重難點(diǎn)16現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-2023年中考英語專練（原卷版）

專項(xiàng)二時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)重難點(diǎn)16現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞①肯定句：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+賓語.②否定句：主語+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞）+賓語.③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+賓語.④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞（Ved）+其他）2.過去分詞變化規(guī)則如下：1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。變化規(guī)則有四點(diǎn)：（1）一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加＂ed＂。work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited（2）以＂e＂結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加＂d＂。live→lived→lived（3）以＂輔音字母+y＂結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將＂y＂變?yōu)椋＂，再加＂ed＂。study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried（4）重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加＂ed＂。stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化需參看不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表逐一熟記。cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。Ihavealreadypostedthephoto.我已經(jīng)把照片寄走了。強(qiáng)調(diào)post對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響＂照片不在這里＂。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作(用行為動(dòng)詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動(dòng)詞表示)，常與for(+時(shí)間段)，since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子)連用，謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：Hehaslivedheresince1978.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。①for+時(shí)間段譯為：……時(shí)間②since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(譯為：自從……以來)③since+時(shí)間段+ago④since+從句(過去時(shí))⑤Itis+時(shí)間段+since+從句(過去時(shí))注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞(buy,die,join,lose...)與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段連用時(shí)，要改變成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。變化如下：e/arrive/reach/getto→bein goout→beout finish→beoveropen→beopen die→bedead buy→haveFallill→beill eback→beback Puton→beon/wearWorry→beworried Catchacold→haveacold4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是一個(gè)與過去和現(xiàn)在都有關(guān)系的時(shí)態(tài)，因此，具有這樣時(shí)間特點(diǎn)的狀語都可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。1.與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如＂for+時(shí)間段＂，＂since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)＂。如：Wehavelivedinthiscityformorethan40years.我們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已生活了40多年。Wehavelivedinthiscitysince1958.我們從1958年起就住在這個(gè)城市里。從以上兩個(gè)例句我們可以看出，與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常為stay,live,teach,learn,work,sleep,read,wait,keep等具有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞。2.與籠統(tǒng)地表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如already,never,ever,just等。如：I’vejustfoundthislibrarybook.我剛剛找到這本圖書館的書。Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.她唱得多美啊！我還從來沒聽到過比這更優(yōu)美的嗓音。3.與表示包含過去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如lately,recently,inthepastfewyears,thesefewyears,thesedays,uptonow,sofar等。如：Howhaveyoubeenrecently?你近來狀況如何？Thefamouswriterhaswrittenanewbookinthepasttwoyears.那位著名的作家在過去兩年的時(shí)間里寫了一本新書。Haveyouseenherparentsthesedays?這些天你看見她的父母了嗎？TheBrownshavevisitedalotofplacesinChinasofar.迄今為止，布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國的許多地方。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與單純表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday,lastweek,in2002,threedaysago等5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)區(qū)別1.側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，但它們所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)不同：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；而一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間，即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，而一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。如：Ihaveseenthefilm.我看過這部電影。（現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容）Isawthefilmthreedaysago.三天前我看了這部電影。（強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前，而不是別的什么時(shí)候看的電影）MrGreenhasboughtanewputer.格林先生買了一臺(tái)新電腦。（著重點(diǎn)是格林先生現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦）MrGreenboughtanewputeryesterday.格林先生昨天買了一臺(tái)新電腦。（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是格林先生買新電腦的時(shí)間是昨天）2.時(shí)間狀語不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副詞以及＂for+段時(shí)間＂，＂since+過去時(shí)間/從句＂等時(shí)間狀語連用；而一般過去時(shí)則常與＂時(shí)間段+ago＂，justnow，yesterday，lastweek等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Shehaslivedheresincetwoyearsago.她兩年前就住在這里了。Shelivedheretwoyearsago.兩年前她住在這里。HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)三年了。Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫了封信。對(duì)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查，多以單選、句型轉(zhuǎn)換或詞語運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語境中靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)的能力。在考試中，會(huì)讓大家判斷是否該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，或者是考查＂瞬間動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用＂這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)。典例解析（2022·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考中考真題）在過去的幾年里，那個(gè)女孩兒取得了很大的進(jìn)步。

________________________.【答案】Thatgirlhasmadegreat/muchprogressinthepast/lastfewyears【詳解】根據(jù)題干可知，本句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（have/hasdone）。thatgirl“那個(gè)女孩”作主語，助動(dòng)詞用has；固定短語makegreat/muchprogressin“在某方面取得很大的進(jìn)步”，make的過去分詞為made；inthepast/lastfewyears“在過去的幾年里”。故填Thatgirlhasmadegreat/muchprogressinthepast/lastfewyears。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2022·河北·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Sorry,I________amistake.Letmecorrectit.A．willmake B．a(chǎn)mmaking C．wasmaking D．havemade2．（2022·北京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Jim_________alotaboutChineseculturesincehebegantostudyinourschool.A．learns B．learned C．willlearn D．haslearned3．（2022·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Congratulations!You________bigprogressinthelastthreeyears.—Thankyou,Mr.Li.I’llneverforgetthegoodtimesinJuniorHigh.A．make B．made C．havemade D．willmake4．（2022·四川遂寧·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Youdancesowell,Alice.—Thanks.I________ChinesedancesinceIwas5yearsold.A．learn B．learnt C．a(chǎn)mlearning D．havelearnt5．（2022·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Sincehewasalittleboy,he________inlovewithmusic.A．is B．was C．hasbeen D．hadbeen6．（2022·湖南懷化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）We_______eachothersinceIcametoChangsha,butweoftensendemails.A．haven’tseen B．didn’tsee C．don’tsee7．（2022·遼寧沈陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）TheArtofWarisgreatandI________itmanytimessofar.A．read B．haveread C．a(chǎn)mreading D．willread8．（2022·黑龍江牡丹江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Yourwatchissocool!Whendidyougetit?—Onmy12thbirthday.I________itfor3years.A．bought B．havehad C．havebought9．（2022·四川涼山·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Ihaven’tseenLiMingfordays.Why?—He________Beijing.Hewillebacknextmonth.A．hasbeento B．hasgoneto C．willgoto10．（2022·四川巴中·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—It’sreportedthatanewhighspeedrailwaywillbefinishedinrecentyearsinourhometown,Bazhong.—Yes.Greatchanges________sinceIworkedhere.A．willtakeplace B．weretakenplace C．havetakenplace D．tookplace11．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Mum,Iwanttowatchthenewsaboutourschool.Changethechannel,please!—Whatapity!Itiseighto'clocknow.It___________forawhile.A．hasbeenover B．wasover C．hasfinished D．finished12．（2022·云南·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）ThedocumentaryAerialChina《航拍中國》iswonderful.Sofar,I________itthreetimes.A．watched B．willwatch C．havewatched D．watch13．（2022·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）NeitherJimnorTom_______Australiabefore,buttheyknowthecountryverywell.A．hasgoneto B．hasbeento C．havegoneto D．havebeento14．（2022·天津·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）I________thisbikeforthreeyears.Ilikeitsomuch.A．bought B．had C．havebought D．havehad15．（2022·遼寧朝陽·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Whyareyouinsuchahurry?—Becausetheclass________for10minutes.A．hasbeenon B．hasbegun C．ison D．begins16．（2022·湖北武漢·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—WhereisBetty?ItalkedwithheraboutChinesestudytheotherday.—Don’tyouknow?She________toChinatostudyfurtherforthesecondtime.A．went B．hasbeen C．hasgone D．hadgone17．（2022·江蘇常州·統(tǒng)考一模）—Jim,turndownthemusic.Ourbabyissleeping.—Don’tworry.He__________forhalfanhour.A．wokeup B．haswokenup C．wasawake D．hasbeenawake18．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）LuXun________forovereightyyears,buthisworksstillhaveagreatinfluencetoday.A．died B．wasdying C．hasdied D．hasbeendead19．（2022·湖北黃石·黃石十四中?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）ThefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin（長津湖）________verypopularsinceitwasonshow.A．bee B．became C．willbee D．hasbee20．（2022·北京·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）I________thatmovieseveraltimes,andIstillwanttoseeitagain.A．see B．saw C．a(chǎn)mseeing D．haveseen二、完成句子21．（2022·遼寧·統(tǒng)考中考真題）志愿者們已經(jīng)來這兒將近一個(gè)月了。Thevolunteers__________fornearlyamonth.22．（2022·湖北·統(tǒng)考中考真題）火車晚點(diǎn)了，我們已經(jīng)在車站等候了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（wait）Thetrainislate.We________itatthestationsincetwohoursago.23．（2022·重慶·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）我已經(jīng)很久沒有收到他的來信。(完成譯句)Ihaven’t________________himforalongtime.24．（2022·新疆·統(tǒng)考二模）無現(xiàn)金支付已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活方式,它真的很方便。Cashlesspaymenthas________the________ofourlifeanditisreallyconvenient.25．（2022·江蘇·統(tǒng)考一模）在同意他進(jìn)校之前，我們有必要統(tǒng)計(jì)一下他曠了多久的課。It’snecessaryforustoworkout_________________________________________beforeheisallowedtoenterschool.三、單詞填空26．（2022·山東日照·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Mycarhasb__________down.Willyoupleasegivemearide?27．（2022·四川內(nèi)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）It’ssaidthatanewbridgewillbeb________inourcitynextyear.28．（2022·重慶·重慶南開中學(xué)?？家荒＃㎝ybestfriendAndyissuchatalentedboythathehasm________threeforei