高考英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 歸納拓展 鞏固提升語(yǔ)法專題十四 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)含解析 譯林牛津版

語(yǔ)法專題十四動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其意義和句法作用,可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四大類。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又稱行為動(dòng)詞,為表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ),實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩類。英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)通常由動(dòng)詞加介詞、副詞、名詞等構(gòu)成,在句中起動(dòng)詞的作用。高考設(shè)題時(shí)往往都是給出四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)測(cè)試考生在具體語(yǔ)境中對(duì)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞意的辨析及其理解和運(yùn)用能力。主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇及完形填空中?？键c(diǎn)一常用動(dòng)詞辨析1.advise,persuade,suggestadvise用作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“勸告,忠告,建議”,強(qiáng)調(diào)提醒或引起注意;persuade表示“說(shuō)服”,強(qiáng)調(diào)勸說(shuō)成功,主要搭配是:persuadesb.todosth.說(shuō)服某人做某事(相當(dāng)于persuadeodoingsth.);如表示勸說(shuō)但不一定成功,則使用trytopersuadesb.todosth.或advisesb.todosth.。suggest用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“建議”,后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或從句,從句中的謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。2.bring,take,carry,fetchbring“帶來(lái),拿來(lái),取來(lái)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從別處帶人或物到說(shuō)話人所在地。take“拿走,帶走”,強(qiáng)調(diào)把人或物從說(shuō)話者身邊帶走,方向與bring相反。fetch“去拿來(lái),去取來(lái)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從甲地出發(fā)到乙地取物或人后,又回到甲地,相當(dāng)于goandbring。carry“攜帶,搬運(yùn),運(yùn)送”,強(qiáng)調(diào)用人力或車輛把人或物從一地運(yùn)到另一地。3.win,beat,defeatwin表示“贏得,戰(zhàn)勝”時(shí),賓語(yǔ)多是比賽項(xiàng)目等。winsb.則指“贏得人心”。beat/defeat意為“打敗,擊敗”,其賓語(yǔ)只能是人或由人組成的機(jī)構(gòu)。如:beatsb.打敗某人;defeattheirteam/thecountry/theenemy擊敗了他們的隊(duì)/國(guó)家/敵人。beat多用于表示在比賽或爭(zhēng)論中戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手;defeat多用于在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中打敗對(duì)手。4.believe,believeinbelieve表示“相信,認(rèn)為”,側(cè)重于相信某人說(shuō)的話或所做事情的真實(shí)性,其后可跟名詞、代詞、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或賓語(yǔ)從句。believein表示“相信,信任,信仰,信奉”,其后常接真理、宗教、原則之類的名詞。Youshouldbelieveinyourselfandbelievethatyouwillsucceedoneday.你應(yīng)該相信自己,并且相信某天你將會(huì)成功的。5.book,order二者都有“訂購(gòu),預(yù)訂”之意,但book指訂各種“票,座位”;而order指“餐館訂飯、菜,定做衣服,訂貨”等,常用結(jié)構(gòu):placeanorderforsth.withsb.向某人訂購(gòu)某物。對(duì)比:bookaticket/twoseats/adoubleroom訂一張票/兩個(gè)座位/一個(gè)雙人間;orderfourdishes/lunch要四個(gè)菜/訂好午飯。Hebookedatableforfourandorderedsixdishes.他訂了一張四人桌,并且要了六個(gè)菜。6.choose,select,electchoose表示“選擇,挑選”,有時(shí)也表示“推選,選舉”,但一般表示范圍很小、普通的選擇,沒(méi)有elect正式。select表示“(精心地)挑選,選定”,具有“精選”之意。elect表示“選舉”,指較大范圍的正式的選舉。7.disturb,interruptdisturb是及物動(dòng)詞,有“打擾,擾亂,使人心神不安”之意。常用短語(yǔ):disturbthesleepingchild/one'splan/thepublicpeace打擾睡覺(jué)的孩子/打亂計(jì)劃/擾亂社會(huì)治安;bementallydisturbed精神上受到影響;bedisturbedabout對(duì)……感到不安。interrupt有“打斷,打擾”之意,側(cè)重打斷。常用短語(yǔ):interruptthesupplies中斷供應(yīng);interruptone'sspeech打斷演講。8.hurt,injure,wound,harmhurt是一般用語(yǔ),指精神或肉體上受到的傷害,有較強(qiáng)烈的“疼痛”意味;injure比hurt更正式,常指意外事故對(duì)身體或精神上的“損害,損傷”;wound主要指外界暴力引起身體創(chuàng)傷,尤指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中受的刀、槍、劍等傷;harm指對(duì)人的肉體或精神帶來(lái)傷害,特指?jìng)耙粋€(gè)人或其心態(tài)、健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等,使之產(chǎn)生痛苦、損失或任何不幸遭遇。Hewasinjuredinthecaraccidentandhislegstillhurtsnow.9.miss,losemiss意為“未能趕上(抓住),錯(cuò)過(guò),失去,漏掉”。而lose意為“丟失,迷失方向,迷路”。Hemissedtheearlybus.What'sworse,hiskeytothecarwaslost.10.fit,befitfor,befitto,suitfit用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“(衣服等)合適,使合身”;befitfor是形容詞短語(yǔ),表示“適合的,能勝任的”,for后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞;befitto表示“適合,能勝任”,to是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào),后接動(dòng)詞原形。suit指顏色、款式的“適合”,而fit指尺寸、大小的“合適”。11.save,sparesave意為“儲(chǔ)蓄,節(jié)省”,指把錢、時(shí)間及其他東西儲(chǔ)蓄起來(lái)以備將來(lái)用,或指節(jié)省東西,避免浪費(fèi),也指“救命”。而spare意為“省”,指細(xì)心地省下或節(jié)省錢、時(shí)間、力氣等,常表示省出一部分以留作他用。12.seat,sitseat是及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“使坐下”,可以接人作賓語(yǔ),還可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)搭配有:seatsb.使某人坐下;seatoneself自己坐下;beseated=sitdown坐好。而sit是不及物動(dòng)詞,不能帶賓語(yǔ)?？键c(diǎn)二考查同根介詞或副詞動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析使用頻率較高的這類動(dòng)詞有:call,cut,come,go,get,go,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,make等。常見(jiàn)的介詞或副詞有:in,off,out,up,away,for,on,over等。1.動(dòng)詞+away構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有:throwaway扔掉;putaway把……收拾好;giveaway捐贈(zèng),分發(fā);carryaway運(yùn)走;runaway潛逃,跑開(kāi);goaway走開(kāi)。2.動(dòng)詞+for構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有:answerfor負(fù)責(zé);providefor供給;callfor要求;planfor打算,為……計(jì)劃;hopefor希望,期待;askfor索取,尋找;sendfor派人去請(qǐng);gofor努力獲取;payfor償還,賠償;waitfor等待;lookfor尋找。3.動(dòng)詞+on構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有:tryon試穿,試驗(yàn);puton穿上,上演;haveon穿著,戴著;pullon穿,戴;holdon不掛斷,堅(jiān)持,繼續(xù);carryon繼續(xù)開(kāi)展,堅(jiān)持;keepon繼續(xù);goon繼續(xù);geton上(車);comeon趕快。4.動(dòng)詞+over構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有:comeover過(guò)來(lái);handover移交;goover仔細(xì)檢查,復(fù)習(xí);getover克服,恢復(fù);lookover檢查;thinkover仔細(xì)考慮;takeover接受,接管;handover移交;turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)。5.動(dòng)詞+up構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有:bringup撫育,培養(yǎng);callup召喚,打電話給;comeup走上前來(lái),長(zhǎng)出;cutup切碎;fixup修理;giveup放棄;goup上升,增長(zhǎng);growup長(zhǎng)大;lookup尊敬,向上看,查尋;makeup虛構(gòu),彌補(bǔ),組成;putup舉起,搭建;pickup撿起,(開(kāi)車)接某人,偶然得到;setup建立,創(chuàng)(紀(jì)錄);sendup發(fā)射;showup揭露,露面;turnup出現(xiàn),把……調(diào)高一點(diǎn);takeup占據(jù),開(kāi)始從事。6.動(dòng)詞+out構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有:comeout出來(lái);goout出去,熄滅;lookout留神,當(dāng)心;walkout走出;setout出發(fā),開(kāi)始;putout撲滅,生產(chǎn);giveout發(fā)出,發(fā)表;handout分發(fā);pickout挑選;findout找出,發(fā)現(xiàn);speakout大聲地說(shuō);turnout生產(chǎn),結(jié)果是;getout出去,離開(kāi);workout計(jì)算出,解決,實(shí)行,行得通;carryout實(shí)行,執(zhí)行;bringout出版;startout出發(fā),動(dòng)身?？键c(diǎn)三常見(jiàn)同根動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析1.bringbringin引進(jìn),掙得;bringabout引起,導(dǎo)致;bringup養(yǎng)育,培養(yǎng),嘔吐,提出;bringout使展現(xiàn),推出(書、唱片等);bringdown降低,使倒下;bringback把……帶回來(lái),使憶起,使恢復(fù);bringforth結(jié)果,生產(chǎn),產(chǎn)生;bringforward提出,提前;bringoff圓滿完成(困難之事);bringon惹來(lái)(壞的結(jié)果),加速。2.breakbreakdown崩潰,瓦解,垮掉,失敗,(化學(xué))分解,(公共場(chǎng)所)失去理智;breakup打碎,(物理)分解,分開(kāi),分成(幾部分),結(jié)束,制止;breakthrough逾越,突破,沖破;breakaway(from)掙脫,脫離;breakout爆發(fā);breakin破門而入;breakoff折斷,中斷;breakinto進(jìn)入建筑物以便行竊,突然發(fā)出或開(kāi)始,打擾。3ecomeabout發(fā)生;comeout結(jié)果出來(lái),出版,泄露,開(kāi)花;comeacross偶遇,被理解;cometrue變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí);comeup走上前,被提出,長(zhǎng)出地面,走近,升起;comeupwith產(chǎn)生,發(fā)現(xiàn)(解決辦法、答案等);comealong一起來(lái);cometo總計(jì),清醒過(guò)來(lái)。4.givegiveup放棄;givein屈服,呈交;giveout用盡,耗盡,分發(fā),公布,發(fā)表,發(fā)出;giveaway露馬腳,頒發(fā),贈(zèng)送,送掉,捐贈(zèng);giveoff發(fā)出。5.gogoagainst違背,與……不符,對(duì)……不利;gowithout勉強(qiáng)維持,湊合,goinfor愛(ài)好,參加,從事;goby過(guò)去,依據(jù),按照;goon繼續(xù),發(fā)生;goover復(fù)習(xí),仔細(xì)審查,走近;goahead進(jìn)行;gothrough從頭到尾地閱讀,經(jīng)歷;goaway走開(kāi),外出度假,消失;gofor去取來(lái)或接來(lái),爭(zhēng)取得到;goout出去,熄滅,過(guò)時(shí)。6.keepkeepaway(from)使遠(yuǎn)離;keepback扣除,保留,隱瞞不講;keepoff避開(kāi);keepon繼續(xù);keepout擋在外邊,(警示語(yǔ))請(qǐng)勿靠近;keepup保持,不低落,持續(xù),繼續(xù);keepupwith跟上;keepdown抑制(以防其增長(zhǎng))。7.looklookahead向前看;lookabout環(huán)顧;lookafter照看,負(fù)責(zé)處理;lookback回憶,回顧;lookout當(dāng)心,找出;lookon旁觀;lookup向上看,查閱,形勢(shì)好轉(zhuǎn),看望;lookdownupon看不起;lookforwardto盼望;lookthrough翻閱;lookinto調(diào)查,向內(nèi)看;lookround尋找,邊走邊看,觀光。8.putputback放回原處,撥回,阻礙,推遲;putdown平定,鎮(zhèn)壓,記下;putaway將事物放置于慣常保存之處,儲(chǔ)蓄;putforward提出(計(jì)劃、建議),撥快,提前;putoff延期;puton穿戴,上映;putout撲滅,生產(chǎn);putup舉起,張貼;putupwith容忍。9.taketakein吸收;takefor誤認(rèn)為;takeout拿出;takedown放下;takeup從事,拿起,占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間);takeoff飛機(jī)起飛,脫下,休假,成功;takeby攻占;takeafter像;takealong隨身攜帶;takeaway帶走,拿走,使離去;takeback收回(說(shuō)錯(cuò)的話),退回(所購(gòu)商品);takecharge負(fù)責(zé),掌管;takeon呈現(xiàn),雇傭;takeout拿出,帶……出去;takeover接管,接任;takeplace發(fā)生。10.turnturnagainst轉(zhuǎn)而反對(duì),使與……為敵;turnback折回,掉轉(zhuǎn)頭;turnaway轉(zhuǎn)身,走開(kāi),打發(fā)走;turnout結(jié)果是,關(guān)上(電燈),趕出,生產(chǎn),制造;turndown拒絕,調(diào)小;turnoff關(guān)掉;turnover翻過(guò)來(lái),移交;turnin上交(作業(yè)等),拐入;turninto變成,翻譯;turnon打開(kāi),取決于;turnto求助于,翻到;turnup調(diào)大,出現(xiàn)。1.(2012?課標(biāo)全國(guó)高考)Maryisreallygoodattakingnotesinclass.Shecan______almosteverywordherteachersays.A.putoutB.putdownC.putawayD.puttogether2.(2012?全國(guó)高考Ⅱ)We______topaintthewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday.A.setaboutB.setupC.setoutD.setdown3.(2012?天津高考)Parentsandchildrenshouldcommunicatemoreto______thegapbetweenthemsothattheycanunderstandeachotherbetter.A.openB.narrowC.widenD.leave4.(2012?安徽高考)Theathlete'syearsofhardtraining______whenshefinallywontheOlympicgoldmedal.A.wentonB.gotthroughC.paidoffD.endedup5.(2012?安徽高考)Youhadbetter______sometimeeverydayforsportssothatyoucankeepyourselfenergetic.A.setasideB.takeupC.putawayD.giveout6.(2012?湖北高考)Twolawyershavedonated$50,000to______ourschool'scampaign“HelptheNeedy”,whichwasstartedbyourformerheadmasterthreeyearsago.A.sponsorB.launchC.organizeD.plan7.(2012?湖北高考)Finally,mythanksgotomytutor,whohasofferedalotofsuggestionsandcommentsonmypaperand______everypageofmydraft.A.approvedB.quotedC.polishedD.folded8.(2012?湖北高考)Walkingaloneinthedark,theboywhistledto______hiscourage.A.holdupB.keepupC.setupD.takeup9.(2012?湖北高考)I'msogladyou'vecomehereto______thismatterinperson.A.leadtoB.seetoC.turntoD.referto10.(2012?江蘇高考)?OK,I'vehadenoughofit.Igiveup.?Youcan't______yourresponsibilities.A.runoffwithB.runupagainstC.runoutofD.runawayfrom11.(2012?江西高考)I've______thehabitofcallinginonmygrandparentsonmywayhomefromschool.AeintoB.goneintoC.gotintoD.runinto12.(2012?江西高考)Wewereallagreedthatthecottagewould______aperfectholidayhomeforthefamily.A.makeB.turnC.takeD.have13.(2012?遼寧高考)Rodloves______clocks.However,henevermanagestoputthemtogetheragain.A.takingapartB.givingawayC.makingupD.turningoff14.(2012?陜西高考)Hehadtopausefromtimetotimetowipethesweatfromhisforehead,becausetheair-conditioningsystem______.A.brokeinB.brokeupC.brokeoutD.brokedown15.(2012?四川高考)It'ssurprisingthatyourbrother______Russiansoquickly?hehasn'tlivedthereverylong.A.pickedupB.lookedupC.putupD.madeup16.(2012?浙江高考)Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilitiesbeginto______fromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.A.differB.shrinkC.failD.decline17.(2012?浙江高考)Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered,youcan______preparingyourbusinessplan.A.setoutB.setaboutC.setoffD.setup18.(2011?課標(biāo)全國(guó)高考)Ican______thehousebeinguntidy,butIhateitifit'snotclean.AeupwithB.putupwithC.turntoD.stickto19.(2011?課標(biāo)全國(guó)高考)Williamfounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginningto______.A.disappearB.fallC.failD.damage20.(2011?全國(guó)高考Ⅱ)Mary,I______Johnofhispromisetohelpyou.A.toldB.remindedC.warnedD.advised21.(2011?湖北高考)Knowledgeandlearningareimportantifwewanttobesuccessful,buttheymayalso______ourthinking.A.directB.limitC.changeD.improve22.(2011?湖北高考)Theministersaid,“Wearereadyfordiscussionswithanylegalparties,butwe'llnever______withcriminals.”A.negotiateB.quarrelC.argueD.consult23.(2011?湖北高考)Clinicalevidencebeganto______,suggestingthatthenewdrugshadawiderrangeofusefulactivitiesthanhadbeenpredictedfromexperimentsinanimals.A.operateB.strengthenC.approveD.accumulate24.(2011?湖北高考)Thegovernmenthastakenmeasuresto______thehighpricesofdailygoodstokeepthemarketstable.A.takedownB.bringdownC.handdownD.teardown25.(2011?山東高考)Theyarebroadeningthebridgeto______theflowoftraffic.A.putoffB.speedupC.turnonD.workout26.(2011?江西高考)Youcan'tpredicteverything.Oftenthingsdon't______asyouexpect.A.runoutB.breakoutC.workoutD.putout27.(2011?江蘇高考)?Areyoustillmadather??Notreally,butIcan't______thatherremarkshurtme.A.denyB.refuseC.rejectD.decline28.(2011?江蘇高考)?Youlookupset.What'sthematter??Ihadmyproposal______again.A.turnedoverB.turnedonC.turnedoffD.turneddown29.(2011?安徽高考)Asthestory______,thetruthaboutthestrangefigureisslowlydiscovered.A.beginsB.happensC.endsD.develops30.(2011?安徽高考)Ifyou______faultsbutyoustillwantthebicycle,asktheshopassistanttoreducetheprice.AeacrossB.careaboutC.lookforD.focusupon31.(2011?浙江高考)Theschoolisn'ttheoneIreallywantedtogoto,butIsupposeI'lljusthaveto______it.A.makethebestofB.getawayfromC.keepaneyeonD.catchupwith32.(2011?浙江高考)Hedecidedthathewoulddriveallthewayhomeinsteadof______atahotelforthenight.A.puttingdownB.puttingoffC.puttingonD.puttingup33.(2011?福建高考)I'dpreferto______myjudgementuntilIfindalltheevidence.A.showB.expressC.passD.reserve34.(2011?福建高考)Bornintoafamilywiththreebrothers,Davidwas______tovaluethesenseofsharing.A.broughtupB.turneddownC.lookedafterD.heldback35.(2013?浙江杭州七校聯(lián)考)Weshallaccumulatenewexperienceandtrynewsolutionsasnewproblems______.A.declineB.ariseC.remainD.exist36.(2013?河北普通高中教學(xué)質(zhì)監(jiān))Thegroundisslippery.Holdontotheropeanddon't______.A.putoffB.turnupC.letgoD.takeapart37.(2013?河南中原名校聯(lián)考)Whendesigningyourhouse,you'dbetter______landforagarden.A.developB.saveC.spareD.share38.(2013?河北邯鄲質(zhì)檢)I'vealways______Billforhiscourageanddetermination.A.lookeduptoB.liveduptoC.faceduptoD.addedupto39.(2013?云南昆明摸底調(diào)研)Ifthetimeis______exactly,thepapercanbefinishedontime.A.madeoutB.figuredoutC.carriedoutD.putout40.(2013?福建三明期中)Thepolicesuspectedhimofcarryingdrugssothey______hisbag,butfoundnothing.A.wentthroughB.lookedupC.turnedinD.searchedfor41.(2013?河南洛陽(yáng)一練)Yesterday'sfootballmatch______asoneofthemostexitingmatchesthatthetwoteamshadeverplayed.A.regardedB.rankedC.treatedD.took42.(2013?江蘇宿遷調(diào)研)?Tobby,itappearsthatwewon'tbe______afterall.?Oh,butIamtiredofworkinghereanyway.A.putoffB.sentoffC.laidoffD.seenoff參考答案1.Bputout意為“伸出,長(zhǎng)出,熄滅,撲滅,出版”;putdown意為“把……放下,鎮(zhèn)壓,平息,寫下,記下”;putaway意為“把……收起來(lái)放好”;puttogether意為“把……放在一起,組合”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選B項(xiàng),句意:瑪麗真的擅長(zhǎng)在課堂上記筆記,她幾乎能記下老師說(shuō)的每一個(gè)字。2.Csetabout后接doingsth.,意為“著手做某事”;setup意為“建立”,不與todo連用;setout后接todosth.,表示“著手做某事”;setdown意為“寫下,登記,放下”。句意:我們著手粉刷整個(gè)房子,但那天我們只粉刷完了房子前面的部分。故選C項(xiàng)。3.B句意:為了縮小彼此間的差距,父母和子女應(yīng)該更多地交流,從而更好地理解彼此。open打開(kāi),開(kāi)始;narrow壓縮,使變窄;widen放寬,加寬;leave離開(kāi),離去。4.Cgoon“(時(shí)間)過(guò)去,燈亮,開(kāi)始運(yùn)行,繼續(xù),接著,進(jìn)行,發(fā)生”;getthrough“完成,度過(guò),(使人)明白,通過(guò),接通(電話)”;payoff“還清(債),得到好結(jié)果,取得成功”;endup“結(jié)束,結(jié)尾,停止”。句意:當(dāng)這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員獲得了奧運(yùn)金牌時(shí),她多年的辛苦訓(xùn)練終于有了回報(bào)。由句意可知,C項(xiàng)符合題意。5.Asetaside意為“留出,撥出(時(shí)間、金錢等)”;takeup意為“占據(jù)(時(shí)間、空間等),從事”;putaway“把……收起,放好”;giveout意為“分發(fā),用盡”。句意:為了能使自己精力充沛,你最好每天留出一段時(shí)間來(lái)運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)。6.A句意:兩位律師捐贈(zèng)了五萬(wàn)美金贊助我們學(xué)校的“扶貧”活動(dòng),該活動(dòng)是三年前由我們的前任校長(zhǎng)發(fā)起的。sponsor“贊助”;launch“發(fā)動(dòng),發(fā)射”;organize“組織”;plan“計(jì)劃”。7.C句意:最后,我要向我的導(dǎo)師表示感謝,他為我的論文提供了很多建議和意見(jiàn),并為我的草稿的每一頁(yè)都進(jìn)行了潤(rùn)色。approve“支持,贊同”;quote“引用,引述”;polish“修改,潤(rùn)色”;fold“折疊,對(duì)折”。8.B句意:獨(dú)自一個(gè)人走在黑暗中,男孩為給自己壯膽吹起了口哨。keepupone’scourage意為“鼓足勇氣”。9.B句意:我很高興你來(lái)到這里親自處理這個(gè)事件。leadto“導(dǎo)致,通往”;seeto“處理,料理”;turnto“轉(zhuǎn)向,求助,轉(zhuǎn)行”;referto“提及,查閱,參考”。10.Drunoffwith意為“帶著……逃走,與……私奔”;runupagainst意為“意外地碰到,偶遇”;runoutof意為“用完……,耗盡……”;ranawayfrom意為“從……逃離,回避……”。后半句句意:你不能逃脫你自己的責(zé)任。11.C句意:我已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了在放學(xué)回家的路上去看望爺爺奶奶的習(xí)慣。getintothehabitof是固定搭配,意為“養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣”。12.A句意:我們一致認(rèn)為,那個(gè)小屋將會(huì)成為一家人度假的完美居所。make在此處意為“成為”。13.A句意:羅德喜歡將鐘表拆開(kāi)。然而,他從來(lái)不能將它們?cè)俅谓M裝起來(lái)。takeapart“拆開(kāi),拆卸”;giveaway“分發(fā),贈(zèng)送”;makeup“構(gòu)成,彌補(bǔ),化裝,編造”;turnoff“關(guān)閉”。根據(jù)句意A項(xiàng)正確。14.D句意:他不得不時(shí)而停下來(lái)擦擦額頭上的汗,因?yàn)榭照{(diào)壞了。breakin“插話”;breakup“打碎,(學(xué)校)放假,解散”;breakout“爆發(fā),發(fā)生”;breakdown“出毛病,停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”。根據(jù)句意可知選D項(xiàng)。15.Apickup在此句中意為“無(wú)意中獲得或?qū)W到”。句意:你哥哥學(xué)俄語(yǔ)如此之快讓人感到驚訝??他住在那兒也沒(méi)有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。lookup“仰望,尊敬”;putup“建造,搭起”;makeup“組成,構(gòu)成,彌補(bǔ)”。16.D句意:據(jù)科學(xué)家們說(shuō),我們大腦的能力在22歲達(dá)到最高水平后,從27歲開(kāi)始下降。differ“不同,有異”;shrink“變小,減少,收縮”;fail“(健康、體力、視力等)衰退,減弱”;decline“下降,衰退,減退”。17.B句意:有了你積累的這些信息,就可以著手開(kāi)始準(zhǔn)備你的經(jīng)營(yíng)計(jì)劃了。setout“著手,開(kāi)始”,后面接動(dòng)詞不定式;setabout“開(kāi)始做某事”,后面接動(dòng)名詞形式;setoff“出發(fā),動(dòng)身”;setup“建立,創(chuàng)立,豎立”。18.Bcomeupwith意為“提出”;putupwith意為“忍受,容忍”;turnto意為“轉(zhuǎn)向,求助于”;stickto意為“堅(jiān)持”。句意:我可以忍受房間里不整齊,但是我討厭房間里臟。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。19.Cdisappear意為“消失,不見(jiàn)了”;fall意為“下落,(位置)下降,(力量)減退”;fail意為“失敗,(健康)衰退,變?nèi)酢?damage意為“損害,毀壞”。句意:威廉發(fā)現(xiàn)他讀書越來(lái)越困難了,因?yàn)樗囊暳﹂_(kāi)始衰退了。20.B考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及搭配。根據(jù)of的提示,首先排除A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng);remindsb.ofsth.表示“提醒某人某事”;warnsb.ofsth.表示“告誡某人某事”。句意:瑪麗,我提醒了約翰要幫助你的承諾。根據(jù)句意選B項(xiàng)。21.Bdirect“指導(dǎo),導(dǎo)演”;limit“限制,局限”;change“改變,變化”;improve“提高,改善”。句意:如果我們想成功,學(xué)識(shí)很重要,但是它們也可能會(huì)“限制”我們的思維。22.Anegotiate“協(xié)商”;quarrel“爭(zhēng)吵”;argue“爭(zhēng)論”;consult“咨詢;請(qǐng)教”。句意:部長(zhǎng)說(shuō):“我們做好準(zhǔn)備與任何合法黨派進(jìn)行磋商,但我們決不會(huì)與犯罪分子進(jìn)行協(xié)商?！惫手挥蠥項(xiàng)符合句意。23.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。operate“操作;經(jīng)營(yíng);運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);動(dòng)手術(shù)”;strengthen“增強(qiáng);加強(qiáng)”;approve“批準(zhǔn);贊成”;accumulate“積累;聚積”。句意:臨床證據(jù)開(kāi)始累積,這表明新藥物相比較于在動(dòng)物身上進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的推測(cè)擁有更廣泛的用途。故D項(xiàng)正確。24.Btakedown“寫下;取下”;bringdown“降低”;handdown“傳遞”;teardown“拆毀;拆除;扯下”。句意:政府已采取措施降低日用品的高價(jià)來(lái)維護(hù)市場(chǎng)的穩(wěn)定。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。25.Bputoff“推遲”;speedup“加速”;speeduptheflowoftraffic“使車流加速”;turnon“打開(kāi)”;workout“解決,計(jì)算出”。句意:他們?cè)谕貙挊蛎嬉允管嚵骷铀佟９蔅項(xiàng)正確。26.C句意:你不可能預(yù)知一切。事情的結(jié)果往往不是你期望的那樣。根據(jù)句意可知答案為C項(xiàng)workout,這里意思是“結(jié)果是,最終是”。A項(xiàng)“用光,耗盡”;B項(xiàng)“(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、瘟疫等)爆發(fā)”;D項(xiàng)“熄滅,出版,生產(chǎn)”。27.A答句句意:不生氣了,但我不否認(rèn)她的話傷害了我。deny“否認(rèn)”;refuse“拒絕”;reject“拒絕,謝絕,駁回”;declin