高考英語語法講解之名詞性從句

2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語學(xué)案專題九名詞性從句【典例精析】

1.(2007山東，22)CouldIspeakto____isinchargeofInternationalSales,please?A.anyone B.someone C.whoever D.nomatterwho【解析】C.“isinchargeofInternationalSales”表語從句，缺少引導(dǎo)詞和主語。其中A.B.選項后面需加定語從句引導(dǎo)詞who；而nomatterwho不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句。2.（2008重慶，25）PeopleinChongqingareproudof__theyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears.A.that B.which Cwhat D.how【解析】C“theyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears”做介詞of的賓語，賓語從句中缺少haveachieved的賓語。3.（2008山東，23）____wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.A.It BThis C.What D.As【解析】C.句子的主干為“____wasmostimportanttoherwasherfamily”很明顯此句的主語是個從句，主語從句中缺主語。4.（09山東）Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain_________shewasandwaittorhermother.A.whereB.whatC.howD.who【解析】Aremain是系動詞，后加表語從句，由句意可知，從句缺地點狀語，所以選A。5.（09湖南）Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoittakestosaveherlife.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever【解析】C名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：她對我們來說是非常寶貴，我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好做一切來拯救她的生命。6.（09江西）Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists______theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though【解析】C間隔式同位語從句的用法。即先行詞是thefact和that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中間隔了謂語部分。7.（09海南）CouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever【解析】Cwhoever既作了

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的賓語，又作isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?的主語?！皐hoever”作代詞，／anypersonwho／thepersonwho／“任何人”、“無論誰”、“……的人”。8.（09陜西）Thehowtobookcanbeofhelptowantstodothejob.A.whoB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.whoever【解析】D此處從做介詞to的賓語，是名詞性從句，引導(dǎo)詞做從句的主語，指人，意思是：無論是誰，選D。9.（09海南）OneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwasofpublichealthA.whatB.thisC.thatD.which【解析】C句意為：他們必須考慮其中最重要的問題是公共衛(wèi)生?？疾閠hat作代詞，that作代詞，往往用于特指，相當(dāng)于“that＋名詞”，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。10.（09上海）Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof_______hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how【解析】D考查賓語從句用法。句意“作為一個新的外交家，他常常想到在這樣的場合下，他如何才能作出更恰當(dāng)?shù)姆磻?yīng)”?？芍xD符合。11.（09四川）8.Newscamefromtheschooloffice________WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where【解析】C在該題中that引導(dǎo)了一個同位語從句來解釋說明news的內(nèi)容，由于該題把同位語從句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)而錯誤選擇了D項?！緦ｎ}突破】要求學(xué)生在做題中要注意如下幾點：1.分析結(jié)構(gòu)，辨析名詞性從句和狀語從句；2.理解句意，正確區(qū)別引導(dǎo)詞；3.按照句意，出現(xiàn)那個引導(dǎo)詞意思，便選擇那個引導(dǎo)詞。1.Thereisacommonbeliefamongthem___rubbishcanandshouldbeputtogooduse.A.which B.if C.whose D.that2.__hasbeenmentionedabove,continuedchairmanafterhetookasipofcoffee,____theprojectmustbecarriedoutbeforespringfloodcomes.A.As;thatB.That;whichC.This;whichD.It;that3.DavidBeckhamhas___ittaketobecomeaprofessionalfootballplayer.A．who B．what C．which D．that4.Nobodywouldstandoutadmittingthefact,forsomereason,theylostthegame.A.thatB.whichC.what D.why5.---Thepatientlooksmuchbetter.isitthathasmadehimheistoday?---Perhapsthespecialmedicineandhisfamily’spatientcare.A．What;thatB．That;that C．What;what D．What;which6.Afterthreehours’climbing,theyreachedtheythoughtwastheplacethey’dbeendreamingof.A．whatB．whichC．where D．that7.Aplanhasbeenputforward__moregraduatesshouldgotoworkinthecountryA.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how8.Itisprettywellunderstood__________controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how9.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____________roadconditionsneed____________.A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improvingD.when;improving10.______madetheschoolproudwas______morethat90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What…becauseB.What…thatC.That…whatD.That…because11.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?—Oh,that’s____________.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited12.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis________Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.How13.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand________theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how參考答案和解析：1.【解析】D“___rubbishcanandshouldbeputtogooduse.”是acommonbelief的同位語從句，從句中意思完整,結(jié)構(gòu)完整。2.【解析】A“__hasbeenmentionedabove”是定語從句，而“____theprojectmustbecarriedoutbeforespringfloodcomes.”是動詞continued的賓語從句，賓語從句中句意和結(jié)構(gòu)都完整，故選that，結(jié)合第一個空，得答案A.3.【解析】B“_______ittakestobeaprofessionalfootballer”做has的賓語，賓語從句中缺少takes的賓語。句意“貝克擁有成為一名職業(yè)足球運動員所需要的品質(zhì)”4.【解析】A“_______theylostthegame.”在句子中做thefact的同位語從句,從句意思結(jié)構(gòu)完整,結(jié)構(gòu)完整。5.【解析】C先將句子結(jié)構(gòu)理清楚，itis___thathasmadehim___heistoday就可以判斷，第一個空是考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問形式；第二個空則是表語從句，表語從句中缺少heis的表語。句意：病人好多了，是什么使得他成為現(xiàn)在這個樣子。6.【解析】A考生誤以為是地點狀語從句，誤選C．where。而reached是及物動詞，后邊接的是賓語從句，賓語從句除去插入語theythought，應(yīng)該缺主語。7.【解析】B考察同位語從句，表達(dá)Aplan的具體內(nèi)容，hasbeenputforward將名詞與從句隔開，加大了難度。8.【解析】C主要測試主語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：句子屬于形式主語格式；另外主句中缺少主語。雙重作用的引導(dǎo)詞只能是what。例如：Itisstilldoubtfulwhathesaidatthemeetingyesterday。昨天他在會上說的話仍然值得懷疑。9.【解析】C主要測試同位語從句。由句子語境可知句意;有個新的問題卷入私家車行列：道路狀況需要改進(jìn)。結(jié)合同位語從句的定義可知：問題的具體內(nèi)容既是：到了狀況需要改進(jìn)。因此屬于該句型結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Therewasanewproblemputforwardatthemeetingwherewecouldgettheloan。會議上提出一個新問題，我們到哪兒弄到貸款。10．【解析】B主要測試主語從句和表語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：句子______madetheschoolproud缺少主語，另外還要引導(dǎo)主語從句，故此只能選擇what，由此先排除C、D兩答案。再結(jié)合句子______morethat90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities結(jié)構(gòu)完整不缺少成分，只需要引導(dǎo)詞。句子意思：讓我們學(xué)校自豪的是百分之九十多的學(xué)生被重點大學(xué)錄取。11.【解析】A主要測試表語從句。此試題測試的重點在于表語從句及起引導(dǎo)詞。句子意思：——你仍在考慮昨天的比賽嗎？———哦，那正是讓我感到興奮的地方。可以利用排除法：B、C、D三個答案中結(jié)構(gòu)或句子意思不符合語境。12.【解析】C主要測試表語從句。解題的關(guān)鍵在于分清句子中動詞disagree的詞性：不及物動詞。句子意思：你說每個人應(yīng)該平等，這正是我不同意的地方。13.【解析】A主要測試賓語從句。充分把握題干挖掘所有可能存在的信息。意思：路上有積雪。我不理解他們?yōu)楹螆猿烛T摩托車去。此題可以結(jié)合語境及答案兩方面，逐一排查尋找最佳答案。充分注意所給答案能夠充當(dāng)句子什么成分這也是解題的關(guān)鍵?！緦W(xué)法導(dǎo)航】考生對于名詞性從句的復(fù)習(xí)和應(yīng)試關(guān)鍵要把握每個引導(dǎo)詞的意義，因為在對于名詞性從句的考查中，引導(dǎo)詞在句子中都起作用，有意義，因此在分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，對比辨別名詞性從句、狀語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句式后，最后還是要選擇引導(dǎo)詞；另外還要注意以下幾點：1．what引導(dǎo)詞的考查，尤其位于介詞后引導(dǎo)的賓語從句以及引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時的雙重作用。2．Whether和if的區(qū)別，尤其注意他們的不同之處。3．名詞性從句和其它從句的兼容結(jié)構(gòu)測試。4.句子語序和時態(tài)。具體說：1.掌握名詞性從句的分類功能名詞性從句根據(jù)其在主句的功能作用又可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。1)若從句在句中作主語為主語從句Whathesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(NMET93)2.)若從句在句中作賓語為賓語從句Irememberwhenthisusedtobeaquietvillage.(NMET93)3.)若從句在句中作表語為表語從句-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthatwhyyouhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)4)若從句在句中作同位語為同位語從句Wewilldiscussthequestionwhetherwewillgothereornot.2.掌握連詞的含義及分類絕大多數(shù)名詞性從句的連詞都有其實在意義，稱為有義連詞，如what表“……的內(nèi)容”，when表“……的時間”，where表“……的地點”，why表“……的原因”，how表“如何；怎樣”，who表“誰”，if、whether表“是否”；沒有實在意義的連詞叫無義連詞，無義連詞只有that一個。3.掌握名詞性從句的語序名詞性從句用陳述語序。4.掌握名詞性從句和其它從句之間的關(guān)系有些連詞除引導(dǎo)名詞性從句外還可引導(dǎo)其它從句，應(yīng)掌握它們之間的關(guān)系。1)if,whether表"是否"時引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；if表“如果”時引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；whether表“無論是否；不管是否”時引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。2)when表“……的時間”，where表“……的地方”時引導(dǎo)名詞從句；when表“當(dāng)……的時候”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，where表“……的地方”，且修飾行為動詞時，引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句；when,where從句作定語修飾先行詞時引導(dǎo)定語從句。【專題綜合】1.wecannotfigureout____quitanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.A.that B.as C.why D.when2.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,___ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.where B.what C.that D.How3.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.why B.what C.who D.that4.Theplace__thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;where B.atwhich;which C.atwhich;where D.which;inwhich5.Theshopkeeperdidn’twanttosellfor__hethoughtwasnotenough.Awhere B.how C.what D.which6.Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome___Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.A.if B.when C.that D.which7.Seetheflagontopofthebuilding?Thatwas___wedidthismorning.Awhen B.which C.where D.what8．Thegovernmenthasannouncedthatamoderncitywillbesetupin____isstillawastelandnow.A.what B.which C.that D.where9．Manypeoplewrotearticleson___LiuXianghadfailedtocompeteintheevent.A.why B.what C.who D.that10．Thecouplearespendingtheirholidayon__isdescribedasoneofthemostbeautifulislands.A.that B.what C.which D.where11．Thebookismeantto___needsit.A.who B.whoever C.whomever D.whom12.Inhisspeech,PremierWenJiabaopointsoutthatcreativityis__ittakestokeepanationhighlycompetitive.A.how B.what C.which D.that13．TheexperienceoftheChinesenationatteststoatruth____anationlosesintimesofdisasterwillbemadeupforbyherprogressA.thatwhat B.what C.that D.whatthat14．___hasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebusesforthepeople,ashortageofpublicvehiclesremainsaseriousproblem.A.That B.What C.InspiteofwhatD.Thoughwhat15.____iscertainis___preventionismoreimportantthantreatment.A.It;that B.What;that C.As;what D.What;what參考答案和解析：1.【解析】Cfigureout后接賓語從句，根據(jù)從句要表達(dá)的意思“為什么很多昆蟲，鳥，和動物在逐漸滅絕”2.【解析】B“ourastronautsdesiretodo”是主語從句，從句中缺少do的賓語3.【解析】A“theteamhadfailedtowinthegame”是詞on的賓語從句，從句中不缺主干，故排除B和C.再根據(jù)句意“為什么這個隊沒能贏”4.【解析】C“hebridgeissupposedtobebuilt”是定語從句，修飾名詞place?！癶ecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest”組在句中做表語，表語從句引導(dǎo)詞中沒有inwhich，兩空結(jié)合5.【解析】C.那位店主不愿意以他認(rèn)為不夠高的價格出售他的商品。本題考察賓語從句的用法。難度在于“hethought”的干擾。從句中缺少主語故選C.what6.【解析】C.句意：我腦海中突然出現(xiàn)一個溫情的念頭，用我的零花錢給媽媽買些鮮花作為她的生日禮物。本題考察名詞性從句用法。Imightusethepocketmoneytobuy