四川省成都市成華區(qū)成都列五中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月月考英語試題

高三英語第I卷（共80分）第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從試題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Thestars.B．Arainbow.C．Thefireworks.2．Whatdoyouknowaboutthewoman?A．Shedoesn’tlikeherownclothes.B．Shewantstobeadressdesigner.C．Sheisafamousdressdesigner.3．Whatdoesthemanliketoplaynow?A．Tennis.B．Baseball.C．Basketball.4．Howdidthemanfeelaboutthelecture?A．Boring.B．Excellent.C．Toolong.5．Whatdoesthemanmean?A．Thelady’sroomisalongwayfromhere.B．Thewomanhastosignupforusingthelady’sroom.C．Thewomanisnotabletousethelady’sroomrightnow.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6．Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantostudy?A．French.B．Russian.C．German.7．Forwhatreasondoesthemanremendthesubject?A．Popularity.B．Goodjobopportunities.C．Chancesofgoingabroad.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．WhatisonereasonforLindseytogetanewjob?A．Topayforatripthissummer.B．Topayforcarrepairs.C．Topayforherhousing.9．WheredidLindseyprobablyworkbefore?A．Atarepairpany.B．Atacarshop.C．Atanaccountingfirm.10．WhatdoesTomsuggestLindseydo?A．Learntobeanaccountant.B．Contacthisdad.C．Leaveherpresentjob.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Whatisthemanwaitingfor?A．Theresultofhispromotion.B．Theinformationofhisnewoffice.C．Theraiseofhissalaryforhiscontribution.12．Howwillthemanhearaboutthenews?A．Fromaboardingmeeting.B．Fromanoticeboard.C．Fromhismanager’soffice.13．Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?A．Hegetsonwellwithhisboss.B．Heshouldworkharder.C．Heisgoodathiswork.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Whichartfestivalwasthebiggestaccordingtothewoman?A．TheoneinNewYork.B．TheoneinLosAngeles.C．TheoneinChicago.15．Whatdidthespeakersmissfromtheartexhibition?A．Oilpaintings.B．Watercolorpaintings.C．Sculptures.16．Whoenjoysmakingchalkart?A．Thewoman’suncle.B．Theman’sniece.C．Theman’sfriend.17．Whyisthewomangoingtopayforthetaxi?A．Shehasextramoneythismonth.B．Themanwillpayforthenextone.C．Itisherturntopay.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18．Whereisthespeakermostprobably?A．Inanoffice.B．Inaclassroom.C．Inalab.19．Whenisthecoursescheduledduringthefirstpart?A．OnTuesdaysandThursdays.B．OnTuesdaysandFridays.C．OnThursdaysandFridays.20．Whatmayaffectthestudents’finalgrades?A．Theirresearchwork.B．Theirstudyattitude.C．Theirperformanceinclass.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。（共15小題；每小題2.5分，共37.5分）AWanttoknowalltheinsandoutsregardingtheParis2024Olympics?Thenyou’veetotherightplace!BelowyouwillfindalltheinformationaboutthenewOlympicsports.OlympicskateboardingWhowillfollowinthefootstepsofMomijiNishiya,thefirstOlympicskateboardingchampion,whowascrownedatthelastGamesattheageof13?TheanswerwillberevealedinParisthissummer.Speed,technique,masteryoftheboardwillberequiredtosuccessfullyperformthemostbeautifultricks.OlympicsportsclimbingWithitssecondtimeenteringtheOlympics,sportsclimbinghasthreebranches:Speed,Bouldering(抱石攀巖)andLead.Speedisallaboutthespeedofclimbing.BoulderingisallaboutclimbingaboulderonawallandLeadrequiresathletestoclimbadifficultroute20metershigh.OlympicsurfingTheOlympicswillbeheldinParis,butwhataboutOlympicsurfing?Thereisonevenue(場地)thatisliterallyontheothersideoftheworld.ThelocationTeahupoo,ontheislandofTahiti,iswhereOlympicsurfingwilltakeplace.ThisislandispartofFrenchPolynesia,betweenAustraliaandSouthAmerica.OlympicbreakdancingBreakdancingisthenewOlympicsportthatwillmakeitsfirstappearanceinParis2024.Howtoestablishagradingsystemwithouttakingawaytheartisticfreedomatthesametime?Thepointsshouldbebasedoncreativityandmusicality,agrayareathatdependsalotonfeelingandthushasalotofsubjectivitytoit.Lookingforahandylistofallsports?Clickhere!ThroughoutParisthereareallkindsofstadiumsandarenas(競技場)wheresportingeventsareheld.NotonlyParisitself,butalsothesurroundingsuburbsofthecapitalofFrancesetthestagefortheOlympicGames!1.WhichsportisenteringtheOlympicsforthefirsttimeinParis2024?A.Olympicskateboarding. B.Olympicsportsclimbing.C.Olympicsurfing. D.Olympicbreakdancing.2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A.Olympicskateboardingrequiresahighlevelofphysicalstrength.B.ThreebranchesofOlympicsportsclimbingevaluatevarioussidesofskills.C.AlltheabovefourOlympiceventswillbeheldinParis.D.ThescoringofOlympicbreakdancingishighlyobjective.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Asportswebsite. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Atravelbrochure. D.AnOlympicnewsreport.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文體裁為應(yīng)用文。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰地介紹了2024年巴黎奧運會中新增的幾個體育項目，包括奧運滑板、攀巖、沖浪和霹靂舞，提供了每個項目的基本規(guī)則、特點及注意事項等信息，旨在為讀者提供關(guān)于巴黎奧運會的新項目概況。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章Olympicbreakdancing部分中“BreakdancingisthenewOlympicsportthatwillmakeitsfirstappearanceinParis2024(霹靂舞是新的奧運項目，將在2024年巴黎奧運會上首次亮相。)”可知，奧運霹靂舞將在2024年巴黎奧運會上首次亮相。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章Olympicsportsclimbing部分“WithitssecondtimeenteringtheOlympics,sportsclimbinghasthreebranches:Speed,Bouldering(抱石攀巖)andLead.Speedisallaboutthespeedofclimbing.BoulderingisallaboutclimbingaboulderonawallandLeadrequiresathletestoclimbadifficultroute20metershigh.(第二次進入奧運會的運動攀巖有三個分支：速度攀巖、抱石攀巖和難度攀巖。速度與攀巖的速度有關(guān)。抱石就是在墻上爬一塊巨石，而難度攀巖則要求運動員爬一條20米高的高難度路線。)”可知，攀巖運動有三個項目：速度攀巖、抱石攀巖和難度攀巖，分別評估了攀巖速度、技巧和難度等多方面的技能。故選B。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“WanttoknowalltheinsandoutsregardingtheParis2024Olympics?Thenyou’veetotherightplace!BelowyouwillfindalltheinformationaboutthenewOlympicsports.(想知道關(guān)于2024年巴黎奧運會的所有細節(jié)嗎？那你來對地方了！下面你會發(fā)現(xiàn)所有關(guān)于新奧運項目的信息。)”可知，該文主要介紹了2024年巴黎奧運會中的新項目，包括滑板、攀巖、沖浪和霹靂舞等，提供了這些項目的具體信息。這顯然是與體育賽事相關(guān)的介紹，因此最有可能來源于一個體育網(wǎng)站。故選A。BResearchersatMITcreatedahightechpillthatstartstovibrate(震動)onceitmakescontactwithliquidintheuser’sstomachandmakehimorherfeelfull.ThepillwasreportedlythoughtupbyShriyaSrinivasan,currentlyanassistantprofessorofbioengineeringatHarvardUniversity.VIBES,shortforVibratingIngestibleBioEleotronicStimulator,wasonlyrecentlymadepublicinastudypublishedintheScienceJournal,butitisalreadybeingannouncedbythemediaasthefutureofweightloss.Althoughithasyettobetestedonhumans,trialsonpigshaveachievedveryhopefulresults.Afterabout30minutesofVIBESactivity,pigsconsumedonaveragealmost40percentlessfoodinthenexthalfhourthantheydidwithoutthesmartpill.Apparently,therevolutionarydeviceworksbyactivatingstretchreceptorsinthestomach,modelingthepresenceoffood.Thisinturnsignalsthehypothalamus(下丘腦)toincreasethelevelsofhormonesthatmakeusfeelfull.Thevibratingstimulator,whichisaboutthesizeofavitaminpill,ispoweredbyanencasedbatteryandactivatedeitherbythegastricfluid(胃液)breakingdownacoataroundthepill,orbyanincorporatedtimer.Afterproducingthedesiredeffect,thepillexitsthebodywithothersolidwaste:Thegoodnewsisthatitisexpectedtohaveacostinthecentstoonedollarrange,andresearcherssaythatitmayeventuallybepossibletoimplantthestimulatorandthusremovetheneedforpeopletoconstantlyswallowit.“Ourstudydemonstratestheeffectivenessofalowcost,nonoperativeinterventiontoreducefoodintakeandcalorieconsumption.Thedevicefunctionseffectivelyinthestomachandleadingtofullness,”saidGiovanniTraverso,coauthorofthestudy.“Thedevicehasthepotentialtorevolutionizeoptionsforweightlosstreatment.However,futurestudieswillneedtoexplorethephysiologicaleffectsofthedevicebeforeit’savailableforpatients.”ResearchersarenowexploringwaystoscaleuptheproducingofVIBEScapsuleswhichcouldenableclinicaltrialsinhumans.4.Whatistheouteoftakingthepill?A.Liquidproduction. B.Foodstorage.C.Sensationoffullness. D.Recoveryofusers.5.Whichaspectofthedeviceismentionedinparagraph2?A.Itsworkingprinciple. B.Itsintelligence.C.Itstestinghistory. D.Itssideeffect.6.Whatistheresearchers’ultimategoalofthedevice?A.Toproducegastricfluidwithit. B.Todestroythecoataroundit.C.Tofixitinhumanbody. D.Toremovesolidwastefromit.7.WhatisGiovanniTraverso’sattitudetowardsthefutureofthedevice?A.Worried. B.Cautious. C.Doubtful. D.Confused.【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員發(fā)明了一種高科技藥丸，一旦它與使用者胃里的液體接觸，就會開始振動，讓他或她有飽腹感?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ResearchersatMITcreatedahightechpillthatstartstovibrate(震動)onceitmakescontactwithliquidintheuser’sstomachandmakehimorherfeelfull.(麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員發(fā)明了一種高科技藥丸，一旦它與使用者胃里的液體接觸，就會開始振動，讓他或她有飽腹感)”可知，吃下藥丸會有飽腹感。故選C項。【5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Apparently,therevolutionarydeviceworksbyactivatingstretchreceptorsinthestomach,modelingthepresenceoffood.Thisinturnsignalsthehypothalamus(下丘腦)toincreasethelevelsofhormonesthatmakeusfeelfull.Thevibratingstimulator,whichisaboutthesizeofavitaminpill,ispoweredbyanencasedbatteryandactivatedeitherbythegastricfluid(胃液)breakingdownacoataroundthepill,orbyanincorporatedtimer.(顯然，這種革命性的裝置通過激活胃中的拉伸受體來模擬食物的存在。這反過來又向下丘腦發(fā)出信號，使我們感到飽腹的激素水平升高。振動刺激器大約有維生素藥丸大小，由封裝的電池供電，通過胃液分解藥丸周圍的涂層或通過內(nèi)置的計時器激活)”可知，第二段在說設(shè)備的工作原理。故選A項。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“ResearchersarenowexploringwaystoscaleuptheproducingofVIBEScapsuleswhichcouldenableclinicaltrialsinhumans.(研究人員目前正在探索擴大VIBES膠囊生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的方法，這可能使其能夠在人體內(nèi)進行臨床試驗)”可知，設(shè)備的最終目標(biāo)是植入人體內(nèi)。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thedevicehasthepotentialtorevolutionizeoptionsforweightlosstreatment.However,futurestudieswillneedtoexplorethephysiologicaleffectsofthedevicebeforeit’savailableforpatients.(該設(shè)備有可能徹底改變減肥治療的選擇。然而，未來的研究需要在患者使用該設(shè)備之前探索其生理效果)”可推知，GiovanniTraverso對設(shè)備的將來持謹慎的態(tài)度。故選B項。CAuthoritieshavemovedtotightenoversightoftherapidlyexpandingsemipreparedfoodindustry,ironingoutdefinitionsofprecookeddishesandrollingoutrulesontheuseofadditivesinthesectortoensurefoodsafety.Restaurantsarealsobeingencouragedtoidentifydishesontheirmenusthatincludesemipreparedingredients,amovethatexpertssaywillhelpcustomersmakeinformeddecisions.Thereforms,ledbytheStateAdministrationforMarketRegulation,whichoverseesproductqualityandconsumerrights,wereoutlinedinacircularissuedonThursdaybysixgovernmentagencies.Share(股票)pricesofpaniesinvolvedinthesemipreparedfoodsectorfellbyanaverageof2percentontheAsharemarketonMondaybecauseofthestrengthenedoversightIndustryinsiderssaidtheruleswerethefirsttoclarifythedefinitionofsemipreparedfoodandsetoutsafetyandqualitystandardsforthemultibillionyuanindustry.Chinahasmorethan70,000paniesmakingfooditemsthathaveundergonesomepreparationbutarenotfullycookedorreadytoeat,accordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency.Theiroutputvaluetopped500billionyuan($69.4million)lastyearandisontracktosurpass1trillionyuaninafewyears,itsaid.Thenewrulesdifferentiatebetweensemipreparedfoodalsoknownasprepackagedmeals—andotherfooditems,suchasinstantnoodles,frozendumplingsandsalads.Theysaysemipreparedfoodmustbeadishthatcanbeconsumedaftersimplepreparationssuchasheatingorboiling.Expertssaidmakersoffrozenfoodssuchasdumplingsandhamburgerswillnolongerberegardedasbeingsemipreparedfoodbusinesses,andwillbeunabletoignoreregulationsintheirownsectororenjoypreferentialpoliciestailormadeforsemipreparedfoodmakers.Theysaidthegeneralizationoftheconceptofsemipreparedfoodhadpreviouslycreatedregulatorydifficulties.8.Whyisitnecessarytooverseethesemipreparedfoodindustry?AToraisepeople’sawarenessoffoodsafetyconcerns.B.Tobantheuseofsemipreparedpreparedingredients.C.Toguaranteefoodsafetythroughstrengthenedregulations.D.Toencouragerestaurantstoidentifydishesontheirmenus.9.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Rulesaimingtodefinesemipreparedfood.B.Greatlosssufferedbysemipreparedfoodsecton.C.Safetyandqualitystandardsimposedonfoodindustry.D.Effectsonsemipreparedfoodindustrymadebythenewrules.10.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A.Semipreparedfoodcanbedirectlyconsumed.B.Instantnoodlesareconsideredassemipreparedfood.C.Semipreparedfoodmakersenjoypreferentialtreatment.D.OutputvalueofsemipreparedfoodisdecreasinginChina.11.Whatistheexpert’sattitudetowardstheregulatoryreforms?A.Ambiguous. B.Positive. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。主要介紹了中國政府加大了對迅速擴張的半成品食品行業(yè)的監(jiān)管力度，明確了預(yù)烹飪菜品的定義，并出臺了關(guān)于該行業(yè)中添加劑使用的規(guī)定，以確保食品安全。文章還介紹了這些規(guī)定對行業(yè)的影響?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Authoritieshavemovedtotightenoversightoftherapidlyexpandingsemipreparedfoodindustry,ironingoutdefinitionsofprecookeddishesandrollingoutrulesontheuseofadditivesinthesectortoensurefoodsafety.

”（有關(guān)部門已采取行動，加強對迅速擴張的半成品食品行業(yè)的監(jiān)管，明確了半成品食品的定義，并出臺了在該行業(yè)使用添加劑的規(guī)定，以確保食品安全。）可知，有必要監(jiān)管半成品食品行業(yè)是為了通過加強監(jiān)管來保障食品安全。故選C項。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。第三段“Sharepricesofpaniesinvolvedinthesemipreparedfoodsectorfellbyanaverageof2percentontheAsharemarketonMondaybecauseofthestrengthenedoversightIndustryinsiderssaidtheruleswerethefirsttoclarifythedefinitionofsemipreparedfoodandsetoutsafetyandqualitystandardsforthemultibillionyuanindustry.”（周一，由于監(jiān)管的加強，A股市場上半成品食品行業(yè)公司的股價平均下跌了2%。業(yè)內(nèi)人士表示，這些規(guī)定首次明確了半成品食品的定義，并為這個價值數(shù)十億元的行業(yè)制定了安全和質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）指出，由于監(jiān)管的加強，A股市場上半成品食品行業(yè)公司的股價平均下跌了2%，并且這些規(guī)定為行業(yè)制定了安全和質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；由此可知，第三段主要介紹了新的規(guī)定對半成品食品行業(yè)的影響。故選D項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Expertssaidmakersoffrozenfoodssuchasdumplingsandhamburgerswillnolongerberegardedasbeingsemipreparedfoodbusinesses,andwillbeunabletoignoreregulationsintheirownsectororenjoypreferentialpoliciestailormadeforsemipreparedfoodmakers.

”（專家表示，餃子和漢堡等冷凍食品的制造商將不再被視為半成品食品企業(yè)，也不能無視自己行業(yè)的規(guī)定，也不能享受為半成品制造商量身定制的優(yōu)惠政策。）可知，餃子和漢堡等冷凍食品的制造商不能享受為半成品制造商量身定制的優(yōu)惠政策；由此可以推斷半成品食品制造商享受優(yōu)惠待遇。故選C項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Restaurantsarealsobeingencouragedtoidentifydishesontheirmenusthatincludesemipreparedingredients,amovethatexpertssaywillhelpcustomersmakeinformeddecisions.”（同時，鼓勵餐廳在其菜單上標(biāo)識包含半成品食材的菜品，專家認為此舉將有助于顧客做出知情選擇。）及最后一段最后一句“Theysaidthegeneralizationoftheconceptofsemipreparedfoodhadpreviouslycreatedregulatorydifficulties.”（他們提到，過去對半成品食品概念的泛化造成了監(jiān)管上的困難。）可知，專家認為改革將有助于顧客做出知情選擇，并且過去對半成品食品概念的泛化造成了監(jiān)管上的困難，由此可知，專家對監(jiān)管改革持支持態(tài)度。故選B項。DElephantsarethelargestlandmammalsonEarth,andunderstandingthembettercouldleadtobigscientificbreakthroughsinscience.Bothdelicateandstudy,elephanttrunks(象鼻)cangraspasingleleafbutcanalsocarrynearly600pounds.Scientiststhinkthattheyareanincredibleinspirationforthenextgenerationofbioinspired(仿生)robots.Byconductingahighresolutionmotioncaptureanalysisofelephants’trunks,researchersfoundelephantshaveasetofsimplemovementsthattheycanintegratefreelytohandleobjectsofvariousshapesandsizes.Forexample,elephantsusesuction(吸力)topickuplightweightobjects.However,topickupheavierthings,theyusesuctiontosecurethepositionoftheobjectsandtrunkwrappingtoholdandliftthings.“It’snotthewholetrunkthatislengtheningorshortening—it’sdifferentparts,relyingonwhattheelephantisdoing,”saidMilinkovitch,professorofthephysicsofbiologyattheUniversityofGeneva,Switzerland.ResearchersalsoperformedCTscansandMRIsonthetrunkofadeadelephant.Theyusedhighresolutioncamerastocreatea3Dmodelofatrunk,allowingthemtobetterunderstandthestructureofanelephant’smusclegroups,skinandconnectivetissues.Thestudydatawillbeusedtohelpdesignaninnovative“soft”roboticarm.“Thedataisexceptional,butnowtheeffortistotranslatethisbiologicaldataintosomeengineeringspecifications,”Milinkovitchsaid.“Weneedtoextractsomesimplifyingprinciplesthatcanmaketherobot’sbehaviorsimpleenoughtobeeffectiveandadaptabletochanges.”Theprojectisalsofuelingadvancementsinmaterialscience,asresearchershavedevelopedanewmaterialsimilartotheusefulpropertiesofelephantskinandcanbe3Dprintedforroboticprototypes(原型).Thenewmaterialsmaybemercializedforawiderangeofuses.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“study”inparagraphlprobablymean?A.Strong. B.Broad. C.Sensitive. D.Rough13.Howdoesanelephanthandledifferentobjects?A.Bysecuringthepositionoftheseobjectsatfirst.B.Bybiningsuctionwithtrunkmovementsflexibly.C.Bysuckingthemwithallthestrength.D.Bystretchingitstrunkbasedonthings’sizes.14.Whydoresearcherstranslatethebiologicaldata?A.Totestthesafetyoftheroboticarm. B.Toupgradetheappearanceoftherobot.C.Toimprovethebehavioroftherobot. D.Tostudythestructureofmuscletissues.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ElephantTrunks:TheTheoryofMovementinRoboticsB.ElephantTrunks:TheInspirationforSoftRoboticsC.“Soft”RoboticArms:AnInnovationin3DprintedRobotsD.“Soft”RoboticArms:AMajorBreakthroughinMaterialScience【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了象鼻的功能及其對軟體機器人設(shè)計的啟發(fā)。【12題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“elephanttrunks(象鼻)cangraspasingleleafbutcanalsocarrynearly600pounds(象鼻既能抓住一片葉子，也能搬運近600磅的重物)”可知，象鼻既敏銳又強壯，是強壯的。因此“sturdy”在此處應(yīng)理解為“強壯的”。故選A?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Forexample,elephantsusesuction(吸力)topickuplightweightobjects.However,topickupheavierthings,theyusesuctiontosecurethepositionoftheobjectsandtrunkwrappingtoholdandliftthings.(例如，大象用吸力來撿起輕的物體。然而，為了拿起較重的東西，它們使用吸力來固定物體的位置，并使用軀干包裹來固定和抬起東西)”可知，大象通過靈活結(jié)合吸力和象鼻的動作來處理不同的物體。故選B?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Weneedtoextractsomesimplifyingprinciplesthatcanmaketherobot’sbehaviorsimpleenoughtobeeffectiveandadaptabletochanges.(我們需要提取一些簡化原則，使機器人的行為足夠簡單，能夠有效地適應(yīng)變化)”可知，研究人員轉(zhuǎn)化生物數(shù)據(jù)是為了改進機器人的行為，使其更有效并適應(yīng)變化。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Scientiststhinkthattheyareanincredibleinspirationforthenextgenerationofbioinspired(仿生)robots.(科學(xué)家們認為他們對下一代仿生機器人有著不可思議的啟發(fā))”可知，文章主要介紹了象鼻的功能及其對軟體機器人設(shè)計的啟發(fā)。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為B選項“象鼻：軟體機器人的靈感來源”。故選B。第二節(jié)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。（共5小題，每小題2.5分，共12.5分）Howlongdoesittaketobeeanelite(精英)inyourfield?___16___That’swhatJohnHayes,acognitivepsychologyprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity,wantedtoknow.Fordecades,Hayeshasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofeffort,practiceandknowledgeintopperformers.___17___TheresearchfocusedonpeoplelikeMozartandPicassotodeterminehowlongittookthemtobeeworldclassattheircraft.Let’stalkaboutwhatHayeshasdiscoveredaboutworldclassperformers.Andmoreimportantly,let’sdiscusshowyoucanusetheseinsightstoachieveyourgoalsandbeeyourbest.___18___Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpiecesproducedfrom1685to1900.Thecentralquestionthatdrovehisworkwas,“Howlongafteronebeesinterestedinmusicisitthatonebeesworldclass?”Eventually,Hayesdevelopedalistof500piecesof“masterworks”inthefield,whichwerecreatedbyatotalof76posers.Hayesmappedoutthetimelineofeachposerscareer.___19___Whathediscoveredwasthatvirtuallyeverysingle“masterwork”waswrittenafterthetenthyearoftheposer’scareer.Notasinglepersonproducedincredibleworkwithoutputtinginadecadeofpracticefirst.EvenageniuslikeMozarthadtoworkforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular.___20___Infollowupstudies,Hayesfoundsimilarpatternsamongfamouspaintersandpopularpoets.ThesefindingshavebeenfurtherconfirmedbyresearchfromprofessorslikeK.AndersEricsson,whoproducedresearchthatrevealedthatyouneededtoputin“10,000hours”tobeeaneliteorexpertinyourfield.A.Ittakestimetoachieveyourgoals.B.Andwhatdopeoplelikedoingintheirsparetime?C.Hehasstudiedthemosttalentedcreatorsinhistory.D.HayesstartedhisresearchbyexaminingsuccessfulposersE.ProfessorHayesbegantorefertothisperiodasthe“tenyearsofsilence”.F.Andwhatdothesuccessfulpeopledodifferentlythantherestofus?G.Andthenhecalculatedhowlongtheyhadbeenworkingbeforetheycreatedtheirpopularworks.【答案】16.F17.C18.D19.G20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了JohnHayes教授對于成為頂級精英所需時間的研究。通過分析莫扎特、畢加索等大師的作品，Hayes發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎所有杰作都是在創(chuàng)作者生涯的第十年后誕生的，強調(diào)了“十年沉默期”的重要性【16題詳解】上文“Howlongdoesittaketobeeanelite(精英)inyourfield?(成為你所在領(lǐng)域的精英需要多長時間？)”以及下文“That’swhatJohnHayes,acognitivepsychologyprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity,wantedtoknow.(這正是卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)認知心理學(xué)教授JohnHayes想要知道的)”說明JohnHayes想要知道需要多久能成為所在領(lǐng)域的精英。空處和前文并列提出關(guān)于精英的問題，并引出下文。F項“成功人士與我們其他人有什么不同之處？”符合語境。故選F?！?7題詳解】上文“Fordecades,Hayeshasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofeffort,practiceandknowledgeintopperformers.(幾十年來，海斯一直在研究努力、實踐和知識在優(yōu)秀員工中的作用)”說明Hayes教授多年研究頂尖表現(xiàn)者所付出的努力、練習(xí)和知識的作用?？仗庬樈忧拔模^續(xù)說明他的研究特點或范圍，并引出下文。C項中的He指代前文中的Hayes，“themosttalentedcreators

”和下文中的“peoplelikeMozartandPicasso”相呼應(yīng)，所以C項“他研究了歷史上最有才華的創(chuàng)作者?！狈险Z境。故選C。【18題詳解】下文“Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpiecesproducedfrom1685to1900.Thecentralquestionthatdrovehisworkwas,“Howlongafteronebeesinterestedinmusicisitthatonebeesworldclass?”(他分析了1685年至1900年間創(chuàng)作的數(shù)千首樂曲。推動他工作的核心問題是，“一個人對音樂感興趣多久后，他才能成為世界級的？”)”說明本段主要介紹了JohnHayes研究了世界級表演者，以及如何利用這些見解實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。所以D項“海斯的研究始于考察成功的作曲家”符合語境，適合引出本段，該項中的“byexaminingsuccessfulposers”和下文中的“Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpieces”相呼應(yīng)。故選D?！?9題詳解】上文“Hayesmappedoutthetimelineofeachposerscareer.

(海斯為每一位作曲家的職業(yè)生涯繪制了時間表)”說明Hayes繪制了每位作曲家的職業(yè)生涯時間線?？仗庬槼猩衔?，進一步描述他之后的分析步驟。G項中的they

指代前文中的“posers”，說明JohnHayes計算了他們創(chuàng)作流行作品之前工作了多長時間。所以G項“然后他計算了他們創(chuàng)作流行作品之前工作了多長時間。”符合語境。故選G?！?0題詳解】上文“Notasinglepersonproducedincredibleworkwithoutputtinginadecadeofpracticefirst.EvenageniuslikeMozarthadtoworkforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular.(沒有一個人在不先投入十年實踐的情況下創(chuàng)作出令人難以置信的作品。即使是像莫扎特這樣的天才，也必須工作至少十年才能創(chuàng)作出受歡迎的作品)”說明幾乎所有“杰作”都是在作曲家職業(yè)生涯的第十年后產(chǎn)生的。空處對前面的現(xiàn)象進行總結(jié)性命名。E項中的“thisperiod”指代前文中的“workforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular”，所以E項“海斯教授開始將這段時期稱為“沉默的十年”?！狈险Z境。故選E。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ItwasthemostdestructivewildfireinCaliforniahistory.ItstartedinParadise(天堂鎮(zhèn))andcaused$16.5billionin___21___,destroyingnearly19,000buildingsandkilling85inall.Thebeautyofthis___22___namedplacewasgone.Grammer,workinginLosAngeles,grewupthere.WhenhisfriendEdwardspostedpicturesofhiswhitechimney—theonlypartofhishousetosurvive—hefelt___23___.Andthenhehadanidea.“I’vegotto___24___thatchimney,”hesays,“I’mnottryingtosayanything.I’manartist.Itwasanopportunityformeto___25___.”Grammerspentthreehourspaintinganimageofawomanonthe___26___—areminderofthechimney,ofthebeautyoflife,orevenjustof___27___itself.GrammerpostedtheimageonInstagram.Thosewhowereaffectedbythefire,___28___,couldnotcalmdown.Someone___29___,“Youbringbeautyandhope.”Greatlyinspired,Grammerreturnedeighttimes.Outsideonehouse,hefoundaphotoofagirl,Eleanor.Hepaintedapictureofheronthewallofherhomeleft_____30_____.Itwasastampthatlifewashereandthatlifecan_____31_____tobehere.Thepaintinghas_____32_____meaningforthehomeowner.Eleanor’sfather,recallshowsheusedtoplayjustfeetaway.Eleanorherselfreturnedonceto_____33_____thepainting.Ironically(諷刺的是)thatfirstpainting,onthechimneyinParadise,_____34_____onlyafewmonths—thebulldozer(推土機)isacruelartcritic.However,Grammercouldn’tbemoredelighted.Itmeansthatthe_____35_____ofParadiseisrisingagain.21.A.damage B.collection C.debt D.reserve22.A.basically B.generally C.beautifully D.seriously23.A.disappointed B.interested C.helpless D.fearless24.A.beautify B.paint C.build D.repair25.A.succeed B.improve C.practice D.express26.A.chimney B.wall C.window D.door27.A.art B.life C.nature D.beauty28.A.onaverage B.ingeneral C.onearth D.inparticular29.A.argued B.insisted C.posted D.suggested30.A.standing B.existing C.fallen D.destroyed31.A.pretend B.afford C.continue D.decide32.A.new B.special C.practical D.real33.A.copy B.handle C.donate D.admire34.A.flashed B.suffered C.survived D.waited35.A.spirit B.size C.fame D.power【答案】21.A22.C23.C24.B25.D26.A27.B28.D29.C30.A31.C32.B33.D34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了藝術(shù)家Grammer在加州歷史上最具破壞性的野火之后，在廢墟上創(chuàng)作畫作，為受災(zāi)者帶來希望和美的故事。Grammer的畫作不僅是對廢墟的紀(jì)念，更是對生命之美的贊美，給受災(zāi)者帶來了極大的安慰和鼓舞。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它始于天堂鎮(zhèn)，造成165億美元損失，摧毀了近1.9萬棟建筑，造成85人死亡。A.damage損壞；B.collection收集；C.debt債務(wù)；D.reserve預(yù)訂，保留。根據(jù)下文的“destroyingnearly19,000buildings,killing85peopleandleaving50,000othershomeless”可知，此處是野火帶來的“損壞”。故選A。【22題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這個有美好命名之地的美已經(jīng)消失了。A.basically基本上；B.generally普遍地；C.beautifully美好地；D.seriously嚴重地。根據(jù)上文“ItstartedinParadise

(天堂鎮(zhèn))

”可知，天堂鎮(zhèn)有著美好的名字，火災(zāi)后，它的美消失了。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他的朋友愛德華茲上傳了他的白色煙囪的照片時——這是他房子里唯一幸存下來的部分——他感到很無助。A.disappointed感到失望的；B.interested感興趣的；C.helpless無助的；D.fearless無畏的。根據(jù)空前“postedpicturesofhiswhitechimney—theonlypartofhishousetosurvive”及常識可知，看到這種情景，他感到無助。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他說：“我得畫那個煙囪?！盇.beautify使美麗；B.paint畫，繪畫；C.build建造；D.repair修理。根據(jù)下文“Grammerspentthreehourspaintinganimageofawoman...”可知，Grammer決定畫煙囪。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我表達的機會。A.succeed成功；B.improve提高；C.practice練習(xí)；D.express表達。根據(jù)上文“I’manartist.”和下文“Grammerspentthreehourspaintinganimageofawomanonthe6 —areminderofthechimney,ofthebeautyoflife”可知，這是藝術(shù)家Grammer表達自己思想的機會。故選D。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：格拉默花了三個小時在煙囪上畫了一個女人的形象——讓人想起煙囪，想起生命的美麗，甚至是生命本身。A.chimney煙囪；B.wall墻；C.window窗戶；D.

door門。根據(jù)下文“areminderofthechimney”可知，此處指“煙囪”。故選A。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：格拉默花了三個小時在煙囪上畫了一個女人的形象——提醒人們煙囪，提醒人們生活的美麗，甚至提醒人們生活本身。A.art藝術(shù)；B.