高考英語語法精講精練專題十狀語從句和并列句?？键c

專題十狀語從句和并列句?？键c狀語從句是一項較大的語法項目，也是近幾年高考題中常見的一個重要試點。由從句擔任的狀語，在句子中可修飾謂語(或其他動詞)、形容詞、副詞或是整個句子。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結構和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。掌握狀語從句的關鍵是要掌握引導不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞。eq\a\vs4\al(1)狀語從句中從屬連詞when，while，as的多種含義when：當……時候；就在那時；既然；雖然；在……之后；as：一邊……一邊；隨著；雖然；因為；依照，如……；while：在……期間；而；雖然。用when，while和as填空：①Hewilltakemyplace________Iamaway.②Iwashavingmylunch________thefirealarmwentoff.③________youhavefinishedyourwork，youmayhavearest.④________heswam，hecriedforhelp.⑤________theInternetisofgreathelp，Idon'tthinkitgoodtospendtoomuchtimeonit.【答案】①while②when③When④As⑤Whileeq\a\vs4\al(2)as引導讓步狀語從句as引導讓步狀語從句時要倒裝，若是倒裝，需將所強調的成分即名詞(句首名詞不能有任何冠詞)、形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前。[注]①though引導狀語從句可以倒裝也可以不倒裝，although不能引起倒裝。②as，though，although引導從句時，后面的主句不能有but，但可以和still，yet連用。完成下列句子：①________________(雖然他是個孩子)，heknowswhatistherightthingtodo.②________________(雖然他工作很努力)，heneverseemedabletodotheworksatisfactorily.③_______________(雖然你可能失敗)，youshouldnevergiveup.【答案】①Childasheis②Hardasheworked③Failasyoumayeq\a\vs4\al(3)before的用法注意判斷before在狀語從句中的含義：才；就；趁……沒有；還沒來得及；寧可……也不；不知不覺。1.判斷下列各句中before的含義：()①Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.()②Wehadn'trunamilebeforehefelttired.()③Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.()④BeforeIcouldgetinaword，hehadmeasuredme.()⑤Shewoulddiebeforeshe'dgivein.()⑥Threemonthswentbybeforeweknewit.2.區(qū)別以下句型：用before，that，since，when填空：①It'sthreedays________hereturnedhome.②Itwasthreedays________hereturnedhome.③Itwillbethreedays________hereturnshome.④Itwasthreedayslater________hereturnedhome.⑤Itwasthreeo'clock________hereturned.【答案】1.①才②就③趁……沒有④還沒來得及⑤寧可……也不⑥不知不覺2.①since②before③before④that⑤when[注]解答此類題目關鍵有三點：首先要確定是不是強調句，當我們把itis/was以及連接詞去掉時，剩余部分若能構成一個完整的句子，就是強調句，這時連詞用that；否則，就要考慮它的句式特點。其次要看是時間段還是時間點。再次是連接詞前后的時態(tài)。當確定為時間段時，連接詞前后時態(tài)不一致，用since；時態(tài)一致，用before；當確定為時間點時，強調句就用that，否則就用when。eq\a\vs4\al(4)where引導的定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系where引導定語從句時，相當于in/at/towhich；where引導狀語從句時，相當于in/at/totheplacewhere...如：Pleasemakeamarkintheplacewhereyouhaveaquestion.(定語從句)Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.(狀語從句)①Helivesinthequietsmallvillage________Iworkedtenyearsago.②Helivesin________iscalledtheFairyLandOutsideoftheWorld.＝Helivesintheplace________iscalledtheFairyLandOutsideoftheWorld.③—Mum，whatdidyourdoctorsay?—Headvisedmetolive________theairisfresher.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where④________othersareweak，heisstrong.A.WhereB.IntheplaceC.WhichD.While【答案】①where②what；that/which③D④Aeq\a\vs4\al(5)unless的用法unless意為“除非；如果不”，相當于if...not。①Mostbirdsfinditsafetosleepinthetrees，but________theyhaveeggsoryoungchicks，theydon'tuseanest.A.whyB.howC.unlessD.where②Youmustkeeponworkingintheevening，________youaresureyoucanfinishthetaskintime.A.asB.ifC.whenD.unless③Wewon'tkeepwinninggames________wekeepplayingwell.A.becauseB.unlessC.whenD.while④Intimeofseriousaccidents，________weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid，wecansavelives.A.whetherB.untilC.ifD.unless【答案】①C②D③B④Ceq\a\vs4\al(6)so...that...和such...that...引導結果狀語從句的區(qū)別①so＋形容詞/副詞＋that...so＋形容詞＋a(n)＋名詞＋that...②such＋a(n)＋形容詞＋名詞＋that...such＋形容詞＋不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)＋that...[注]so/such...that...放在句首時要倒裝。完成下列句子：①Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.＝Heis________________thatweallrespecthim.＝So________________thatweallrespecthim.＝Such________________thatweallrespecthim.②Hemade________rapidprogressthattheteacherpraisedhim.＝Hemade________muchprogressthattheteacherpraisedhim.【答案】①sogoodateacher；goodateacherishe；agoodteacherishe②such；so注意句型：①表示目的狀語的幾種表達：Hegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.＝Hegotupearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.＝Hegotupearlysoastocatchtheearlybus.＝Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.＝Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.②Hishumourwassuchastomakeusalllaugh.＝Hewassohumourousastomakeusalllaugh.eq\a\vs4\al(7)“一……就……”的表達法“一……就……”的表達法有：assoonas，hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...，themoment/minute/second/instant，immediately/instantly/directly，on/upon＋n./doing。完成下列句子：他一到達車站，汽車就發(fā)動了。__________(連詞)hearrivedatthestation，thebusstarted.＝________(連詞)hadhearrivedatthestationwhenthebusstarted.＝________(連詞)hadhearrivedatthestationthanthebusstarted.＝________(副詞)hearrivedatthestation，thebusstarted.＝________(名詞)hearrivedatthestation，thebusstarted.＝________(介詞)hisarrivalatthestation，thebusstarted.【答案】Assoonas；Hardly/Scarcely；Nosooner；Immediately/Directly/Instantly；Themoment/minute/second/instant；Upon/Oneq\a\vs4\al(8)注意倍數(shù)的表達倍數(shù)放在形容詞或副詞的原級、比較級或名詞前。如：①Thisriveristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.Thisriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone.Thisriveristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.②Ihavetwiceasmanybooksashehas.Ihavetwiceasmuchmoneyashehas.完成下列句子：①這個房間是那個房間的兩倍大。Theroomis________________________asthatone.Theroomis________________thanthatone.Theroomis________________________ofthatone.②Theincomeofthisyearistwice________oflastyear.Theincomeofthisyearistwice________itwaslastyear.【答案】①twiceasbig；twicebigger；twicethesize②that；whateq\a\vs4\al(9)until/till的用法until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。如：Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.[注]否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。①肯定句：She________(sleep)untilmidnight.否定句：She________(arrive)untilmidnight.②Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhefinishedhiswork.＝____．(倒裝句)＝____．(強調句)【答案】①slept；didn'tarrive②Notuntilhefinishedhisworkdidhegotobed；Itwasnotuntilhefinishedhisworkthathewenttobedeq\a\vs4\al(10)狀語從句中的常用連詞和特殊連詞從句類型常用連接詞特殊連接詞時間狀語從句when，while，as，before，after，since，till，until，assoonas一些時間名詞：themoment，theinstant，theminute，theday，nexttime，everytime，thefirsttime，thelasttime一些副詞：instantly，immediately，directly固定搭配的連詞：nosooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when地點狀語從句wherewherever，anywhere原因狀語從句because，since，as，forseeingthat，consideringthat，giventhat，inthat，nowthat，forthereasonthat目的狀語從句(so)that，inorderthatlest，forfearthat，incase結果狀語從句so/such...that，sothattothe/suchadegreethat，tothe/suchanextentthat條件狀語從句if，unless，aslongassuppose，supposing，providing，provided，onconditionthat讓步狀語從句although，though，eventhough，evenifwhile(一般用于句首)，as(用于倒裝結構)，wh－ever＝nomatterwh－，whether...or...比較狀語從句as，thanthemore...，themore...方式狀語從句as，asif/thoughthe(same)way，AistoBwhatCistoD①Myparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehouse________thereisapowerout.A.ifB.unlessC.incaseD.sothat②Myparentsdon'tmindwhatjobIdo________Iamhappy.A.eventhoughB.assoonasC.aslongasD.asthough【答案】①C②Ceq\a\vs4\al(11)狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象當when，while，if，unless，as，though，asif，asthough等引導時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句時，如果從句的主語與主句的主語一致(或雖不一致，是it)，從句的謂語又包含動詞be，就可省略從句中的“主語＋be”部分。if，unless，when，though，once，asif等連詞后用－ing表示主動，－ed表示被動；asif后如表示目的，則用todo表示。[注]after，before，since，without后接beingdone表示被動。完成下列句子：①____________(如果有必要的話)，I'llexplaintoyouagain.②Although________(lack)money，theysenttheirchildrentoschool.③When____________(complete)，thehallcanhold2，000people.④Hestoppedasif____________(see)ifsomeonefollowedhim.【答案】①Ifnecessary②lacking③completed④toseeeq\a\vs4\al(12)however和whatever引導狀語從句的區(qū)別however后接形容詞或副詞，相當于nomatterhow；而whatever后接名詞，相當于nomatterwhat。用however，whatever填空：①________difficultitmaybe，youshouldn'tgiveup.________difficultiesyoumaycomeacross，youshouldn'tgiveup.________manydifficultiesyoumaycomeacross，youshouldn'tgiveup.②Youcandress________youlike.Youcanwear________youlike.【答案】①However；Whatever；However②however；whatevereq\a\vs4\al(13)并列連詞表示轉折對比關系的并列連詞：Thecarisold，(and/but)yetitisingoodcondition.＝Thecarisold，butitisingoodcondition.＝Thecarisold.However(＝Nevertheless＝Still)，itisingoodcondition.[注]but不與although連用，但yet，still可與although連用。for常出現(xiàn)在并列句中，不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供一些補充說明，常位于兩個并列句中間，不可位于句首。①UnlikewatchingTV，readingisahighlyactiveprocess________itrequiresattentionaswellasmemoryandimagination.A.untilB.butC.unlessD.for②Theoldteacherfounditincreasinglydifficulttoread，________hereyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.andB.forC.butD.or③Sheisseriouslyill，________shedoesn'tgiveuphope.A.thoughB.butC.stillD.however【答案】①D②B③B1.(2014·江蘇卷)Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,________historycannotbechanged.A.thoughB.asC.sinceD.unless2.(2014·天津卷)________youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.A.UnlessB.AlthoughC.BeforeD.Once3.(2014·重慶卷)Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn'tgetataxi________thebushaddroppedher.A.untilB.whenC.althoughD.where4.(2014·北京卷)Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother,________plantscanspreadtonewplaces.A.soB.orC.forD.but5.(2014·陜西卷)Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,left________Icouldaskfortheirnames.A.whileB.beforeC.afterD.since6.(2013·江蘇卷)Intheglobaleconomy，anewdrugforcancer，________itisdiscovered，willcreatemanyeconomicpossibilitiesaroundtheworld.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whereverD.whichever7.(2013·北京卷)Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks________animalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where8.(2013·全國新課標卷)IwasgladtomeetJennyagain，________Ididn'twanttospendalldaywithher.A.butB.andC.soD.or9.(2013·山東卷)MarkneedstolearnChinese________hiscompanyisopeningabranchinBeijing.A.unlessB.untilC.althoughD.since10.(2012·重慶卷)—Coach，canIcontinuewiththetraining?—Sorry，youcan't________youhaven'trecoveredfromthekneeinjury.A.untilB.beforeC.asD.unless【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.A9.D10.C1.Thedog，if________，willbemadeagoodwatchdog.A.totrainproperlyB.beingtrainedproperlyC.properlytotrainD.trainedproperly2.Howlongdoyousupposeitis________hearrivedhere?A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.since3.—Howlongdidthemeetinglastyesterdayafternoon?—Itwasalmostsuppertime________themeetingwasover.A.thatB.untilC.whenD.which4.TherewasneveranytimeforKatetofeellonely，________shewasanonlychild.A.eversinceB.nowthatC.eventhoughD.evenas5.Manyadultsagreethatteenagersshouldn'tlivealone________theyhavetheirparents'permission.A.ifB.unlessC.incaseD.nowthat6.Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterview________youhaveconfidence.A.beforeB.onceC.untilD.though7.Though________ofthedanger，hestillwentskatingonthethinice.A.warningB.towarnC.warnD.warned8.Hehadhardlyreachedtheairport________hestartedforhisdestination.A.whereB.afterC.sinceD.when9.________people'slifeisgettingbetterandbetter，thereisagrowingdemandforpetrolallovertheworld.A.ThoughB.WhenC.WhileD.As10.Thereweresomechairsleftover________everyonehadsatdown.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.where11.Thelawyerseldomwearsanythingotherthanasuit，________theseason.A.whateverB.whereverC.wheneverD.however12.________wellpreparedyouare，youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.NomatterD.Although13.Howcanyouexpecttolearnanything________youneverlisten?A.evenifB.unlessC.incaseD.when14.—Whydidn'tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?—Herushedoutoftheroom________Icouldsayaword.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.after15.Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusydryingmyselfwithatowel________Iheardthesteps.A.whileB.whenC.sinceD.after16.Itwassometimelater________werealizedthetruth.A.untilB.beforeC.thatD.since17.Thedoctoradvisedmetolive________itiswarmandabithumidforthesakeofmypneumonia.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where18.—Dad，I'vefinishedmyassignment.—Good，and________youplayorwatchTV，youmustn'tdisturbme.A.wheneverB.whetherC.whateverD.nomatter19.________wecan'tremoveourtroublesinlifeforever，wecanleavethembehindwhenweareonvacation.A.WhenB.WhileC.UnlessD.Until20.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto'clock________hearrivedhome.A.beforeB.whenC.thatD.until21.Ithoughtherniceandhonest________Imether.A.thefirstti