浙江省寧波市三鋒教研聯盟2023-2024學年高一下學期4月期中英語試題

2023學年第二學期寧波三鋒教研聯盟期中聯考高一年級英語學科試題考生須知：1.本卷共10頁滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場號、座位號及準考證號并填涂相應數字。3.所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷上無效。4.考試結束后，只需上交答題紙。選擇題部分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Attheticketoffice.B.OnthephoneC.Atthewoman’shome.2.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Chatwiththewoman.B.Losesomeweight.C.Setupaprogram.3.HowoldisJack?A.38.B.43.C.48.4.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Mr.Jonesisbusynow.B.Mr.WilliamstakesoverMr.Jones’swork.C.ThemanmistookMr.WilliamsforMr.Jones.5.Whatbookarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Abookaboutfunnypictures.B.Abookaboutinterestingstories.C.Abookaboutbuildingsintheworld.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7兩個小題。6.Whereisthewomangoing?A.Herhome.B.Thelibrary.C.Thecinema.7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Themanisgoodatgeology.B.Themandoesn’thaveanyexamstomorrow.C.Thewomanisworriedabouthermathexam.聽下面一段對話，回答第8和第9兩個小題。8.Whywon’ttheboy’sfatherbehomefordinner?A.Heisworking.B.Heissickinhospital.C.Heiscaughtinanaccident.9.Whatistheboy’sfatherprobably?A.Afireman.B.Apoliceman.C.Adoctor.聽下面一段對話，回答第10和第12三個小題。10.Whatistheyellowscarfmadeof?A.Cotton.B.Silk.C.Wool.11.Whichscarfhasthemanbought?A.Theyellowone.B.Theblueone.C.Thewhiteone.12.Howmuchdoesthemanpayforthescarf?A.$79.B.$80.C.$72.聽下面一段對話，回答第13至第16四個小題。13.Whoisthewoman?A.Areporter.B.Anadvertiser.C.Amodel.14.Whatishardforthewoman?A.Toreducestress.B.Tomakefriends.C.Toperformonthestage.15.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Thewomanlikestraveling.BThewomanhasmanyfriends.C.Thewomandislikedbeingamodel.16.Whatdoesthewomansuggestintheend?A.Stickingtoyourdreams.B.Tryingtoinfluenceothers.C.Travelingaroundtheworld.聽下面一段獨白，回答第17至第20四個小題。17.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Importanceofmakingconversations.B.Waystoimprovemunicationskills.C.Methodsofgettingonwellwithothers.18Whatisthefirststeptomunicatewell?A.Listencarefullytowhatotherssay.B.Thinkaboutwhatyouwillsaynext.C.Repeatwhatotherpeoplehavesaid.19.Whatisthefirstthingtospeakwell?A.Focusonyourpoint.B.Speaknaturallyandbeconfident.C.Besuretobecalmandfortable.20.Howcanoneexpresstheviewsfreely?A.Smileallthetime.B.Askothers’opinions.C.Usesuitablewordsandexpressions.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AIntoday’sclassroom,homeworkispletednotonlywiththepenandpaper,butalsowithputersandcellphones.Howtomakethebestuseofsuchdigitalproductsisanimportantquestionforteachersandstudents.Thefollowingtopdigitalportfolioplatforms(作品集平臺)offerabroadrangeoffunctions.Mostimportantly,theyprovideawaytosharestudents’workwithpride.GoogleSitesCreatingadigitalportfoliocouldnotbeanyeasierthanGoogleSitesmakesit.Itletsstudentsquicklyputincontents,suchastext,images,videos,maps,andmuchmore.Useoneoftheprovidedsixthemesorcreateacustomone,andthenpublishitasapublicorrestrictedview(限制瀏覽的)site.SeesawforSchoolsDesignedforeducation,SeesawforSchoolsprovidesaplatformthroughwhichstudentspleteandshareschoolprojects.Byrecordingtheprocessofgraduallyimprovingtheirschoolwork,kidsgainasenseofmasteryandpride,soitispopularamongthem.Plus,parentscanbeinvolvedtoo—justdownloadtheSeesawFamilyapp.ArtsoniaArtsoniaislikeadreametrueforartmindedstudents:afree,safe,educationalspacethroughwhichstudentsshowtheirdigitalcreativity.Friendsandfamilycanview,mentonandbuyobjects.Thesitealsoprovidesapleteteachers’guide.JustcelebratetheartisticskillswithArtsonia!EdublogsOneoftheoldestandbestknownwebplatformsforeducation,EdublogsmakesiteasyforteachersandstudentstostartbuildingafreeWordPressplatform.Thefreeplanoffers1GBofstoragespace,classmanagementtools,andnoadvertising.AsetofeducatorguidesandmunityparticipationisanotherbigplusforEdublogs.1.WhatisspecialaboutGoogleSites?A.Itletsstudentslearnfromothers’work.B.Itiscontrolledbyeducatorsforsafety.C.Itoffersstudentsonlinepublishingrightsforfree.D.Itallowsstudentstocreatecontentsindifferentforms.2.WhyisSeesawforSchoolspopularamongkids?A.Ithelpschecktheirschoolwork.B.Itcantracktheirprogress.C.Itrequiresteamworkwithparents.D.Itprotectstheirpersonalinformationwell.3.WhatdoArtsoniaandEdublogshaveinmon?A.Theyofferprofessionaladvice.B.Theyrequiresupportfromteachersandparents.C.Theyremindstudentstohandinhomeworkontime.D.Theycanstorelargeamountsofinformation.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【導語】本文為應用文。文章主要介紹了可以分享學生作業(yè)的幾個數字投資組合平臺。1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據GoogleSites部分中的“Itletsstudentsquicklyputincontents,suchastext,images,videos,maps,andmuchmore.(它允許學生快速輸入內容，比如文本、圖像、視頻、地圖等等。)”可知，GoogleSites允許學生創(chuàng)建不同形式的內容。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據SeesawforSchools部分中的“Designedforeducation,SeesawforSchoolsprovidesaplatformthroughwhichstudentspleteandshareschoolprojects.Byrecordingtheprocessofgraduallyimprovingtheirschoolwork,kidsgainasenseofmasteryandpride,soitispopularamongthem.(SeesawforSchools專為教育設計，為學生提供了一個完成和分享學校項目的平臺。通過記錄他們逐漸改進作業(yè)的過程，孩子們獲得了一種掌控感和自豪感，所以在他們中很受歡迎)”可知，SeesawforSchools可以跟蹤他們的進度，所以受孩子們的歡迎。故選B。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據Artsonia部分中的“Thesitealsoprovidesapleteteachers’guide.JustcelebratetheartisticskillswithArtsonia!(網站還提供了一個完整的教師指南。用藝術的技巧來慶祝吧!)”以及Edublogs部分中的“AsetofeducatorguidesandmunityparticipationisanotherbigplusforEdublogs.(一套教育工作者指南和社區(qū)參與是Edublogs的另一大優(yōu)勢)”可知，Artsonia和Edublogs的共同之處是他們提供專業(yè)建議。故選A。BIsatinthecornerofmyfavoriteBostonbookstore,openedmylaptopandwrote.TenminutesagoIorderedcoffee.Theserver—ayoungwomanwithabroadsmile—pausedandquietlysaid,“IjustwanttotellyouhowmuchyourTEDtalkmeanttome—howmuchitinspiredme.Acoupleofyearsagomyprofessorshowedusthevideoinaclass.NowI’mapplyingtomedicalschool,andIjustwantyoutoknowIstoodinthebathroomlikeWonderWomanbeforeItookmyMCAT(MedicalCollegeAdmissionTest),anditreallyhelped.SoIjustwanttosaythanks.”Tearsinmyeyes,Iasked,“What’syourname?”“Fetaine,”shesaid.ThiskindofinteractionhappensfarmorefrequentlythanI’deverhaveimagined:astrangerwarmlygreetsme,sharesapersonalstoryaboutsuccessfullydealingwithabigchallenge,andthensimplythanksmeformypartinit.They’rewomenandmen,oldandyoung,strugglingandwealthy.Butsomethingconnectsthem:allhavefeltpowerlessinthefaceofgreatpressureandanxiety,andallhavediscoveredaremarkablysimplewaytoreleasethemselvesfromthatfeelingofpowerlessness.Formostauthors,thebookesfirst,thentheresponses.Forme,itwastheotherwayaround.First,Iwrotesomescholarlyarticles,whichnooneeverread;theyinspiredatalkIdeliveredattheTEDGlobalConferencein2012.Init,IdiscussedresearchIhaddonethatyieldedanoddandunexpectedfindingabouthowourbodiesinfluenceourbrains.Asaresultofthisresearch,Iwasabletodescribeatechnique—thatWonderWomaninthebathroomthingFetainementioned...thatcanquicklyincreaseourconfidenceanddecreaseouranxietyinchallengingsituations.Immediatelyafterthe21minutevideoofthetalkwaspostedontheInternet,Ibeganhearingfrompeoplewhohadseenit.Ofcourse,myspeechdidn’tmagicallygiveFetainetheknowledgesheneededtodowellontheMCAT.Butitmayhavereleasedherfromthefearthatcouldhavepreventedherfromexpressingthethingssheknew.4.WhathappenedintheBostonbookstore?A.Theauthorencounteredafriend.B.Aserverinspiredtheauthor’sTEDtalk.C.Awaitressexpressedhergratitudetotheauthor.D.Theauthorwaitedfortheservertoshareherstory.5.Whatdidthosepeopleapproachingtheauthorhaveinmon?A.Theywerelosersinlife.B.Theyoncefacedproblemsandfelthelpless.C.Theysharedstoriesofmanystrangers.D.Theylookedforwardtointeractingwithothers.6.Whatmaybethethemeoftheauthor’stalkin2012?A.Howtoincreaseconfidence. B.Howtooverespeechanxiety.C.Howtofindunexpectedthingsinlife. D.Howtoconductscientificexperiments.7.HowdidtheauthorinfluenceFetaineintheauthor’seyes?A.SheadvisedFetainetotaketheMCAT.B.ShegaveFetainetheknowledgesheneeded.C.ShefreedFetainefromthefearoftellingthetruth.D.ShehelpedFetainegatherthecouragetopresentherself.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者TED的演講視頻幫助了很多人，其中包括服務員Fetaine?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段的“Theserver—ayoungwomanwithabroadsmile—pausedandquietlysaid,“IjustwanttotellyouhowmuchyourTEDtalkmeanttome—howmuchitinspiredme.Acoupleofyearsagomyprofessorshowedusthevideoinaclass.NowI’mapplyingtomedicalschool,andIjustwantyoutoknowIstoodinthebathroomlikeWonderWomanbeforeItookmyMCAT(MedicalCollegeAdmissionTest),anditreallyhelped.SoIjustwanttosaythanks.”(服務員是一位笑容燦爛的年輕女士，她停頓了一下，平靜地說：“我只想告訴你，你的TED演講對我有多重要——它給了我多大的啟發(fā)。幾年前，我的教授在課堂上給我們看了這個視頻?，F在我正在申請醫(yī)學院，我只是想讓你知道，在我參加醫(yī)學院入學考試（MCAT）之前，我像神奇女俠一樣站在浴室里，這真的很有幫助。所以我只想說聲謝謝?！?”可知，在波士頓書店，一位女服務員表達了她對作者的感謝。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段的“Butsomethingconnectsthem:allhavefeltpowerlessinthefaceofgreatpressureandanxiety,andallhavediscoveredaremarkablysimplewaytoreleasethemselvesfromthatfeelingofpowerlessness.(但有些東西將他們聯系在一起：面對巨大的壓力和焦慮，他們都感到無能為力，他們都發(fā)現了一種非常簡單的方法來釋放自己的無能為力感。)”可知，這些接近作者的人的共同點是他們曾經遇到問題，感到無助。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段的“First,Iwrotesomescholarlyarticles,whichnooneeverread;theyinspiredatalkIdeliveredattheTEDGlobalConferencein2012.Init,IdiscussedresearchIhaddonethatyieldedanoddandunexpectedfindingabouthowourbodiesinfluenceourbrains.Asaresultofthisresearch,Iwasabletodescribeatechnique—thatWonderWomaninthebathroomthingFetainementioned...thatcanquicklyincreaseourconfidenceanddecreaseouranxietyinchallengingsituations.(首先，我寫了一些學術文章，但從來沒有人讀過;它們激發(fā)了我在2012年TED全球大會上的演講。在這篇文章中，我討論了我所做的一項研究，該研究得出了一個奇怪而意外的發(fā)現，即我們的身體是如何影響我們的大腦的。作為這項研究的結果，我能夠描述一種技術——范登提到的浴室里的神奇女俠……這可以迅速增加我們的信心，減少我們在充滿挑戰(zhàn)的情況下的焦慮。)”可知，作者2012年的演講主題可能是如何增強信心。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Theserver—ayoungwomanwithabroadsmile—pausedandquietlysaid,“IjustwanttotellyouhowmuchyourTEDtalkmeanttome—howmuchitinspiredme.Acoupleofyearsagomyprofessorshowedusthevideoinaclass.NowI’mapplyingtomedicalschool,andIjustwantyoutoknowIstoodinthebathroomlikeWonderWomanbeforeItookmyMCAT(MedicalCollegeAdmissionTest),anditreallyhelped.SoIjustwanttosaythanks.”(服務員是一位笑容燦爛的年輕女士，她停頓了一下，平靜地說：“我只想告訴你，你的TED演講對我有多重要——它給了我多大的啟發(fā)。幾年前，我的教授在課堂上給我們看了這個視頻?，F在我正在申請醫(yī)學院，我只是想讓你知道，在我參加醫(yī)學院入學考試（MCAT）之前，我像神奇女俠一樣站在浴室里，這真的很有幫助。所以我只想說聲謝謝?！?”以及最后一段“Ofcourse,myspeechdidn’tmagicallygiveFetainetheknowledgesheneededtodowellontheMCAT.Butitmayhavereleasedherfromthefearthatcouldhavepreventedherfromexpressingthethingssheknew.(當然，我的演講并沒有神奇地教給菲丹在MCAT考試中取得好成績所需的知識。但這可能讓她從恐懼中解脫出來，這種恐懼可能會阻止她表達她所知道的事情。)”可知，作者給了Fetaine面對未來的勇氣。故選D。CEveryApril22peopleetogethertotakeactionthatwillprotecttheenvironment.OnethemeofEarthDayis“Invest(投資)InOurPlanet”.Sohowisinvestmentinecoinnovationhelpingtodeliveramoresustainablefuture?Whenitestotheenvironment,itcanbearguedthatthetechnologyindustryisboththeproblemandthesolution.Techisresponsibleforbetween3.5%and4%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions(排放物).AndtheEUbelievestheInformationandmunicationTechnology(ICT)sectorisresponsiblefor10%ofallelectricityconsumption.Ontheotherhand,weallwantasustainablefuturefortheplanet.Yetwealsowanttheconvenienceandfunofmodernliving.Obviously,onlyecoinnovationcandeliverthesolutions.Ecoinnovationisthekeytodoingmorewithless.Allovertheworld,andacrossmanydifferentindustries,innovatorsareworkingtoreducethehumanfootprintwhileimprovingproductivity.Innovativefarmingisagoodexample.Untilrecently,mostagriculturalimprovementsfocusedonthedevelopmentofmachines.Nowdigitaltoolsarecausinganewwaveofefficiency.Innovativefarmingpanieslooktoincreasefarmefficiencyandreduceinputwastethroughfarmingtechniques.Andtheyareusingrealtimedeviceslocatedinthefieldorinequipment.Thedatacollectedbythesedeviceshelpfarmersmakebetterdecisionsaboutwheretoprovideeffortandresourceswhilereducingtheenvironmentalfootprint.Aspeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotectioncontinuestoincrease,thetechindustryneedstokeepworkingontheinventionslikethosedescribedabove.Thesebreakthroughswillhelpusalltodomorewithless.Also,techpaniesarefacingcallstokeeptheirownhousesinorder.Lawmakersandconsumerswantthemtousefewermaterialsintheproductionprocessandrethinktheirapproachtorecyclingandwaste.Thegoodnewsisthatgovernmentsandecoinnovativepanieshavealreadycarriedoutamajorcleanupmission.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetechnologyindustryaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Itcontributestosavingelectricity.B.Itwillchangeourtraditionalwayoflife.C.Itbenefitsanddamagestheenvironment.D.Itisamajorcauseofgreenhousegasemissions.9.Whichofthefollowingplaysanimportantroleinagriculturalimprovement?A.Theuseofdigitalequipment. B.Thetrainingoffarmers.C.Thecollectionofresources. D.Theinventionofmachines.10.Whataretechpaniesexpectedtodo?A.Buildmoregreenhouses. B.Meetthemarketrequirements.C.Watchtheirenvironmentalbehavior. D.Changetheirmanagementstyle.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThelongtermgoalofEarthDayB.ModernfarmingandtechnologicalchangeC.ThekeytothedevelopmentoftechnologyindustryD.Ecoinnovationandenvironmentalprotection【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。文章主要討論了投資生態(tài)創(chuàng)新如何有助于實現更可持續(xù)的未來，特別是從科技行業(yè)的角度進行探討?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Whenitestotheenvironment,itcanbearguedthatthetechnologyindustryisboththeproblemandthesolution.Techisresponsibleforbetween3.5%and4%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions(排放物).AndtheEUbelievestheInformationandmunicationTechnology(ICT)sectorisresponsiblefor10%ofallelectricityconsumption.Ontheotherhand,weallwantasustainablefuturefortheplanet.Yetwealsowanttheconvenienceandfunofmodernliving.Obviously,onlyecoinnovationcandeliverthesolutions.(說到環(huán)境，可以說科技產業(yè)既是問題又是解決方案?？萍夹袠I(yè)的溫室氣體排放量占全球溫室氣體排放量的3.5%至4%。歐盟認為，信息和通信技術(ICT)部門的用電量占總用電量的10%。另一方面，我們都希望地球有一個可持續(xù)的未來。然而，我們也想要現代生活的便利和樂趣。顯然，只有生態(tài)創(chuàng)新才能提供解決方案)”可知，我們可以了解到科技行業(yè)有益于環(huán)境，也會破壞環(huán)境。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段“Untilrecently,mostagriculturalimprovementsfocusedonthedevelopmentofmachines.Nowdigitaltoolsarecausinganewwaveofefficiency.Innovativefarmingpanieslooktoincreasefarmefficiencyandreduceinputwastethroughfarmingtechniques.Andtheyareusingrealtimedeviceslocatedinthefieldorinequipment.Thedatacollectedbythesedeviceshelpfarmersmakebetterdecisionsaboutwheretoprovideeffortandresourceswhilereducingtheenvironmentalfootprint.(直到最近，大多數農業(yè)改進都集中在機器的發(fā)展上。現在，數字工具正在引發(fā)新的效率浪潮。創(chuàng)新農業(yè)公司希望通過農業(yè)技術提高農業(yè)效率，減少投入浪費。他們使用現場或設備中的實時設備。這些設備收集的數據可以幫助農民更好地決定在減少環(huán)境足跡的同時，在哪里投入精力和資源)”可知，數字設備的使用在農業(yè)改良中起重要作用。故選A項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Aspeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotectioncontinuestoincrease,thetechindustryneedstokeepworkingontheinventionslikethosedescribedabove.Thesebreakthroughswillhelpusalltodomorewithless.Also,techpaniesarefacingcallstokeeptheirownhousesinorder.Lawmakersandconsumerswantthemtousefewermaterialsintheproductionprocessandrethinktheirapproachtorecyclingandwaste.Thegoodnewsisthatgovernmentsandecoinnovativepanieshavealreadycarriedoutamajorcleanupmission.(隨著人們環(huán)保意識的不斷提高，科技行業(yè)需要繼續(xù)致力于上述發(fā)明。這些突破將幫助我們用更少的資源做更多的事情。此外，科技公司也面臨著管好自己內部事務的呼聲。立法者和消費者希望他們在生產過程中使用更少的材料，并重新考慮他們回收和廢物的方法。好消息是，政府和生態(tài)創(chuàng)新公司已經開展了一項重大的清理任務)”可知，科技公司需要著管好自己內部事務，使用更少的材料，所以科技公司應該觀察他們的環(huán)境行為。故選C項。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“EveryApril22peopleetogethertotakeactionthatwillprotecttheenvironment.OnethemeofEarthDayis“Invest(投資)InOurPlanet”.Sohowisinvestmentinecoinnovationhelpingtodeliveramoresustainablefuture?(每年4月22日，人們聚集在一起采取行動保護環(huán)境。地球日的主題之一是“投資我們的星球”。那么，對生態(tài)創(chuàng)新的投資如何有助于實現更可持續(xù)的未來呢?)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了科技行業(yè)對環(huán)境有好處也有壞處，指出生態(tài)創(chuàng)新對改善環(huán)境最重要，所以D項“Ecoinnovationandenvironmentalprotection(生態(tài)創(chuàng)新與環(huán)境保護)”是本文最好的標題。故選D項。DInafascinatingdiscovery,westernlowlandgorillas(大猩猩)atZooAtlantahavebeencaughtsummoningtheirkeepersusingastrangecoughsneezemixture,whichresearchershavecalleda“snough”.Onlytwootherspecieshavedisplayedthisabilitytocreatenewvocalizationstoattractourattention:zoohousedchimpanzeesandorangutans.Now,wecanaddgorillastothatlist.Asmanyofusknow,Kokoputaspotlightongorillaintelligenceinthe1980sand1990swithherincredibleabilitytomunicatewithhumansusingsignlanguage.Shewastrainedandworkedhardatit,butnowitseemsgorillashavetakenituponthemselvestoestablishuniquemunicationwithusintheirownway.RobertaSalmi,abiologicalanthropologistattheUniversityofGeorgia,andcolleaguesrananexperimenttoconfirmthepurposeofthe“snough”,byplacingeightofthezoo’sgorillasinthreedifferentsituations.Inthefirst,onlythekeeperwaspresent;inthesecondonlythefoodwaspresent;inthefinalone,thekeeperwasholdingthefood.Thefoodandkeeperwereinsightbutoutofreach.Thegorillasinvolvedusedthe“snough”vocalizationmostwhentherewasahumanpresentwithfood,indicatingthecallislikelyanattempttogetthekeeper’sattention.Thisplexvocallearning—theabilitytoproduceuniquecalls—israreintheanimalkingdomandconfirmedonlyinsomespeciesofbirds,batsandelephants.Buttheyalldosobyimitating.Theanalysisshowedthegorilla’s“snough”isauniquesound,notanimitation—althoughtheyarecertainlycapableofimitatingusinotherways.“Theseresultsdemonstratethatgorillascanchangetheircallstoproduceanovelsoundandfurthermoreconfirmthattheycanproducetheircallsandgesturesintentionallytochangetheattentionstateoftheircaregiver,”theteamconcludedintheirpaper.We’veclearlylongunderestimatedthesecleversouls.12.Whichofthefollowingcanreplace“summoning”underlinedinparagraph1?A.pleasing B.calling C.finding D.warning13.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheresearch?A.Byorderingthegorillastomakethe“snough”vocalization.B.Bytrainingthegorillastoattracttheirkeepers’attention.C.Byparingthegorillas’reactionsindifferentsituations.D.Bygatheringinformationaboutthegorillasfromtheirkeepers.14.Whydoestheauthormentionsomeotheranimalsinparagraph4?A.Toillustrategorillascanimitatehumansinotherways.B.Toconfirmonlygorillashavetheabilitytoproduceuniquecalls.C.Toprovetheanimalscanproduceuniquecallsthroughimitation.D.Toshowgorillas’abilitytoinventthenewvocalizationisunmon.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresearch?A.Someanimalshavetheabilitytomakenewsounds.B.Gorillascancreateanewsoundtodrawzookeepers’attention.C.Someintelligentanimalstrytoattractattentionbyimitating.D.Gorillasareabletomunicatewithhumansusinguniquegestures.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.B【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。這篇文章主要介紹了一項關于大猩猩的獨特交流方式的研究發(fā)現?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據后文“Onlytwootherspecieshavedisplayedthisabilitytocreatenewvocalizationstoattractourattention:zoohousedchimpanzeesandorangutans.Now,wecanaddgorillastothatlist.(之前只有另外兩種物種表現出了創(chuàng)造新的發(fā)聲來吸引我們注意力的能力：圈養(yǎng)的黑猩猩和紅毛猩猩?，F在，我們可以將大猩猩也加入這個名單)”可知，發(fā)出聲音是為了吸引人們注意，所以推知summoning應是“召喚，呼喚”之意，和B項意思相近。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“RobertaSalmi,abiologicalanthropologistattheUniversityofGeorgia,andcolleaguesrananexperimenttoconfirmthepurposeofthe“snough”,byplacingeightofthezoo’sgorillasinthreedifferentsituations.Inthefirst,onlythekeeperwaspresent;inthesecondonlythefoodwaspresent;inthefinalone,thekeeperwasholdingthefood.Thefoodandkeeperwereinsightbutoutofreach.Thegorillasinvolvedusedthe“snough”vocalizationmostwhentherewasahumanpresentwithfood,indicatingthecallislikelyanattempttogetthekeeper’sattention.(羅伯塔·薩爾米（RobertaSalmi）是喬治亞大學的生物人類學家，她和同事進行了一項實驗，通過將動物園中的八只大猩猩置于三種不同的情境下來證實“snough”的作用。第一種情境是只有飼養(yǎng)員在場；第二種是只有食物在場；最后一種是飼養(yǎng)員拿著食物。食物和飼養(yǎng)員都在視線范圍內，但無法觸及。參與實驗的大猩猩在有人拿著食物在場的情況下使用“snough”發(fā)聲最多，這表明這種叫聲很可能是試圖引起飼養(yǎng)員的注意)”可知，研究人員是通過比較大猩猩在不同情況下的反應進行這項研究的。故選C項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段“Thisplexvocallearning—theabilitytoproduceuniquecalls—israreintheanimalkingdomandconfirmedonlyinsomespeciesofbirds,batsandelephants.Buttheyalldosobyimitating.Theanalysisshowedthegorilla’s“snough”isauniquesound,notanimitation—althoughtheyarecertainlycapableofimitatingusinotherways.(這種復雜的發(fā)聲學習——即發(fā)出獨特叫聲的能力——在動物界是罕見的，目前僅在部分鳥類、蝙蝠和大象中得到證實。但它們都是通過模仿來發(fā)聲的。分析表明，大猩猩的“snough”是一種獨特的聲音，而非模仿而來的，盡管它們確實能夠以其他方式模仿我們)”可知，作者在本段提到了其他一些動物是為了展示大猩猩發(fā)明新發(fā)聲的能力是不尋常的。故選D項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段““Theseresultsdemonstratethatgorillascanchangetheircallstoproduceanovelsoundandfurthermoreconfirmthattheycanproducetheircallsandgesturesintentionallytochangetheattentionstateoftheircaregiver,”theteamconcludedintheirpaper.We’veclearlylongunderestimatedthesecleversouls.(“這些結果證明了大猩猩可以通過改變自己的叫聲來產生新的聲音，并進一步證實，它們可以有意識地通過叫聲和手勢來改變看護者的注意力狀態(tài)，”研究團隊在他們的論文中總結道。長期以來，我們顯然低估了這些聰明的靈魂)”可知，大猩猩可以創(chuàng)造一種新的聲音來吸引動物園管理員的注意。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Takingexercisecanbeboring.Thegoodnewsisthattherearesometipswhichwecanapplytooureverydayfitnessroutines?Haveanobjective.Whenwe’replayingagame,there’salwaysanobjective.Ithelpsusfocusonthetaskathandandmotivatesustokeepplayinguntilwewinthegame.Exerciseshouldbenodifferent.Createaclearfitnessgoal.____16____.?Addanelementofwhimsy(奇思妙想)Somepeoplelovevideogamesbecausethere’salotofunexpectednessandsurprise.____17____.Takephotosofatleast5differentflowersonaneighborhoodwalk.Rideabikefromonefriend’shousetoanother.?____18____Inastudy,ateamofresearcherschallenged602overweightworkersfromasinglepanytotakepartinasteptrackingchallenge.Thegroupaskedtopeteagainstotherworkersendedupwalkingmorestepsthananyothergroupsinthestudy.Ifwe’reseekingasimilarmotivation,lookintofitnessprogramsthatencouragefriendlypetition.?Teamupwithothers.____19____.Inthatsamestudy,anothergroupofworkerswasaskedtodivideintoteamsofthree.Eachday,onememberofthegroupwasselectedtorepresenttheentireteamwithhis/herindividualstepcountoftheday.Thisapproachencouragedeachmemberofthegrouptotrytoachievetheday’sstepgoal.____20____.Wecantrytobeenergeticbyworkingtowardsanexercisegoaltogetherwithotherpeople.A.peteagainstothers.B.Aimtowalk10,000stepsaday,forexample.C.Playagainstafriendtogetpetitive.D.Noonewantedtolettheirteammembersdown.E.Andthereareplentyofdigitaltoolsthatcanhelpwiththis.F.Wecancopythesefeaturesintoourownfitnessgamedesigns.G.Gettingagrouptoworktogetherisalsoaneffectiveway.【答案】16.B17.F18.A19.G20.D【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了如何通過將一些策略應用于日常健身活動中，使鍛煉變得有趣而不枯燥。【16題詳解】根據前文“Whenwe’replayingagame,there’salwaysanobjective.Ithelpsusfocusonthetaskathandandmotivatesustokeepplayinguntilwewinthegame.Exerciseshouldbenodifferent.Createaclearfitnessgoal.(當我們在玩游戲時，總是有一個目標。它幫助我們專注于手頭的任務，激勵我們繼續(xù)比賽，直到我們贏得比賽。鍛煉也不例外。制定一個明確的健身目標)”可知，本段主要講述了為鍛煉設立一個目標，所以B項“Aimtowalk10,000stepsaday,forexample.(例如，目標是每天走1萬步)”是對前文的舉例，符合文意。故選B項。【17題詳解】根據前文“Somepeoplelovevideogamesbecausethere’salotofunexpectednessandsurprise.(有些人喜歡電子游戲是因為那里有很多意外和驚喜)”可知，本段主要講述在鍛煉途中安排一些驚喜，所以F項“Wecancopythesefeaturesintoourownfitnessgamedesigns.(我們可以將這些功能復制到自己的健身游戲設計中)”是對前文的進一步說明，符合文意。故選F項?！?8題詳解】分析設空，為本段小標題，根據后文“Inastudy,ateamofresearcherschallenged602overweightworkersfromasinglepanytotakepartinasteptrackingchallenge.Thegroupaskedtopeteagainstotherworkersendedupwalkingmorestepsthananyothergroupsinthestudy.Ifwe’reseekingasimilarmotivation,lookintofitnessprogramsthatencouragefriendlypetition.(在一項研究中，一組研究人員讓來自同一家公司的602名超重員工參加一項步數追蹤挑戰(zhàn)。被要求與其他工人競爭的那一組最終比研究中任何其他組走的步數都要多。如果我們也在尋找類似的動機，那就看看鼓勵友好競爭的健身項目吧)”可知，本段主要講述了，可以和他人競爭來激勵自己，所以A項“peteagainstothers.(與他人競爭)”符合本段主題，為本段小標題。故選A項。【19題詳解】位于段首，為本段中心句，根據本段小標題“Teamupwithothers.(與他人合作)”可知，本段主要講述和他人合作一起鍛煉，所以G項“Gettingagrouptoworktogetherisalsoaneffectiveway.(讓一群人一起工作也是一種有效的方法)”符合本段主題，是對小標題的進一步說明。故選G項?！?0題詳解】根據前文“Inthatsamestudy,anothergroupofworkerswasaskedtodivideintoteamsofthree.Eachday,onememberofthegroupwasselectedtorepresenttheentireteamwithhis/herindividualstepcountoftheday.Thisapproachencouragedeachmemberofthegrouptotrytoachievetheday’sstepgoal.(在同一項研究中，另一組工人被要求分成三人一組。每天，小組中選出一名成員代表整個團隊，并提供他/她當天的個人步數。這種方法鼓勵小組的每個成員都努力實現當天的步驟目標)”可知，D項“Noonewantedtolettheirteammembersdown.(沒有人想讓他們的團隊成員失望)”是在解釋，前文提到的方法奏效的原因，符合文意。故選D項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。I’mnotagoodtraveler.Withoutcuriositytogetoutand____21____,travelinghasneverbeenmystrongpoint.SightseeingisnotanexperiencethatIfind____22____:whenit’stoohot,I’munfortable;whenit’stoocold,I’munfortable.Notknowingwhatthefoodwillbelikeatnewplaceshasalwaysmademe____23____.ItwouldbekindtosaythatIhavealowsenseof____24____.SoIwas____25____aboutdoingatravelshowthatcenteredonpushingmy____26____.Butitjustgoestoshowthatwe’renevertoooldto____27____ourselves.SouthAfricawasthebiggestsurprise.Ihadneverreally____28____togoonsafari(觀獸