滾動(dòng)軸承的公差與配合

第5章滾動(dòng)軸承的公差與配合Chapter5ThetolerancesandfitsofantifrictionbearingsGB/T4199-2003《滾動(dòng)軸承公差定義》《Antifrictionbearingstolerancedefinitions》GB/T6930-2002《滾動(dòng)軸承詞匯》

《Antifrictionbearingsvocabularies》GB/T307.4-2005《滾動(dòng)軸承推力軸承公差》《Antifrictionbearingsthrustbearingstolerance》GB/T307.1-2003《滾動(dòng)軸承向心軸承公差》《Antifrictionbearingsradialbearingstolerance》滾動(dòng)軸承的精度等級(jí)及應(yīng)用Theaccuracyclassesandapplicationsofantifrictionbearings滾動(dòng)軸承與軸和殼體孔的配合Thefitsthatantifrictionbearingsfitwithshaftsandshellholes分類Classify安裝形式Installationform滾動(dòng)軸承的公差等級(jí)及應(yīng)用Thetolerancegradesandapplicationsofantifrictionbearings滾動(dòng)軸承的內(nèi)、外徑公差帶的特點(diǎn)Thecharacteristicsofantifrictionbearings’inradiumandexternaldiametertolerancezone.⑴滾動(dòng)軸承的作用Thefunctionsofantifrictionbearings支承旋轉(zhuǎn)軸Bearrotationaxis減少軸與支承部件之間的摩擦力Reducethefrictionforcebetweenshaftandsupportingcomponent傳動(dòng)支承的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部件Standardizedcomponentswhichhavethefunctionsoftransferringmotionsandbearing.5.1概述Summary5.1概述Summary⑵特點(diǎn)Features

●滾動(dòng)軸承是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件Antifrictionbearingisakindofstandardcomponent

●有內(nèi)外兩種互換性Thereareinandouttwokindsofinterchangeability

●滾動(dòng)軸承的精度要求很高Therequiredprecisionsofantifrictionbearingsareveryhigh.5.1概述Summary⑶滾動(dòng)軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)Thestructuresofantifrictionbearings

內(nèi)圈Innerring保持架Holder滾動(dòng)體Rollingelement外圈Outerring5.1概述

Summary⑷安裝形式Installationforms外圈與箱體上軸承座配合.內(nèi)圈與旋轉(zhuǎn)軸頸配合

Housingwasherfitswiththebearingblockwhichisonthecabinet.Innerringfitswiththejournaloftherotationaxis.

通常為過渡配合Itusuallytobetransitionfit考慮到運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中軸會(huì)受熱變形延伸，一端軸承應(yīng)能夠作軸向調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)節(jié)好后應(yīng)軸向鎖緊。Consideringthatshaftwillbeheatedsobecomingdeformedandextendedinmotorprocess.Sooneendbearingshouldbeadjustableonaxialdirection.Afterbeingadjusteditshouldbelockedonaxialdirection.5.1概述

Summary前置代號(hào)Prefixcode基本代號(hào)Basiccode后置代號(hào)Postcode字母letters

字母和數(shù)字

字母和數(shù)字lettersandfigures內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)改變Innerstructurechanges密封、防塵與外部形狀改變Seal,dustpreventionandthechangeoftheexternalshape保持架結(jié)構(gòu)、材料改變Thechangesoftheholderstructuresandmaterials公差等級(jí)和游隙Tolerancegradesandwindages其它Others×××××類寬直內(nèi)型度徑徑代系系代號(hào)列列號(hào)代代號(hào)號(hào)

深溝球軸承6200d=10mmDeepgrooveballbearing62005.1概述

Summary后置代號(hào)Postcode

12345678內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)Innerstructure密封與防塵套圈變形Thedistortionsofsealsanddustproofrings保持架及材料Holdersandmaterials軸承材料Bearingmaterials公差等級(jí)Tolerancegrades游隙Clearance配置Equipments其它Others5.1概述

Summary5.2公差等級(jí)TolerancegradesGB/T307.1-2005《滾動(dòng)軸承向心軸承公差》《AntifrictionbearingRadialbearingTolerance》

GB/T307.4-2002《滾動(dòng)軸承推力軸承公差》《AntifrictionbearingThrustbearingTolerance》基本尺寸公差旋轉(zhuǎn)精度BasicsizetoleranceRotationalaccuracy公差等級(jí)Tolerancegrades軸承內(nèi)外圈的徑向跳動(dòng)公差Theradicalrun-outtoleranceofbearing’sinnerandouterring.軸承內(nèi)、外圈的端面對(duì)內(nèi)孔軸線的跳動(dòng)公差等Therun-outtolerancethattheendfacesofbearings’innerandouterringsfacetoinnerhole’saxis.公差等級(jí)分為五級(jí)：Tolerancegradesaredividedintofiveclasses標(biāo)注例：6200

/p6Labelcase

2、4、5、6(6x)、0最精密級(jí)Mostprecisionclass中等精度等級(jí)Middleaccuracyclass普通級(jí)Normalclass超精密級(jí)Ultraprecisionclass精密級(jí)Precisionclass凡屬普通級(jí)的軸承，一般在軸承型號(hào)上不標(biāo)注公差等級(jí)代號(hào)Foreachordinarylassbearing.Thetoleranceclassgradeiscommonlynotlabeledonbearingtype.

應(yīng)用時(shí)主要考慮以下幾點(diǎn)：Thefollowingseveralpointsshouldbemainlyconsideredwhenapplying機(jī)器功能對(duì)軸承部件的旋轉(zhuǎn)精度要求Machinefunctionrequirementsforbearingparts’rotationalaccuracy.0級(jí)：用于旋轉(zhuǎn)精度要求不高的一般機(jī)構(gòu)中。0class:Itisusedinthecommonmechanismsofwhichrotationalaccuracyrequirementsarenotveryhigh.6級(jí)、5級(jí)、4級(jí)：用于旋轉(zhuǎn)精度要求較高或轉(zhuǎn)速較高的機(jī)構(gòu)中。6class,5classand4class:Itisusedinthemechanismsofwhichrotationalaccuracyrequirementsarerelativelyhighorrotationratesarerelativelyhigh2級(jí)：用于高精度、高轉(zhuǎn)速的特別精密部件上。2class:Itisusedonspecialprecisepartswithhighaccuracyandhighrotation.轉(zhuǎn)速rotationrate轉(zhuǎn)速高Highratationrate→旋轉(zhuǎn)軸或孔的跳動(dòng)Therun-outofrotationaxisorhole振動(dòng)和噪音Vibrationandnoise

選用精度高的軸承Selectandusethebearingswithhighprecisionaccuracies公差等級(jí)Toleranceclasses應(yīng)用范圍Appliedranges0通常稱為普通級(jí)，應(yīng)用最廣，用于對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)精度運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)性要求不高的一般旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)中。Itisusuallycalleduniversalclassandmostwidelyapplied.Itisusedincommonrotarymechanismsofwhichrotationprecisionrunningstabilityrequirementsarenothigh65應(yīng)用在旋轉(zhuǎn)精度和運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)性要求較高或轉(zhuǎn)速較高的旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)中，其中6級(jí)、5級(jí)軸承多用于比較精密的機(jī)床和機(jī)器中。Theyareusuallyusedintherotarymechanismswithhigherrequirementsonrotationaccuracyandoperationalstabilityorhigherrotationrates.5and6classesbearingsarechieflyusedinhigheraccuratemachinetoolsormachines.424級(jí)軸承多用于轉(zhuǎn)速很高或旋轉(zhuǎn)精度要求很高的機(jī)床和機(jī)器的旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)中。2級(jí)軸承應(yīng)用在精密機(jī)械的旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)中。4classbearingsarechieflyusedinthemachinetoolsandmachines’rotatingmechanismswithhighrotationratesorhighrotaryprecisionrequirements.2classbearingsareappliedinprecisionmechanisms’rotatingmechanisms.⑴公差帶特點(diǎn):上偏差為0，下偏差為負(fù)值Thefeaturesoftolerancezones:Theupperdeviationis0andlowerdeviationisnegativevalue06（6x）54206（6x）

542+0-+0-Dd軸承外徑公差帶Thetolerancezonesofbearingexternaldiameters軸承內(nèi)徑公差帶Thetolerancezonesofbearinginternaldiameters

⑵滾動(dòng)軸承配合制:與外圈相配合：基軸制與內(nèi)圈相配合：基孔制Thefitsystemsofantifrictionbearings:Fitwithouterring:BasicshaftsystemFitwithouterring:Basicboresystem5.3滾動(dòng)軸承的內(nèi)、外徑公差帶的特點(diǎn)Thefeaturesofinternalandexternaldiameterstolerancesinantifrictionbearings

公差等級(jí)06542基本尺寸/mm極限偏差/μm大于到上偏差下偏差上偏差下偏差上偏差下偏差上偏差下偏差上偏差下偏差內(nèi)圈Δdm18300－100－80－60－50－2.530500－120－100－80－60－2.5外圈ΔDm50800－130－110－90－70－4801200－150－130－100－80－5部分向心軸承Δdm和ΔDm的極限值ThelimitvaluesofpartialradialbearingΔdmandΔDm例：已知軸承的基本尺寸如圖所示。根據(jù)實(shí)際工況采用6級(jí)向心軸承，試畫出軸承孔軸公差帶。Examples:Itisknownthatthebearings’basicsizesareasshowninthefigure.

Adopting

6classradialbearingsaccordingtoactualworkingconditionsandtrytodrawbearing’sholeandshafttolerancezones.

+0-+0-φ90φ50es=0ES=0ei=-13EI=-10

⑶軸承公差帶標(biāo)注Thelabelingofbearingtolerancezones外殼孔Outer

shell

holes

旋轉(zhuǎn)軸頸Pivotjournal5.4滾動(dòng)軸承與軸和殼體孔的配合Thefitsthatantifrictionbearingsfitwithshaftsandshellholes1.軸頸和外殼孔的公差帶The

tolerance

zones

that

axlejournals

fit

outer

shell

holes

2.滾動(dòng)軸承配合的選擇The

selections

of

antifrictionbearings’

fits軸頸和外殼孔的公差帶The

tolerance

zones

of

axlejournals

and

outer

shell

holes

GB/T307.1-2005《滾動(dòng)軸承向心軸承公差》《Antifrictionbearing

Radialbearing

Tolerance》GB/T1801-1999《極限與配合公差帶和配合的選擇》

《limit

and

fit

The

selection

of

tolerance

zone

and

fit》r6m5m6j6js5k5js6h5h6h8h7g6g5d內(nèi)圈公差帶Inner

ring

tolerance

zonek6n6p60+-j5⑴軸承內(nèi)圈與軸配合的常用公差帶關(guān)系The

common

tolerance

zones’

relationships

that

bearing’s

inner

ring

fits

with

shaft

過渡配合→過盈配合k5k6m5m6

Transitionfit→Interferencefit間隙配合→過渡配合g5g6h5h6Clearancefit→Transitionfit

軸Shaft+0-eseiabccddeefffgghjjskmnprstuvxyzzazbzc基本尺寸

Basic

sizeM6K7M7N6N7P6P7K6J6J7JS6JS7H6H7H8G7外圈公差帶Outer

ring

tolerance

zone0+-D⑵軸承外圈與外殼孔配合常用公差帶關(guān)系Commontolerancezone

relationships

that

bearings’

outer

rings

fit

with

outer

shell

holes

配合性質(zhì)基本一致，公差值較小，配合也稍緊。Fit

properties

are

basically

concordant.Tolerance

values

are

smaller

and

fits

are

abit

tight.

孔Hole基本尺寸

+0-EIESABCCDDEEFFFGGHJJSKMNPRSTUVXYZZAZBZCBasic

size2.滾動(dòng)軸承配合的選擇The

selection

of

antifrictionbearing’s

fit

保證機(jī)器正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，提高軸承壽命，充分發(fā)揮軸承的承載能力。 To

ensure

machine’snormalrunning.Improving

bearing’s

lifetime

and

fullyexerting

bearing’s

carryingcapacity.任務(wù)：確定軸頸與外殼孔的基本偏差代號(hào)Task:Ascertain

the

basic

deviation

codes

of

axlejournals

and

outer

shellholes

選擇軸承配合性質(zhì)依據(jù)負(fù)荷類型徑向游隙其他因素負(fù)荷大小靜止載荷：配合應(yīng)稍松一些Staticload:The

fit

should

be

slightly

looser

循環(huán)載荷：配合應(yīng)稍緊一些Cyclicload:Thefitshouldbeslightlytighter擺動(dòng)載荷：配合應(yīng)稍緊一些或略松Oscillatingload:Thefitshouldbeslightlylooser

or

tighter負(fù)荷越大，過盈量應(yīng)越大The

bigger

theload

is

the

much

interference

amount

there

should

beThebases

of

selecting

bearings’

coordinationpropertiesLoad

typeLoadsizeRadialclearanceOther

factors公差等級(jí)的協(xié)調(diào)：The

coordination

of

toleranceclass:一般與軸承配合時(shí)：Commonly

fit

with

bearings:

P0→軸IT6箱體孔IT7P0→Shaft

IT6

Box

hole

IT7

P6→軸IT5箱體孔IT6P6→Shaft

IT5

Box

hole

IT6軸承的安裝與拆卸The

installations

and

disassembly

of

bearings.

為了保證軸承的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，除了正確地選擇軸承與軸頸及箱體孔的公差等級(jí)及配合外，還應(yīng)對(duì)軸頸和箱體孔的形位公差及表面粗糙度提出要求。In

order

to

ensure

the

bearings’

normal

revolving.Besides

choosing

bearings,axlejournals

and

the

tolerance

classes