10閱讀理解四選一精練（中檔）-2022-2023學(xué)年八年級(jí)英語下學(xué)期期末復(fù)習(xí)培優(yōu)拔高（牛津譯林版）

10閱讀理解—選擇精練（中檔）小貼士小貼士滿分建議：放平心態(tài)，不怕生詞。每次訓(xùn)練，雖少卻精。每天堅(jiān)持，源頭活水。限時(shí)閱讀，提高速度四種題型：主旨大意型；事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型；推理判斷型；詞義猜測型。一、主旨大意題：要求在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)全文進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)。常見考法：1．主題型：What’sthemainideaofthispassage?（這篇文章的主要思想是什么？）Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?（這篇文章主要討論了什么？）What’sthetopicofthispassage?（這篇文章的主題是什么？）2．標(biāo)題型：What’sthebesttitle?（最佳的標(biāo)題是什么？）Thebesttitleforthistextis(totell)______.（這段文字的最佳標(biāo)題是_____)Themainpurposeofthistextis______.(這段文字的主要目的是？）3．目的型：Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthistextisto______.（作者寫這段文字的主要目的是？）What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?（這篇文章的主要目的是？）二、細(xì)節(jié)理解題做這種題目要注意注意提干中的標(biāo)識(shí)語，帶著問題有目的地尋找某一特定信息。題干中的標(biāo)識(shí)語就是尋找答案的"路標(biāo)詞"，如人物/時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)等。常見題型：1、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?（下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？）2、Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?（文中沒有提到下列哪一項(xiàng)？）3、Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.（作者（文章）指出____）4、Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?（根據(jù)文章，什么時(shí)候（哪里，為什么，如何，誰，什么，哪個(gè)等等）____）三、推理判斷題重點(diǎn)題型，通常占總題目的30%左右。著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。以原文內(nèi)容為前提，要求你在理解文章直接陳述的觀點(diǎn)或描述的事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），理解作者的言外之意（impliedmeaning)。透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。1、Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_______.（文章暗示了____)2、Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat_____.(我們能從文章中得出的結(jié)論是_____）3、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推論)?（可以得出哪個(gè)推論？）4、Whatisthetone(語氣)/attitude(態(tài)度)oftheauthor?（作者的語氣/態(tài)度是什么？）5、Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?（這篇文章的目的是什么？）6、Thepassageisintendedto_____.（文章的目的是_____)7、Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?(這段文字最可能出現(xiàn)在什么地方？)四、詞義猜測題詞義理解是閱讀理解能力的重要指標(biāo)。無論一個(gè)人的詞匯量有多大，都會(huì)在閱讀中碰到生詞。對(duì)詞義的理解往往會(huì)影響到對(duì)全文的準(zhǔn)確把握。閱讀過程中，對(duì)于不妨礙全文理解和出現(xiàn)頻率較低的生詞，跳過即可。答題小技巧：先讀題目，有的放矢。快讀全文，了解大意。細(xì)讀關(guān)鍵，解決問題。四個(gè)"W"和一個(gè)"H"，永遠(yuǎn)要牢記。(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)（哪里，為什么，如何，誰，什么，哪個(gè)等等_）常見解法：①直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。②歸納解題法。對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案。③綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認(rèn)真分析，綜合推理及至計(jì)算，最后歸納出正確答案。④捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來得出正確答案。⑤轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說，而在問題和所給選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義。⑥排除法。根據(jù)語言，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞和常識(shí)，在沒有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法得出正確答案。再讀原文，核對(duì)答案，滿分必會(huì)，養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣。實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練1．AyearbookisatraditionofhighschoollifeintheUnitedStates.Thebookincludesthename，photo，andsignature（簽名）ofeachstudentinyourfinalyear，sothatyoucanrememberwhoyouwenttoschoolwith.A15YearOldgirlCatherineCookandherbrotherDavidwantedmorethanthis.Theythought，"Whynothaveayearbookonline？Youcouldlearnaboutpeople'smusictastes，themoviestheylike，andsoon."CatherinethoughtofthenameMyYearbook.，andthelogo（標(biāo)志）.Toadvertisethewebsite，CatherineandDavidworeTShirtswiththewebsitelogotoschoolandsoonhundredsoftheirschoolmatesbecamefansofthewebsite.ShespentmanyeveningstalkingonthephonetoprogrammersinIndia，andcollectingideasfromherschoolmates.ThenherolderbrotherGeoffcameupwiththemoneytostartupthewebsite.MyYearbookuserscanjoininthefunbysendingmessagesand"collecting"friends.TheycanwatchthesamevideosfromfilmsandTVprograms，andsharemusic，photos，homeworkandstudyguides.Someteensfeeltheycanmakefriendseasilyonline.Chattingonlinehelpssomeshypeoplenottofeelleftout.Userscanalsomake"LunchMoney"bydoingactivitiesonthewebsite.TheycanthenspendtheirLunchMoneyongifts，ordonateittocharities.Theyhavesaved0.3k㎡ofrainforest，cleanedupmillionkgofCO2，sent22，000bookstoAfrica，andbought20，000kgofriceforpeoplewithoutenoughfood.RunningthewebsitedidnotstopCatherineandDavidfromfinishingtheirschoolworksuccessfully，andgoingontouniversitywheretheystillspent50hoursaweekonthewebsite.（1）WhogottheideaofsettingupmyYearbook.？CA.Geoff.B.AUShighschool.C.CatherineandDavidD.Indianprogrammers.（2）What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase"leftout"？CA.已離開B.在左邊C.受冷落D.受欺騙（3）Whichofthefollowingistherightorderaccordingtothestory？Ba.Startupthewebsiteb.Thinkofthenameandlogoc.Collectideasfromschoolmatesd.Goontouniversitye.WearTShirtswiththewebsitelogoA.ECABDB.BECADC.DBCEAD.CBDEA（4）InParagraph4，thewriterusesmanynumbers，suchas0.3km，millionkg，22，000，20，000kg，inordertoshowthatD.A.ThereissolittlerainforestonearthB.ThereissomuchCO2intheairC.UserscanbuyalotofbooksandriceD.Usershavedonealotforcharities（5）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？CA.TheCooksB.LunchMoneyC.AyearbookonlineD.UShighschoollife文章主旨：短文講了美國的高中通過做一個(gè)紀(jì)念冊(cè)來紀(jì)念和誰一起上過學(xué)，Catherine和David有一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)年鑒的想法，詳細(xì)的介紹了他們對(duì)網(wǎng)站的宣傳，及其網(wǎng)站的一些內(nèi)容和帶來的一些作用。答案詳解：（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)A15YearOldgirlCatherineCookandherbrotherDavidwantedmorethanthis.Theythought，"Whynothaveayearbookonline？Youcouldlearnaboutpeople'smusictastes，themoviestheylike，andsoon."（一個(gè)15歲的女孩CatherineCook和她的哥哥David想要的不僅僅是這些。他們想："為什么不在網(wǎng)上做一本年鑒呢？你可以了解人們的音樂品味，他們喜歡的電影，等等。"）可知是Catherine和David有一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)年鑒的想法。故選C。（2）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)Someteensfeeltheycanmakefriendseasilyonline.Chattingonlinehelpssomeshypeoplenottofeelleftout.（一些青少年覺得他們可以很容易地在網(wǎng)上交朋友。在線聊天可以幫助一些害羞的人不感到被。）聯(lián)系前句可猜測出下劃線短語leftout的意思應(yīng)為：受冷落。故選C。（3）細(xì)節(jié)排序題。根據(jù)CatherinethoughtofthenameMyYearbook.，andthelogo（標(biāo)志）.Toadvertisethewebsite，CatherineandDavidworeTShirtswiththewebsitelogotoschoolandsoonhundredsoftheirschoolmatesbecamefansofthewebsite.ShespentmanyeveningstalkingonthephonetoprogrammersinIndia，andcollectingideasfromherschoolmates.ThenherolderbrotherGeoffcameupwiththemoneytostartupthewebsite.（Catherine想起了我的年鑒這個(gè)名字，網(wǎng)址和標(biāo)志。為了宣傳這個(gè)網(wǎng)站，Catherine和David穿著印有網(wǎng)站標(biāo)志的T恤去上學(xué)，很快他們的數(shù)百名同學(xué)就成了這個(gè)網(wǎng)站的粉絲。她花了很多晚上和印度的程序員通，收集同學(xué)們的想法。然后，她的哥哥Geoff拿出錢來創(chuàng)辦這個(gè)網(wǎng)站。）以及RunningthewebsitedidnotstopCatherineandDavidfromfinishingtheirschoolworksuccessfully，andgoingontouniversitywheretheystillspent50hoursaweekonthewebsite.（運(yùn)行該網(wǎng)站并沒有影響Catherine和David順利完成學(xué)業(yè)，他們?nèi)匀幻恐茉诰W(wǎng)站上花50個(gè)小時(shí)，繼續(xù)上大學(xué)。）可知故事的正確的順序應(yīng)是：bECAD。故選B。（4）細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)TheycanthenspendtheirLunchMoneyongifts，ordonateittocharities.Theyhavesaved0.3k㎡ofrainforest，cleanedupmillionkgofCO2，sent22，000bookstoAfrica，andbought20，000kgofriceforpeoplewithoutenoughfood.（然后他們可以把午餐的錢花在禮物上，或者捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。他們拯救了0.3平方千米熱帶雨林，它清除了數(shù)百萬公斤的二氧化碳，向非洲發(fā)送了2.2萬本書，并為沒有足夠食物的人們購買了2萬公斤大米。）可推斷出在第4段中，作者使用了許多數(shù)字，例如0.3平方千米，百萬公斤，22000，20000公斤，以表明用戶為慈善事業(yè)做了很多事情。故選D。（5）最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文，根據(jù)CatherinethoughtofthenameMyYearbook.，andthelogo（標(biāo)志）.Toadvertisethewebsite，CatherineandDavidworeTShirtswiththewebsitelogotoschoolandsoonhundredsoftheirschoolmatesbecamefansofthewebsite.ShespentmanyeveningstalkingonthephonetoprogrammersinIndia，andcollectingideasfromherschoolmates.ThenherolderbrotherGeoffcameupwiththemoneytostartupthewebsite.（Catherine想起了我的年鑒這個(gè)名字。網(wǎng)址和標(biāo)志。為了宣傳這個(gè)網(wǎng)站，Catherine和David穿著印有網(wǎng)站標(biāo)志的T恤去上學(xué)，很快他們的數(shù)百名同學(xué)就成了這個(gè)網(wǎng)站的粉絲。她花了很多晚上和印度的程序員通，收集同學(xué)們的想法。然后，她的哥哥Geoff拿出錢來創(chuàng)辦這個(gè)網(wǎng)站。）短文講了美國的高中通過做一個(gè)紀(jì)念冊(cè)來紀(jì)念和誰一起上過學(xué)，Catherine和David有一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)年簽的想法，詳細(xì)的介紹了他們對(duì)網(wǎng)站的宣傳，及其網(wǎng)站的一些內(nèi)容和帶來的一些作用。故最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)為：在線年鑒。故選C。2．Onceuponatime，peoplecouldnotwriteandtheyhadnobooks.Buttheyhadstories.TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonflatsheetsmadefrompapyrus（紙莎草）plants.Theygluedmanypapyrussheetstogethertomakeonelongstrip（條）.Thentheyrolledthestriparoundasticktomakeascroll.Peopleinotherareasalsousedparchment（羊皮紙）instead.InancientChina，bookslookedalittledifferent.Peopletherefirstcarved（雕刻）wordsintoboneortortoiseshell（龜殼）.Latertheyusedinktowriteonstripsofbambooorsilk.ThentheChineseinvented（發(fā)明）paper.Thefirstpaperwasmadefromwastecloth，butlaterplantmaterialswerealsoused.Theinventionspreadslowlyacrosstheworld，reachingEuropeinthe1100s.Thenpeopleusedpapertomakeearlybooks.Butalltheseearlybooksstillhadonebigproblem.Everysinglebookhadtobecopiedoutbyhand.Iftherewerepictures，eachpagehadtobepaintedbyhand，oneatatime.ThismadebooksrareandexpensiveThoughalsoverybeautiful.TheChinesewerethefirsttothinkofawaytospeedthingsupalittle.In1040，amannamedBiShenginventedmovabletypeprinting（活字印刷）.MovabletypeworkedbycarvingasingleChinesewordonablockofwoodorclay.Thesecouldthenbetogetherwithotherwordstocreatesentences，orwholepages.Inthe1400sJohannesGutenbergofGermanyinventedanewwayofprinting.ItusedmovabletypeMetallettersthatcouldbearranged（排列）andrearrangedtoformwords.Italsousedamachinecalledapress.Gutenberg'sinventionsmadeprintingbecamefasterandeasier.Asmorebooksbecameeasytoget，morepeoplelearnttoread.Inthepast，bookswerealuxuryonlytherichcouldbuy.Butwiththeprintingpress，theysoonbecameatreasureeveryonecouldenjoy.（1）WhatdidtheancientChinesefirstuseaspaper？CA.Papyrussheets.B.Parchment.C.Boneortortoiseshell.D.Stripsofbambooorsilk.（2）Whywereearlybooksrareandexpensive？BA.Becausetheinventionofpaperspreadslowlyacrosstheworld.B.Becauseeverybookincludingpictureshadtobecopiedoutbyhand.C.Becauseancientpeopledidn'thaveenoughmoneytobuybooks.D.BecausepeopleinancientEuropedidn'tinventpaperliketheChinese.（3）Whoinventedthemachinecalledapress？DA.TheancientEgyptians.B.TheancientChinese.C.BiSheng.D.JohannesGutenberg.（4）What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"luxury"？CA.SomethingoldB.SomethingnewC.SomethingexpensiveD.Somethingcheap（5）What'sthemainideaofParagraph5？CA.Theinventionofparchment.B.Theinventionofpaper.C.Theinventionofmovabletypeprinting.D.TheinventionofChinesewords.文章主旨：本文主要介紹了信息的記錄手段的革新。答案詳解：（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InancientChina，bookslookedalittledifferent.Peopletherefirstcarved（雕刻）wordsintoboneortortoiseshell（龜殼）.（在中國古代，書籍看起來有點(diǎn)不同。那里的人首先把文字刻在骨頭或龜殼上。）可知，古代中國是用骨頭和龜殼來當(dāng)紙用的。故選C。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Everysinglebookhadtobecopiedoutbyhand.Iftherewerepictures，eachpagehadtobepaintedbyhand，oneatatime.（每一本書都必須手工抄寫。如果有圖畫，每一頁都必須手工畫，一次畫一頁。）可知，書本很貴的原因是只能手工復(fù)制。故選B。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Italsousedamachinecalledapress.Gutenberg'sinventionsmadeprintingbecamefasterandeasier.（它還使用了一種叫做壓力印刷機(jī)的機(jī)器。古騰堡的發(fā)明使印刷術(shù)變得更快更容易。）可知，古騰堡發(fā)明了壓力印刷機(jī)。故選D。（4）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)onlytherichcouldbuy.（只有富人才能買。）可知，此處指的是很貴的東西，所以只有富人才買得起。所以luxury意為"奢侈品"。故選C。（5）段落大意題。根據(jù)Butwiththeprintingpress，theysoonbecameatreasureeveryonecouldenjoy.（但隨著印刷術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，它們很快就成了人人都能享用的珍寶。）以及通讀本段可知，本段主要說的是中國的活字印刷術(shù)。故選C。3．"Itmustbeperfect!"KariedoubleCheckedthewordsonherspellingtestbeforehandinginherpaper.Ifshegot100percenttodayshe'dwinherclass'sFirstQuarterSpellingChallengealongwithanewdictionaryandothercoolthings.What'smore，Ms.MeCormaskIhadpromisedtodoahandstandifanyonegotaperfectscore.Afterthebreak，Ms.McCormackwalkedtothefrontoftheroomandclearedherthroat（嗓子）."Congratulations，Karie!Youdidit!"Sheannouncedwhileupsidedown.Thewholeclasscheered.Ms.McCormackrightedherselfandpresentedKariewithherprize.Kaniesmiledasshereadthewordsonthebox：ToKarieCarter，forherperfectfirstQuarterscorespelling."Mum，everything'ssoperfect!"AssoonasKairewasathome，sheshowedMumherspellingtestandprize."Everywordissoperfect!Nicely，honestly..."Kare'sstomachfumbled（翻滾）.HONESLY!Nothonestly!"Karie，what'sthematter？"saidMum."Idon'tfeelsogood，"Kariesaid，stuffingthetestpaperintoherschoolbag.Kariewalkedslowlydownthehallandfellontoherbed.Howcouldshetelltheclassshehadn'twontheprizeafterall？McCormackdidthehandstandfornothing？SoonKarieheardherdadandKevinein.Thesmellofpizzafromthekitchenwasalovertheair.Kariethoughtbacktothelasttimethey'dpickeduppizza，afterKevin'sschoolplay.TheyhadalmostreachedhomewhenMomrealizedtheshopkeeperhadgiventhemtoomuchchange."Let'sturnaround，"Momhadsaid.McCormackwasunlockingtheclassroomdoorwhenKariegottoschoolthenextmorning.Shegaveherteacherthespellingpaperandthedictionary."Ican'tkeepthis.Imisspelledhonestlyandyoudidn'tcatchit."Foramoment，McCormackstoodquietlyreadingthewordsonthepaper.Thenshepickedupherpen.ShecrossedoutthewordperfectandwrotehonestbeforehandingthedictionarybacktoKarie.Karie'sjaw（下巴）dropped."Igettokeepthis？Honestly？""Forhonestly，no.""Butforhonesty，yes."（1）HowdidKariefeelwhenshehandedinherpaperafterthetest？CA.Calm.B.Bored.C.Confident.D.Worried.（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？BA.Karieneverthoughtshewouldeverwinthetest.B.Kariewassurprisedtoknowshecouldkeeptheprize.C.McCormackwassurethatsomeonewouldgetaperfectscore.D.McCormackdidn'tdoahandstandbecauseofKarie'smistake.（3）Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrecttimeorderoftheevents？Da.Karierealizedshehadmadeamistake.b.Karie'steacherdidahandlstand.C.Karie'smumreturnedthechange.d.Kariekepttheprizeforherhonesty.A.BADC.B.BACD.C.CABD.D.CBAD.（4）Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage？CA.APerfectGirlB.AHelpfulTeacherC.AnHonestMistakeD.AnImportantTest文章主旨：這篇短文主要講述了Karie主動(dòng)向老師坦白自己拼寫錯(cuò)誤的事情。答案詳解：（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Itmustbeperfect!"KariedoubleCheckedthewordsonherspellingtestbeforehandinginherpaper.（"一定很完美！"Karie在交卷之前仔細(xì)檢查了拼寫測試上的單詞。）可知，Karie在交測試紙的時(shí)候應(yīng)該是自信的。故選C。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Karie'sjawdropped."Igettokeepthis？Honestly？"（Karie的下巴掉了下來。"我可以保留這個(gè)？Honestly？）可知，Karie很驚訝她能保住這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)品。故選B。（3）細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第二段Sheannouncedwhileupsidedown.（她倒立著宣布。）第三段Kare'sstomachfumbled.HONESLY！Nothonestly?。↘are的胃在翻滾。HONESTLY！不是honestly！）第七段Kariethoughtbacktothelasttimethey'dpickeduppizza，afterKevin'sschoolplay.TheyhadalmostreachedhomewhenMomrealizedtheshopkeeperhadgiventhemtoomuchchange."Let'sturnaround，"Momhadsaid.（Karie回想起上次他們?nèi)ベI披薩是在凱文的學(xué)校演出之后。當(dāng)媽媽意識(shí)到店主給了他們太多零錢時(shí)，他們快到家了。"我們回去吧，"媽媽說。）以及倒數(shù)第三段ShecrossedoutthewordperfectandwrotehonestbeforehandingthedictionarybacktoKarie.（她劃掉了"完美"這個(gè)詞，寫了"誠實(shí)"，然后把字典還給了Karie。）可知，正確的順序應(yīng)為cBAD。故選D。（4）標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段"Forhonestly，no.""Butforhonesty，yes."（"因?yàn)閔onestly，不。""是因?yàn)閔onesty，是的。"）結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，主要講述了Karie主動(dòng)向老師坦白自己拼寫錯(cuò)誤的事情，可知，本文的標(biāo)題應(yīng)為"一個(gè)誠實(shí)的錯(cuò)誤"。故選C。4．Adoctorwasfamousforhisskills.Oncehemetalittlechildwhowasbadlyill.Thankstothedoctor'sskillandcare，hisyoungpatientgotwellandcouldgetupandrunagain.Thechild'smotherwasverythankfultothedoctor，andshevisitedhimtothankhimforwhathedidforherchild."Doctor，"shesaid，"yousavedmylittleson.Idon'tknowhowtothankyouenough.Ifeelthatmoneyalonecannotrepayyou，soImakethislittlepursewithmyownhands，asasignofmygratitude（感激）.Ihopeyouwillacceptit."Thedoctorstoodupandsaidcoldly，"Madam，alittlepresentlikethatisverynicebetweenfriends，butadoctorneedstobepaidproperlyforwhathehasdone."Theladywassosurprisedthatshecouldnotreplyforamoment.Thenshesaidquietly，"Perhapsyouwilltellmehowmuchyourfee（費(fèi)用）is.""Fiftypounds，"heanswered.TheladyopenedthelittlepurseandtookoutfourfiftyPoundbanknotes.Shegaveoneofthemtothedoctor，andputtheotherthreebackintothepurse.Sheputthepurseintoherhandbag，saidgoodbyetothedoctorandwentoutoftheroom.（1）Whywastheladythankfultothedoctor？CA.Becausehesavedherlife.B.Becauseheoftenvisitedher.C.Becausehesavedherson'slife.D.Becausehegavehersomemoney.（2）Whydidthedoctorrefusethelady'spurse？DA.Becausethepursewastooexpensive.B.Becausetheladywasnotkindtohim.C.Becausethepurseshouldbegivenbetweenfriends.D.Becausehethoughttheladygavehimthepursewithoutanymoneyinit.（3）Howdidtheladyfeelafterthedoctorrefusedherpurse？DA.Happy.B.Worried.C.Excited.D.Surprised.（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？DA.Thedoctorwasverykind.B.Theladywasunfriendlyandcold.C.Theladydidn'tpaythedoctoranymoney.D.Theladywantedtogivethedoctor200poundsatfirst.文章主旨：文章主要介紹了一位著名的醫(yī)生用其高超的醫(yī)術(shù)拯救了一位重病的小男孩，其媽媽為了感謝這位醫(yī)生，親手縫制了一個(gè)錢包要送給這個(gè)醫(yī)生，醫(yī)生卻拒絕了，要了50英鎊作為回報(bào)。答案詳解：（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thechild'smotherwasverythankfultothedoctor，andshevisitedhimtothankhimforwhathedidforherchild.（孩子的母親非常感謝醫(yī)生，她來看望他，感謝他為她的孩子所做的一切。）可知這位女士感謝醫(yī)生，因?yàn)樗攘怂齼鹤拥拿?。故選C。（2）細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)Thedoctorstoodupandsaidcoldly，"Madam，alittlepresentlikethatisverynicebetweenfriends，butadoctorneedstobepaidproperlyforwhathehasdone."（醫(yī)生站了起來，冷冷地說："太太，這樣的小禮物在朋友之間是很好的，但是醫(yī)生需要為他的所作所為得到應(yīng)有的報(bào)酬。"）可推斷出醫(yī)生拒絕接受這位女士的錢包，因?yàn)樗詾槟莻€(gè)女人給他的錢包里沒有錢。故選D。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Theladywassosurprisedthatshecouldnotreplyforamoment.（那位女士驚訝得一時(shí)說不出話來。）可知醫(yī)生拒絕了她的錢包后，這位女士感覺很驚訝。故選D。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)TheladyopenedthelittlepurseandtookoutfourfiftyPoundbanknotes.Shegaveoneofthemtothedoctor，andputtheotherthreebackintothepurse.（女士打開小錢包，拿出四張五十英鎊的鈔票。她把其中一張給了醫(yī)生，又把另外三張放回了錢包。）可推斷出這位女士一開始想給醫(yī)生200英鎊。故選D。5．Anewstudyhasfoundthatpeoplewholivedinancient（longago）Britainquicklyevolvedtodealwithalackofsunlight.Evolutioniswhenlivingthingschangeovertimetosurvive.JonathanTerhorstfromtheUniversityofMichiganandIainMathiesonfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania，bothintheUS，lookedatdatafromthegenesof529peoplewholivedinBritainoverthepast4，500years.DNAingenesisachemicalthatcarriesalltheinformationaboutyourbody.TheteamfoundthatthelevelsofvitaminDandcalciuminhumans'bodiesinBritainsuddenlyincreased.VitaminDisasubstancethathumansmakenaturallywhentheirskinisexposedtosunlight，andithelpsbonestogrowstraightandstrong.HumansevolvedinAfrica，wherethereisplentyofsunshine.However，whentheymovedtoplaceslikeBritain，wherethereisnotmuchsunlight，theywerefacedwithaproblemManyofthemcouldn'tmakemuchvitaminD.TheearliestarrivalsinBritaingotvitaminDbyeatingoilyfishbutpeoplegraduallymovedtogrowingcropsinsteadoffishing.Thismadethemshortoftheessentialvitamin.Theresearchersfoundthataroundthistime，humansinBritainquicklyevolvedtohavepaleskin，whichabsorbsmorelightformakingvitaminD.Thischangewasanexampleofnaturalselection，whichiswhenhardconditionsmakeparticulargenesneededforsurvival.Thosewhohavethegenesaremorelikelytosurviveandpasstheirgenesontothenextgeneration.YoucanalsomakeupforalackofvitaminDbyeatingmorecalcium，whichhelpsbonesgrow.Milkisasourceofcalciumbuttodigest（消化）ityouneedtomakeasubstanceinyourgutcalledlactase.Manypeopleacrosstheworldcan'tmakelactasewhentheygrowup.However，thestudyfoundthatearlypeopleinBritainevolvedtokeeponproducinglactaseevenasadults.ThismeanttheycouldcarryondrinkingmilkSotheykeptcows.Thisextracalcium，alongwiththeirpaleskin'suseofwhatsunshinetherewas，helpedthemsurvive.（1）InancientBritain，peopleevolvedinordertoC.A.HavepaleskinB.TakemorevitaminDC.GetusedtotheweatherD.Makemorelactasetodigestmilk（2）PeopleshouldD，iftheycannotgetenoughvitaminD.A.DrinklittlemilkB.ChangetheirgenesC.MovetoplaceslikeBritainD.Takepartinmoreoutdooractivities（3）BritishpeoplehavestrongerabilitiestoAthanmanypeopleallovertheworld.A.DigestmilkB.KeepcowsC.CatchoilyfishD.Changetheirgenes（4）Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderaccordingtothepassage？A①HumansevolvedinAfrica.②Britishpeopleevolvedtodigestmilkbetter.③Peoplestartedgrowingmorecropsinsteadoffishing.④BritishpeopleateoilyfishformorevitaminD.A.①④③②B.④②①③C.①③④②D.③①②④文章主旨：本文主要講述了英國人的進(jìn)化。答案詳解：（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Anewstudyhasfoundthatpeoplewholivedinancient（longago）Britainquicklyevolvedtodealwithalackofsunlight.（一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在古代英國的人們迅速進(jìn)化以應(yīng)對(duì)陽光不足。）可知，在古代英國，人們進(jìn)化是為了習(xí)慣這種天氣。故選C。（2）細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)VitaminDisasubstancethathumansmakenaturallywhentheirskinisexposedtosunlight，andithelpsbonestogrowstraightandstrong.（維生素D是人類皮膚暴露在陽光下時(shí)自然產(chǎn)生的一種物質(zhì)，它可以幫助骨骼變得筆直和強(qiáng)壯。）可知，如果人們不能獲得足夠的維生素D，就應(yīng)該多參加戶外活動(dòng)。故選D。（3）細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)Manypeopleacrosstheworldcan'tmakelactasewhentheygrowup.However，thestudyfoundthatearlypeopleinBritainevolvedtokeeponproducinglactaseevenasadults.（世界上許多人長大后不能制造乳糖酶。然而，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國的早期人類進(jìn)化到即使在成年后也能持續(xù)產(chǎn)生乳糖酶。）可推知，英國人有更強(qiáng)的消化牛奶的能力。故選A。（4）文章排序題。根據(jù)第三段HumansevolvedinAfrica，wherethereisplentyofsunshine.（人類在非洲進(jìn)化，那里陽光充足。）可知，①HumansevolvedinAfrica.（人類在非洲進(jìn)化。）排第一；根據(jù)TheearliestarrivalsinBritaingotvitaminDbyeatingoilyfishbutpeoplegraduallymovedtogrowingcropsinsteadoffishing.（最早到達(dá)英國的人通過吃油魚獲得維生素D，但人們逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向種植作物而不是捕魚。）可知，④BritishpeopleateoilyfishformorevitaminD.（英國人吃油魚是為了獲取更多的維生素d。）排第二；③Peoplestartedgrowingmorecropsinsteadoffishing.（人們開始種植更多的農(nóng)作物，而不是捕魚。）排第三；根據(jù)Manypeopleacrosstheworldcan'tmakelactasewhentheygrowup.However，thestudyfoundthatearlypeopleinBritainevolvedtokeeponproducinglactaseevenasadults.（世界上許多人長大后不能制造乳糖酶。然而，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國的早期人類進(jìn)化到即使在成年后也能持續(xù)產(chǎn)生乳糖酶。）可知，②Britishpeopleevolvedtodigestmilkbetter.（英國人進(jìn)化到更好的消化牛奶。）排第四。故選A。6．DetroitPublicRadioOnewayyoucanhelpDetroitPublicRadioisvolunteeringyourtimeduringoneofthestation'sfundRaisingevents，suchasWDET'sPledgeDrive.Wearealwayslookingforvolunteerstohelpthestation.TaichungPAWSAnyonewithaninterestinhelpinganimalsisweletojoinus，whetheryouwanttovolunteerforashorttimeoralongtime.Ifyouloveanimals，pleasejoinus!RNIBRNIBstudiesthecausesofblindnessandhelpspeoplepreventit.Italsooffersadviceoneyehealth.Moreover，RNIBrunsanonlineshop.Peoplecanhelpthecharitybydoingthevoluntaryworkorbuyingproductsonline.HeiferInternationalHeiferInternationalisacharitytoendworldhunger.Itgivessomeanimalstothefarmersinneed.Eachfarmermustgivehisanimal'sfirstfemalebabytoanotheroneinneed.Thecharityalsoprovidestrainingonanimals'healthandfeeding.（1）WhatisWDET'sPledgeDrive？CA.Aradiostation.B.Achildren'shospital.C.AfundRaisingevent.D.Aninternationalcharity.（2）IfDavidlovesanimalsalot，hemaybeinterestedinB.A.DetroitPublicRadioB.TaichungPAWSC.RNIBD.HeiferInternational（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？CA.Thefourorganizationsareallcharitiesforhumans.B.ThedoctorsatRNIBjustworktocurethediseasesofeyes.C.DetroitPublicRadioandTaichungPAWSarelookingforvolunteers.D.FarmersinHeiferInternationalmustgivealltheanimals'babiestoothers.文章主旨：文章以表格的形式向我們介紹了四個(gè)欄目，號(hào)召大家積極參與。答案詳解：（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DetroitPublicRadio一欄中oneofthestation'sfundRaisingevents，suchasWDET'sPledgeDrive.（電臺(tái)的募捐活動(dòng)之一，如WDET的認(rèn)捐活動(dòng)。）可知，WDET'sPledgeDrive是一個(gè)籌款活動(dòng)。故選C。（2）細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)TaichungPAWS一欄中Ifyouloveanimals，pleasejoinus!（如果你喜歡動(dòng)物，請(qǐng)加入我們?。┛芍?，熱愛動(dòng)物的David可能對(duì)TaichungPAWS感興趣。故選B。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)DetroitPublicRadio一欄中的Wearealwayslookingforvolunteerstohelpthestation.（我們一直在尋找志愿者來幫助車站。）和TaichungPAWS一欄中的whetheryouwanttovolunteerforashorttimeoralongtime.（無論你想做短期志愿者還是長期志愿者。）可知，DetroitPublicRadio和TaichungPAWS都在招募志愿者。則C項(xiàng)表述正確。故選C。7．Infrontofthehousetherewasabeach.Peterlikedtolieonthestand（看臺(tái)）whenthesunwaswarmingit.Fromthebackdoorofthehousehewouldwalkalongapathasfarasthesand，andstandbythewaterlookingatthesea.Whennothingveryinterestingwashappeningonthewater，hewouldgodownonhiskneesandtakeahandfulofsand.Throughhisfingersranthesanduntilonlysmallstonesandshellswereleft.Then，withalargesweepofhisarmandwithasmuchstrength（力氣）aspossible，Peterwouldthrowthemawayasfarashecould.Atothertimes，hewouldlieonhisbackandlookattheclouds，hishandsidly（漫不經(jīng)心地）searchingthesandathissides.Heneverstoppedplayingwiththesandandfeelingitrunthroughhisfingers.Helosthimselfinthechangesoftheclouds.Fromtimetotimesomefishingboatscamecloseenoughtothebeach.Petercouldseewhatthefishermenweredoing.Thenwithhishandsclasped（緊握）hewouldlookandlook，whilehiswholebodymovedwiththeboatfromsidetoside.Whenthefishermenpulledtheirnetsorthrewthemintothewater，Peterwoulddothesamewithanimaginary（想象的）netfromhisplaceonthebeach.Onthissmallbeach，Peterhadaworldofhisown.（1）ThispassagemainlytellsaboutC.A.ThebeachB.ThefishermenC.Peter'sloveforthebeachD.Thehousebythebeach（2）WhendidPeterlieonthesand？BA.Whenthesunwaswarmingthebeach.B.Whenthecloudswereflyingby.C.Whenfishermenwerethrowingthenets.D.Whenfishingboatswereingtothebeach.（3）WhatwasthelastthingPeterdid？BA.Hemovedhisbodyfromsidetoside.B.Hepulledandthrewhisnetinhismind.C.Hefeltthesandrunthroughhisfingers.D.Helookedattheboatswithhishandsclasped.文章主旨：這篇文章主要講述Peter對(duì)海灘的熱愛。答案詳解：（1）C.歸納總結(jié)題。根據(jù)文章"Onthissmallbeach，Peterhadaworldofhisown."（他在這個(gè)小海灘上，彼得有了自己的世界）可知，這篇文章主要講述Peter對(duì)海灘的熱愛。故選C。（2）B.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)句意"Atothertimes，hewouldlieonhisbackandlookattheclouds，hishandsidly（漫不經(jīng)心地）searchingthesandathissides.Heneverstoppedplayingwiththesandandfeelingitrunthroughhisfingers.Helosthimselfinthechangesoftheclouds."（有時(shí)，他會(huì)仰面躺著，看著云朵，雙手懶懶地在他身邊的沙子上搜尋。他一直在玩沙子，感覺沙子從他的手指里流出來。他在云層的變化中迷失了自我。）可知，當(dāng)云飛過的時(shí)候時(shí)候Peter躺在沙灘上的。故選B。（3）B.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)句意"Whenthefishermenpulledtheirnetsorthrewthemintothewater，Peterwoulddothesamewithanimaginary（想象的）netfromhisplaceonthebeach."（當(dāng)漁夫們拉網(wǎng)或把網(wǎng)扔進(jìn)水中時(shí)，Peter也會(huì)想象著他自己用同樣的方法做同樣的事情）可知，Peter做的最后一件事是想象著他拉著網(wǎng)或把網(wǎng)扔進(jìn)水中，故選B。8．It'sbeenwelloverayearsinceCOVID﹣19firstappeared.Althoughtheviruscontinuedtobeaprobleminmanypartsoftheworld，thingsarestartingtoturnbackinourfavorwiththehelpofvaccines（疫苗）.VaccinedevelopmentstartedinFebruary2020，whenitbecamecleartoscientiststhatasolutiontothepandemic（流行?。﹚ouldneedaglobalefforttovaccinateasmanypeopleaspossible.TheCOVAX（COVID﹣19vaccinesGlobalAccess）mechanism（機(jī)制）wasthencreatedtoensureequalaccesstosafeandeffectivevaccinesforallcountriesandregions，accordingtoBusinessWorld.Althoughtherehavebeenrumors（謠言）aboutvaccinesbeingunsafe，themajorityofpeopleseemtorealizetheimportanceofvaccinationforbuildingmassimmunity（大規(guī)模免疫）inordertostopthevirusfrombeingspread.ZhangWenhong，China'sleadingexpertsoninfectiousdiseases，saidit'sgoodthattheworldhasetounderstandthatvaccineswillprotectus，accordingtoGlobalTimes.Zhangaddedthathumanbeingsbelongtoonefamily.Vaccinesareakindofmedicinethatweallmustsha