浙江省諸暨市高三下學期5月診斷性考試英語試題

絕密★啟用前諸暨市2024年5月高三適應(yīng)性考試試題英語2024年5月注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whattimeisitnow?A.9:00. B.9:10. C.10:00.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,canyouanswersomeofmyquestions?I'mdoingaquicksurveyonaTVprogram.M:Sorry,Ican'tstop.I'msupposedtobeinclassat9:00andit'salreadytenpast.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Howdidthewomanfindherholiday?A.Adventurous. B.Aweinspiring. C.Disappointing.【答案】C【解析】原文】M:Sohow’syourholidayJane?W:Itdidn’tliveuptoourexpectationsatall.Everyonehadtoldusitwasareallyexcitingplace,butwefounditratherboring.M:Ohreally?HowbadIwasplanningtogothererecently.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhereisBennow?A.Inthebathroom. B.Inthestudy. C.Inthekitchen.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Ben,canyouanswerthephoneforme?I'mbusycookingnow.M:I'msorry,butIamtakingashower.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whenistheprojectdue?A.InJanuary. B.InFebruary. C.InMarch.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Alex,weshouldgetstartedonourscienceproject.Iwanttofinishitassoonaspossible.M:Relax,it’snotdueforanothercoupleofmonths.W:TodayisJanuary24thalready,wehavelessthanamonth.M:Ohdear,Ithoughtitwasn’tdueuntilMarch.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Themanisfaultfindingwithherreport.B.Shewillmakechangestothefiguressoon.C.Thereshouldbenoproblemwiththefigures.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:I’mafraidthefiguresonyourreportdon’tseemcorrect,Alice.W:Well,Icheckedthem3times.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.What’shappenedtothecopies?A.Theyareleftbehindathome.B.Theyarenowheretobefound.C.Theyfailtomeetthedeadline.7.Whatwillthemanhavetodoconsequently?A.Tocancelthepresentation.BTosearchelsewhere.C.Togetnewcopies.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】M:Rachel,I’velookedalloverforthecopies.Weneedtohangoutduringourpresentation.Ican’tfindthemanywhere.W:Oh,that’sterrible.Thepresentationkicksoffinonly20minutes.Didyoucheckeverywhere?M:Yeah,yourdesk.IevenwentbacktothecopymachinetoseeifIleftthemthere.W:There’snotimetosearchforthemnow,justcallJohnrightawayandtellhimtomakenewcopiesasquicklyaspossible.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Hobbies. B.Shoes. C.Leisure.9.WhycannotthewomangototheSaturdaydanceparty?A.Shewillbusyherselfwithherparents’marriageparty.B.Shedoesn’tthinkthegreenshoesproperfortheparty.C.Shedoesn’tseefittohavethemanasadancingpartner.【答案】8.B9.A【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Jenny,Itelephonedyouyesterday.Wherewereyou?W:Iwentshoppingintown.Look,whatdoyouthinkofthem?M:Oh,theylookniceonyourfeet,butI’mnotsureaboutthecolor.Aretheyblue?W:No.Theyaregreen.Ithoughtatfirsttheywereblueaswell.WhenItookthemoutsidetheshop,Isawtheyaregreen.M:ThenyoucanwearthemtothedancepartythisSaturday.It’sthebiggestpartythisyear.W:Well,myparentswillhavebeenmarriedfor40yearstillthatday.I’llhavetoprepareapartyforthem.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Toreschedulehisplanetickets.B.Toconfirmhisflightinformation.C.Toinquireaboutdiscounttickets.11.Whatmakesitimpossibleforthemantoenjoythespecialrates?A.Hisfivedaymeeting. B.Hisdeparturetime. C.Therigidrules.12.Whatdoesthebadnewsmeantotheman?A.Askinganotherairline. B.Acceptingaregularticket. C.Givingupthemeeting.【答案】10.C11.B12.A【解析】【原文】M:I’mcallingaboutplaneticketstoLondon.Iunderstandyouareofferingspecialratesrightnow.W:Tha’scorrect.Rightnow,weareofferingbusinessclassticketsat20%offourregularrates.However,therearesomerules.Youmustspendatleast5daysinLondonandyoumustleaveonaMonday,TuesdayorWednesday.M:Iseethat’snotreallygoingtobeconvenientforme.IhavetoleaveonFridayafternoonandflybackrightafterameetingthereMondaymorning.W:Thatisbadnewsfortworeasons.First,thespecialrateisnot,ineffect,atthattime.Andsecond,therearenoseatsavailableonourFridayflight.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】13.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ahouseforrent. B.Anadvertisement. C.Thehouseowner.14.Whatdoesthewomancareaboutalot?A.Thegarage. B.Thelivingspace. C.Thegarden.15.Howdoesthemanlikethehouse?A.Justsoso. B.100%perfect. C.Satisfactory.16.Whatisthephonenumberofthehouseowner?A.01864445338. B.01764444328. C.01764445328.【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Jason.Sowhat’sthehouselike?Ihopeit’sasgoodastheadvertisementmadeout.M:It’sokay.IthinkI’vefinallyfoundsomethingwe’llbothlikeatlast.W:Great.Sowhat’sitlike?M:It’swithinwalkingdistanceofuniversity,andthecitycenterisonlyabusrightaway.W:Okay,that’sagoodstart.Butwhat’sitlikeinside?Tobehonest,whenIsawtheadvertisement,Ididn’tthinkitwouldbebigenoughforthethreeofus.Therentisnotexactlycheapforthearea.Soeon.Isitworthit?M:Wellit’sgotthreebedroomsinanicelivingroom,sowe’llhaveourownspacetoworkandsomewheretosittogether.It’sclean,andthere’snoneedtodecorate.I’msureyourmomanddadwouldbehappywithit,ifthat’sanythingtogoby.W:Thatsoundsgood.M:Thehouseownerwasreallynice.Herdaughterwasastudentandstayedtherelastyear.W:Good.Theadvertisementsaidthere’snogaragebutIcanparkontheroadoutside.Icheckedandtherearenoparkingrestrictionsalongthatroad.Iknowtherearesomeshopsintheneighborhood,sowe’llbeokayforfoodandbasicthings.M:Yes,it’sanicehouse.Isupposeit’snotexactlymodern,butit’scleanandhasallthethingsyouneed.Washingmachine,stove.There’snogarden,whichisashame,butallinall,I’mhappywithit.W:Right?ThenI’dliketoseeitmyselfthisafternoon.M:You’dbettergivethehouseowneraringtoseeifshe’sFree.W:Okay,goodidea.Whatishernumber?M:It’samobilenumber,01764445328.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.Howdoyouthinkthethreemembersfeltintheirsituations?A.Confused. B.Saddened. C.Panicstruck.18.Whatcausedtheirmisunderstanding?A.Theimproperwaytonod.B.Typicalmodesofthinking.C.Unfamiliarforeigncultures.19.WhatdoesanodmeaninAmerica?A.Itmeans“Yes”. B.Itmeans“No”. C.Itmeansnothing.20.Whatarethethreeexamplesmeanttotellus?A.Mismunicationshappenbetweencultures.B.Exposuretoaforeigncultureisexcitingindeed.C.Waystogreetcanbedifferentacrosstheglobe.【答案】17.A18.C19.A20.A【解析】【原文】W:Livinginaforeignculturecanbeexciting,butitcanalsobeconfusing.Here,Itellyouafewofmyfriendsexperiences.ThereareagroupofAmericanswhotaughtEnglishinothercountries.Theydecidedthatmismunicationswerealwayspossibleevenoversomethingassimpleasyesandno.OnthefirstdayinMicronesia,Lisathoughtpeoplewereignoringherrequests.Thedaywashot.Sheneededacolddrink.Shewentintoastoreandasked.doyouhavecolddrinks?Thewomantheredidn’tsayanything.Lisarepeatedthequestion.Still.thewomansaidnothing.Lisagaveupandleftthestore.Shelaterlearnedthatthewomanhadansweredher.Shehadraisedhereyebrows,whichinMicronesiameans,yes.JanhadanexperienceinBulgaria.Shehadgonetoarestaurantthatwasknownforitsspecialcabbage.Sheaskedthewaiter,doyouhavethecabbagetoday?Henoddedhishead?Janeagerlywaited,butthecabbagenevercameinthatcountry.Anodmeansno.TomhadasimilarproblemwhenhearrivedinIndia.Afterexplainingsomethinginclass,heaskedhisstudentsiftheyunderstood.Theyrespondedwithmanydifferentnodsandshakesofthehead.Hethoughtsomepeoplehadnotunderstood.Soheexplainedagain.Whenheaskedagainiftheyunderstood,theydidthesamething.Hesoonfoundoutthathisstudentsdidunderstand.InIndia,peoplenodandshaketheirheadsindifferentways,dependingonwheretheyefrom.Youhavetoknowwhereapersonisfromtounderstandiftheymeanyesorno.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。ATheBestMaldivesIslandforYourTravelStyleEveryresort(度假地)inMaldivesisitsownprivateislandbutchoosingtherightoneforyoucanbedifficult.WanttokickoffyourIndianOceanholidayinstyle?Ourguidewillhelpyouknowwhattolookforinthehuntforyouridealisland.WaldorfAstoriaMaldivesIthaafushiYou’llnevergohungryattheWaldorfAstoriaMaldivesIthaafushi,whichhas11restaurants,includingonesspecializingingardentotablecuisine.Thereareregularfoodthemedevents,too—ourfavoritesincludeArabianNightandtheTwilightSeafoodBarbecue.FourSeasonsResortMaldivesConsideredoneofthebestspotsintheMaldivesforhoneymoons,theFourSeasonsResortMaldiveshasahugerangeofroomcategoriesandoffersabrilliantselectionofpackages,includingIslandRomancepackagesthatfeaturefantasticextrasdesignedwithcouplesinmind.FairmontMaldivesTherearenumerousreasonstovisittheFairmontMaldives,includingthefactthatit’sagreatplacetolearnaboutsustainability,whetherit’sattheSustainabilityLab,whereguestscanturndiscardedplasticbottlesintojewelryorduringexcursionswithmarinebiologistsfromacharitycreatedtoprotectseaturtles.HeritanceAarahHeritanceAarahrecentlyopeneditsLiveMaldivianVillageMuseum,whichfocuseson4,000yearsofMaldivianhistory.Guestscanlearnabouttheartofcoralstonecarvingandfindoutwhylocalsareknownassomeoftheworld’sbestboatbuilders.ToensureyouexperiencetheMaldives’bestbits,scheduleaholidayeverymonthwithoutfail.We’rejoking,butyougetthepoint:thinkwhatyouwanttoseeanddo,andbrushuponthedifferentareas’seasonalsellingpoints.21.Whoarethetargetreadersofthearticle?A.Sportslovers. B.Travelenthusiasts.C.Wildernessexplorers. D.Travelagents.22.Whatdoyouknowaboutthefourislandsremended?ATheyarethefirstfourmostvisitedsites. B.Theyhavetheirownuniquecharacteristics.C.Theyarejusttailoredforyoungcouples. D.Theyfeatureabsolutepeaceandtranquility.23.Whydoestheauthormakesuggestionsinthelastparagraph?A.TopersuadeyoutojourneytoMaldives. B.Tourgeyoutostartaholidayearly.C.Toremindyounottomisssellingpoints. D.Tohelpyouchoosetheidealisland.【答案】21.B22.B23.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在馬爾代夫島觀光時可以去的四個島嶼?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段中“Everyresort(度假地)inMaldivesisitsownprivateislandbutchoosingtherightoneforyoucanbedifficult.(馬爾代夫的每個度假勝地都有自己的私人島嶼，但為你選擇合適的島嶼可能很困難)”和“Ourguidewillhelpyouknowwhattolookforinthehuntforyouridealisland.(我們的導游將幫助您了解在尋找理想島嶼的過程中應(yīng)該尋找什么)”，下文關(guān)于四個島嶼的介紹和最后一段中“ToensureyouexperiencetheMaldives’bestbits,scheduleaholidayeverymonthwithoutfail.(為了確保您體驗馬爾代夫最好的景點，請每月安排一次假期)”可知，文章主要介紹了在馬爾代夫島觀光時可以去的四個島嶼，其目標讀者是旅游愛好者。故選B項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由WaldorfAstoriaMaldivesIthaafushi中“Thereareregularfoodthemedevents,too—ourfavoritesincludeArabianNightandtheTwilightSeafoodBarbecue.(這里也有定期的美食主題活動——我們最喜歡的包括阿拉伯之夜和黃昏海鮮燒烤)”，F(xiàn)ourSeasonsResortMaldives中“ConsideredoneofthebestspotsintheMaldivesforhoneymoons,theFourSeasonsResortMaldiveshasahugerangeofroomcategoriesandoffersabrilliantselectionofpackages,includingIslandRomancepackagesthatfeaturefantasticextrasdesignedwithcouplesinmind.(馬爾代夫四季度假酒店被認為是馬爾代夫最適合度蜜月的地方之一，它有各種各樣的房間類別，提供各種各樣的套餐，包括IslandRomance套餐，其中包括為情侶設(shè)計的奇妙附加功能)”，F(xiàn)airmontMaldives中“TherearenumerousreasonstovisittheFairmontMaldives,includingthefactthatit’sagreatplacetolearnaboutsustainability,whetherit’sattheSustainabilityLab,whereguestscanturndiscardedplasticbottlesintojewelryorduringexcursionswithmarinebiologistsfromacharitycreatedtoprotectseaturtles.(參觀馬爾代夫費爾蒙特有很多原因，包括這是一個學習可持續(xù)發(fā)展的好地方，無論是在可持續(xù)發(fā)展實驗室，客人可以在那里把丟棄的塑料瓶變成珠寶，還是在與一家為保護海龜而設(shè)的慈善機構(gòu)的海洋生物學家一起游覽時)”和HeritanceAarah中“HeritanceAarahrecentlyopeneditsLiveMaldivianVillageMuseum,whichfocuseson4,000yearsofMaldivianhistory.Guestscanlearnabouttheartofcoralstonecarvingandfindoutwhylocalsareknownassomeoftheworld’sbestboatbuilders.(HeritanceAarah最近開設(shè)了馬爾代夫鄉(xiāng)村博物館，重點展示了4000年的馬爾代夫歷史?？腿丝梢粤私馍汉魇窨痰乃囆g(shù)，并了解為什么當?shù)厝吮环Q為世界上最好的造船師)”可知，推薦的四個島嶼有自己獨特的特點。故選B項。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段“ToensureyouexperiencetheMaldives’bestbits,scheduleaholidayeverymonthwithoutfail.We’rejoking,butyougetthepoint:thinkwhatyouwanttoseeanddo,andbrushuponthedifferentareas’seasonalsellingpoints.(為了確保您體驗馬爾代夫最好的景點，請每月安排一次假期。我們在開玩笑，但你要抓住要點：想想你想看什么、想做什么，然后重溫一下不同地區(qū)的季節(jié)性賣點)”可知，作者以開玩笑的方式建議讀者每月安排一次去馬爾代夫的假期，其目的還是希望幫助游客選擇理想的島嶼以供其游玩。故選D項。BInHollywood,fewactorshaveexperiencedacareerasdiverseandprolificasHarrisonFord.FromthefearlessIndianaJonestothecharmingHanSoloandtheworldwearyRickDeckard,Ford’sportrayal(飾演)oficoniccharactershasleftapermanentmarkoncinemaandpopculture.Yet,theironyliesinhowmanyofhiscareerdefiningrolesfellintothis“l(fā)atebloomer’s”lapbychance.BorninChicago,Harrisonwasdiscouragedfrompursuingacareeronthesilverscreenearlyon,havingfailedtolandanysignificantparts.Instead,heturnedtoprofessionalcarpentry(木工)asameanstokeephisfamilyfed.Butfatehadotherplans.WhileworkingasacarpenterinHollywood,FordcrossedpathswithnumerouscelebrityclientssuchasJoanDidionand,mostnotably,directorGeorgeLucas,whohiredhimtobuildcabinetsforhisoffice.LittledidFordknowthatthischanceencounterwouldleadtohisbreakthroughroleasthecharmingHanSoloinStarWars.LucaswasimpressedbyFord’spresenceandofferedhimtheiconicrole.Intime,Fordrosetoastar.Ford’snextluckymomentcamewhenhetriedoutfortheroleofIndianaJonesinamassiveprojectbyLucasandStevenSpielberg,RaidersoftheLostArk.SpielberginitiallywantedFordfortherole,butLucaswashesitantashehadalreadyworkedwithFordonStarWarand1973’sAmericanGraffiti.Thentheproductionteamtriedmanyotherpossibilitiesbutwithoutluck.Eventually,therolewenttoFord,strengtheninghisstatusasaHollywoodlegend.Thefilmseriesbecameaworldwidesensation,stimulatingpeople’simaginationandinspiringagenerationoffuturearchaeologists.Over40yearsandfourfilmslater,Fordfoundhimselfpletingtheserieswiththefifthandfinalinstallment.EightyoneyearoldHarrisonreceivedafiveminutestandingovation(鼓掌)attheCannesFilmFestivalPremiereandpickedupanhonoraryPalmed’Orforhisachievements.Ford’smitmenttohiscareerisevidentashesaid,“Ilovethework!Myluckhasbeentoworkwithincrediblytalentedpeople,tofindmywayintothiscrowdofgeniuses.”DespitehislegendarystatusinHollywood,Ford’shumilityshinesthrough.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prolific”probablymeaninparagraph1?A.Productive. B.Fruitless. C.Hardearned. D.Promising.25.WhatmadeHarrisondiscouragedinhisearlyfilmcareer?A.Hislackoftalent. B.Theuncertainprospect.C.Thedullindustry. D.Hisfamilyopposition.26.WhatisthefactorhighlightedinthepassageinFord’slandingtheimportantroles?A.Hisgoodfortune. B.Hisconvincingacting.C.Hisfinereputation. D.Hisbigcircleoffriends.27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHarrison?A.Arisingfilmgenius. B.Ahumblecarpenter.C.AHollywoodlegend. D.Afearlesschallenger.【答案】24.A25.B26.A27.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了好萊塢著名演員哈里森·福特的個人事跡和演藝經(jīng)歷。【24題詳解】詞句猜測題。由第一段中“InHollywood,fewactorshaveexperiencedacareerasdiverseandprolificasHarrisonFord.FromthefearlessIndianaJonestothecharmingHanSoloandtheworldwearyRickDeckard,Ford’sportrayal(飾演)oficoniccharactershasleftapermanentmarkoncinemaandpopculture.(在好萊塢，很少有演員能像哈里森·福特那樣經(jīng)歷過多樣化和prolific職業(yè)生涯。從無畏的印第安納·瓊斯到迷人的韓·索羅和厭世的里克·德卡德，福特對標志性人物的刻畫在電影和流行文化中留下了永久的印記)”可知，哈里森·福特塑造了多個令人印象深刻的角色，在電影和流行文化中留下了永久的印記，可得出他的演員職業(yè)生涯很富有成效，劃線詞意為“多產(chǎn)的、富有成效的（Productive）”。故選A項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中“BorninChicago,Harrisonwasdiscouragedfrompursuingacareeronthesilverscreenearlyon,havingfailedtolandanysignificantparts.(哈里森出生于芝加哥，由于未能出演任何重要角色，他很早就被勸阻不要在銀幕上追求職業(yè)生涯)”可知，由于未能出演任何重要角色，職業(yè)前景的不確定性讓哈里森在早期的電影生涯中氣餒。故選B項?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第三段中“Butfatehadotherplans.WhileworkingasacarpenterinHollywood,FordcrossedpathswithnumerouscelebrityclientssuchasJoanDidionand,mostnotably,directorGeorgeLucas,whohiredhimtobuildcabinetsforhisoffice.LittledidFordknowthatthischanceencounterwouldleadtohisbreakthroughroleasthecharmingHanSoloinStarWars.(但命運另有安排。在好萊塢做木匠期間，福特結(jié)識了許多名人客戶，如瓊·狄迪恩，最著名的是導演喬治·盧卡斯，后者聘請福特為他的辦公室建造櫥柜。福特不知道，這次偶然的相遇將使他在《星球大戰(zhàn)》中扮演極具吸引力的漢·索羅，這是一個突破性的角色)”和第四段中“Ford’snextluckymomentcamewhenhetriedoutfortheroleofIndianaJonesinamassiveprojectbyLucasandStevenSpielberg,RaidersoftheLostArk.(福特的下一個幸運時刻是，他在盧卡斯和史蒂文·斯皮爾伯格的一個大型項目《奪寶奇兵》中試演印第安納·瓊斯一角)”可知，福特的好運是他獲得重要角色的突出因素。故選A項。【27題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中“InHollywood,fewactorshaveexperiencedacareerasdiverseandprolificasHarrisonFord.(在好萊塢，很少有演員能像哈里森·福特那樣經(jīng)歷過多樣化和多產(chǎn)的職業(yè)生涯)”和最后一段中“DespitehislegendarystatusinHollywood,Ford’shumilityshinesthrough.(盡管福特在好萊塢有著傳奇般的地位，但他的謙遜仍歷歷在目)”可知，哈里森是好萊塢的傳奇人物。故選C項。CWhalesarecelebratedforbeingthelargestandmostintelligentcreaturesintheocean.Now,biologistshavediscoveredthattheyalsocapture(捕獲)tonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphere,aservicewithaneconomicvalueofUS$1trillionforallthegreatwhales,accordingtoanewstudypublishedbytheInternationalMonetaryFund.Thestudypointsoutthatprotectingwhales,normallyviewedasahumangood,alsohasamonetarymotivation.“Thecarboncapturepotentialofwhalesistrulyincredible,”saidthereport.“OurconservativeestimatesputthevalueoftheaveragegreatwhaleatmorethanUS$2million,andeasilyoverUS$1trillionforthecurrentstockofgreatwhales.”Whalesabsorbcarbonintheirbodiesduringtheirlonglives,someofwhichstretchto200years.Whentheydie,theysinktothebottomoftheocean,takingthecarbonwiththem.Accordingtothestudy,eachgreatwhaletrapsaround33tonsofcarbondioxideonaverage.Atreeduringthesameperiodonlycontributesto3percentofthecarbonabsorptionofthewhale.Whalepopulationsaretodayasmidgenofwhattheyoncewere.Itisestimatedthatthereareslightlymorethan1.3millionwhalesintheocean,aquarteroftheirprewhalingnumberof4to5million.Somespeciesinparticular,likethebluewhale,areonly3percentofwhattheyusedtobe.“Wecancreatefinancialmethodstopromotetherestorationoftheworld’swhalepopulations,”saidthereport’sauthors.“Rewardscouldhelpthosewhopaysignificantcostsasaresultofwhaleprotection.”WiththeParisAgreementingintoforcenextyearandtheeffectsofclimatechangeevermorewidespread,wemustpreventtheharmtowhales.Researchersanalyzedthatunlessnewmethodsareputforward,itwouldtakeover30yearstodoublethenumberofcurrentwhales,andseveralgenerationstoreturnthemtotheirprewhalingnumbers.“Societyandourownsurvivalcan’taffordtowaitthislong,”theysaid.28.Whatdoesthenewstudyrevealaboutwhales?A.Theyaremoneymakersforgood. B.Theirintelligenceisunquestionable.C.Theyareanaturalclimatesolution. D.Theirsurvivalisthreatenedbycarbon.29.Whyisawhaleparedwithatreeinparagraph2?A.Toindicateallmatterregardinggreenefforts. B.Toillustratewhalesarefriendlytotheoceans.C.Tohighlightwhales’carboncapturepotential. D.Toemphasizetheimportanceoftreeplanting.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromwhatresearcherssaidinparagraph4?A.Climatechangeintensifies. B.Whalepopulationsstaylow.C.Oursurvivalisendangered. D.Whaleprotectionisapriority.31.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthearticle?A.Protectwhalestoprotecttheplanet B.HowtorestorewhalepopulationsC.Liveinharmonywithoceangiants D.Whalescanguaranteeoursurvival【答案】28.C29.C30.D31.A【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)鯨魚有巨大的碳捕獲能力，但是它們受到威脅，因此，我們必須保護鯨魚，也就是保護地球和我們自己?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whalesarecelebratedforbeingthelargestandmostintelligentcreaturesintheocean.Now,biologistshavediscoveredthattheyalsocapture(捕獲)tonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphere,aservicewithaneconomicvalueofUS$1trillionforallthegreatwhales,accordingtoanewstudypublishedbytheInternationalMonetaryFund.(鯨魚被認為是海洋中最大、最聰明的生物。根據(jù)國際貨幣基金組織發(fā)表的一項新研究，生物學家發(fā)現(xiàn)它們還從大氣中捕獲了數(shù)噸的碳，這一服務(wù)對所有大型鯨魚來說都具有1萬億美元的經(jīng)濟價值)”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，鯨魚能從大氣中捕獲碳，它們是一種自然的氣候解決方案。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Accordingtothestudy,eachgreatwhaletrapsaround33tonsofcarbondioxideonaverage.Atreeduringthesameperiodonlycontributesto3percentofthecarbonabsorptionofthewhale.(根據(jù)這項研究，每頭鯨魚平均能捕獲33噸二氧化碳。在同一時期，一棵樹只貢獻了鯨魚碳吸收的3%)”可推知，文章將鯨魚捕獲碳的能力與樹木相比較，來強調(diào)鯨魚的碳捕獲巨大的潛力。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Researchersanalyzedthatunlessnewmethodsareputforward,itwouldtakeover30yearstodoublethenumberofcurrentwhales,andseveralgenerationstoreturnthemtotheirprewhalingnumbers.“Societyandourownsurvivalcan’taffordtowaitthislong,”theysaid.(研究人員分析說，除非提出新的方法，否則將需要30多年的時間才能使目前的鯨魚數(shù)量增加一倍，并需要幾代人的時間才能使它們恢復(fù)到捕鯨前的數(shù)量。他們說：“社會和我們自己的生存等不起這么久。”)”可知，研究人員表示，需要使用新的方法使鯨魚的數(shù)量盡快恢復(fù)，否則回威脅我們自身的生存。因此，保護鯨魚是當務(wù)之急。故選D。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whalesarecelebratedforbeingthelargestandmostintelligentcreaturesintheocean.Now,biologistshavediscoveredthattheyalsocapture(捕獲)tonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphere,aservicewithaneconomicvalueofUS$1trillionforallthegreatwhales,accordingtoanewstudypublishedbytheInternationalMonetaryFund.(鯨魚被認為是海洋中最大、最聰明的生物。根據(jù)國際貨幣基金組織發(fā)表的一項新研究，生物學家發(fā)現(xiàn)它們還從大氣中捕獲了數(shù)噸的碳，這一服務(wù)對所有大型鯨魚來說都具有1萬億美元的經(jīng)濟價值)”及第四段“WiththeParisAgreementingintoforcenextyearandtheeffectsofclimatechangeevermorewidespread,wemustpreventtheharmtowhales.(隨著《巴黎協(xié)定》明年生效，氣候變化的影響越來越廣泛，我們必須防止對鯨魚的傷害)”可知，鯨魚有巨大的碳捕獲能力，但是它們受到威脅，因此，我們必須保護鯨魚，也就是保護地球和我們自己。A選項“保護鯨魚就是保護地球”為最佳標題。故選A。DVitaminDwasrecognizedacenturyagoasthecureforrickets,achildhooddiseasethatcausesweakbones.Then,intheearly2000s,apileofstudiessuggestedthatlowvitaminDlevelscouldbeafactorincancer,cardiovascular(心血管)disease,Parkinson’sdiseaseandsoon.Thissimplevitaminseemedtobeacureforwhatevertroubledus.However,alltheseobservationalstudieshaveafundamentalweakness:theycanidentifyacooccurrencebetweenvitaminDandadisease,buttheycan’tprovethereisacauseandeffectrelation.TolookatwhethertakingvitaminDhadcurativeeffects,Mansonandherteamstartedtheworld’slargestandmostfarreachingrandomizedvitaminDtrial.Thestudyfollowednearly26,000healthyadults,randomizedtoreceiveeither2,000internationalunits(IU)ofvitaminDoraplacebo(安慰劑),foranaverageof5.3years.Thevolunteerswerealmostevenlysplitbetweenmenandwomen,and20percentoftheparticipantswereblack.Theresultscameasashock.NotonlydidvitaminDnotreduceratesofcancerorheartdisease,butthetrialalsofoundthatvitaminDdidnotpreventorimprovecognitivefunction,orreducetheriskofbonefractures(骨折).Thefindingaboutfractures“wasarealsurprisetomanypeople,”Mansonsays.In2011,theInstituteofMedicineestablishedanexpertmitteetoconductathoroughanalysisofallexistingstudiesonvitaminDandhealth.ThemitteeconcludedthatthebonestrengtheningbenefitsofvitaminDremainsteadywhenbloodlevelsreach12to16nanogramspermillililter.Theyalsofoundthattherewerenobenefitstohavinglevelsabove20ng/ml.AccordingtomeasurementsofvitaminDlevelsinthegeneralU.S.population,mosthadlevelsof20ng/mlormorein2011.Levelshaveactuallyrisensincethen,meaningthatmostpeopledon’tneedtotakeextravitaminD.TheupsanddownsofvitaminDofferalessoninhumility.Therelationbetweenthevitaminanddiseaseisfarmoreplicatedthanitfirstseemedandareminderthatscientificunderstandingisalwaysdevelopingovertime.32.WhatistheproblemwiththeearlystudiesregardingvitaminD?A.Norelatedcaseswereinvolved. B.Theylackconvincingevidence.C.Noobservationwasconducted. D.Theyfailtoaccountforanything.33.Whywere20percentoftheparticipantsblackinManson’strial?A.ToidentifyvitaminDrelateddisease. B.Tohelpsolvetheproblemstheyfaced.C.Tomaketheirfindingsmorereliable. D.Toshowtheirrespectfortheminority.34.Whatdoyouknowaboutthefindingsinparagraph3and4?A.TheyprovedvitaminDwasthecurefordisease.B.TheyrevealedthatvitaminDmadenodifference.C.TheycameasnosurprisetoMansonandherteam.D.Theyupdatedpeople’sknowledgeaboutvitaminD.35.WhatshouldwerealizefromtheupsanddownsofvitaminD?A.Scientificunderstandingisdynamic. B.Weshouldnotbelievetheoldtheories.C.Researchintovitaminsisworthwhile. D.Somediseasesarepracticallyincurable.【答案】32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了不同時期對于維生素D對人體健康的研究，最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當血液中維生素D的含量達到每毫升12至16毫微克時，維生素D對骨骼的增強作用保持穩(wěn)定，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)更新了人們的認識，也讓我們認識到科學是動態(tài)發(fā)展的。【32題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“However,alltheseobservationalstudieshaveafundamentalweakness:theycanidentifyacooccurrencebetweenvitaminDandadisease,buttheycan’tprovethereisacauseandeffectrelation.(然而，所有這些觀察性研究都有一個根本的弱點：它們可以確定維生素D和疾病之間的共同發(fā)生，但它們不能證明兩者之間存在因果關(guān)系)”可知，先前的研究無法證明缺少維生素D會導致疾病的發(fā)生，缺乏有力的實驗證據(jù)。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TolookatwhethertakingvitaminDhadcurativeeffects,Mansonandherteamstartedtheworld’slargestandmostfarreachingrandomizedvitaminDtrial.(為了研究服用維生素D是否有療效，曼森和她的團隊開始了世界上規(guī)模最大、影響最深遠的隨機維生素D試驗)”及“Thevolunteerswerealmostevenlysplitbetweenmenandwomen,and20percentoftheparticipantswereblack.(志愿者中男女幾乎各占一半，20%的參與者是黑人)”可推知，曼森的實驗中有20%的黑人參與者是為了使實驗數(shù)據(jù)更廣泛，從而使得結(jié)果更可靠。故選C。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“VitaminDwasrecognizedacenturyagoasthecureforrickets,achild