山東省臨沭一中2025屆高三英語(yǔ)第一學(xué)期期末考試試題含解析

山東省臨沭一中2025屆高三英語(yǔ)第一學(xué)期期末考試試題注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．Ifyou’dwrittenearlier,I’dhaveknownwhenyoutogoonholiday.A．want B．havewanted C．wanted D．willwant2．______forthefireatNotreDamedeParis,achurchfamousforitslargecollectionofarttreasures,Iwouldbethereforavisitthissummervacation.A．Haditnotbeen B．ShoulditnotbeC．Wereitnotbe D．Ifhaditnotbeen3．—Howdoyoufindthehealthclub?—IwouldratherI______it.Ifeelitsmanagementisgoingfrombadtoworse.A．haven’tjoined B．hadn’tjoinedC．didn’tjoin D．hadjoined4．—HowdoyouthinkIcanmakeupwithJack?—Setaside_______youdisagreeandtrytofind_______youhaveincommon.A．what;what B．what;where C．where;what D．where;whether5．Differentculturalfeaturesofethnicgroupsare________oneanotherandworkoutamelody．A．intunewith B．inparallelwithC．incontrastto D．inresponseto6．Ourcountryhaslaunchedacampaigntobansmokinginpublicplaces,whichwithsomeheavysmokers.A．concernsB．wasconcernedC．concernedD．isconcerned7．Anyway,we’reherenow,solet’s___________someseriouswork.A．comeupwith B．getdowntoC．doawaywith D．liveupto8．Thefirstsnowdidn’tfalluntilFebruaryinourprovincethisyear,________wasunexpected.A．it B．which C．that D．what9．AlthoughshedidnotknowBostonwell,shemadeherway________totheHomeCircleBuilding.A．easyenough B．enougheasyC．easilyenough D．enougheasily10．Iwishyouwouldn'tbeso________；youmakefacesateverythingIsay.A．weirdB．politeC．reluctantD．serious11．—Whatabouttheprotectionofthesenewmachines?—Let’skeepthesurface________dustbyputtingacoveroverthem.A．farfromB．a(chǎn)partfromC．freefromD．a(chǎn)wayfrom12．Youwon’tfindpapercuttingdifficult_____youkeeppracticingit.A．evenifB．a(chǎn)slongasC．a(chǎn)sifD．eversince13．Nineintenparentssaidthereweresignificantdifferencesintheirapproachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwith________oftheirparents.A．thoseB．oneC．thatD．it14．---WhatdoesPM2.5mean？---It'saprofessional_____________indicatingtheconditionofairpollution.A．number B．markC．term D．item15．Theaccidentwhichleft15peopleonboarddead________ifboththeangryfemalepassengerandthebusdriverhadkeptcalm.A．shouldhaveavoided B．shouldbeavoidedC．couldhaveavoided D．couldhavebeenavoided16．—Ken,________,butthemusicyouareenjoyingistooloud.—Oh,I’mterriblysorry.I’llturnitdownonthespot.A．IamreallytiredofthisB．IneedyourhelpC．I’dliketotalkwithyouD．Ihatetosaythis17．WethesunshineinSanyanowifitwerenotforthedelayofourflight.A．wereenjoying B．wouldhaveenjoyedC．wouldbeenjoying D．willenjoy18．LiHua____hismoneyfordollarsbeforehewentonaholidayinAmerica.A．exchangesB．hasexchangedC．willexchangeD．hadexchanged19．—Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes.We___________wellbyourhosts.A．weretreated B．wouldbetreatedC．treated D．hadtreated20．That’swhyIhelpbrightenpeople’sdays.Ifyou________,who’stosaythatanotherpersonwill?A．didn’t B．don’tC．weren’t D．haven’t第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21．（6分）NewYorkWalkingTour◆StatueofLibertyandEllisIslandWalkingTourStartthisexcitingguided4-hourtourbygettingearlyReserveLineAccessboardingontheferrytoLibertyIsland.Oncethere，goinsidethebaseofthestatueandheadtotheobservationdecksforanawesomeviewofNewYorkCityanditssurroundings.ThencomebackontheferrytoEllisIslandtolearnaboutthehistoryofimmigration(移民)toAmericathattookplaceherebetween1892and1954.◆CentralParkWalkingTourWalkthroughCentralPark’smostpicturesquehighlightsona2-hourtourwithaprofessionalphotographer.RememberyourNewYorkCityadventurewithunforgettableimagesofyouwithfamilyorfriendsasyoucirclethetowersatBelvedereCastle，walkthroughpathswithflowersintheConservatoryGarden，orfeedtheswansbytheLoebBoathouse.◆NewYorkCityArchitectureWalkingTourLearnaboutthehistoryofthebuildingsthatdefinetheNewYorkCityskylineona3-hourwalkingarchitecturetour.Walkdownthefamous42ndStreetcorridorwithalongtimeNewYorkresident(居民)andarchitecturalexpert，stoppingalongthewaytolearnaboutMidtownManhattan’smosticonicstructuresliketheChryslerBuilding，F(xiàn)ordFoundation，GrandCentralStationandtheNewYorkPublicLibrary.◆GreenwichVillageWalkingTourGreenwichVillageisoneofNewYorkCity’smostbeautifulandfamousneighborhoods.Takeaguided2-hourwalkingtourofthislegendaryLowerManhattanspace.Hearaboutthefamousartistswhooncelivedhere，fromEdgarAllanPoetoBobDylan，JimiHendrixandcountlessothers.WalkthewindingstreetsandvisitpopularWashingtonSquarePark，relivingmorethan200yearsofhistory.1、WhydotouristsvisitEllisIsland?A．ToknowaboutAmericanimmigrationhistory.B．Toexplorethesurroundingsoftheisland.C．TogetawholeviewofNewYorkCity.D．ToobserveStatueofLibertyclosely.2、WhowillgowithtouristsonCentralParkWalkingTour?A．Anexperiencedguide.B．Anarchitecturalexpert.C．Aprofessionalphotographer.D．AlongtimeNewYorkresident.3、Whichtourtakesthelongesttime?A．CentralParkWalkingTour.B．GreenwichVillageWalkingTour.C．NewYorkCityArchitectureWalkingTour.D．StatueofLibertyandEllisIslandWalkingTour.4、WhatcantouristsdoonGreenwichVillageWalkingTour?A．Takeunforgettablepictures.B．ComeacrossBobDylan.C．VisitNewYorkPublicLibrary.D．Learnaboutfamousartists.22．（8分）TheIslandRuleisoneofthebestexplanationsscientistscouldgivetotheobservablephenomenonthatanimalsandhumanshaveevolved(演變)dependingontheresourcesavailableintheirhabitat(棲息地).Throughtime,scientistshavenoticedthroughfossil(化石)recordsthatsomelargeanimalsfrommainlandhabitatshavedwarf(矮小的)versionsinblandhabitats.AreportfromBBCdescribedtheexistenceofwhatscientistscall“hobbitisland”offasmallislandsomewhereinIndonesia.Itwasgivensuchanamebecausefossilrecordsoftiny,humanlikecreatureshavebeenfoundintheregion.Whattheycalledas“hobbits”or“HomoFloresiensis”,areonlyastallasonemeterandarcsmallversionsofearlyhumanspecieswithtinierbrains.Thoughscientistscannotperfectlytracetheoriginofthe“HomoFloriensis”,theybelievethattheyarchumanrelatives,butitisthe“islandlife”thathascausedthemtoevolveastheyhave.Scientistshavenoticedthroughfossilrecordsandexistingorganisms(有機(jī)體)todaythatitseemsiflargeanimalsgrowsmallinislandswhilesmallanimalsgrowlargeinlargerislands.Intheory,animalandhumanbodieshaveadjustedtotheavailablefoodandfreshwaterintheirhabitats.Sincethereisnoopportunityforthemtoleavetheirisland,theymightaswelladapt.NewYorkMagazineexplainedthatislandsusuallyhavefewerpredators(捕食者)thanmainlandecosystems.However,itisthelackofresourcesthatcausethedeathofmanyanimals.Asameansofnaturaladaptation,thebodiesoftheseanimalshaveevolvedsmallerthantheirancestors,makingtheirbodiesrequirefewerresources.AreportfromWebEcoistlisteddownafewexamplesofanimalsthathaveshrunksignificantlycomparedwiththeirancestors.SomeoftheseincludetheBalitigerassmallasleopards(豹).1、Howdidthename“hobbitisland”comefrom?A．Scientistsdiscovereddwarfpeoplelivingontheisland.B．Onemetertallhumanbeingmadealivingontheseislands.C．Scientistsfoundhumanspecieswithtinierbrainsonanisland.D．Evidencesshowingtiny,human-likecreaturesontheislandwerefound.2、Whatdoyouknowabout“HomoFloricnsis”?A．TheyusedtoonlylivesomewhereinIndonesia.B．Theyweretheearliestancestorofhumanbeings.C．Theylooksmallcomparedwithnormalhumans.D．Theygraduallygrewlargeronthelargerislands.3、AccordingtoNewYorkMagazine,.A．a(chǎn)nimalsonislandlackenoughfoodtoliveonB．manyanimalsdiedofffornoapparentreasonC．toomanypredatorswilldodamagetotheecosystemD．predatorsmakeislandanimalsturnsmaller4、Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Morepredatorscanhelpanimalsgrowstrongerandlarger.B．Balitigerturnssmallbecauseofadaptationtotheenvironment.C．Morefoodresourcesshouldbeprovidedloislands.D．Animalsonmainlandarcfiercerthanthoseonislands.23．（8分）Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamily,andothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I’mnotgoingtosayluck,talent,andcircumstancesdon’tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence,andthat’sjusttherealityofhowlifeis.However,tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And,inadditiontothat,inordertogetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,it’llrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewon’tputin.Thisisabigreasonwhymanysuccessfulpeopleadviseyoutodosomethingyoulove.Ifyoudon’tenjoywhatyoudo,itisgoingtofeellikeunbearablepainandwilllikelymakeyougiveupwellbeforeyoueverbecomegoodatit.Whenyouseepeopleexhibitingsomegreatskillsorhavingachievedgreatsuccess,youknowthattheyhaveputinahugepartoftheirlifetogetthereatahugecost.It’ssometimeseasytothinktheygotluckyortheywerebornwithsomeraretalent,butthinkingthatwaydoesyounogood,andthere’sahugechancethatyou’rewronganyway.Whateveryoudo,ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit,youneedtoworkdayinanddayout,almosttothepointofaddiction,andoveralongperiodoftime.Ifyou’renotwillingtoputinthetimeandwork,don’texpecttoreceiveanyprize.Consistent,hardworkwon’tguaranteeyouthelevelofsuccessyoumaywant,butitwillguaranteethatyouwillbecomereallygoodatwhateveritisyouputallthatworkinto.1、Paragraph1mainlytalksabout________.A．thereasonsforsuccess B．thestandardsofsuccessC．theimportanceofsuccess D．whatpeoplethinksuccessis2、Successfulpeoplesuggestdoingwhatonelovesbecause________.A．workmakesonefeelpain B．onetendstoenjoyhisworkC．ittakesalotoftimetosucceed D．onegivesuphisworkeasily3、WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．Successfulpeopleliketoshowtheirgreatskills.B．Peopleneedtoachievesuccessatthecostoflife.C．Peoplesometimessucceedwithoutluckortalent.D．Ithelpstothinkthatluckortalentleadstosuccess.4、Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A．Luck,talentandfamilyhelptoachievesuccess.B．Onecannotsucceedwithouttimeandpractice.C．Havingagoalisveryimportanttosuccess.D．Beinggoodisdifferentfrombeinggreat.24．（8分）ItookdowntheviolinImadeinthepasttwomonths,andwalkedtowardsthefarmlandoutside.Theviolinshinedinthesunlight,andIadmitted,unwillingly,thatitlookedgood.ButIknewitwasamockery(笑柄)ofmyfailuretofindbeauty.“Whatmakesaviolinbeautiful?”Ifirstaskedthisquestionasathree-year-oldchildandnowagainasateenager.WhenIlistenedtoaviolinforthefirsttime,IwassoastonishedbyitsbeautythatIimaginedafairylivinginthewoodenframe.ButfairiesfadedwhenIgrewolder.Iwantedareasonableanswertothequestion.IreferredtoProfessorRuan,myviolinteacher,whointroducedtheviolintome14yearsago.This85-year-oldmanrhapsodizedabout(熱烈贊美)thelegendofAntonioStradivari.“Hisviolinsarethemostbeautifulworkshumanhasevercrafted.”“Makeaviolinwithyourownhands,”P(pán)rofessorRuansuggested,“Whenyouplayit,you’llknow.”However,whenProfessorRuanintroducedtomeaviolinworkshop,whatIsawwasfarfrommyexpectation.Infrontofmewasafatworker,shirtlessandsunburned,soontobecomemymaster.Whatshockedmemostwasthatthe“master”knewnearlynothingaboutmusic.Hisroughhandshadbeentendingcrops,notinstruments,formostofhislife.Twomonthslater,standingoutsidetheworkshop,Iwasdisappointed.Yes,IjustfinishedorcopiedaStradivariusviolin.ButIdidn’tfindbeautyinit.ThenIrememberedProfessorRuan’swords,“Whenyouplayit,you’llknow.”SoIclosedmyeyes,andfocusedonwheremyfingersandstringstouched.MusicflowedsuddenlysobeautifullythatforamomentIdoubtedmyownears.SlowlyIopenedmyeyes,andwithsurprisefoundthefairyofmychildhoodfantasydancingtomymusic—thetwo-year-olddaughterofthemaster.ProfessorRuanwasright.Ididn’tfindbeautyuntilIplayedmusicwiththeviolin,becausebeautyisn’tintheinstrumentitself.It’sjusthere,deepdown,inourselves.1、Whenhelistenedtoaviolinforthefirsttime,whathappenedtothewriter?A．Hefoundtheviolinlookedbeautiful.B．Hewasastonishedtoseeafairyintheviolin.C．Hebecameinterestedintheviolin.D．Hebegantolearnhowtoplayviolin.2、AfterconsultingProfessorRuan,whatdidthewriterthinkmadeaviolinbeautiful?A．Thepersonwhomakestheviolin.B．Thepersonwhoplaystheviolin.C．Theappearanceoftheviolin.D．Thesoundoftheviolin.3、Whatdidthewriterdointheworkshopduringtwomonths?A．HelistenedtothelegendofAntonioStradivari.B．Hetaughtthemasterknowledgeofmusic.C．Heplayedmusicwiththeviolinforthedaughterofthemaster.D．Hemadehisownviolinwiththehelpofthemaster.4、Whydidthewriterfeeldisappointedwhenhewasoutsidetheworkshop?A．Hecreatedanugly-lookingviolin.B．Hismasterknewlittleaboutmusic.C．Hefailedtofindbeautyintheviolin.D．Hehadtoworkinaterribleworkshop.5、Thetextmainlytellsusthat________.A．musicbringsbeauty B．beautyliesinourheartsC．weshoulddevelopahobby D．teachersareimportanttostudents25．（10分）Thetopfournovelsof2018arebasedonChristmasselectionsinnationalnewspapers---theLondonStandard,theTLS,heSpectatorandtheNewStatesman.NormalPeoplebySallyRooneySallyRooney’sfirstnovel,ConversationswithFriends,wasoneoflastyear’smosttalked-aboutbooks,responsetotheIrishwriter'sfollow-uphas,ifanything,beenevenmoreexcited.The27-year-oldwaspraisedforherabilitytoconveysubtleadjustmentofemotion.ThenovelwaslonglistedfortheManBookerPrize—butmanyfeltthatitshouldhavedonebetter.VietnambyMaxHastingsThislong-awaitedhistoricalnovelisarealhitwhichfollowstheVietnamWaroverthreedecades.Hastings,whoreportedfromthebattlefieldinVietnamasajournalistinhisthirties,waspraisedforhisprofoundknowledgeoftheconflict.TheSilenceoftheGirlsbyPatBarkerPatBarker’snovelisaretellingofThelliad—butwithwomenattheheartoftheaction.ThecentralcharacterisBriseis.Best-knownforherFirstWorldWarSetRegenerationTrilogy(1997),Barker,inherfifties,againfocusesontheharmfuleffectsofwar.ACertainIdeaofFrancebyJulianJacksonThisbiographybyBritishhistorianJulianJacksonbornin1954recordsthelifeofCharlesdeGaullewhoisregardedasoneofthegreatesteverFrenchmen.WhileacknowledgingthatCharlesdeGaullewasn’tverylikeable,Jacksonrespectshisimaginationandboldness---qualitiesthathelpedhimleadFrancethroughitsliberationfromtheNazisandthewarinAlgeria.Criticssuggesteditwouldbecomethestandardbiography.1、Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Topersuadepeopletobuythefournovels.B．Torecordthelifeexperiencesofthefourgreatnovelists.C．Tointroducetheyearlytopfournovels.D．Tostresstheimportanceofthefournovelists.2、Whichauthoristheyoungestaccordingtothetext?A．SallyRooney B．MaxHastings C．PatBarker D．JulianJackson3、Whichbookmayappealtopeopleinterestedinapoliticalleader’slife?A．NormalPeople B．ACertainIdeaofFranceC．TheSilenceoftheGirls D．Vietna第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)．26．（30分）ItwasNewYeartime.Weweretravellinginavan(貨車）1toystothehomeless.Whenwe2thespot,somethingcaughtmyeye.Somethingorsomeonewasmovingintherubbish.SoonI3thatitwasthehomeofapoorfamily.Thereweretwo4，bothaboutmyageatthetime，andaladyIsupposedtobetheirmother.Theysatthere5.AsalittlegirlmyselfIwas6interestedinthelittlegirl.How7ourliveswere.Shelivedfortheday,8throughtherubbishforsomethingtofillherstomach.Iontheotherhandwaswelllookedafterandneverhadtoworryabout9Ihadagoodeducationandthusa10future.Ilookedatthelittlegirl.Theonly11shehadwastheworn-outdressthatshewaswearing.SeeingthislittlegirlImadethedecisionto12adollthathadbelongedtomeforawhile.Whenthevancametoa13，Isteppedout,calledthegirloverand14thedollinherhand.Atfirstshelookedatmewith15andwasn’tcertainwhattodo，butthenshesmiledandIsaw16inhereyes.Iwentbackintothevehicleandwestartedto17off,andthat'swhenwerealizedthelittlegirlwasrunning18Westoppedagainandopenedthedoor.Thegirlhad19withus.Shelookeddirectlyatmeandsaidtwo20words“ThankYou”.1、A．showing B．recommending C．distributing D．selling2、A．left B．changed C．chose D．a(chǎn)pproached3、A．guaranteed B．realized C．decided D．a(chǎn)ccepted4、A．boys B．children C．drivers D．a(chǎn)dults5、A．happily B．a(chǎn)ngrily C．hopefully D．helplessly6、A．still B．less C．especially D．probably7、A．similar B．different C．difficult D．ordinary8、A．searching B．getting C．running D．breaking9、A．food B．safety C．health D．transport10、A．doubtful B．distant C．promising D．foreseeable11、A．present B．decoration C．requirement D．possession12、A．giveaway B．giveback C．handout D．handin13、A．station B．stop C．street D．signal14、A．tore B．placed C．dropped D．threw15、A．a(chǎn)nger B．pain C．surprise D．disappointment16、A．hope B．loneliness C．a(chǎn)nxiety D．a(chǎn)stonishment17、A．walk B．get C．lift D．drive18、A．behind B．a(chǎn)way C．out D．in19、A．gotalong B．comealong C．caughtup D．turnedup20、A．final B．new C．key D．simple第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）Happinesshasdifferentmeaningstodifferentpeople.Tosome,itmeans1．(surround)byfamiliesandfriendsandachievingsuccess.To2．,itcan3．(simple)meanadaywithoutsufferingorjustbeingalive.However,howtofindhappinessisnoteasy,especiallywhenyouareinhardtimes.SangLanis4．verygoodexampleofsomeonewhoishappywithherlife,evenwhenpeopleexpecthertobesad.SangLan,5．besteventwasthevault,wasahappyandsuccessfulgymnastinChina.Shestartedwinning6．(competition)in1991.Thoughhertrainingmeanslivingapartfromherparents,shewashappy7．(devote)herselftogymnastics.In1998,asmallaccidentduringherpracticevaultsattheGoodwillGamescould8．(cost)herfuturehappiness.However,insteadofcryingaboutwhatshehadlostandfeeling9．(hope),SangLanthoughtaboutwhatshecoulddotogetbetter.WhenshewentbacktoChina,shestudiedbroadcastingatPekingUniversityandthenhostedasportsprogrammeaboutthe2008BeijingOlympics.Shebelievesthatkeepingbusy10．(help)hertostaypositive.第四部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（滿分10分）28．（10分）假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：1、每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2、只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Thismorning,Iwenttoschoolbyabicycleasusual、AsIamlisteningtomyfavoritemusicwithaheadphoneonmyhead,Ididn’tnoticeacarparkedontheroadside、Iscratchedthecarandleftascaronit、ThinkthatIwouldhaveclasses,Ileftanotewithhisnameandaddresstoletthedriverknowwhathappened、Latelyintheafternoon,whilewewerehavingaclassmeeting,ourheadmasterledinastranger,thatwasthecarowner、Heexplainedtheclassthewholestorybutpraisedme、Myteacherandclassmatewereimpressedandprideofmyhonesty、第二節(jié)書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分25分）29．（25分）假如你是李華。最近，你們班就“Whichisbetter,workingindividuallyorworkinginateam?”為主題進(jìn)行了辯論，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示給校陽(yáng)光電視臺(tái)的編輯用英文寫(xiě)一篇短文，客觀的介紹辯論情況。1.獨(dú)立完成：自行安排、自己解決問(wèn)題；2.合作完成：一起討論、相互學(xué)習(xí)；3.我喜歡的方式和理由。注意：1.詞數(shù)：100字左右；2.開(kāi)頭已寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總數(shù)。DearEditor,Recently,wehavehadaheateddebateonwhichwayisbettertogetworkdone,workingindividuallyorworki