2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit5WorkingtheLand話題五農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展課時(shí)作業(yè)含解析新人教版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

PAGE話題五農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展Ⅰ.閱讀ABigchangesinagriculturearetakingplaceinSingapore.Thesmall,SoutheastAsiannationisleadingafarmingrevolution,accordingtotheReutersnewsagency.Singaporecoversaround720squarekilometersoflandandonlyonepercentofthatlandareaisusedforagriculture.FoodproductioncostsarehighertherethantherestofSoutheastAsia.Asclimatechangeandpopulationgrowththreatenfoodsupplies,thepressureonnewfarmersistoanswerthegovernment'scallto“growmorewithless”．“WheneverItalkaboutfoodsecurityinSingapore,Itellpeoplenottothinkaboutland—thinkaboutspace,becauseyoucangoupwardsandsideways，”saidPaulTeng,anagricultureprofessoratNanyangTechnologicalUniversity.Therearemorethan30vertical(垂直的)farmsinSingapore—onesthatgrowup,notacross,theland.SustenirAgricultureisoneofthesebusinesses.Itshydroponic(無(wú)土栽培的)farmgrowsnon-nativefoodslikecherrytomatoesandstrawberriesinsidebuildingsunderartificiallighting.Thenitsellstheproducetolocalsupermarketsandonlinestores.Sustenirraised$16millionfrominvestors(投資者)lastyear.ThemoneywillbeusedtoexpandoperationsinSingapore.However,noteveryonethinksthenewtechnologyisbest.EggfarmerWilliamHosaysthegovernmentshouldnotdependsomuchonagriculturetechnologybusinesses.“Manyofthemhavefailed.That'swhyI'malwaysaskingthegovernmentwhyitdoesn'tinvestinusold-timers.Wearemorepractical，”hesaid.ProfessorPaulTengsaidanissueforurbanfarmersisthatthehighcostofthetechnologymakestheirproductstoopriceyformanypeople.1．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?A．Highfoodproductioncosts.B．Reasonsforchangesinagriculture.C．Agriculturaltechnologybusinesses.D．Saleexpansionoffoodmarkets.2．WhichisthewaytoachievefoodsecurityaccordingtoPaulTeng?A．Exploringmorespace.B．Buyingmorefood.C．Enlargingfarmland.D．Investingmoremoney.3．Whatdoweknowabouttheold-timers?A．Theyworkonhigh-techfarms.B．Theybenefitfrompriceyproducts.C．Theyreduceproductioncosts.D．Theyneedthegovernment'ssupport.4．Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Aguidebook.B．Abrochure.C．Anewspaper.D．Ajournal.BFoodblogs,celebrities,andnutritionistsalladvocatethebenefitsofeatingorganic(有機(jī)的)fruitandvegetables.ButanewstudypublishedinScienceAdvancespaintsamorecomplexpicture.Whileorganicproduceislikelyslightlyhealthiertoeatand,insomeways,moresustainabletogrow,therearealsodownsides.Organicfruitandvegetablestypicallycostmorethanconventionalones.Togetacertificateasorganic,farmersmustmeetspecificcriteria,includinggrowingproducewithouttheuseofgeneticengineeringandchemicalinputs.Withoutthesemethods,thegrowingprocesstypicallyrequiresmorelabour,time,andmoney,thecoststhatarepassedontoconsumers.It'struethatinmanyways,organicfarmingismoresustainablethanconventionalfarming.Butwhenitcomestoenvironmentalconcernssuchasgreenhousegasemissionandwaterloss,thecomparisongetscomplex.Organicfarmsproducefewergreenhousegasesperacre.However,becausetheyarebarredfromusinggeneticengineering,pesticides(殺蟲劑),andothermethodsthatincreaseefficiency(效率),organicfarmsalsoproduceanestimated19%to25%lessyieldthanconventionalfarms.Whilethereisn'tawholelotofresearchonthetopic,thefewstudiesthatdoexistsuggestgreenhousegasoutputandwaterlossmightactuallybehigheronorganicfarms,onaperunitbasis,saysthestudyauthorVerenaSeufert.Inaddition,whileorganicproduceislikelymorenutritiousthanconventionalfruitandvegetables,there'snotalotofevidencetosupporttheclaimthattheseoftenslightdifferencesinfluenceconsumerhealth.Thesameistrueforthepesticideremainder.Indevelopedcountries,wherepesticideuseistightlyregulated,there'snoscientificconsensus(共識(shí))onhowtheseoftenslightdifferencesinfluencehumanhealth.Still,Seufertstressesthatifyoucanaffordtoeatorganicproduce,youshoulddoso.Organicfarmsprovidesaferworkenvironmentsforworkers,plustheysupportgreatbiodiversity(生物多樣性).Therealpointfromherstudyisnotthatorganicproduceisbadbutthatthepracticeneedsmorestudiestoincreasetheyieldwithoutloweringsustainability.Butifyoucan'taffordtobuyorganicproduce,don'tstresstoomuch,particularlyfromanutritionalperspective.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downsides”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A．Dangers.B．Drawbacks.C．Benefits.D．Differences.6．Whichkeyfactormakesitcomplicatedtocompareorganicfarmingwithconventionalfarmingwhenitcomestoenvironmentalconcerns?A．Theyield.B．Theprice.C．Thewaterloss.D．Thelabour.7．Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A．Farmers'workenvironmentshouldbeimproved.B．Organicproduceshouldbemademoreefficiently.C．Itisn'twiseforconsumerstobuyorganicproducts.D．Thepesticideremainderdoesnoharmtopeople'shealth.CHaveyoueverheardofagritourismwhereyoucanexperiencethefarmlife?Ifnot,Dr.CindyAyers-ElliottwilltellyoutherealstoryofFootPrintFarms.TheoriginalconceptofbuildingFootPrintFarmswassimple.WhenAyers-Elliottreturnedtoherhometownaftergraduation,shedidn'thavetolookanyfurtherthanherstate'salarminghealthstatisticstofindamission.Everywheresheturned,therewerereportsofhighbloodpressure,diabetes,obesityandheartdisease.“Theproblemwasalreadyidentified，”explainsAyers-Elliott.“ToomanyMississippianswereseriouslyunhealthyanditdidn'ttakeresearchtoseethat.Andmanyofthestate'sgreatesthealthchallengescoulddirectlyresultfrompoordiet.”Thesedays,FootPrintFarms,whichstartedwithafewraisedbedsofherbsandvegetables,ismakingfresh,naturallygrownfood.“Whenspeakingofthekeytomysuccess,theco-opmodelworksbecausewesharetheworkandrewards，”notesAyers-Elliott“AperfectexampleistheWingfieldHighSchoolfootballteam.Toearnthemoneyforequipmentandotheritems,playerscommittedtoworkingfivehoursaweekonthefarm,andbytheendofthesummertheyproduced1,000melonsandtheprofitsfromtheirsaleshelpedtobuyweights,T-shirts,sweatsuitsandpregamemeals.Butthelessonstheylearnedabouttherewardsofhardworkandworkingtogethertoaccomplishsomethingwereevenmorevaluableproductsoftheirefforts.”“It'samodelthatcaneasilybelearnedinotherplacesandI'mlookingforwardtoseeingsomeofourcurrentpartnersdojustthat—totakewhattheyhavelearnedhereandspinitoffinothercommunities.”Ayers-Elliottremarks.Sheisnowlookingforwardtodevelopinganagritourismareatothefarm,wherevisitorscanexperiencethefarmlife,learnnewskillsandtakewiththemseedsofinspirationtheycansowintheirowncommunitieswhentheyreturnhome.8．WhatmadeAyers-ElliottsetupFootPrintFarms?A．Theproblemsfacedbylocalfarmers.B．Herfurtherresearchintoheartdisease.C．Thefailureofhercareeraftergraduation.D．Thehealthstateofpeopleinherhometown.9．Whydoestheauthortakethefootballteamasanexample?A．Toadvocatetheconceptofindependence.B．Tostresstheimportanceofteamwork.C．Tosupporttheideaofco-opmodel.D．Toexplorethekeytosuccess.10．WhatisAyers-Elliott'sattitudetowardsthefutureofFootPrintFarms?A．Optimistic.B．Skeptical.C．Cautious.D．Ambiguous.11．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Naturallygrownfoodbenefitspeople'shealth.B．FoodPrintFarmsismakingadifferenceinMississippi.C．Ayers-Elliottencouragespeopletoexperiencethefarmlife.D．AgritourismisbecomingincreasinglypopularinAmerica.Ⅱ.七選五Agardenthat'sjustrightforyouHaveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou,wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum(總和)ofitsparts?__1__.Butitdoesn'thappenbyaccident.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.·__2__Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).__3__.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.·Recall(回憶)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhat'simportant.__4__—howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou'dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.__5__.Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.A．KnowwhyyougardenB．FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenC．It'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD．It'sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersE．StillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplantsF．Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,tooG．Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave話題五農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展Ⅰ.閱讀A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要介紹了新加坡建設(shè)空中農(nóng)場(chǎng)以解決國(guó)內(nèi)食品供應(yīng)短缺問(wèn)題的狀況。1．答案與解析：B考查段落大意。依據(jù)其次段內(nèi)容可知，新加坡用于農(nóng)業(yè)的耕地面積少、食品生產(chǎn)成本高，而氣候改變和人口增長(zhǎng)對(duì)其糧食供應(yīng)構(gòu)成了威逼，再結(jié)合上文中的“BigchangesinagriculturearetakingplaceinSingapore.”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了新加坡農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)生變革的緣由，故選B。2．答案與解析：A考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第三段中的“WheneverItalkaboutfoodsecurityinSingapore,Itellpeoplenottothinkaboutland—thinkaboutspace,becauseyoucangoupwardsandsideways”可知，PaulTeng認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食保障的途徑是向上或向側(cè)面開(kāi)發(fā)空間，故A項(xiàng)符合文意。3．答案與解析：D考查推理推斷。依據(jù)最終一段中的“I'malwaysaskingthegovernmentwhyitdoesn'tinvestinusold-timers”可知，禽蛋養(yǎng)殖戶WilliamHo問(wèn)政府為什么不在他們這些傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)戶身上投資，言外之意是他們這些傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)戶須要政府的支持，故選D。4．答案與解析：C考查推理推斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要報(bào)道了新加坡建設(shè)空中農(nóng)場(chǎng)以解決國(guó)內(nèi)食品供應(yīng)短缺問(wèn)題的事情，屬于新聞范疇，因此文章最有可能出自報(bào)紙，故選C。B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的一些狀況，體現(xiàn)了學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)中的“環(huán)保意識(shí)、健康飲食意識(shí)”的文化品行。5．答案與解析：B詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“Whileorganicproduceislikelyslightlyhealthiertoeatand,insomeways,moresustainabletogrow,therearealsodownsides.”可知，雖然有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品可能略微健康些，但在某些方面，也有其缺點(diǎn)。再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和下文陳述的有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的缺點(diǎn)可以推斷，畫線詞應(yīng)指有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品不好的一面，B項(xiàng)意為“缺點(diǎn)”，故B項(xiàng)正確。6．答案與解析：A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“complicatedtocompare”定位至第三段其次句“Butwhenitcomestoenvironmentalconcernssuchasgreenhousegasemissionandwaterloss,thecomparisongetscomplex.”，由此可知，當(dāng)涉及諸如溫室氣體排放和水資源損失等環(huán)境問(wèn)題時(shí)，比較傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)和有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)就變得困難了；依據(jù)第三段其他內(nèi)容可知，雖然有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)與傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)相比更具可持續(xù)性，但因?yàn)椴荒苓\(yùn)用基因工程技術(shù)、殺蟲劑及其他提高效率的方法，有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的產(chǎn)量相對(duì)低，假如有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)想要和傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)有一樣高的產(chǎn)量，其對(duì)環(huán)境的影響就會(huì)更大，故產(chǎn)量是使得兩者之間的比較變得困難的重要因素。A項(xiàng)意為“產(chǎn)量”，故A項(xiàng)正確。7．答案與解析：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段第四句可知，由于禁止運(yùn)用基因工程技術(shù)和殺蟲劑等方法，有機(jī)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)量估計(jì)會(huì)比傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)量低19%至25%。據(jù)此可以推斷，應(yīng)當(dāng)提高有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率，故B項(xiàng)正確。第五段的最終一句亦是提示。C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)旅游基地FootPrintFarms建立的緣由及其發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。8．答案與解析：D