2024高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一部分教材知識(shí)突破選修八Unit1Alandofdiversity學(xué)案新人教版

PAGE?選修八Unit1———————————?基礎(chǔ)盤點(diǎn)·自測(cè)自評(píng)?———————————eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)詞匯)閱讀單詞快速排查本單元閱讀詞匯并在不相識(shí)的詞匯前劃√□straitn．□Arcticadj.□ministryn．□shavevi.&vt.□vicen．&adj.□federaladj.□aircraftn．□nephewn．□tramn．□cattlen．□bakeryn．□ferryn．&vt.□seagulln．□mournvt.&vi.□authorityn．□railn．□nowhereadv.□brakevi.&vt.□polen．□fascinatingadj.核心單詞1.occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)2.graspvt.&n．抓??；抓緊；駕馭；領(lǐng)悟3.reformvt.&vi.改革；革新n．改革；改造；改良4.hirevt.&n．租用；雇用5.thoughtfuladj.關(guān)切的；愛(ài)護(hù)的；深思的6.justicen．正義；公允7.insertvt.嵌入；插入8.despiteprep.盡管；不管9.hardshipn．苦難；困苦10.luggagen．行李(〈美〉baggage)11.thankfuladj.感謝的；感謝的12.boomn.(人口、貿(mào)易的)旺盛vi.處于經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展時(shí)期13.civiladj.公民的；國(guó)內(nèi)的；民間的拓展單詞1.distinctadj.清楚的；明顯的；明確的→distinctionn．差別；區(qū)分；卓著2.immigrantn.(從外國(guó)移入的)移民→immigratevi.移入(外國(guó)定居)→immigrationn．移民；移居入境3._meansn．手段；方法→meanv．意味著adj.吝嗇的→meaningn．意思；意義(拓展速記1)4.majorityn．大多數(shù)；大半→majoradj.主要的vi.主修n．專業(yè)→minorityn．少數(shù)5.electvt.選擇；確定做某事；選舉某人→electionn．選舉6.crossingn．橫渡；橫越；十字路口；人行橫道→crossvi.橫過(guò)7.applicantn．申請(qǐng)人→applyvi.&vt.申請(qǐng)→applicationn．申請(qǐng)書；申請(qǐng)8.indicatevt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；示意→indicatorn．指示者；指示器→indicationn．指示；表明9.apparentadj.自不待言的；明顯的；表面上的→apparentlyadv.明顯地；自不待言地10.fascinatingadj.迷人的；吸引人的→fascinatedadj.著迷的；被深深吸引的→fascinatevi.入迷vt.使著迷；使神魂顛倒→fascinationn．魅力；魔力；入迷11.punishmentn．懲罰；懲處→punishv．懲罰；懲處[語(yǔ)境活用]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.HeindicatedthatIshouldgivehimsomeindicationsofhowIdidinthetest.(indicate)2.Apparently,shetooknonoticeoftheapparentmistakesintheaccident.(apparent)3.AlltheapplicantscanapplyinpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheirapplicationsbeforeMay5th.(apply)4.ItisbadnewsfortheimmigrantsthattheUKmadenewlawstorestrictimmigration.ThosewhowanttoimmigratetotheUKmustfulfillmorerequirements.(immigrate)5.Hewontheelectionandwaselectedpresidentofthecountry.(elect)6.Theresultsofthesurveyfellintodistinctgroups.Theoldwerescholarsofgreatdistinctionwhiletheyoungweretheopposite.(distinct)7.OneofthemajorproblemsisthatamajorityofthegraduateswhomajorinEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob.(majority)8.“Walkacrossthisstreetandturnleftatthefirstcrossing，”theboytoldthelady.(cross)走進(jìn)高考1.means熟義：n.手段；方法生義：n.財(cái)寶；錢財(cái)Arethemonthlyrepaymentswithinyourmeans(＝Canyouaffordthem)？2.distinct熟義：adj.清楚的；明顯的；明確的生義：adj.迥然不同的；有區(qū)分的TherearetwodistinctgroupsofpeoplewithintheUKfigures.eq\a\vs4\al(高頻短語(yǔ))1.liveon接著存在；接著生存2.bymeansof...用……方法；借助……3.makealife習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等4.keepup堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)5.backtoback背靠背6.teamupwith...與……合作或一起工作7.markout用線畫出范圍；標(biāo)出……界線8.takein包括；汲??；理解；欺瞞(拓展速記2，3)9.agreat/goodmany很多；很多10.applyfor申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到[語(yǔ)境活用]用左欄短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Hediedtenyearsago,buthismemoryliveson.2.Thethiefhadwantedtoescapebymeansofasecrettunnel,butwascaught.3.Onthewaytothehotel,Iaskedhimagreatmanyquestions.4.Hepreferredtogointobusinessaloneratherthanteamupwithanyoneelse.5.Whenwearrivedatthekindergarten,wesawagroupofchildrensittinginarowbacktoback,playingagame.6.Somepeoplefromthecountryfindithardtomakealifeinbigcities.7.Myhouseisfull.Ican'ttakeinanymoreguests.8.Indoingmyreading,IoftenmarkoutwhatIregardasimportantinabook.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式)1.Itislikelythat...“很可能……”[原句]However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，土著美國(guó)人很有可能在至少一萬(wàn)五千年前就在加利福尼亞生活了。[仿寫]對(duì)我們學(xué)生而言參觀長(zhǎng)城很有可能是一次難忘的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。ItislikelythatavisittotheGreatWallforusstudentsisanunforgettableexperience.2.Thatiswhy...“那就是……的緣由”[原句]Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.那就是今日有超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或其次語(yǔ)言的緣由。[仿寫]他癡迷電腦嬉戲，那就是他為什么必需輟學(xué)的緣由。Heisaddictedtocomputergames,andthat'swhyhehastodropoutofschool．3.Itisbelievedthat...“人們認(rèn)為/信任……”[原句]Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人們認(rèn)為，要不了多久，多種國(guó)籍的混合將會(huì)特別之大，以致于不行能存在一種明顯主要的種族或文化群體，而是多種族、多文化的混合體。[仿寫]人們信任努力工作就能勝利。Itisbelievedthathardworkcanleadtosuccess.4.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)[原句]Builtin1873,thecablecarsystemwasinventedbyAndrewHallidie,whowantedtofindabetterformoftransportthanhorse-drawntrams.纜車系統(tǒng)建于1873年，是由安德魯·哈利迪獨(dú)創(chuàng)的，他試圖找到一種比馬拉軌道車更好的交通方式。[仿寫]老師對(duì)他所做的事情很滿足，于是在班上表?yè)P(yáng)了他。Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhimintheclass.eq\a\vs4\al(拓展速記)1.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞aircraft飛機(jī)antelope羚羊bison野牛buffalo水牛crab螃蟹Cantonese廣東人Chinese中國(guó)人deer鹿fish魚Japanese日本人means方法reindeer馴鹿sheep綿羊Swiss瑞士人series系列spacecraft太空船species種類2.“v.＋in”短語(yǔ)集萃(一)believein信任bringin引起；產(chǎn)生；帶來(lái)callin召來(lái)dropin偶然來(lái)訪；順便走訪fillin填充getin收獲givein屈服handin上交；遞交involvein涉及3.“v.＋in”短語(yǔ)集萃(二)joinin加入；參與liein在于majorin主修pullin(車)進(jìn)站；吸入putin放進(jìn)；提出resultin導(dǎo)致sharein共享succeedin勝利takein包括；汲??；消化；欺瞞turnin上交———————————?考點(diǎn)串講·重點(diǎn)突破?———————————1．meansn．手段；方法|對(duì)接高考|——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(重慶卷閱讀理解)Inotherwords,Englishweather-speakisameans(mean)ofsocialbonding.②Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried(try),butnonehasworked.③Studentssometimessupportthemselvesbymeansofdoingpart-timejobs.|考點(diǎn)歸納|ameansofcommunication一種通訊/溝通工具byallmeans(用于交際用語(yǔ)表示同意)當(dāng)然可以；沒(méi)問(wèn)題bymeansof通過(guò)；用；借助于bynomeans決不；一點(diǎn)也不(放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序)bythismeans用這種方法|名師點(diǎn)睛|means用作“方式，方法”時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若every/each/one/ameans作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。|實(shí)力提升|——句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Youshallbynomeansmakethemistakeagain.→Bynomeansshallyoumakethemistakeagain.(改為倒裝句)2．majorityn．大部分；大多數(shù)；大半|對(duì)接高考|——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(安徽卷閱讀理解)Formanyyears,themajority(major)ofIrishpeopleearnedtheirlivingasfarmers.②ImajorinEnglishatuniversity.③AmajorityofAfricansare(be)forcedtoworkfortheEuropeans.|考點(diǎn)歸納|(1)a/themajorityof...大多數(shù)……beinthe/amajority占大部分/大多數(shù)(2)minorityn．少數(shù)intheminority占少數(shù)(3)majorn．&v．主修；專業(yè)majorin...主修……；以……為專業(yè)|名師點(diǎn)睛|(1)themajority單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)“the/amajorityof＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of后面的名詞保持一樣。|實(shí)力提升|——完備寫作·背誦④(2015年浙江卷書面表達(dá))當(dāng)我有不同看法的時(shí)候，我可能選擇放棄自己的觀點(diǎn)，敬重大多數(shù)人的觀點(diǎn)。WhenIhaveadifferentopinion,Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespecttheopinionofthemajority．3．occurvi.發(fā)生；存在；出現(xiàn)；(想法)產(chǎn)生|對(duì)接高考|——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①(天津卷閱讀理解)Itdidnotoccurtousthatwalkingwasahardship.②Itdidn'toccurtohertoask(ask)forhelp.③Astheywentdown,theweathergotworse.Thenanothertroublewasoccurred.去掉was|考點(diǎn)歸納|sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起……Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事4．makealife習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生|對(duì)接高考|——完成句子①TheoperationshouldenableBobbytolive/leadanormallife(過(guò)一種正常的生活)．②TheywenttoLondonanddecidedtomakealife(習(xí)慣于新的生活方式)there.③Thedoctorbelieveshecanbringherbacktolife(讓她醒悟過(guò)來(lái))．④Tooursurprise,hecametolife(醒悟過(guò)來(lái))soon.|考點(diǎn)歸納|(1)cometolife醒悟；變得活躍live/leada...life過(guò)著一種……的生活comebacktolife醒悟過(guò)來(lái)；復(fù)原生氣bring...backtolife使……醒悟過(guò)來(lái)；給……活力(2)make/earna/one'sliving謀生5．takein包括；汲?。焕斫?；欺瞞；收留；改??；改瘦|對(duì)接高考|——寫出下列句子中黑體部分的含義①ThedresswasbigsoIhadtotakeinatthewaist.改?、贗founditeasytotakeinwhattheteachersaidinclass.理解③Weplantotakeinmorenewclubmembers.汲?、躓omenareoftentakeninbyproductsforlosingweight.欺瞞⑤Hewashomeless,sowetookhimin.收留⑥ThetourtakesinsixEuropeancapitals.包括；包含|考點(diǎn)歸納|takeback收回；取回takedown拿下；寫下；登記takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；擔(dān)當(dāng)takeoff起飛；匆忙離去；脫下takeover接收；接管；取代takeup占去；占據(jù)；起先從事6．That/Thisiswhy...那/這就是……的緣由(教材佳句)Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.那就是今日有超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或其次語(yǔ)言的緣由。|對(duì)接高考|——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2015年廣東卷閱讀理解)Thatiswhyfishprefershallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer.②Tomcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.③Thereasonwhyhehashadsuchasuccessisthathenevergivesup.④Thereasonthathewasillyesterdayissuchabadexcuse.|考點(diǎn)歸納|(1)this/thatisbecause...這/那是因?yàn)椤?2)thisisthereasonwhy...這就是……的緣由(3)thereasonwhy...isthat...……的緣由是……(why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)(4)thereasonthat...is...……的緣由是……(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)7．bythetime＋從句(教材佳句)BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國(guó)第31個(gè)州的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有著多種文化的社會(huì)了。|對(duì)接高考|——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Bytheendofnextmonth,wewillhavefinished(finish)ourproject.②Bythetimehewastwelve,hehadlearned(learn)mathematicsallbyhimself.③Bythetimehewentabroad,hewas(be)fourteen.④Bynow,wehaverealized(realize)itsimportance.|考點(diǎn)歸納|(1)bythetime＋從句，意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，假如主句動(dòng)作不強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成，只是說(shuō)明過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候的狀況，主句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。(2)bythetime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹埂薄?3)bythetime＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(4)bythetime＋一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(表將來(lái))，主句常用將來(lái)完成時(shí)?！馿q\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)主線串記——————————————————————————)Part1Part2ThenumberofimmigrantstoAmericaisthelargestintheworld,themajorityofwhomarefromEurope.NowhereelseintheworldlikeAmericaattractssomanyimmigrants.Agreatmanyofthemsufferedhardshipsandracialprejudicebutstillmanagedtomakeanewlifethere.Inthehistory，theChineseimmigrationintoCaliforniadatesbacktothe1850s.AgreatmanyChinesewenttoCaliforniatomakeafortune.Aftertheirarrival,someofthemsufferedalot,buttheygraduallytookinAmericanEnglish.MostofthemkeptuptheirChinesecustoms,sothecustomsliveonintheirnewhome.TheydidreallymakeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofAmerica.———————————?隨堂檢測(cè)·基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)?———————————Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Onlybythismeanscanyoudoitwell.2．Themajoritywere/was(be)ontheEngland'steam,whichgreatlydisappointedthem.3．TheBrownssettleddowninChinaandmadealifeforthemselves.4．Jackoversleptthismorning.Thatiswhyhewaslateforwork.5．Inthepastfewyears,thevillagehastakenonanewlook.6．Rudolphjuststoodthere,sayingnothing.Apparently(apparent)hewasamanoffewwords.7．Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillsurelyreceivepunishment(punish)．8．Theadvertisementforengineersinthelocalpaperattractedmanyapplicants(apply)．9．Onhisarrival(arrive)inBeijing,hegavehismotheracallatonce.10．Walkingaloneinthedark,theboywhistledtokeepuphiscourage.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Itoccurredhertoadoptallpossiblemeanstosolvetheproblem._________________________________________________________________答案：occured后加to2．Therewereover500applicantstothejob._________________________________________________________________答案：to→for3．Themajorityofthestudentshaspassedtheirbiologyexam._________________________________________________________________答案：has→have4．Hewaselectedthepresidentofthecompany，andthenewscame,infact,asasurprise._________________________________________________________________答案：去掉第一個(gè)the5．Atthemeeting,youngpeoplewereonthemajority._________________________________________________________________答案：on→in———————————?話題拓展·素養(yǎng)升華?———————————Ⅰ.課文里的高考依據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSA1.buthasthelargestpopulation.ItisthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA.Thisisnot2.surprising(surprise)whenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia3.whichhasattractedpeoplefromnearlyeverycountryintheworld.Noonereallyknowswhenthefirstsettlersarrivedin4.whatwenowknowasCalifornia.ScientistsbelievethattheNativeAmericansreachedAmerica5.bymeansofalandbridge.Inthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen.In1848,goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniaand6.thedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Infact,fewachievedtheirdream,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifefor7.themselves(they)．Inmor