專題09非謂語動詞-2024年中考英語真題題源解密（原卷版）

專題09非謂語動詞江蘇中考英語對非謂語動詞的考查集中在單項選擇題、填空題。考查重點包括動詞不定式和動名詞。本專題目的在于幫助學生梳理非謂語動詞的用法，以幫助同學們高效復習。考點考向考法/命題角度非謂語動詞動詞不定式不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)、用法、含不定式的常用句型動名詞動名詞的用法和含有動名詞的句型?考向一動詞不定式1．（2023·江蘇南通）________healthy,we’vegotusedtowashinghandsbeforemealsandusingpublicchopsticks.A．Keeping B．Keep C．Tokeep D．Tokeeping【答案】C【詳解】句意：為了保持健康，我們已經(jīng)習慣飯前洗手和使用公共筷子?？疾榉侵^語動詞。根據(jù)題干可知，飯前洗手和使用公筷是為了保持健康，應用動詞不定式作目的狀語，故選C。2．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江）Travellerscan’twait________theirnewtoursintheingholiday.A．tostart B．starting C．started D．start【答案】A【詳解】句意：旅行者們迫不及待地想在即將到來的假期開始他們的新旅行?？疾榉侵^語動詞。can’twaittodosth.“迫不及待做某事”，應用不定式。故選A。3．（2023·江蘇徐州）IhavedecidedtogotoBeijingand________oneofmyoldfriendsthere.A．visiting B．visited C．visits D．visit【答案】D【詳解】句意：我決定去北京看望我在那里的一位老朋友?？疾榉侵^語動詞。decidetodosth.“決定做某事”，空格處應為動詞原形，省略了動詞不定式符號to，故選D。4．（2023·江蘇宿遷）—OurschoolwillinviteMr.Wang________usatalkonenvironmentalprotectionnextweek.—That’swonderful!A．give B．togive C．giving D．gave【答案】B【詳解】句意：——下周我們學校將邀請王先生給我們做一個關于環(huán)境保護的演講?！鞘蔷实?！考查非謂語動詞。invitesb.todosth.“邀請某人做某事”。故選B。5．（2023·江蘇揚州）Scienceismyfavouritesubject,soIhaveprepared________theSTEAMClub.A．join B．joining C．tojoin D．tojoining【答案】C【詳解】句意：科學是我最喜歡的科目，所以我已經(jīng)準備加入STEAM俱樂部了?？疾榉侵^語動詞。preparetodosth“準備做某事”，固定短語，所以空處用動詞不定式，故選C。動詞不定式在中考語法項目中，主要考查動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語、目的狀語。動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，有時to省略，直接由動詞原形構(gòu)成。否定式由“notto+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。如：Wedecidedtogoonhikingthoughweweretired.雖然我們很累，但是我們決定繼續(xù)遠足。Thegirltriednottowakeuphermother.這女孩盡量不吵醒她媽媽。1.動詞不定式作賓語（1）接不定式作賓語的動詞（“動詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)）常見的有：learn學會plan計劃decide決定try盡力choose選擇agree同意refuse拒絕pretend假裝offer主動wouldlike/want想要expect期望hope/wish希望promise承諾afford負擔得起prefer喜歡help幫助(helptodo/helpdo)like喜歡(liketodo/doing)continue繼續(xù)(continuetodo/doing)begin/start開始(begin/starttodo/doing)如：Iwouldliketohaveasandwich.我想要吃一個三明治。（2）動詞不定式作賓語，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式賓語。如：Wefounditdifficulttounderstandwhatyousaid.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難理解你所說的話。（3）有的動詞在不定式前可加上疑問詞（who，what，which等）作賓語（即“動詞+疑問詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)），常見的有：show表明、指示；know知道；tell告訴；teach教；learn學習；decide決定。如：Larrydidn’tknowhowtotellherthebadnews.拉里不知道如何告訴她這個壞消息。2.動詞不定式作賓語補足語（1）接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞（動詞+sb.+todo結(jié)構(gòu)，否定式“動詞+sb.+nottodo”）常見的有：tell告訴ask請order命令warn警告teach教want想要require要求wish希望expect期望encourage鼓勵allow允許invite邀請advise建議force強迫如：Doyouwantmetofindoutthephonenumber?你想要我找出那個號碼嗎？（2）有些及物動詞，接不定式作賓語補足語時（動詞+sb.+do），要省略to。這類及物動詞常見的有：let讓make使have使see看見watch注視hear聽到notice注意到feel感覺起來被動語態(tài)中要還原to，如makesb.do被動語態(tài)變?yōu)閟b.bemadetodo。如：Isawhimreadinthelibraryyesterday.我昨天看到他在圖書館閱讀3.動詞不定式作目的狀語不定式作目的狀語，可放在句首或句末。to表示目的、為了。如：Tolearnmathwell,youmustdomoreexercises.為了學好數(shù)學，你必須多做練習。Wecameheretoaskyouforhelp.我們來這是為了向你尋求幫助。4.不定式的常見句型?考向二動名詞6．（2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江）—Chinaisgettingbetterandbetteratmakinghightechnologyproducts.—That’sright.Peoplearoundtheworldcanhardlyavoid________theseproductsmadeinChina.A．tobuy B．nottobuy C．buying D．notbuying【答案】C【詳解】句意：——中國在制造高科技產(chǎn)品方面做得越來越好?！獙Φ?。世界各地的人們很難避免購買這些中國制造的產(chǎn)品。考查動名詞作賓語。avoiddoingsth“避免做某事”，使用動名詞作賓語，排除AB；根據(jù)“Chinaisgettingbetterandbetteratmakinghightechnologyproducts.”可知，中國在制造高科技產(chǎn)品方面做得越來越好，此處表示肯定含義，故選C。7．（2022上·江蘇·九年級校聯(lián)考期末）—Youdon’tknowhowmuchdifficultyIhad________thetwotickets.—Butthefilmisreallyworth________twice.A．get;towatch B．toget;towatch C．getting;watching D．getting;tobewatched【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你不知道我買這兩張票有多難。——但這部電影真的值得看兩遍?？疾榉侵^語動詞。havedifficultydoing“做某事有困難”，故第一空用getting；beworthdoing“某事值得被做”，主動形式表被動含義，故第二空用watching。故選C。8．（2022上·江蘇鹽城·九年級統(tǒng)考期末）—Myputerworksmuchmoreslowlythesedays.—Maybeithascaughtavirus.Theputerrequires________aboutonceamonth.A．checking B．tocheck C．check D．checked【答案】A【詳解】句意：——這些天我的電腦工作起來慢多了?！苍S它感染了病毒。這臺電腦大約需要每月檢查一次?？疾榉侵^語動詞。requiredoing“需要做某事；表示某事需要被做或完成”，是固定搭配。故選A。動名詞動名詞是一種兼有動詞和名詞特征的非謂語動詞形式。其構(gòu)成法與現(xiàn)在分詞一樣，有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，其否定形式直接在動名詞前加not即可。1.動名詞的作用動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。(1)作主語如：Readingisanart.讀書是一種藝術。Playingbasketballisinteresting.打籃球很有趣(2)作表語動名詞作表語時，句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或由what引導的名詞性從句。作表語的動名詞與主語通常是對等的關系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。如：Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.→Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.你的任務就是擦窗戶。WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.→BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。(3)作賓語①作動詞的賓語某些動詞后只能用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動詞(詞組)有：advise,allow,permit,avoid,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,practice,giveup,suggest,keepon,can'thelp(情不自禁)等。如：Ihavealreadyfinishedreadingthisbook.我已經(jīng)讀完這本書了。②作介詞的賓語介詞后如果接動詞作賓語，常要用動名詞形式。如：thinkabout,worryabout,be/getusedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto等。如：Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我們正考慮為下學期制訂新的計劃。We'relookingforwardtoreceivingyourletter.我們盼望收到你的來信。③作形容詞的賓語如：Wearebusypreparingfortheingsportsmeeting.我們正為馬上到來的運動會忙著做準備。(4)作定語動名詞作定語時往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如：awalkingstick拐杖awashingmachine洗衣機areadingroom閱覽室2.含有動名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.做某事是沒有用的bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事spendtime/moneydoingsth.花時間/錢做某事havedifficulty/fun/problemsdoingsth.做某事有困難/樂趣【易錯警示】三、既可以接不定式又可以接動名詞的動詞1.有的動詞后面既可接動詞不定式，也可接動名詞作賓語，意義不變。如：begin,start,hate,like,love等。2.有些動詞后接不定式或動名詞時，意義差別較大。如：forgettodosth.忘記要做某事(事還沒做)forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事(事已做)remembertodosth.記得要做某事(事還沒做)rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事(事已做)stoptodosth.停下來去做某事(去做另一件事)stopdoingsth.停止做某事(不做了)trytodosth.努力做某事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事goontodosth.繼續(xù)去做某事(繼續(xù)做不同的事)goondoingsth.繼續(xù)不停地做某事(同一動作的繼續(xù))如：Don'tforgettoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.你離開前別忘記關窗戶。HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport?你忘了在北京機場已經(jīng)見過她了嗎？A動詞不定式9．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考一模）I’mhappythatJudyhasbeethefirstone________fivebooksduringtheReadingWeek.A．finished B．tofinish C．finishing D．finishes10．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考二模）MrWangoftenencouragesus________closetonatureandenjoyitsbeauty.A．get B．getting C．toget D．gets11．（2023·江蘇淮安·?？家荒＃㏕hewillowcatkins(柳絮)areoftenseen________inHuaianinMay.A．swim B．toswim C．swimming D．swam12．（2023·江蘇南京·?？家荒＃㏒choolsshouldencouragestudents________goodworkinghabitsthroughlabor(勞動)education.A．toform B．form C．forming D．forms13．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考一模）Janewasshy.Shewouldnotinviteherclassmate___________.A．practise B．practises C．practising D．topractise14．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考二模）Ididn’tnoticeTom________thecoatandleave.Iwasbusycookinginthekitchen.A．take B．takes C．taking D．took15．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考二模）________mymotherasurprise,Icookedabowlofnoodlesforheronherbirthday.A．Give B．Giving C．Togive D．Tobegiven16．（2023·江蘇揚州·校考三模）________theenvironment,weshouldplantmoretrees.A．Protect B．Protected C．Protecting D．Toprotect17．（2023·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考三模）Bettywilljoinasummercampthatshe’slookingforwardto________differentkindsofabilities.A．develop B．todevelop C．developing D．develops18．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模）Openonlinecoursesallowstudentsalloverthecountry________lessonsonlineatanytime,fromanywhere.A．toattend B．a(chǎn)ttend C．a(chǎn)ttending D．a(chǎn)ttended19．（2023·江蘇揚州·校聯(lián)考二模）Theway________theclassroomcleanandtidyprovestobeverygood.A．keeps B．keeping C．kept D．tokeep20．（2023·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考二模）________oureyesight,weshouldpayattentiontothedistancebetweenoureyesandthebookorscreen.A．Protect B．Toprotect C．Protecting D．Toprotecting21．（2023·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考一模）________ourdream,weshouldworkhardandnevergiveup.A．Achieve B．Achieved C．Achieving D．Toachieve22．（2023·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考一模）Itdoesn’ttakemuch________thewatersupplysystemofyourhome.A．improve B．toimprove C．improving D．toimproving23．（2023·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考一模）ChinahasworkedwithAfricancountries________climatechangeandprotecttheenvironment.A．fight B．tofight C．fighting D．fought24．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·校聯(lián)考一模）—WhatshouldIdo________stupidmistakesintheChineseexam?—Readtheinstructionscarefullybeforeansweringthequestions.A．a(chǎn)voidmake B．toavoidmake C．a(chǎn)voidmaking D．toavoidmaking25．（2023·江蘇鹽城·模擬預測）Accordingtomyparents,doingchores(做家務)enablesme________thefamilyresponsibilitybetter.A．understand B．understanding C．understood D．tounderstand26．（2023·江蘇無錫·模擬預測）________theenvironment,everyoneshouldplayapartinit.A．Save B．Tosave C．Saving D．Saved27．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考一模）________moreaboutthepany,visitthewebsiteifnecessary.A．Know B．Knew C．Knowing D．Toknow28．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考二模）Jack’smotheralwaysremindshim________hisreportoftheprojectontime.A．finish B．finished C．tofinish D．finishing29．（2023·江蘇淮安·?？家荒＃￤hatsportdoesZhongNanshanenjoy________himlookstrong?A．tomake B．make C．making D．made30．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考一模）OnFebruary13,2023,WuYibingcreatedanewhistoryofChinesetennisandbecamethefirstman________thechampionship.A．win B．wins C．won D．towin31．（2022·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考一模）Youlooktired.You’dbetter________agoodrest.A．stoptohave B．stophavingC．tostoptohave D．tostophaving32．（2022·江蘇連云港·校考三模）WorldReadingDayisnowcelebrated________people’sloveofreading.A．improving B．improve C．improved D．toimproveB動名詞33．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考一模）—Mr.Leeisananimallover.Hespendsasmuchtimeashecan________animals.—Heisatruefriendofanimals.A．protect B．protects C．toprotect D．protecting34．（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考二模）Manystudentshavedifficulty________withtheirparents,whichcausestroubleintheirlife.A．municate B．tomunicate C．municating D．municated35．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模）—WhatafantastictimewehadinHappyValleyThemePark!—Yes.Icouldn’tstop________photosinthepark.A．take B．took C．taking D．totake36．（2023·江蘇蘇州·蘇州高新區(qū)實驗初級中學?？级＃_______hisarrivalattheairportinJapan,hebegantoregret________togoabroadforfurtherstudywithoutcarefulpreparation.A．On;todecide B．Assoonas;decidingC．As;tomakeadecision D．Upon;makingadecision37．（2023·江蘇揚州·校聯(lián)考二模）Iknowit’ssilly,butIcan’thelp________likeIfailedyouinsomeways.A．feel B．tofeel C．feeling D．felt38．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考一模）Lookatthepicture.Whatgreatfunthechildrenarehaving________now!A．catchingfish B．tocatchfish C．feedingfish D．tofeedfish39．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考二模）Ithinkweshouldspendasmuchtimeaswecan________inoursparetime.A．read B．toread C．reading D．toreading40．（2022·江蘇蘇州·?？家荒＃〩edevotedwhathepaidattention________itpossibleforwomen________bettereducation.A．tomaking;toreceive B．tomaking;toreceiving C．totomaking;toreceive D．totomaking;receive41．（2023·江蘇揚州·模擬預測）Ifyouwant________yourpronunciation,keepon________everyday.A．improve,topractice B．improved,practicingC．improving,topractice. D．toimprove,practicing42．（2023·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考一模）Whenhismothercamebackhome,hestopped________TVandwenttothestudy.A．towatch B．watched C．watch D．watching43．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考一模）Wouldyoumind________mealonefora