2023-2024學(xué)年江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體高二上學(xué)期期初調(diào)研英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期初調(diào)研英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhatkindofTVprogramsdoesthemanlike?A.Quizshows.B.Documentaries.C.Situationcomedies.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inaconveniencestore.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theweather.B.Writingskills.C.Theplanfortomorrow.4.Whenwillthespeakersgotowatchthematch?A.At7:00.B.At7:30.C.At8:00.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Taxidriverandpassenger.C.Shopassistantandcustomer.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhywillSarahgotothemarket?A.Togetaclock.B.Togetarecord.C.Togetabirthdaycake.7.WhatdoweknowaboutSarah?A.Shehasneverbeentothemarket.B.Shewillgotothemarketwiththeman.C.Sheisn’tfamiliarwiththesurroundings.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.HowdidJackspendthesummervacation?A.Travelingaround.B.Studyingalot.C.Takingapart-timejob.9.WhatisMs.WellingtonlikeaccordingtoJack?A.She’sstrict.B.She’seasy-going.C.She’scareless.10.WhatisJack’simpressiononMs.Wellington?A.Herexamsweredifficult.B.Herclasswasveryboring.C.Shegavestudentslotsofwork.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Usetheredcolor.B.Paintthewallsagain.C.Buyanewsofa.12.Whenwillthemanbuythepaintings?A.Tomorrow.B.Today.C.Thisweekend.13.Whatcolorwouldthemanliketopaintthewall?A.Brightcolors.B.Softcolors.C.Darkcolors.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhyisthemangoingtotheStates?A.Toattendaconference.B.Tostudyatauniversity.C.Tovisitplacesofinterest.15.Whatdoesthemanshowtothewoman?A.Hiscertifications.B.Theletterofinvitation.C.Anadmissionletterfromauniversity.16.WhendoesthemanplantoleaveforAmerica?A.OnJanuary5th.B.OnJanuary10th.C.OnJanuary15th.17.Whatisthemandoing?A.Holdingameeting.B.Conductinganinterview.C.Applyingforapassport.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatarebothlivechatroomsandmessageboardsgoodfor?A.Accuracy.B.Fluency.C.Patience.19.Whatshouldanactivelistenerdo?A.Recordallmaterials.B.Dogrouppracticing.C.Writedownnewwords.20.Whatisthespeaker’slastsuggestion?A.Visitawebsite.B.Practicelisteningafterclass.C.Doexercisesinthetextbook.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWeald&DownlandLivingMuseumFunfactOver50historicbuildingsfromacrosstheWealdandDownlandareahavebeendismantled(拆除)andthenreconstructedacrossalovely40-acresiteintheSouthDownsnationalpark.Thecollectionofbuildingsrepresentsalmostathousandyearsofrurallifeinsouth-eastEngland:furnishedjustastheywouldhavebeeninthepast—completewiththehomes,farmsandpublicbuildings.There’sasenseofexploringarealvillageasyouwanderbetweenthemalonggreenpaths,stoppingtoclimbthestairsofa17th-centurycraftsman’s(工匠)cottagetolieonthestrawbedorshelteringfromashowerinasmoky,14th-centuryhall.GettingthereTheStagecoach60busservicefromChichestertoMidhurststopsjustfiveminutesawayatGroomsYard,Singleton.ThenearestrailwaystationsareChichester(2miles)andHaslemere(7miles).ThemuseumisonTownLaneinSingleton,reachedviatheA286fromChichestertoMidhurst.Parkingisfreeandtherearedisabledparkingspacesoppositethemuseumshop.Valueformoney?Yes.It’snotcheapbutit’saspecialexperiencethateasilyfillsaday.Plus,it’savaluablecauseworthsupporting.Adults￡14,children5-17andstudents￡6.50,under-4sfree,family￡38(twoadultsandtwochildren)or￡25(oneadultandthreechildren).OpeninghoursDaily10am-5pm(lastentry4pm).1.WhatcanvisitorsdoinWeald&DownlandLivingMuseum?A.Takeashowerinthehall.B.Stayovernightatacottage.C.Learnconstructiontechniques.D.Explorerurallifecenturiesago.2.Howmuchwouldacouplewiththeir5-year-oldtwinsonspayforadmission?A.￡25. B.￡34.5. C.￡38. D.￡41.3.WhatdoweknowaboutWeald&DownlandLivingMuseum?A.Itchargesparkingfees.B.Ithasvariedopeninghours.C.Itisinconvenientlylocatedforbusriders.D.Itoffersthedisabledthoughtfulservice.〖答案〗1.D2.C3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了Weald&Downland生活博物館的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Funfact部分中“Thecollectionofbuildingsrepresentsalmostathousandyearsofrurallifeinsouth-eastEngland:furnishedjustastheywouldhavebeeninthepast—completewiththehomes,farmsandpublicbuildings.There’sasenseofexploringarealvillageasyouwanderbetweenthemalonggreenpaths,stoppingtoclimbthestairsofa17th-centurycraftsman’s(工匠)cottagetolieonthestrawbedorshelteringfromashowerinasmoky,14th-centuryhall.(這組建筑代表了英格蘭東南部近千年的鄉(xiāng)村生活：家具和過去一樣，包括住宅、農(nóng)場(chǎng)和公共建筑。當(dāng)你沿著綠色小徑漫步在這些村莊之間，停下來爬上17世紀(jì)工匠小屋的樓梯，躺在稻草床上，或者在煙霧繚繞的14世紀(jì)大廳里躲雨時(shí)，你會(huì)有一種探索真實(shí)村莊的感覺)”可知，游客在Weald&Downland生活博物館可以探索幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前的鄉(xiāng)村生活。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Valueformoney?部分中“family￡38(twoadultsandtwochildren)or￡25(oneadultandthreechildren).(家庭38英鎊(兩名成人和兩名兒童)或25英鎊(一名成人和三名兒童))”可知，一對(duì)夫婦和他們兩個(gè)5歲的雙胞胎兒子的門票是38英鎊。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Gettingthere部分中“Parkingisfreeandtherearedisabledparkingspacesoppositethemuseumshop.(停車場(chǎng)是免費(fèi)的，博物館商店對(duì)面有殘疾人停車位)”可知，Weald&Downland生活博物館有專門的殘疾人停車位，為殘障人士提供了體貼的服務(wù)。故選D項(xiàng)。BItwasthedeadofwinterwhenDadtoldmethathefoundadelicatesmallbaginthesnowonhiswayoutofadoctor’sappointment.“Itwasfilledwithseeds,soIplantedtheminpotsinthelivingroomwindowthatgetssuchgreatlight.”Dadwasexcitedtohaveaplantingprojectinthewinter.Hemissedtendinghisgardenplot,whichwasthesizeofasmallfarm.Inowlivedoutofstate,butDadreportedinhisdailyphonecalls,“Theseplantsseemtodoubleinsizeovernight.It’sonlybeenafewweeks,andtheyarealmosttouchingtheceiling.”SinceDadhadgreenfingers,Iwasn’tsurprisedaboutthat.Icouldn’timaginewhatplantwoulddosowell.IknewphotoswouldnotcomesoonbecauseDadhadtouseupthefilminhiscameraandthendevelopedthepictures.Duringonecall,Dadsaid,“Todayatwork,oneofmyco-workerswaswearingaT-shirtwithascreen-printedpictureofthesameleafasmymysterioushouseplants.ItoldhimthatIhadthosesameherbs,whichweregrowinglikeweeds,andIhadtogetridofthem.”Dadcontinued,“Heeagerlytookthemoffmyhands,andnowIcanseeoutthewindowagain.”Thisawakenedmycuriosity,andIdecidedtodosomeresearch.Inthosedays,thatmeantgoingtothelibrary’sreferencesection.Ididsomereadingandphotocopiedsomearticles.Imailedthemtomyfather.Dadcalled,“Ijustcouldn’tbelievewhatIreadinthepapersyousent.Thosepicturesareexactlywhatmyplantslookedlike.Nowondermyco-workerwassowillingtotakethem.”WebothlaughedtillwecriedwhenwerealizedmyfatherhadjustraisedaharvestofpreciousChineseherbsusedtoeasepain.4.WhydidDadplanttheseeds?A.Becauseitwasthedoctor’sadvice.B.Becausehehadasmallfarmathome.C.Becauseitsatisfiedhiseagernessforgardening.D.Becausetheseedswouldbringhimrichrewards.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”meaninparagraph2?A.Dad’sgardeningtalents.B.Theherbs’growingquickly.C.Dad’seffortstotendtheseeds.D.Aplantingprojectinthewinter.6.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheco-worker?A.Hehadlittleinterestintheplants.B.Herecognizedthevalueoftheplants.C.Hedesiredtolearnfromtheauthor’sdad.D.Hewantedtoshowhisknowledgeaboutplants.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Seedcatcher B.Windowscenery C.Helpfulco-worker D.Innocentgardener〖答案〗4.C5.B6.B7.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者父親種植一些無名種子并長(zhǎng)大后把它們當(dāng)成雜草，后來才知道它們是珍貴的中藥?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Dadwasexcitedtohaveaplantingprojectinthewinter.Hemissedtendinghisgardenplot,whichwasthesizeofasmallfarm.(爸爸很高興在冬天有一個(gè)種植項(xiàng)目。他錯(cuò)過了照料他的花園，那有一個(gè)小農(nóng)場(chǎng)那么大。)”可知，這些種子這滿足了他冬天對(duì)園藝的渴望。故選C項(xiàng)。【5題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第二段“‘Theseplantsseemtodoubleinsizeovernight.It’sonlybeenafewweeks,andtheyarealmosttouchingtheceiling.’SinceDadhadgreenfingers,Iwasn’tsurprisedaboutthat.(‘這些植物一夜之間似乎變大了一倍。這才幾周，他們就快到天花板了’。既然爸爸是園藝能手，我對(duì)此并不感到驚訝。)”可知，that應(yīng)指代植物快速生長(zhǎng)這件事情。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“WebothlaughedtillwecriedwhenwerealizedmyfatherhadjustraisedaharvestofpreciousChineseherbsusedtoeasepain.(當(dāng)我們意識(shí)到我父親剛剛收獲了一批用來止痛的珍貴中草藥時(shí)，我們都笑到哭了。)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Nowondermyco-workerwassowillingtotakethem.(難怪我的同事這么愿意接受它們。)”可知，父親同事認(rèn)識(shí)到這些植物的價(jià)值。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。由文章最后一段“WebothlaughedtillwecriedwhenwerealizedmyfatherhadjustraisedaharvestofpreciousChineseherbsusedtoeasepain.(當(dāng)我們意識(shí)到我父親剛剛收獲了一批用來止痛的珍貴中草藥時(shí)，我們都笑到哭了。)”以及前文可知，文章主要講述作者父親種植一些無名種子并長(zhǎng)大后把它們當(dāng)成雜草，后來才知道它們是珍貴的中藥。所以D項(xiàng)Innocentgardener(無知的園丁)符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。CAmethodtotransformacommonlythrown-awayplastictoaresin(樹脂)usedin3Dprintingcouldallowmakingbetteruseofplasticwaste,AteamofWashingtonStateUniversityresearchersdevelopedasimpleandefficientwaytotransformpolyacticacid(PLA)(聚乳酸),abio-basedplasticusedinproductssuchasfilament,plasticsilverwareandfoodpackagingtohigh-qualityresin.“Wefoundawaytoimmediatelyturnthisintosomethingthat’sstrongerandbetter,andwehopethatwillprovidepeoplewiththeinspirationtoupcyclethisstuffinsteadofjustthrowitaway,”saidYu-ChungChang,apostdoctoralresearcherintheWSUSchoolofMechanicalandMaterialsEngineeringandaco-correspondingauthoronthework.“Wemadestrongermaterialsjuststraightoutoftrash.Webelievethiscouldbeagreatopportunity.”Althoughit’sbio-based,PLA,whichiscategorizedasanumber7plastic,doesn’tbreaddowneasily.Itcanfloatinfreshorsaltwaterforayearwithoutdegrading(降解).Itisalsorarelyrecycledbecauselikemanyplastics,whenit’smelteddownandre-formed,itdoesn’tperformaswellastheoriginalversionandbecomeslessvaluable.“It’sbiodegradableandcompostable,butonceyoulookintoit,itturnsoutthatitcantakeupto100yearsforittorotawayinalandfill,”Changsaid.“Inreality,itstillcreatesalotofpollution.WewanttomakesurethatwhenwedostartproducingPLAonthemillion-tonsscale,wewillknowhowtodealwithit.”WhiletheresearchersfocusedonPLAforthestudy,theyhopetoapplytheworktopolyethyleneterephthalate(PET)(滌綸樹脂),whichismorecommonthanPLAandhasasimilarchemicalstructureandpresentabiggerwasteproblem.Theyhavefiledatemporarypatentandareworkingfurtheroptimize(優(yōu)化)theprocess.Theresearchersarealsolookingintootherapplicationsfortheupcyclingmethod.8.Whatcanthemethodhelpdoaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Solvefinancialcrisis.B.Changewasteintowealth.C.Controlplasticproduction.D.Determine3Dprintingskills.9.WhatdoesYu-ChungChangthinkofthemethod?A.Promising B.UnrealisticC.Imaginable D.Common10.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofnumber7plastics?A.Invaluabletorecycle. B.Easytodealwith.C.Hardtobreakdown. D.Difficulttosortout.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Applicationsforanupcyclingmethod.B.Abettermethodtobreakdownplastic.C.3Dprintingwithnewlyfoundmaterials.D.Anewwaytoturnplasticintovaluableproducts.〖答案〗8.B9.A10.C11.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了華盛頓州立大學(xué)的一組研究人員開發(fā)了一種簡(jiǎn)單而有效的方法，將塑料垃圾中的聚乳酸(PLA)轉(zhuǎn)化為高質(zhì)量的樹脂從而轉(zhuǎn)化為用于3D打印的樹脂?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Amethodtotransformacommonlythrown-awayplastictoaresin(樹脂)usedin3Dprintingcouldallowmakingbetteruseofplasticwaste(一種將常見的丟棄塑料轉(zhuǎn)化為用于3D打印的樹脂的方法可以更好地利用塑料垃圾)”可知，該方法可以將平時(shí)丟棄的塑料垃圾轉(zhuǎn)化為3D打印的樹脂，即化廢物為財(cái)富。故選B。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Wemadestrongermaterialsjuststraightoutoftrash.Webelievethiscouldbeagreatopportunity.(我們直接用垃圾做了更堅(jiān)固的材料。我們相信這將是一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知，Yu-ChungChang認(rèn)為這種方法是有前途的。故選A?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Althoughit’sbio-based,PLA,whichiscategorizedasanumber7plastic,doesn’tbreaddowneasily.Itcanfloatinfreshorsaltwaterforayearwithoutdegrading(降解).Itisalsorarelyrecycledbecauselikemanyplastics,whenit’smelteddownandre-formed,itdoesn’tperformaswellastheoriginalversionandbecomeslessvaluable.(PLA雖然是生物基的，但被歸類為7號(hào)塑料，不容易被腐蝕。它可以在淡水或鹽水中漂浮一年而不降解。它也很少被回收，因?yàn)橄裨S多塑料一樣，當(dāng)它被熔化和重新成型時(shí)，它的性能不如最初的版本，變得不那么有價(jià)值。)”可知，7號(hào)塑料很難被降解。故選C?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Amethodtotransformacommonlythrown-awayplastictoaresin(樹脂)usedin3Dprintingcouldallowmakingbetteruseofplasticwaste(一種將常見的丟棄塑料轉(zhuǎn)化為用于3D打印的樹脂的方法可以更好地利用塑料垃圾)”以及通讀全文可知，文章講述了華盛頓州立大學(xué)的一組研究人員開發(fā)了一種簡(jiǎn)單而有效的方法，將塑料垃圾中的聚乳酸(PLA)轉(zhuǎn)化為高質(zhì)量從而轉(zhuǎn)化為用于3D打印的樹脂，因此文章主要是關(guān)于“一種將塑料轉(zhuǎn)化為有價(jià)值產(chǎn)品的新方法”，故選D。DWearelivinginanageinwhichdataisstronglyfavored,especiallywhenit’sreportedinthemedia.“BigData”isconsideredevenmorereliableasitconsistsofverylargeamountsofinformation.Percentilesareconsideredhardevidence,eveniftheconclusionsdrawnfromthedatadon’tmeanawholelot.Forexample,“40percentofadultssaytheyuseInstagramandaboutthreeintenreportusingPinterestorLinkedIn,”aPewResearchCentersurveyreportedinApril2021.Isthatalotoralittle?Idon’tknow,butthenumbersareseeminglypresentedasbeingsignificantinsomeway.Meanwhile,unlessanargumentis“data-based”,itisconsideredflimsy.Onemightrepeatedlyseesomethingwithhis/herowneyes,butironically(諷刺地),inthiseraofdata,itmatterslittle.Observationsandanyconclusionsdrawn,evenbyexpertsinarelevantfield,havebeendowngradedto“personalperspectives”,eventhoughtheyarebasedonreal,documentedbehavior.Inshort,ifsomethingispublishedinajournalwithquantitativesupport,itcarriesmuchweight.Ifaculturalanthropologist(人類學(xué)家)withaPh.D.reportsaparticulartrendfromfieldresearch,however,itisconsideredashortamusingstorythatmaycomplementthe“real”data-basedstudies.Peoplewanttoknowthe“samplesize”ofculturalresearch,notunderstandingthatvaluableinsightsintohumanbehaviorcanbegainedwithoutmetrics(度量學(xué))andanalytics.Themanyweaknessesassociatedwithquantitativeresearchshouldnotbeignored,either.Therearenumerouswaystodesignastudyandgatherfindings,eachonelikelytoproducedifferentresults.Themovetoonlineresearchhasmadefindingsmuchmorequestionable,asnothinggotfromtheInternetshouldbetakentooseriously.Besides,howquestionsarebothaskedandansweredishighlysubjectiveanddependentonmanyvariables.Whydowelovedatasomuch?Wordsareimpreciseandhavemultiplemeanings,whilenumbersarepreciseanddefinitive,abigreasonwhyweputsomuchfaithandtrustindataregardlessofitssource.Tolegitimize(證明……有理)thispost,notethat88.6percentofwhatI’vesaidistrue.12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthe2021surveyreportedbythePewResearchCenter?A.Itleadstosomeconfusion. B.Ithasmuchscientificvalue.C.Itimpresseshimwiththenumbers. D.Itcontainssomefactualinaccuracies.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flimsy”meaninparagraph2?A.Professional. B.Interesting. C.Unfriendly. D.Unpersuasive.14.Whatisthelastbutoneparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thepracticalityofonlineresearch.B.Thedisadvantagesofquantitativeresearch.C.Thewidespreadpopularityofonlineresearch.D.Thesignificanceofquantitativeresearchfindings.15.Howdoestheauthorendthetext?A.Bywritingironically. B.Byreferringtoexperts.C.Byprovidingasolution. D.Bymakingaprediction.〖答案〗12.A13.D14.B15.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文，作者在文章中批駁了當(dāng)前的唯數(shù)據(jù)論現(xiàn)象，分析了人們喜歡數(shù)據(jù)的原因以及定量研究的缺點(diǎn)?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。在第一段中“‘BigData’isconsideredevenmorereliableasitconsistsofverylargeamountsofinformation.Percentilesareconsideredhardevidence,eveniftheconclusionsdrawnfromthedatadon’tmeanawholelot.Forexample,‘40percentofadultssaytheyuseInstagramandaboutthreeintenreportusingPinterestorLinkedIn,’aPewResearchCentersurveyreportedinApril2021.Isthatalotoralittle?Idon’tknow,butthenumbersareseeminglypresentedasbeingsignificantinsomeway.(‘大數(shù)據(jù)’被認(rèn)為更可靠，因?yàn)樗舜罅康男畔?。百分位?shù)值被認(rèn)為是確鑿的證據(jù)，即使從數(shù)據(jù)中得出的結(jié)論并不意味著很多。例如，皮尤研究中心在2021年4月的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，‘40%的成年人說他們使用Instagram，大約十分之三的人說他們使用Pinterest或LinkedIn?！@是多還是少?我不知道，但這些數(shù)字似乎在某種程度上很重要。)”作者以皮尤研究中心在2021年4月的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果為例，說明盡管百分位數(shù)值被認(rèn)為是確鑿的證據(jù)，但是從數(shù)據(jù)中得出的結(jié)論并沒有多大意義，對(duì)于這項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果中所給出的數(shù)據(jù)在某種程度上似乎很重要，但是作者不清楚這些數(shù)字是多還是少；由此可知，作者認(rèn)為皮尤研究中心2021發(fā)布的調(diào)查結(jié)果會(huì)造成一些困惑，人們不清楚里面的數(shù)字意味著什么。故選A?！?3題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Wearelivinginanageinwhichdataisstronglyfavored,especiallywhenit’sreportedinthemedia.(我們生活在一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)非常受歡迎的時(shí)代，尤其是在媒體報(bào)道數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候。)”可知在這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)特別受歡迎；由第二段中劃線詞的下文“Onemightrepeatedlyseesomethingwithhis/herowneyes,butironically(諷刺地),inthiseraofdata,itmatterslittle.Observationsandanyconclusionsdrawn,evenbyexpertsinarelevantfield,havebeendowngradedto‘personalperspectives’,eventhoughtheyarebasedonreal,documentedbehavior.(一個(gè)人可能會(huì)反復(fù)地親眼看到一些東西，但諷刺的是，在這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代，這已經(jīng)無關(guān)緊要了。觀察和得出的任何結(jié)論，即使是由相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的專家得出的，也被降級(jí)為‘個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)’，即使它們是基于真實(shí)的、有記錄的行為。)”可知，在這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代，人們親眼反復(fù)看到的東西都不重要，即使是由相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的專家基于真實(shí)的、有記錄的行為觀察和得出的任何結(jié)論，也會(huì)被認(rèn)為是“個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)”，作者認(rèn)為這非常具有諷刺性；由此可推知，劃線詞所在句“Meanwhile,unlessanargumentis“data-based”,itisconsideredflimsy.(與此同時(shí)，除非一個(gè)論點(diǎn)是“基于數(shù)據(jù)的”，否則它被認(rèn)為是flimsy。)表述的意思是在這個(gè)大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代，如果一個(gè)論點(diǎn)不是以數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，就會(huì)被認(rèn)為不可信，沒有說服力；劃線詞flimsy指“沒有說服力的，不可信的”，與unpersuasive“沒有說服力的”意思一致。故選D?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。文章倒數(shù)第二段“Themanyweaknessesassociatedwithquantitativeresearchshouldnotbeignored,either.Therearenumerouswaystodesignastudyandgatherfindings,eachonelikelytoproducedifferentresults.Themovetoonlineresearchhasmadefindingsmuchmorequestionable,asnothinggotfromtheInternetshouldbetakentooseriously.Besides,howquestionsarebothaskedandansweredishighlysubjectiveanddependentonmanyvariables.(與定量研究相關(guān)的許多弱點(diǎn)也不應(yīng)被忽視。設(shè)計(jì)研究和收集發(fā)現(xiàn)的方法有很多，每一種方法都可能產(chǎn)生不同的結(jié)果。轉(zhuǎn)向網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究使得研究結(jié)果更加可疑，因?yàn)閺幕ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)上得到的任何東西都不應(yīng)該太當(dāng)真。此外，如何提問和回答問題是高度主觀的，取決于許多變量。)”指出定量研究有許多不應(yīng)忽視的缺點(diǎn)，多種研究方法會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的結(jié)果、基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研究結(jié)果也不可靠、提問和回答問題是高度主觀的，取決于許多變量；由此可知，倒數(shù)第二段主要闡述了定量研究的缺點(diǎn)。故選B?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。在最后一段“Whydowelovedatasomuch?Wordsareimpreciseandhavemultiplemeanings,whilenumbersarepreciseanddefinitive,abigreasonwhyweputsomuchfaithandtrustindataregardlessofitssource.Tolegitimize(證明……有理)thispost,notethat88.6percentofwhatI’vesaidistrue.(為什么我們?nèi)绱藷釔蹟?shù)據(jù)?文字是不精確的，有多種含義，而數(shù)字是精確的，明確的，這是我們?nèi)绱诵湃螖?shù)據(jù)的一個(gè)重要原因，而不管它的來源是什么。為了證明這篇文章有理，請(qǐng)注意我所說的88.6%是真的。)”中作者首先闡述了我們?nèi)绱藷釔坌湃螖?shù)據(jù)是因?yàn)閿?shù)字是精確的、明確的；文章是一篇駁論文，批駁了當(dāng)前的唯數(shù)據(jù)論，作者在結(jié)尾時(shí)卻運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)（強(qiáng)調(diào)文章中所說的88.6%是真的）來為了證明所寫的這篇文章有理；作為說理類文章，如何能給出一個(gè)確切的關(guān)于真實(shí)性的數(shù)字，因此作者在結(jié)尾運(yùn)用了反諷的寫作手法。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。InRussia,guestsalmostreceiveawarmwelcome.Peopleinthecountrygooutoftheirwaytomakesurevisitorshaveeverything.InancientRussia,breadandsaltsymbolizedboomandhealth,sohostswouldputontheirbestclothesandofferbreadtogetherwithsalttotheirguests.____16____Nobreadathomemeansthere’snothingtoeat—nomealdoesn’tincludebread.“Breadisthestaffoflife”isprobablythemostfamousRussianproverb.Today,thereisnoshortageofsaltintheworld.____17____Duringthemid-17thcenturytherisingpriceofsaltledtoriots(暴亂)inMoscow.Thesalttaxwascompletelyabolished(廢除)attheendofthe19thcentury—onlyafterwardsdidsaltbecomeaffordable.____18____Accordingtotradition,guestsaregreetedbyladiesinnationalcostumeswithalargeroundloafonatowelwithasaltshakerontop.Theguestsshouldcarefullybreakoffapieceofthebread,dipitinthesaltandeat.____19____Anoldbeliefisthatiftheworstofenemiessharebreadandsalt,theywillreconcile(和解).Intoday’sRussia,thistraditionisstillpopular.Itcanbewitnessedduringofficialreceptions,aswellasinrestaurantspreparedforforeigntourists.____20____Parentsofthenewlywedswelcometheirchildrenwithbreadandsaltaftertheceremony.Thehusbandandwifeshouldbreakoffapieceofbread,dipitinsalt,andfeedeachother.Thisisasignthattheyarereadytoshareanydifficultiesinlifeandalwaystakecareofeachother.A.Itwasbelievedthisgestureexpressedrudeness.B.BreadinRussiacultureisconsideredanimportantthing.C.MostoftenyoucanseethisattraditionalRussianweddings.D.ManyforeignersvisitingRussiahavecomeacrossastrangewelcome.E.Thissignalsthatafriendshiphasbeenformedbetweenthetwoparties.F.ButinancientRussia,itwasratherexpensiveandnoteveryonecouldaffordit.G.That’swhyRussianskeptitforspecialoccasions,likewhentheyreceivedguests.〖答案〗16.B17.F18.G19.E20.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。俄羅斯人用面包和鹽作為禮物歡迎客人，盡管看起來很奇怪，但這實(shí)際上是俄羅斯古老的傳統(tǒng)，用于迎接重要客人，文章闡述了這個(gè)儀式背后的原因?！?6題詳析】由下文“Nobreadathomemeansthere’snothingtoeat—nomealdoesn’tincludebread.“Breadisthestaffoflife”isprobablythemostfamousRussianproverb.(家里沒有面包意味著沒有東西可吃——沒有一頓飯不包括面包?！懊姘巧取笨赡苁嵌砹_斯最著名的諺語。)”可知本段主要闡述面包在俄羅斯的重要性；B選項(xiàng)“BreadinRussiacultureisconsideredanimportantthing.(面包在俄羅斯文化中被認(rèn)為是很重要的東西。)”指出面包在俄羅斯文化中被認(rèn)為是很重要的東西，符合語境。故選B。【17題詳析】上文“Today,thereisnoshortageofsaltintheworld.(今天，世界上不缺鹽。)”指出在現(xiàn)代世界上鹽是不缺的；F選項(xiàng)“ButinancientRussia,itwasratherexpensiveandnoteveryonecouldaffordit.(但在古代俄羅斯，它相當(dāng)昂貴，不是每個(gè)人都買得起。)”指出在古代俄羅斯鹽非常貴，不是每個(gè)人能買得起的，與上文形成對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，“Today”與“inancientRussia”相對(duì)應(yīng)；下文“Duringthemid-17thcenturytherisingpriceofsaltledtoriots(暴亂)inMoscow.(17世紀(jì)中葉，鹽的價(jià)格上漲在莫斯科引發(fā)了騷亂。)”承接選項(xiàng)F，進(jìn)一步闡述在古代俄羅斯，鹽非常昂貴不是每個(gè)人能買得起的。由此可知，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)符合語境。故選F。【18題詳析】上文“Duringthemid-17thcenturytherisingpriceofsaltledtoriots(暴亂)inMoscow.Thesalttaxwascompletelyabolished(廢除)attheendofthe19thcentury—onlyafterwardsdidsaltbecomeaffordable.(17世紀(jì)中葉，鹽的價(jià)格上漲在莫斯科引發(fā)了騷亂。鹽稅在19世紀(jì)末被完全廢除，直到后來人們才買得起鹽。)”說明在古代俄羅斯，鹽非常昂貴與稀缺，不是每個(gè)人都買得起的；G選項(xiàng)“That’swhyRussianskeptitforspecialoccasions,likewhentheyreceivedguests.(這就是為什么俄羅斯人在特殊場(chǎng)合保留它的原因，比如當(dāng)他們接待客人時(shí)。)”承接上文，說明就是因?yàn)樵诠糯砹_斯鹽非常珍貴，所以現(xiàn)代俄羅斯人依然在特殊場(chǎng)合保留放置鹽的傳統(tǒng)，上文與選項(xiàng)G構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)中的“That”指代上文闡述的內(nèi)容，代詞“it”指代“salt”。故選G?！?9題詳析】上文“Accordingtotradition,guestsaregreetedbyladiesinnationalcostumeswithalargeroundloafonatowelwithasaltshakerontop.Theguestsshouldcarefullybreakoffapieceofthebread,dipitinthesaltandeat.(根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)，穿著民族服裝的女士會(huì)用毛巾上的大圓面包迎接客人，毛巾上放著一個(gè)鹽瓶。客人應(yīng)該小心地掰下一塊面包，蘸鹽，然后吃。)”描述了俄羅斯人用面包和鹽來迎接客人的傳統(tǒng)；E選項(xiàng)“Thissignalsthatafriendshiphasbeenformedbetweenthetwoparties.(這表明雙方之間已經(jīng)建立了友誼。)”承接上文，說明在俄羅斯傳統(tǒng)中用面包和鹽來迎接客人，客人小心地掰下一塊面包蘸鹽吃就表明雙方建立了友誼；“This”指代上文“carefullybreakoffapieceofthebread,dipitinthesaltandeat”；下文“Anoldbeliefisthatiftheworstofenemiessharebreadandsalt,theywillreconcile(和解).(一個(gè)古老的信念是，如果最壞的敵人分享面包和鹽，他們就會(huì)和解。)”進(jìn)一步講述在俄羅斯人傳統(tǒng)信念中面包和鹽的重要性，分享面包和鹽意味著敵對(duì)雙方和解。故選E?！?0題詳析】上文“Intoday’sRussia,thistraditionisstillpopular.Itcanbewitnessedduringofficialreceptions,aswellasinrestaurantspreparedforforeigntourists.(在今天的俄羅斯，這一傳統(tǒng)仍然很受歡迎：在官方招待會(huì)上以及在為外國游客準(zhǔn)備的餐館中都可以看到它。)”指出在正式場(chǎng)合依然可以看到用面包和鹽來迎接招待客人；下文“Parentsofthenewlywedswelcometheirchildrenwithbreadandsaltaftertheceremony.Thehusbandandwifeshouldbreakoffapieceofbread,dipitinsalt,andfeedeachother.Thisisasignthattheyarereadytoshareanydifficultiesinlifeandalwaystakecareofeachother.(新婚夫婦的父母在儀式結(jié)束后用面包和鹽歡迎他們的孩子。丈夫和妻子應(yīng)該掰下一塊面包，蘸鹽，然后互相喂食。這表明他們準(zhǔn)備分擔(dān)生活中的任何困難，并承諾永遠(yuǎn)互相照顧。)”描述了在傳統(tǒng)的俄羅斯婚禮上新婚夫婦的父母在儀式結(jié)束后用面包和鹽歡迎他們的孩子的場(chǎng)景；選項(xiàng)C“MostoftenyoucanseethisattraditionalRussianweddings.(你經(jīng)常可以在傳統(tǒng)的俄羅斯婚禮上看到這種情況。)”指出在俄羅斯傳統(tǒng)婚禮中經(jīng)常可以看到面包蘸鹽的習(xí)俗，選項(xiàng)中“this”與上文“thistradition”以及“It”一致，指代用面包和鹽迎接客人，“traditionalRussianweddings”與下文“thenewlyweds”相照應(yīng)。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)符合語境。故選C。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ActorAnthonyAndersonhasrealizedadream30yearsinthemaking.The51-year-old____21____aBachelorofFineArtsdegreefromHowardUniversitylastweek.“Itwasalladream!Wordsfailto____22____thefeelingI’mhavingrightnow,”Andersonwroteonasocialmediaplatform.“Myproudestmomentisasenseof____23____-finishingwhatIstartedmanyyearsago.”AndersonfinishedhisjunioryearatHoward30yearsago.____24____somefinancialdifficulties,hehadtoaskfora____25____fromschool.Heworkedhardtomakea____26____.Laterhestartedafamilyandhiscareer____27____.Heplayedthestarringrolesinmanyfilmsandbecamea____28____.Thefollowingyearshewasoccupiedinhisworkanddidn’treturntoschool.Itwassomethinghealwaysfelt____29____about-untilhisson,Nathan,gained____30____toHowardfouryearsago.Thatinspiredhislongingforuniversitystudy,sohewas____31____togobackandfinishhisdegree.“ThisspringIwas____32____abletofinishtheworktograduatefromHowardUniversity,”Andersonsaid.Hemarkeditasa____33____bycallingit“afull-circlemoment”and____34____hisfans,“It’snevertoolate.Thingshappenwhenthey’resupposedtohappen!”Anderson,nowafatheroftwo,plansto____35____hiseducationandgotograduateschoolforamaster’sdegree.21.A.took B.received C.deservedD.held22.A.cause B.give C.describeD.hide23.A.completion B.identity C.purposeD.belonging24.A.Intermsof B.Withregardto C.Onaccountof D.Bycomparisonwith25.A.reward B.favor C.job D.break26.A.fortune B.promotion C.livingD.reputation27.A.tookoff B.startedover C.sloweddownD.pulledup28.A.director B.leader C.singerD.hit29.A.confused B.upset C.anxiousD.regretful30.A.assistance B.admission C.invitationD.permission31.A.willing B.cautious C.determinedD.satisfied32.A.gradually B.eventually C.obviouslyD.temporarily33.A.milestone B.award C.dreamlandD.wonder34.A.warned B.begged C.commandedD.reminded35.A.record B.acquire C.furtherD.finish〖答案〗21.B22.C23.A24.C25.D26.C27.A28.D29.D30.B31.C32.B33.A34.D35.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了演員安東尼·安德森30年前因經(jīng)濟(jì)困難休學(xué)。四年前他的兒子被他曾經(jīng)就讀的大學(xué)錄取，安德森受到觸動(dòng)后重返校園，在51歲時(shí)完成了學(xué)業(yè)。【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這位51歲的年輕人上周拿到了霍華德大學(xué)的美術(shù)學(xué)士學(xué)位。A.took攜帶；B.received拿到；C.deserved應(yīng)得；D.held持有。根據(jù)下文“ThisspringIwas12abletofinishtheworktograduatefromHowardUniversity,”可知，此處表示安德森“拿到”了霍華德大學(xué)的美術(shù)學(xué)士學(xué)位。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：