在圣誕節(jié)(期間)[考點(diǎn)]atChristmas意為“在圣誕節(jié)(期間)”，指的是在圣誕節(jié)前后的一段時(shí)間。【拓展】onChristmasDay也可以譯為“在圣誕節(jié)”,但它指的是在圣誕節(jié)當(dāng)天。【例句】IwillcomebackatChristmas.我將在圣誕節(jié)(期間)回來(lái)。ChildrenalwaysgetmanypresentsonChristmasDay.孩子們總是在圣誕節(jié)(當(dāng)天)收到很多禮物?！揪毩?xí)】單項(xiàng)選擇。()WehaveagreattimeChristmasDay.A.in B.on C.at(2)選出句子中錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)，并在橫線上改正。()WeoftenbuyaChristmastreeonChristmas.ABCfirst首先[考點(diǎn)]first為表示挨次的副詞，意為“首先”。在本單元中，表示挨次的副詞還有：next(接著,然后),then(然后),finally(最終)【例句】First,maketwosnowballs.首先，做兩個(gè)雪球。Next,putthesmalloneonthebigone.接著，把小雪球放在大雪球上。Then,puttwoblackballsonthefaceastheeyes.然后，把兩個(gè)黑色的球放在臉上作為眼睛。Finally,putacarrotonthefaceasthenose.最終，把一根胡蘿卜放在臉上作為鼻子。【練習(xí)】首先，我想告知你的家人一件重要的事情。,I'dliketotellyouranimportantthing.put…on…把……放在……上[考點(diǎn)]put…on…意為“把……放在……上”?！就卣埂恳罁?jù)實(shí)際狀況,put也可以與其他方位介詞搭配使用,如in,into,behind等?！纠洹緾anIputthebookonthedesk?我能把這本書放在課桌上嗎?Don'tputyourfingerinyourmouth.不要把你的手指放在嘴里?！揪毩?xí)】()Childrentheirshoestheirbeds.A.puts;beside B.put;under C.put;infrontwaitfor等候，等待[考點(diǎn)]waitfor意為“等候，等待”，后接名詞或人稱代詞的賓格形式作賓語(yǔ)。表示“等待某人做某事”用waitforsbtodosth。例如：Let'swaitforthegueststocome.咱們等待客人到來(lái)吧。練習(xí)：()Youcaninthemeetingroom.A.waitme B.waitforwe C.waitformewakeup醒來(lái)；叫醒[考點(diǎn)]wakeup意為“醒來(lái)；叫醒”，可以單獨(dú)使用，也可以后接賓語(yǔ)，但假如所接的賓語(yǔ)為人稱代詞的賓格形式，則要將人稱代詞的賓格形式放在wake和up中間?！纠洹縄wakeupatseveno’clockeverymorning.我每天早上七點(diǎn)鐘醒來(lái)。Wakehimup,please.It'stimeforclass.請(qǐng)叫醒他。是上課的時(shí)候了?！揪毩?xí)】劉濤早上總是早早地醒來(lái)。LiuTaoalwaysinthemorning.其次部分：考點(diǎn)精練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(that)arecows.Who(be)you?There(be)somewaterintheglass.Therearetwoboysinfrontof(she).Therearen’t(some)ballsintheplayground.Icanseethechairbetweenthe(desk).SuHaiandSuYangcan’tfind(they)glasses.There(be)threebedsintheroom.JimandSuHai(have)anyumbrellas?Nancylikes(panda)best.Ihavealittlecat.(it)bodyissoft.There(be)some(fish)inthepond.Thepighasfourfat(foot).Doesyoursister(have)ananimalfriend?Mydogcan’t(talk).Howmanyhats(do)Georgehave?Ilike.Icanwell.I’mgoodat(dance).Mylittlesister(notlike)goingshopping.Myfriend’s(hobby)(be)playingbasketballandfootball.—Canyourmother(make)clothes?—No,shecan’t.Bobby(like)(have)cakes,butSamlikes(drink)juice.Theyall(work)inthefactory.Whydoyoulike(drive)?(do)yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?Therearesome(policeman)inthepoliceofficenow.Mybrotherlikes.Hecan(cook)nicefood.yoursistera(nurse)?Helen(notdo)herhomeworkatschool.Theyall(work)inthefactory.Whydoyoulike(drive)?(do)yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?Therearesome(policeman)inthepoliceofficenow.Mybrotherlikes.Hecan(cook)nicefood.yoursistera(nurse)?Helen(notdo)herhomeworkatschool.—(do)MrGreenlike(skate)?—No,he(do).Areyougoodat(swim)?YangLingcan’t(play)footballwell.There(be)anybooksonthedesk.Mike(watch)TVeveryday.Howmany(mango)arethereonthetable?MrZhangisa(work).He(make)cars.He(work)hard.Hehas(China)lessonsatschool.—Howoldisyourbrother?—He’s11(year)old.What(do)yourfriendsdoafterclass?I’mnotgoodat(play)football.—Canyou(speak)English,WangBing?—Yes,Ican.I(nothave)anyapplesnow.SuYang(like)EnglishandMusic.Myuncle(teach)Chineseinamiddleschool.Ilike(sing)withmyclassmates.DoesMikeswim(good)?Hello,I’mfrom(Chinese).—Canyourfather(speak)English?—Yes,hecan.Shesometimes(chat)withhifriendsonthephone.SuYang’sparentsusually(visit)hergrandparentsonSaturdays.Welike(play)footballafterschool.—WhatSandyusually(do)?—Sheusuallyreadsbooks.Helenoften(go)tothecinema.Nancyhasa(dance)lesson.Don’t(open)thispresent.It’sforJane.Theirsister(notlike)(eat)pudding.MrsBrownusually(buy)prettythingsand(put)themonthetree.Then,ChristmasEve(come).OnNewYear’sDay,(child)alwaysgivepresentstoeachother.(one),theybuyaChristmastree.用方框中選給單詞或短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空。(A)toohottiredinfrontoftherebewhatMymother