高中語法講解與練習之時態(tài)

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載高中語法講解練習之時態(tài)一、實義動詞

1）

及物動詞

a.動詞后要求有賓語，否則意思不完整的動詞。及物動詞可有被動結(jié)構(gòu)。

1．

She

studies

English

very

hard.

2．

I

always

review

my

lessons

in

the

evening.

b.

及物動詞的另兩種結(jié)構(gòu)

及物動詞中有少數(shù)動詞要求一個賓語（直接賓語）外，還要求有一個賓語（間接賓語），才使句意完整。第一類動詞有：leave,

show,

bring,

lend,

teach,

give,

tell,

hand,

write等。

I’ll

tell

you

a

story

about

Leifeng.

還有少數(shù)動詞要求一個賓語外，還要求有一個補足語來使句意完整。第一類動詞有：name,

call,

get,

have,

find,

turn,

think,

consider等。

They

call

him

Lao

Wang2)

不及物動詞

不及物動詞指不可帶賓語的動詞，也不可用于被動語態(tài)。1.

The

sun

rises

in

the

east.

2.

He

came

last

month.

3.

They

go

to

school

every

day.

3)連系動詞

連系動詞只起連系作用，雖有詞義但不能單獨作謂語，后必須加表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。

常用的連系動詞有：

appear,

become,

fall,

feel,

get,

go,

grow,

keep,

look,

remain,

seem,

smell,

sound,

stay,

taste,

turn等。

1.

She

felt

a

bit

tired.

2.

He

kept

silent

at

the

meeting.

注：連系動詞不可與副詞連用。

二、概說：英語一共有十六個時態(tài)（8種基本時態(tài)+8種合成時態(tài)）如下:（以”write”為例）一般時態(tài)進行時態(tài)完成時態(tài)完成進行時態(tài)現(xiàn)在Write，writesAm/is/are+writingHave/has+writtenHave/has+beenwriting過去WroteWas/were+writingHad+writtenHad+beenwriting將來Shall/will+writeShall/will+bewritingShall/will+havewrittenShall/will+havebeenwriting過去將來Should/would+writeShould/would+writtenShould/would+havewrittenShould/would+havebeenwriting三、考點聚焦1、動詞時態(tài)考查要點簡述（1）一般現(xiàn)在時①表示客觀事實、客觀規(guī)律和客觀真理諺語格言等（不受時態(tài)限制）Hesaidthattheearthturnsroundthesun.②表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習慣性的動作,與everyday,usually,onceaweek等時間狀語連用。Hegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.③表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belongseem等。如：Iknowwhatyoumean.AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.④在when引導的時間狀語從句和if引導的條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。注意，此時，主句用將來時態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來。Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothecountryside.IwillwritetoherwhenIhavetime.Doyouknowwhenhe_willcome_(come)back?Whenhecomesback,pleaseletmeknow.Iwonderifhe_willcome_(come)backtonight.⑤少數(shù)用于表示起止的動詞如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時，表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作。Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.TomorrowisWednesday.例1．

—What

would

you

do

if

it

________

tomorrow?

—We

have

to

carry

it

on,

since

we've

got

everything

ready.

A.

rain

B.

rains

C.

will

rain

D.

is

raining

點撥：B

在if引導的條件句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表達將來意義，所以選擇rains。

例2.Nowadays,

a

large

number

of

women,

especially

those

from

the

countryside,

________

in

the

clothing

industry.

(遼寧)

is

working

B.

works

C.

work

D.

worked

點撥：C本題測試動詞的時態(tài)與主謂一致，主語是women，又有Nowadays，故選C項work，A項如果改成are

working也是正確答案。（2）一般過去時①一般過去時的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去具體的時間狀語連用（或有上下文語境暗示）；用于表達過去的習慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去式。如：Ioncesawthefamousstarhere.Theyneverdrankwine.表達過去的習慣②表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.例1．

—If

the

traffic

hadn’t

been

so

heavy,

I

could

have

been

back

by

6

o’clock.

—What

a

pity!

Tina

________

here

to

see

you.

(2005湖南)

A.

is

B.

was

C.

would

be

D.

has

been

點撥：B

表示“Tina曾經(jīng)來過這兒看你”(Tina現(xiàn)已離開)要用一般過去時。

例2

.—Did

you

tidy

your

room?

—No,

I

was

going

to

tidy

my

room

but

I

________

visitors.

(2007上海)A.

had

B.

have

C.

have

had

D.

will

have

點撥：A

下劃線處應客觀描述過去行為，表明“不速之客來訪”這一過去的事實，由此直接排除選項B、C、D而選出A。（3）一般將來時一般將來時的5種表達形式(1)“will/shall+動詞原形”：將要發(fā)生的動作或狀況，也可表示“預見”（帶有說話人的主觀態(tài)度和看法）。Willyoubebusytonight?Youwillfeelbetteraftertakingthismedicine.(2)有兩種意義，一是表示“意圖”，即打算在將來做某事；二是表示“預見”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某種情況。Thewallisgoingtobepaintedsoon.Georgeisputtingonweight.He’sgoingtobequitefat.Lookatthedarkcloudsoverthere.It’sgoingtorain.有兩種含義：一是表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，?？膳c“be+v.-ing”交換使用，“beto+動詞原形”較正式;二是表示義務、應該（相當于should)。★可用于if條件句表示打算、想要。IamtohaveteawithBettythisafternoon.You’retoanswerforwhatyou’vedone.★Ifyouaretosucceed,you’dbetterworkhard.(4)既定的時間如生日、日歷、課時安排、交通時刻表等，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。Theplanetakesoffat5:30a.m.ThenewschoolyearbeginsonSeptember1.Takeyourseat.Themeetingisabouttobegin.Iwasabouttogotobedwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.★“will+動詞原形”有時還可以表示一種傾向性或慣性的動作。Oilwillfloatonwater.Thismachinewon’twork.(won’可以用來表示“不能，沒法”，表示主體不具有某種功能)What’sthematterwiththepen?Theinkwon’tcomeout.例1．.

—How

can

I

apply

for

an

online

course?

—Just

fill

out

this

form

and

we

________

what

we

can

do

for

you.

see

B.

are

seeing

C.

have

seen

D.

will

see

點撥：D

下劃線處表示的行為是fill

out

this

form之后將要發(fā)生的行為，應選用表示一般將來時的will

see。

例2．—

Your

job

________

open

for

your

return.

—

Thanks.

will

be

kept

B.

will

keep

C.

had

kept

D.

had

been

kept

點撥A

表示將來的動作，應用一般將來時，應排除選項C、D；又由于下劃線處還必須表示出被動的含義，應進一步排除B而選A。（4）現(xiàn)在進行時（主語﹢be﹢現(xiàn)在分詞）現(xiàn)在進行時的用法注意點:（1）現(xiàn)在時刻正在進行的動作，也可表示現(xiàn)階段一直進行的動作（說話時不一定正在進行），強調(diào)動作的暫時性和未完成性—短暫的事實；而一般現(xiàn)在時強調(diào)動作的長久性或反復性。Heworksinachemicalfactory.Heisworkinginachemicalfactorythesedays.Idon’tworkhere,I’mjusthelpinguntilthesecretarycomesback.(2)現(xiàn)在進行時與always,constantly,continually,allthetime,allalong,等頻度狀語連用，對現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作表示某種感情色彩，如贊嘆、驚訝、厭煩、不滿等。Sheisalwaysborrowingmoneyandforgettingtopaymeback.Youarecontinuallyfindingfaultswithme.(3)現(xiàn)在進行時表示委婉口氣，常與hope,wonder等連用。I’mhopingthatyou’llgivemesomeadvice.I’mwonderingifImayhaveawordwithyou.注意：下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進行時。表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動作：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。（B）表存在的狀態(tài)的動詞：appear,exist,lie,remain,seembelongto,dependon。（C）表示一時性動作的動詞：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。（D）表示感官的動詞：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。例1.

Since

I

won

the

big

prize,

my

telephone

hasn't

stopped

ringing.

People

________to

ask

how

I

am

going

to

spend

the

money.

(2005湖南)

phone

B.

will

phone

C.

were

phoning

D.

are

phoning

點撥：D

題干句意為：自從我贏了大獎，我的電話就沒停過，人們都在打電話問我打算怎么花那筆錢?！按螂娫挕笔乾F(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，故應用現(xiàn)在進行時。例2.

Listen

to

the

two

girls

by

the

window.

What

language

________?

A.

did

they

speak

B.

were

they

speaking

C.

are

they

speaking

D.

have

they

been

speaking

點撥：

C

本題測試動詞的時態(tài)。由Listen

to

the

two

girls

by

the

window.

(請聽窗邊那兩個女孩的談話)?？梢耘袛?，句子描述的是現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作，用現(xiàn)在進行時。（5）現(xiàn)在完成時。（主語﹢have/has﹢動詞的過去分詞）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去開始發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。現(xiàn)在完成時用法注意點：(1)兩種意義的現(xiàn)在完成時a.持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞）；時間狀語：表示從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時間狀語，如lately,recently，uptonow，sofar，thesedays,in/over/duringthelast/pasttendays/months/years,etc.Ihaven’thadenoughsleeplately.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepasttwentyyearsinChina.b.對現(xiàn)在有影響；時間狀語：already,just,ever,never,before,notyet,etc.Haveyoueverfoundouthertelephonenumber?(2)havebeentoVShavegonetoHavebeento表示曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在人在說話的現(xiàn)場，而havegoneto表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人不在說話的現(xiàn)場。IhavebeentoBeijingforthreetimes.我曾經(jīng)去過北京三次。ShehasgonetoBeijing.她去北京了。注意：①現(xiàn)在完成時除可以和for、since引導的狀語連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語連用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks)、inrecentyears等。②下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時Itis(hasbeen)+一段時間+since從句This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)timethat+完成時This(That/It)istheonly…+that+完成時This(that/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that從句+完成時ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoBeijing.ThiswasthefirsttimethatIhadcometoBeijing.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.例1．

Danny

________

hard

for

long

to

realize

his

dream

and

now

he

is

popular.

works

B.

is

working

C.

has

worked

D.

worked

點撥：

C

下劃線處要表示現(xiàn)在廣受歡迎的Danny從過去至今一直為實現(xiàn)具夢想努力工作，選用現(xiàn)在完成時最為貼切。

例2．

The

country

life

he

was

used

to

________

greatly

sincel992.

(2005山東)

change

B.

has

changed

C.

changing

D.

have

changed

點撥：

B

本題中be

used

to的賓語為the

country

life(考生很容易誤選A或C，誤解為be

used

to

doing或be

used

to

do),

he

was

used

to為定語從句，修飾the

country

life，下劃線處應為主句的謂語動詞。因主語為the

country

life，因此謂語動詞應選用has

changed。

例3．

We

________

our

new

neighbors

yet,

so

we

don't

know

their

names.

don't

meet

B.

won't

meet

C.

haven't

met

D.

hadn't

met

點撥：

C題眼是yet這個單詞，是完成時態(tài)的標志詞之一，并且題干中提到“現(xiàn)在不知道他們的名字”，所以應選用現(xiàn)在完成時。（6）現(xiàn)在完成進行時（主語﹢have/hasbeen﹢動詞–ing）①表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，并且可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandsyears.中國有2000年的造紙歷史。（動作還將繼續(xù)下去）①表示在說話時刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanhour.我們應經(jīng)等你半個鐘頭了（人還沒到，如同在電話里說的，還會繼續(xù)等下去）.例1．

He

________

articles

for

newspapers

and

magazines

these

three

years,

and

he

________

30

articles.

has

written；

has

written

B.

has

been

writing；

wroteC.

is

writing；

has

been

writing

D.

has

been

writing；

has

written

點撥：

D

has

been

writing“一直在寫”，強調(diào)動作不間斷；has

written“已經(jīng)寫好”，強調(diào)結(jié)果

例2．—Have

you

had

any

letters

from

your

aunt?

—NO.

I

haven't,

but

my

sister

________

her

regularly.

A.

has

heard

from

B.

had

heard

from

C.

has

been

hearing

from

D.

will

have

heard

點撥：

C

regularly“定期地”，強調(diào)動作的不間斷

例3．By

the

time

the

tour

ends,

the

football

team

________

twenty

matches

in

five

countries.

A.

will

play

B.

will

have

played

C.

will

be

playing

D.

will

have

been

playing

點撥：

B

by

the

time

the

tour

ends指“到將來某時旅行結(jié)束時”；will

have

played

twenty

matches“將打了二十場比賽”，將來完成時強調(diào)結(jié)果。

例4．By

the

time

Jane

gets

home,

her

aunt

________

for

London

to

attend

a

meeting.

(05天津11)

will

leave

B.

leaves

C.

will

have

left

D.

left

點撥：

C

主句leave發(fā)生在從句gets(將來)之前，應用將來完成時。（7）過去完成時(主語﹢had﹢過去分詞)1.表示“過去的過去”，兩個動作有明顯的先后關系。Hetoldmethathehadmadegreatprogresssincehecamehere.Tomreturnedbyplane,buthismotherhadalreadydied.2.在by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句以前發(fā)生的動作。Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.Theconcerthadbeenonfortwentyminutesbythetimewegotthere.3.動詞expect,hope,intend,mean,plan,suppose,think,want,wish等動詞用過去完成時表示過去本來打算、希望、計劃作而未做的事。表示曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/Ihadintendedtoattendtheparty,butwasstoppedbytheheavyrain.4.用在表示“一……就”的幾個句型中：Hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,Hardly/Nosooner+主語+過去分詞+when/than/+一般過去時。如：Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.Hardlyhadthethiefseenthepolicewhenheranaway.5.“時間名詞+before”在句子中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時；“時間名詞+ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去式。如：Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.例1．John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe________forthewedding.A.willplanB.hasplannedC.wouldplanD.hadplanned點撥：D應選用過去完成時，表示“婚禮之前的計劃”這一“過去的過去”的活動。例2．Theybecamefriendsagainthatday.Untilthen,they________toeachotherfornearlytwoyears.A.didn'tspeakB.hadn'tspokenC.haven'tspokenD.haven'tbeenspeaking點撥：

B

題干的句子表示“到他們再次變?yōu)榕笥涯翘鞛橹?，他們幾乎兩年沒有說過話”，這里的“沒有說過活”發(fā)生于“那天他們再次變?yōu)榕笥选边@一過去行為的過去，下劃線處應選用過去完成時。（8）將來完成時：will/shall+have+過去分詞，用于第一人稱，will+have+過去分詞用于其他人稱。表示將來某一時刻之前已完成的動作。Bytheendofnextmonthwewillhavelearnt1000words.（9）將來進行時：shall/will+be+現(xiàn)在分詞"，表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作。Whatwillyoubedoing(ateight)nextweek?Iwon’tbefreeFridaymorning.I’llbeseeingafriendoff.（10）注意幾組時態(tài)的區(qū)別：1.現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作已完成，側(cè)重結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進時既可表示動作在說話時刻之前剛剛結(jié)束，也可表示動作還將繼續(xù)下去，側(cè)重于動作的持續(xù)性、暫時性和未完成的含義。Theyhaverepairedtheroad.(表示路已修好)Theyhavebeenrepairingtheroad.（表示路還在修）Thepolicehavebeenlookingintothematter,buttheyhaven’tdrawnaconclusionyet.2.一般過去時與過去進行時的用法比較(1)一般過去時表示在過去某時發(fā)生過的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，側(cè)重動作已完成；而過去進行時可以表示過去某個時間正在進行的動作，強調(diào)動作在持續(xù)，并未完成。Lastyear,hewroteabook.Lastyear,hewaswritingabook,buthasn’tfinishedtillnow.一般過去時和過去進行時同時出現(xiàn)在句中，表示一個動作發(fā)生在另一個動作進行的過程之中時，通常表示較短的動作用一般過去時，表示較長的動作用過去進行時。其中一個在由when或while引導的時間狀語從句中。They

were

always

quarreling.

他們老是吵嘴。

My

little

brother

was

continually

asking

questions.

我弟弟老是問東問西的。

(3).

過去進行時用法2注意

a.

常與過去進行時連用的時間狀語有：

at

that

time當時at

five

yesterday昨天五點

then那時

this

time

yesterday昨天這個時候

the

whole

morning整個上午last

night昨晚

b.

表示禮貌

有時過去進行時并不表示過去的時間，而表達現(xiàn)在的客氣、禮貌或不確定。此類動詞主要有hope,

wonder,

think,

expect等。如：

I

was

wondering

if

we

could

have

dinner

together.

不知我們能否在一起吃晚飯。

I

was

hoping

that

you

could

help

me.

真希望你能幫我。

I

was

thinking

maybe

he

could

go

by

taxi.

我當時在想或許他可以坐出租車去。

例1．—Did

you

see

a

man

in

black

pass

by

just

now?

—No,

sir.

I

________

a

newspaper.

read

B.

was

reading

C.

would

read

D.

am

reading

點撥：

B

與前面表示“剛剛”的just

now對應，下劃線處應選川過去進行時表示剛才正在進行的活動例2．.

—I

saw

Jane

and

her

boyfriend

in

the

park

at

eight

yesterday

evening.

—Impossible.

She

________

TV

with

me

in

my

home

then.

watched

B.

had

watched

C.

would

watch

D.

was

watching

點撥：

D

表示Jane昨晚八點正在做某事，應選用過去進行時的形式

3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較一般過去時只單純表示過去發(fā)生過的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在時間沒有聯(lián)系，可和表示確切過去的時間、地點狀語連用。現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生過的某動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)現(xiàn)在的情況，不能和表示確切的過去時間、地點狀語連用。(1)Shehaspromisedtohelpme.Lastweekshepromisedtohelpme.(2)Hehasbeencaughtbythepolice.Hewascaughtbythepoliceatarestaurant.(3)Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinafortenyears.Mr.BlacklivedinChinafor3yearsinthe1990s.4.過去完成時與一般過去時：過去完成時強調(diào)的是“過去的過去”；如出現(xiàn)同一主語連續(xù)幾個動作（“連謂”）形式則只用一般過去時即可。Hecameuptothedoorofthehouse,stoodforawhileandthenenteredit.（11）固定句式或結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞時態(tài)1.This/Itisthefirst/secondtime＋that從句。that從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時。如把is改為was，則從句中用過去完成時。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecomehere.Itwasthethirdtime(that)hehadmadethesamemistake.2．Itis/hasbeen＋一段時間＋since從句。since從句中用一般過去時。如把is改為was，則從句中用過去完成時。Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincewehavehadsuchawonderfultime.3．was/wereabouttodo...when...意為“將要做……(這時)突然……”。Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.真題例析1.Planingsofarahead______nosense—somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.A.madeB.ismakingC.makesD.hasmade2.Iwasn’tsureifhewasreallyinterestedorifhe______polite.A.wasjustbeingB.willjustbeC.hadjustbeenD.wouldjustbe3.WhenAlicecameto,shedidnotknowhowlongshe______there.A.hadbeenlyingB.hasbeenlyingC.waslyingD.haslain4.Ifyoudon'tlikethedrinkyou______justleaveitandtryadifferentone.A.orderedB.areorderingC.willorderD.hadordered5.Experimentsofthiskind______inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.A.haveconductedB.havebeenconductedC.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted6.Tom______inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.A.worksB.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.hadbeenworking7.——Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.——Yeah,it______usawholeweektogetthere.A.TakesB.hastakenC.tookD.wastaking8.——BobhasgonetoCalifornia.——Oh,canyoutellmewhenhe______?A.hasleftB.LeftC.isleavingD.wouldleave9.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms______allovertheworld.A.haveproducedB.havebeenpro