05閱讀四選一訓練之科普知識類-2024年中考英語閱讀理解提分寶典

05閱讀四選一訓練之科普知識類（2023·江西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）ABrightIdeaEvansWadongowasfromavillageofAfrica.Hehadtodohomeworkbythelightofakerosenelamp（煤油燈）.Evans’eyeshurtandthismadestudyingdifficult.Itwasmoninhisvillage.Manychildrenleftschoolforthisreason,sotheyremainedpoorfortherestoftheirlives.Althoughstudyingwasdifficult,Evanswasanexcellentstudentandwenttoauniversity.Hecontinuedtoworryaboutthekerosenelamp.Bythistime,herealizeditwasnotjustbadforschoolchildrenbutforthewholefamily.First,itcancauseillnessessuchascoughs.Also,thelightcanhurtpeople’seyes.Besides,itcanleadtofires.Lastly,keroseneisexpensive,sofamilieshavelessmoneyforfood.Itwasdifficulttoeupwithadifferentkindoflampthatwascheapandgoodfortheenvironment.YetEvansdidnotgiveup.Oneday,hehadanidea.Hecoulduseasmallsolar（太陽能的）light.Sunlightisfreeandsolarpowerisgoodfortheenvironment.Evansbuilthisfirstsolarlamp,anditworked.Hebegantobuildmorelampsandsentthemtolocalfamilies.Anorganizationheardaboutthisandprovidedmoneyforhimtobuildmoresolarlamps.Eachlamponlycost$20.However,thiswasalotofmoneytomanyvillagers,whoonlyearnedaround$34aweek,soEvansmadesurehekeptthecostdown.First,Evansusedrecycledmaterials.Next,volunteersbuiltthelamps.Finally,peoplefrommanycountriesgaveawaymoneytohisteam,sothelampswereusuallyfree.Thousandsofpeoplehadsafelight.Julia,amotherofthree,said,“ThankstoEvans,mychildrenhavelighttoread,andIhavemyownlighttocook.”Thesolarlampsmadeabigdifference.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1referto?A．Leavingschool. B．Doinghomework.C．Havingeyeproblems. D．Havingabrightidea.2．HowmanyproblemsaboutkerosenelampsarementionedaccordingtoParagraph2?A．6. B．5. C．4. D．3.3．Putthefollowinginformationintocorrectorderaccordingtothepassage.a.Evanswenttoauniversity.b.Thousandsofpeoplehadsafelight.c.Hisfirstsolarlampwasinvented.d.KerosenelampshurtEvans’eyes.e.Recycledmaterialswereusedinthelamps.f.Peoplefrommanycountriesgaveawaymoney.A．dacefb B．dfbaec C．a(chǎn)dfecb D．a(chǎn)ecdfb4．WhydoesthewritergiveJulia’sexampleinParagraph5?A．ToshareJulia’sexperience. B．ToshowEvans’influence.C．TodescribeEvans’feelings. D．TointroduceEvans’invention.5．WhatisEvanslikeaccordingtothepassage?A．Polite,talentedandhumorous. B．Quiet,smartandhonest.C．Humorous,cleverandfriendly. D．Hardworking,lovingandcreative.【答案】1．C2．C3．A4．B5．D【導語】本文主要講述了Evans發(fā)明并制作太陽能燈的過程。1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Evans’eyeshurtandthismadestudyingdifficult.”可知，Evans的眼睛疼，這使學習很困難。因此this指代“眼睛疼”這件事。故選C。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“First,itcancauseillnessessuchascoughs.Also,thelightcanhurtpeople’seyes.Besides,itcanleadtofires.Lastly,keroseneisexpensive,sofamilieshavelessmoneyforfood.”可知，首先，它會導致咳嗽等疾病。此外，光線會傷害人們的眼睛。此外，它還可能導致火災。最后，煤油很貴，所以家庭買食物的錢更少。因此，文章一共提到使用煤油燈的4個問題。故選C。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hehadtodohomeworkbythelightofakerosenelamp(煤油燈).Evans’eyeshurtandthismadestudyingdifficult.”可知，煤油燈讓Evans的眼睛疼。根據(jù)“Althoughstudyingwasdifficult,Evanswasanexcellentstudentandwenttoauniversity.”可知，盡管學習非常艱難，Evans是個優(yōu)秀的學生，并進入了大學。根據(jù)“Evansbuilthisfirstsolarlamp,anditworked.”可知，Evans制作了第一臺太陽能燈。根據(jù)“First,Evansusedrecycledmaterials.Next,volunteersbuiltthelamps.Finally,peoplefrommanycountriesgaveawaymoneytohisteam,sothelampswereusuallyfree.”可知，Evans使用回收材料制燈，志愿者也來制燈，最后，來自許多國家的人給他的團隊捐款。因此，事件的正確順序為dacefb。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thousandsofpeoplehadsafelight.Julia,amotherofthree,said,‘ThankstoEvans,mychildrenhavelighttoread,andIhavemyownlighttocook.’Thesolarlampsmadeabigdifference.”可知，成千上萬的人有安全的照明。Julia是三個孩子的母親，她說：“多虧了Evans，我的孩子們有了讀書的燈，我也有了做飯的燈?！碧柲軣羝鸬搅撕艽蟮淖饔?。舉Julia的例子是為了說明Evans的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造給人們帶來的影響。故選B。5．推理判斷題。通讀本文可知，Evans在艱苦的學習環(huán)境下還上了大學，說明他非常勤奮，他為了解決使用煤油燈帶來的一系列問題，發(fā)明創(chuàng)造了太陽能燈，說明他富有創(chuàng)造性，他想方設法降低太陽能燈的制作成本，讓窮人也能用得上太陽能燈，說明他富有愛心。故選D。（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）puterscientistMaryhasanideaforanewrobottohelpherworkwithchildren.Howshoulditlook?Therobotshouldhavearmstobeabletoliftthings.Andifitisgoingtomunicatewithpeople,itwillalsoneedaface.Scientistsbelievethatgivingarobotafacecanmakeitseemmorefriendly.Humanswouldalsoliketopaymoreattentiontorobotswithfaces.Butwhatkind?ForMary,shewantstomakesurethathernewrobotdoesn’tlooktoomuchlikeahuman.Shewantspeopletojusttreatitasamachineperson.Ifitlooksmorelikeahumanthanamachine,shethinksusersmightfinditabitcreepyandfeelafraid.Maryalsobelievesthatrobotfacesdon’tneedtolookalotlikeours.Herresearchshowsthatwecanenjoymunicatingwithrobotswhetherornottheylooklikehumans,becauseourbrainsareabletolookforfaces.Justputtwocirclesontopofarobot’sbody,andwewillseeaface.Davefeelsdifferently.Hebelievesthatalthoughatfirstwemightbeafraidwhenseeingarobotwithalifelikeface,wemaysoongetusedtoit.Ifrobotsaregoingtoworkcloselywithhumans,theyshouldlookasmuchlikeusaspossible.Afterall,facesareanimportantpartofthewaywemunicate.Tomakehisrobotslookasmuchlikerealpeopleaspossible,Daveinventedaspecialskin(皮膚)fortheirfaces.Withthisskin,robotscanshowhumanlikeexpressionsandappeartobeangry,sad,happyorsurprised.Dave’srobotsarealsoprogrammedtocopyexpressions.How?Justimaginehisrobotislookingatyou.Thecamerasinitseyessendpicturesofyourfacetoitscentralputer!1．Whydoscientiststhinkarobotneedsaface?A．Itwillbeemorebeautiful. B．Itcandobetterinliftingthings.C．Itwillpaymoreattentiontochildren. D．Itcanbettermunicatewithpeople.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“creepy”meaninparagraph2?A．Unfortabletolookat. B．Impossibletotouch.C．Boringtotalkto. D．Difficulttounderstand.3．WhichofthefollowingwouldDavemostprobablyagreewith?A．Peopleshouldtreatrobotsashumans.B．Robotsneedtoexpresstheirownfeelings.C．Robotsshouldn'tlooktoomuchlikehumans.D．Peoplecaneasilyacceptrobotswithahumanface.4．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplainthereasonswhyrobotsshouldhavefaces.B．Tosuggestwhathumanscandowithrobotswithfaces.C．Toshareideasonwhatkindoffacesrobotsshouldhave.D．Toshowhowscientistsinventrobotswithdifferentfaces.【答案】1．D2．A3．D4．C【導語】本文主要介紹兩個人對機器人是否要有人形臉持有的不同看法。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Andifitisgoingtomunicatewithpeople,itwillalsoneedaface.”可知要與人交流，故需要臉。故選D。2．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Ifitlooksmorelikeahumanthanamachine,shethinksusersmightfinditabitcreepyandfeelafraid.”可知劃線詞與“feelafraid”并列，結合選項可知應是“看著不舒服”。故選A。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hebelievesthatalthoughatfirstwemightbeafraidwhenseeingarobotwithalifelikeface,wemaysoongetusedtoit.”可知盡管機器人有人形臉可能一開始看起來令人害怕，但是我們會很快適應，說明人們能輕松地接受人形臉的機器人。故選D。4．主旨大意題。本文主要討論機器人需要什么臉型，C項符合。故選C。（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Manyofushaveseenrainbowsintheskyoncethesunstartsshiningagainafteritrains.Forustoseearainbow,theconditionsneedtobejustright.Weneedsomewaterdropsintheair,likerainorevenfog,andweneedthesuntobebehindusandquitelowtotheground.Thisisbecausearainbowiscreatedbylightpassingthroughwaterdrops.Thelightthatesfromthesunseemswhitetous.Butthewhitelightweseeismadeupofamixofdifferentcolors.Whenthelightgoesthrougharaindrop,thesecolorscanseparateout.Eachofthecolorsintherainbowhasadifferent“wavelength”(波長).Raindropslooklikelittleballs.Whenlighthitsoneoftheselittleballsofwater,thelightcanchangedirection.Wecallthis“refraction”(折射).Eachofthedifferentwavelengthsisrefracteddifferently.Ifthelighthitstheraindropattherightplace,therefractionseparatesthewavelengthsoutintotheirdifferentcolors.Wearetaughttherearesevencolors:red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigoandviolet.Butthisisn’texactlytrue.Blueandgreenarenexttoeachotherintherainbow,whichiswhywecanseeturquoise(amixofblueandgreen).Brownisamixofredandgreen.Buttheyaren’tnexttoeachotherintherainbow,sowedon’tseethemmixtomakebrown.Wewouldneverseeblackandwhiteinarainbow.Blackiswhatweseewhenthere’snolightatall.Ontheotherhand,whiteisamixofallthecolorstogether.Whenlightisrefractedbyraindrops,itseparatesthewhitelightout,meaningitisnolongerwhite.1．Wecanseearainbowundertherightconditionsbecause________.A．theraindropsarelikelittleballs B．thelightgoesthroughraindropsC．thesunshineseemstobecolorful D．theweatherisfoggyafteritrains2．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowaboutthecolorsintherainbow?A．Theycanbeebrownorblack. B．Thereareonlysevencolorsinall.C．Theymixtomakethewhitelight. D．Theirownplacescanbechanged.3．Whichpartofamagazinemaythispassagebetakenfrom?A．Science. B．Health. C．Culture. D．Fashion.4．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Howarethecolorsreceivedintherainbow?B．Whencanthecolorsturnblueintherainbow?C．Whichcolorsaren’tcoveredwithlightintherainbow?D．Whycan’twefindwhite,blackandbrownintherainbow?【答案】1．B2．C3．A4．D【導語】本文主要介紹了彩虹的形成以及對彩虹顏色知識的科普。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thisisbecausearainbowiscreatedbylightpassingthroughwaterdrops.”可知因為光線穿過了雨滴，在合適的條件下，我們可以看到彩虹。故選B。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whenlightisrefractedbyraindrops,itseparatesthewhitelightout,meaningitisnolongerwhite.”（當光線被雨滴折射時，它將白光分離出來，這意味著它不再是白色的。）可知彩虹的顏色混合在一起發(fā)出白光，故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹了彩虹的形成以及對彩虹顏色知識的科普，所以文章應該來自雜志的科學部分，故選A。4．最佳標題題。根據(jù)“Wearetaughttherearesevencolors:red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigoandviolet.Butthisisn’texactlytrue...Buttheyaren’tnexttoeachotherintherainbow,sowedon’tseethemmixtomakebrown.”和“Wewouldneverseeblackandwhiteinarainbow.”可知，我們被教導有七種顏色：紅、橙、黃、綠、藍、靛和紫，但是我們在彩虹中看不見白色，黑色和棕色，所以D選項符合，故選D。（2023·河南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）AccordingtoKenCroswell,theSunandtheMoonaredifferent.WeoftenthinkthattheSunrulesthedayandtheMoonrulesthenight.That’skindofright,butnottotally.TheSunshinesallthetime.Itshinesduringthedaywhenweseeit,andevenatnightwhenwedon’t.AstheEarthturns,sometimeswefacetheSun.That’swhenwegetday.WhentheEarth’sspin(自轉(zhuǎn))turnsusawayfromtheSunandweareintheEarth’sshadow,wegetnight.WhenpeopleontheoppositesideoftheEarthfacetheSun,thosepeoplehavedaywhilewehavenight.TheMoonisadifferentstory.UnliketheSun,itdoesn’tmakeitsownlight.MoonlightisactuallytheSun’slightreflecting(反射)theMoonbacktous.TheSunlightsuponlythesideoftheMoonthatfacestheSun.AtFullMoon,theMoonisontheoppositesideoftheEarthfromtheSun.ThenthesideoftheMoonfacingtheEarthisalllitup.DuringFullMoon,theMoonrisesaroundsunset,shinesallnight,andsetsaroundsunrise.Sincehemoonlightissobright,youcansometimesseeitduringtheday,too.AfewdaysbeforeFullMoon,ifyoulookeastintheafternoon,youmayseetheMooninthesky.AfterFullMoon,youmayfinditifyoulookwestinthemorning.TheMoonismostdifficulttoseeatNewMoon,whenitsorbit(軌道)putsitbetweentheEarthandtheSun.Then,thesideoftheMoonfacingtheEarthisdarkandwecan’tseetheMoonatall.1．WhatcanweknowabouttheSun?A．TheSunrulestheMoon.B．TheSunshinesduringbothdayandnight.C．TheSunlightsupallthesidesoftheMoon.D．TheSunshineseverywhereontheEarthatthesametime.2．Whichofthefollowinginthedictionarybestexplainstheunderlinedword“shadow”inParagraph3?shadown.①theshapeoftheEarth②theforcefromtheSun③thedarkareaontheEarth④theoppositesideoftheSunA．① B．② C．③ D．④3．WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytalkabout?A．HowtheMoonmakesitslight.B．WhythereisdayandnightontheEarth.C．WhytheMooncanbeseenduringtheday.D．WhatthedifferenceisbetweenFullMoonandNewMoon.4．WhichfollowingpictureshowsusNewMoon?A． B． C． D．5．Whatisthetheme(主題)ofthetext?A．Culture. B．Science. C．Education. D．Technology.【答案】1．B2．C3．C4．A5．B【導語】本文主要科普了一些關于太陽、月球和地球之間的知識。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheSunshinesallthetime.Itshinesduringthedaywhenweseeit,andevenatnightwhenwedon’t.”可知太陽白天黑夜都照耀著。故選B。2．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“WhentheEarth’sspin(自轉(zhuǎn))turnsusawayfromtheSun...wegetnight”可知當?shù)厍蜃赞D(zhuǎn)使我們遠離太陽時，天就變黑了，所以shadow指的是地球上的黑暗區(qū)域，故選C。3．段落大意題。根據(jù)“DuringFullMoon,theMoonrisesaroundsunset,shinesallnight,andsetsaroundsunrise.Sincehemoonlightissobright,youcansometimesseeitduringtheday,too.”（滿月時，月亮在日落時升起，整夜閃耀，在日出時落下。由于月光如此明亮，你有時在白天也能看到它。）可知第五段主要講述了為什么在白天可以看到月亮，故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“TheMoonismostdifficulttoseeatNewMoon,whenitsorbit(軌道)putsitbetweentheEarthandtheSun.Then,thesideoftheMoonfacingtheEarthisdarkandwecan’tseetheMoonatall.”可知在新月時，當月球的軌道位于地球和太陽之間時，是最難看到月亮的。然后，月球面向地球的那一面是黑暗的，我們根本看不到月球，結合圖片，A選項符合，故選A。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要科普了一些關于太陽、月球和地球之間的知識，所以本文主題為科學，故選B。（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Takecareofyourplants!Theymay“shout”ifyoutreatthembadly.Plantscanmakesoundswhentheyarestressed,accordingtoarecentstudy.“Plantsusesoundtomunicatewithanimalsallthetime,soitwouldbeveryinconvenientforplantsnottousesoundatall.”LilachHadany,coauthor(合著者)ofthestudy,toldScienceFocus.Withthisinmind,theresearchteamstartedbyrecordingplants’sounds.Theyputsweetpepperandtomatoplantsinsoundproofboxestoshutoffthenoiseintheenvironment.Severalultrasonicmicrophones(超聲波麥克風)werethenputneartheplants,whichcanrecordbetween20and250kilohertz(千赫茲).Ahumanadult’searcanhearabout16kilohertz.Therewerethreegroupsofplants:Onegroupwasn’twateredforfivedays,anothergrouphadsomepartscutoffandthelastgroupwasuntouched.Themicrophonescaughtsoundsfrom40to80kilohertzfromthefirsttwogroups.Thesound,whichwassimilartothenoiseofpopcornpoppinggrewlouderandlouderduringthefivedaysofwaterstress.Theythenbegantobeeweakerandweakerastheplantsdriedout.Astressedplanproducedthepoppingsoundaround30to50timesperhour,whiletheuntouchedgrouponlyproducedaroundonceperhour,accordingtothestudy.1．Plantsuse________tomunicatewithanimalsallthetimeaccordingtothestudy.A．sound B．smell C．light2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“soundproof”mean?A．發(fā)出聲音的 B．隔離聲音的 C．吸收聲音的3．Ahumanadult’searcanhearabout________.A．16kilohertz B．20kilohertz C．250Kilohertz4．Accordingtothestudy,theuntouchedgroupoftheplantsproducedthepoppingsoundaround________.A．40to80timesperhour B．30to60timesperhour C．onceperhour5．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Plantscanmakesounds.B．Howtotakecareofyourplants.C．Theteammademachinelearningapplications.【答案】1．A2．B3．A4．C5．A【導語】本文主要介紹了根據(jù)研究證明，植物在受到壓力時可以發(fā)出聲音，并具體介紹了研究的內(nèi)容和過程以及結果。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Plantsusesoundtomunicatewithanimalsallthetime”可知，植物一直用聲音與動物交流，故選A。2．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Theyputsweetpepperandtomatoplantsinsoundproofboxestoshutoffthenoiseintheenvironment”可知，把這兩種植物放在能隔絕環(huán)境中的噪音的盒子里，由此可推斷這個盒子是隔音的，故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ahumanadult’searcanhearabout16kilohertz”可知，成年人的耳朵可以聽到大約16千赫茲的聲音，故選A。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“whiletheuntouchedgrouponlyproducedaroundonceperhour”可知，而未接觸的那組每小時只產(chǎn)生一次，故選C。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Plantscanmakesoundswhentheyarestressed,accordingtoarecentstudy”及全文的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了根據(jù)研究證明，植物在受到壓力時可以發(fā)出聲音，故選A。（2023·四川遂寧·中考真題）SomepeoplebelievethathumanscouldliveontheplanetMarsbytheyear2100.Ourownplanet,theEarth,isbeingmoreandmorecrowdedandpolluted.ItishopedthatpeoplecouldstartalloveragainandbuildabetterworldonMars.Hereiswhatlifetherecouldbelike.Atpresent,ourspacecraftaretooslowtocarrylargenumbersofpassengerstoMars—itwouldtakemonths.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,bytheyear2100,thejourneymightonlytakeabout20minutesinspacecraftthattravelatthespeedoflight!However,thespacecraftwouldtravelreallyfast,sothejourneytoMarsmightbequiteunfortable.Manypeoplewouldfeelill.Humanscan’tlivewithoutwater,airorfood.Sofar,nobodyknowswhethertherewouldbeenoughwateroraironMarsforpeople.Moreover,scientistsarenotsurewhetherplantscouldgrowonMars.Foodwouldmostprobablybeintheformofpills（藥片）andwouldnotbesotasty.paredwithlifeontheearth,lifeonMarswouldbebetterinsomeways.Peoplewouldhavemorespace.Theymightliveinhouseswithhugefortablerooms.Also,robotswoulddoalotoftheirworksothattheycouldhavemoretimetorelax.TherewouldprobablybenoschoolsonMars.Everystudentwouldstudyatonlineschoolswith“e—teachers”.LifeonMarswouldbeinterestingandchallenging.However,itmaytakehundredoryearstomakeittrue.Sothemostimportantthingweneedtodonowistoprotectourbeautifulblueplanet—theEarth!1．PeoplewouldmovetoMarsbecause________.A．theearthiscrowdedandpolluted B．theywanttochallengethemselvesC．flyingtoMarswouldbefun D．plantscouldgrowbetterthere2．Theunderlinedword“spacecraft”means________.A．Spaceships B．hotairballoons C．spacestations D．planes3．WhatwouldtheflighttoMarsbelikebytheyear2100?A．Fastandenjoyable. B．Fastbutunfortable.C．Slowandboring. D．Slowbutfortable.4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．TherewouldbeenoughwaterandaironMarsforpeople.B．FoodonMarswouldbemoredeliciousthanthatontheearth.C．PeoplewouldbebusywithworkonMars.D．ThewriterthinkslivingonMarswouldbefullofchallenges.5．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．SchoolsonMars B．FoodonMarsC．LifeonMars D．EnvironmentontheEarth【答案】1．A2．A3．B4．D5．C【導語】本文主要介紹了關于火星的一些信息和關于人類生活在火星上的一些想象。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1段“Ourownplanet,theEarth,isbeingmoreandmorecrowdedandpolluted.”可知，因為我們自己的星球，地球正變得越來越擁擠和污染，所以才決定去火星，故選A。2．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Atpresent,ourspacecraftaretooslowtocarrylargenumbersofpassengerstoMars”（現(xiàn)在，我們的宇宙飛船太慢以至于不能帶大量的人去火星）可知帶人們?nèi)セ鹦堑膽撌怯钪骘w船，spacecraft應該是“宇宙飛船”的意思，故選A。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2段“However,thespacecraftwouldtravelreallyfast,sothejourneytoMarsmightbequiteunfortable.”（然而，宇宙飛船的速度非常快，所以前往火星的旅程可能會非常不舒服。）可知去火星的飛行很快但不舒服，故選B。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第2段“LifeonMarswouldbeinterestingandchallenging.”可知，火星上的生活將是有趣而富有挑戰(zhàn)性的。故選D。5．標題歸納題。根據(jù)整篇文章和第1段“ItishopedthatpeoplecouldstartalloveragainandbuildabetterworldonMars,Hereiswhatlifetherecouldbelike.”（人們希望人類可以重新開始，在火星上建立一個更美好的世界，那里的生活可以是這樣的。）可知，文章是想象人們搬到火星上的生活。故選C。（2023·山東煙臺·統(tǒng)考中考真題）April23isknownasWorldBookDay.TheideaofsettingadaytoencouragereadingcameoutfromUNESCO(聯(lián)合國教科文組織)in1995.Infact,itstartedlongbeforethatinSpain.In1922,SpanishwriterVicenteClavelAndréssuggestedtheideaasawaytohonortheirfamouswriterMigueldeCervantes.Fouryearslater,thefirstcelebrationtookplaceonOctober7,Cervantes’birthday.In1930,itwasmovedtoApril23,thedateofhisdeath.Everyyearsince2001,onecityaroundtheworldischosentobetheUNESCOWorldBookCapitalforayear.Thetaskofthecityistocarryoutactivitiestoencourage“acultureofreadingandspreadingitsvaluesinallagesinandoutofthecountry.”ThoughnoChinesecitieshavebeenchosenastheWorldBookCapitalsofar,arecentnationalsurveyshowsasteady(穩(wěn)定的)riseinreadingasahabitinChina.Accordingtothesurvey,eachChineseadultreadanaverageof4.78printedbooksand3.33ebooksin2022,bothabithigherthanthefiguresfrom2021.Besides,listeningtoaudiobooks(有聲讀物)wasanotherrisinghabit,with35.5percentofadultssayingtheywereusedtolisteningtothem.Readingbooksgivespeoplethechancetolookintodifferentworldsandmeetnewpeoplebothrealandimagined.AncientChinesebelievedinthesaying:Readtenthousandbooksandtraveltenthousandmiles.Readingisawaytolearnfromthepast,understandtheworld,andgetlifewisdom(智慧).SomakeeverydayWorldBookDay!1．WhendidSpainfirstholdacelebrationtohonorCervantes?A．In1922. B．In1926. C．In1930. D．In1995.2．WhatshouldaWorldBookCapitalcitydo?A．Helpsellbookstoallages. B．SpreadUNESCO’svalues.C．Organizereaderstovisitthecity. D．Carryoutreadingactivities.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto(指代)?A．Printedbooks. B．Ebooks. C．Audiobooks. D．Culturalbooks.4．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．ThemeaningofaChinesesaying.B．Theimportanceofreadingbooks.C．Themethodofgettinglifewisdom.D．Thewayoflookingintodifferentworlds【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．B【導語】本文主要介紹了“世界讀書日”的由來、世界圖書之都的意義以及讀書的重要性。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In1922,...Fouryearslater,thefirstcelebrationtookplaceonOctober7,Cervantes’birthday.”可知，第一次慶祝是在1926年，故選B。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thetaskofthecityistocarryoutactivitiestoencourage‘a(chǎn)cultureofreadingandspreadingitsvaluesinallagesinandoutofthecountry.’”可知，世界圖書之都的任務是開展活動，鼓勵“一種閱讀文化，并在國內(nèi)外各個年齡段傳播其價值觀”。故選D。3．代詞指代題。根據(jù)“Besides,listeningtoaudiobooks(有聲讀物)wasanotherrisinghabit,with35.5percentofadultssayingtheywereusedtolisteningtothem.”（此外，聽有聲書是另一個日益增長的習慣，35.5%的成年人表示他們習慣聽有聲書）可知，劃線的them指的是上文提到的“有聲書”，故選C。4．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Readingbooksgivespeoplethechancetolookintodifferentworldsandmeetnewpeoplebothrealandimagined...”可知，本段主要講述了讀書的重要性，故選B。（2023·山東泰安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）ChinahassentthefinalsectionofitsTiangongspacestationintospace.Aftera13hourtrip,thenewsection,knownasMengtian,docked(對接)withTiangongspacestationontheearlymorningofNovember1st,2022,finallypletingit.ThenewsectionwaslaunchedfromHainanIslandinthesouthofChina.Foryears,Chinahasbeenworkinghardtocreateitsownspacestation.Lastyear,Chinabegantolaunchthreemodules(艙)ofTiangongspacestation,oneatatime.Themainmodule,Tianhe,waslaunchedinApril2021.Itholdsthepowersourceandmaincontrolsforthestation,aswellastheastronauts’livingarea.InJuly2022,Chinalauncheditsfirstlaboratorymodule,Wentian,whichisthecountry’slargesteverspacecraft.Thenewmodule,Mengtian(meaning“dreamingoftheheavens”),isalsodesignedasalaboratory.Itisabout18meterslongandhas8specialresearchareasforexperiments(實驗).Mengtianissetupsothatexperimentscanalsoberunoutsidethemoduleitself.ChineseastronautscanusespecialroboticarmstorunexperimentsfrominsideTiangong.China’sspaceprogramisworkingwiththeEuropeanSpaceAgencyonsomeexperimentsontheMengtian,Chinasaysthatoneday,foreignastronautswillalsobeabletovisitTiangong.Tiangongspacestationisexpectedtolast10to15years.ThoughtheMengtianmodulepletesthestation,Chinacouldaddmoremodulesinthefuture.China’sspaceprogramhasgrowngreatlyinrecentyearswithaseriesofsuccesses.In2020,forexample,itsChang’e5probereturnedtotheearthcarryingmoonrocks.Thosewerethefirstmoonsamplesbroughttotheearthsincethe1970s.1．Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“l(fā)aunched”inthefirstparagraphistheclosestto“________”.A．sentup B．landed C．takenoff D．setup2．Whichmoduleistheastronauts’livingareain?A．Tianhe. B．Wentian. C．Mengtian. D．Itisnotmentioned.3．WhenwasChina’slargestspacecraftlaunched?A．In2020. B．InApril2021.C．InJuly2022. D．OnNovember1st,2022.4．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．NomoremodulescanbedockedwithTiangonginthefuture.B．Chang’e5probebroughtmoonrocksbacktotheearthin2020.C．ChinacreatedTiangongspacestationtogetherwithEuropeanSpaceAgency.D．Chineseastronautscan’tuseroboticarmstorunexperimentsfrominsideTiangong.【答案】1．A2．A3．C4．B【導語】本文主要介紹了中國在航天事業(yè)上的發(fā)展。1．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Foryears,Chinahasbeenworkinghardtocreateitsownspacestation.Lastyear,Chinabegantolaunchthreemodules(艙)ofTiangongspacestation,oneatatime.”可知多年來，中國一直在努力建設自己的空間站。去年，中國應該是開始發(fā)射天宮空間站的三個模塊，一次一個，所以第一段的launched表示“發(fā)射”，和sentup近義，故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Themainmodule,Tianhe,waslaunchedinApril2021.Itholdsthepowersourceandmaincontrolsforthestation,aswellastheastronauts’livingarea.”可知宇航員的生活區(qū)在天河艙，故選A。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“InJuly2022,Chinalauncheditsfirstlaboratorymodule,Wentian,whichisthecountry’slargesteverspacecraft.”可知2022年7月，中國發(fā)射了有史以來最大的航天器。故選C。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In2020,forexample,itsChang’e5probereturnedtotheearthcarryingmoon’rocks.”可知2020年，嫦娥五號探測器將月球巖石帶回了地球。故選B。（2023·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Squirrels(松鼠)arecuteandinterestinganimalsthatcanbefoundinmanypartsoftheworld.Theyareknownfortheirlongtails,bigteeth,andtheabilitytoclimbtrees.Theycanjumpupto6metersinheight,andtheycanrunupto32kilometerseveryhour.Squirrelshavesoftbodies.Theireyesarehighontheirsmallheadsandareplacedoneachsidesotheycanseewideandfarwithouthavingtoturnaround.Thisoftenhelpsthemgetoutofdanger.Squirrelshavefourbigteethinthefrontoftheirmouththatkeepgrowingallthroughtheirlives.Theyareknownfortheirloveofnuts(堅果),andtheycaneatasmuchfoodastheirbodyweighteachweek.Theywilloftenkeepnutsinthegroundforthelongwintermonths.Manypeoplethinkthatsquirrelsonlyeatnuts,butthisisn’ttrue.Theyalsoliketoeatplants,fruits,eggs,smallanimalsandevenyoungsnakes.Onefunnythingisthatsquirrelsaregoodatplantingtrees.Theyhidethefruitsofoaktrees,butoftenforgetwheretheyputthem.Intheend,theforgottenfruitsbeebigtrees.1．Howhighcansquirrelsjump?A．6meters. B．6kilometers. C．32meters. D．32kilometers.2．Whatdosquirrelshave?A．Shorttails. B．Bigteeth. C．Coldbodies. D．Bigheads.3．Whydosquirrelskeepnutsintheground?A．Toeatinwinter. B．Toplanttrees. C．Tolosesomeweight. D．Tohavefun.4．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanyouprobablyreadthispassage?A．Art. B．Sports. C．Animals. D．History.【答案】1．A2．B3．A4．C【導語】本文主要介紹了有關松鼠的相關知識。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theycanjumpupto6metersinheight”可知松鼠可以跳到6米高，故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theyareknownfortheirlongtails,bigteeth,andtheabilitytoclimbtrees.”可知松鼠有大牙齒，故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theywilloftenkeepnutsinthegroundforthelongwintermonths.”可知松鼠把堅果藏在地下是為了在冬天吃。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹了有關松鼠的相關知識，所以可以在雜志的動物部分看到，故選C。（2023·四川德陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Inthenearfuture,thedoctorswhotreatourillnessmightbetinymachinesthatswimthroughourbodies.Somemovieshaveplayedwiththeideaofm