北京市房山區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷 含解析

房山區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末檢測試卷高二英語本試卷共10頁，共100分。時長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回，試卷自行保存。第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié),30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplemakethemselvesintowinnersbytheirownefforts.Manyyearsago,Itookthehead___1___jobataschoolinBaxley,Georgia.Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.Itwasatraditionfortheschool’soldteamto___2___againstthenewteamattheendofspringpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn’tevenprepareforthegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingto___3___,buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.Thinkinghardaboutthisbadsituation,Icametorealizethatmyteammemberswere___4___me.Ihadtochangemyattitudeabouttheirabilityandpotential.Istartedhelpingthembuildalittle___5___.Mostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthemlikewinners.Thatsummer,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheirvacations,wemeteverydayand___6___passingandkickingthefootball.Sixmonthsaftersufferingourdefeatonthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecond,andcontinuedto___7___.Finally,myboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeasuddenfeelingofgreat___8___!FromtheexperienceIlearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercanaffectthemembersofateam.Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand___9___them.Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves____10____,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.1.A.operating B.editing C.consulting D.coaching2A.play B.guard C.protect D.inform3.A.fight B.attend C.win D.act4.A.reactingto B.lookingfor C.dependingon D.caringabout5.A.pride B.culture C.fortune D.relationship6.A.risked B.missed C.considered D.practised7.A.relax B.improve C.expand D.defend8.A.sadness B.excitement C.curiosity D.fear9.A.encouraged B.observed C.tested D.impressed10.A.honestly B.individually C.calmly D.differently【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.C5.A6.D7.B8.B9.A10.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講了作者在一所足球項目很弱的學(xué)校擔(dān)任教練，一開始遭遇了失敗，后來通過改變對隊員的態(tài)度，不斷鼓勵隊員，最終取得了成功。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：許多年前，我在喬治亞州巴克斯利的一所學(xué)校擔(dān)任主教練。A.operating操作；B.editing編輯；C.consulting咨詢；D.coaching教練。根據(jù)下文“Beingthecoachofthenewteam,”可知，作者在學(xué)校擔(dān)任的是教練。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)校的老隊在春季訓(xùn)練結(jié)束時與新隊比賽是一項傳統(tǒng)。A.play玩；比賽；B.guard守衛(wèi)；C.protect保護；D.inform通知。根據(jù)“Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingto___3___,”可知，此處表示學(xué)校新老球隊舉行傳統(tǒng)的比賽對抗。故選A。【3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：作為新球隊的教練，我很興奮，因為我知道我們會贏，但令我失望的是，我們被擊敗了。A.fight打架；B.attend參加；C.win贏；D.act行動。根據(jù)“buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.”可知，作者以為所帶的新球隊會贏。故選C。【4題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：仔細思考這種糟糕的情況，我開始意識到我的團隊成員都依賴我。A.reactingto對……作出反應(yīng)；B.lookingfor尋找；C.dependingon依靠；D.caringabout關(guān)心。根據(jù)“Ihadtochangemyattitudeabouttheirabilityandpotential.”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)隊員們對他很依賴。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我開始幫助他們建立自豪感。A.pride自豪；B.culture文化；C.fortune財富；D.relationship關(guān)系。根據(jù)“Mostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthemlikewinners.”可知，作者要幫助隊員們建立自豪感。故選A。【6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：那年夏天，當(dāng)其他球隊都在度假時，我們每天都見面，練習(xí)傳球和踢球。A.risked冒險；B.missed錯過；C.considered考慮；D.practised練習(xí)。根據(jù)“passingandkickingthefootball.”可知，作者帶領(lǐng)球員利用假期練習(xí)傳球和踢球。故選D。7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在春季訓(xùn)練場上遭受失敗的六個月后，我們贏得了第一場比賽和第二場比賽，并繼續(xù)提高。A.relax放松；B.improve提高；C.expand擴張；D.defend防御。根據(jù)“Finally,myboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeasuddenfeelingofgreat___8___!”可知，作者所帶領(lǐng)的球隊在不斷地提高。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，我的孩子們打敗了喬治亞州最好的球隊，這讓我突然感到非常興奮！A.sadness悲傷；B.excitement興奮；C.curiosity好奇心；D.fear害怕。根據(jù)“Finally,myboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,”可知，打敗了喬治亞州最好的球隊，作者很興奮。故選B。【9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒有把我的孩子們看作失敗者，而是督促和鼓勵他們。A.encouraged鼓勵；B.observed觀察；C.tested測試；D.impressed使印象深刻。根據(jù)“Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,”可知，作者沒有把隊員們視為失敗者，而是鼓勵他們。故選A。【10題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我?guī)椭麄円圆煌姆绞娇创约?，他們把自己打造成了贏家。A.honestly誠實地；B.individually個別地；C.calmly冷靜地；D.differently不同地。根據(jù)“Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand___9___them.”可知，作者鼓勵隊員們，幫助他們以不同的方式看待自己。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。A閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。FlorentijnHofmanisaDutchartist,whoselargesculpturesareondisplayallovertheworld.Onewayforhimtofindinspirationisturningtohischildren’s___11___(toy).Theseobjectshavegivenhimideasforhisanimalsculptures,suchasthefamousRubberDuckcreatedbyhim___12___2007.AmorerecentworkofhisisthehugeFloatingFish,___13___wassetamongthebeautifullandscapeofWuzhenWestScenicZone.【答案】11.toys12.in13.which【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了荷蘭藝術(shù)家FlorentijnHofman從孩子的玩具中獲得靈感，并創(chuàng)作了許多大型雕塑，其中包括著名的橡皮鴨和巨大的漂浮魚?！?1題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：他從孩子們的玩具中尋找靈感。空格處前有形容詞性物主代詞his，空格處應(yīng)用名詞形式；且根據(jù)空格前的are可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填toys?！?2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這些物品給了他創(chuàng)作動物雕塑的靈感，比如他在2007年創(chuàng)作的著名的橡皮鴨。表示“在某一年”應(yīng)用介詞in。故填in?！?3題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他最近的一幅作品是巨幅的《浮魚》，這幅畫是在烏鎮(zhèn)西風(fēng)景區(qū)的美景中創(chuàng)作的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是thehugefloatingFish，指物，且在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。B閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。DuringDarwin’stime,peoplebelievedthatallspecies___14___(appear)onEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.___15___Darwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedto___16___(they)changingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea.Butitwasenough___17___(inspire)Darwintolookformoreevidence.【答案】14.hadappeared15.But##Yet16.their17.toinspire【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了達爾文時代，人們認為物種同時出現(xiàn)且不變，達爾文觀點不同，他認為動物為適應(yīng)環(huán)境而進化，這激勵他尋找更多證據(jù)。【14題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：在達爾文那個時代，人們認為所有的物種都是同時出現(xiàn)在地球上的，而且從那以后就沒有變化過。分析句子可知，動詞appear發(fā)生在過去動作believed之前，表示過去的過去，所以用過去完成時。故填hadappeared?！?5題詳解】考查連詞。句意：但是達爾文開始有不同的想法。根據(jù)前文DuringDarwin’stime,peoplebelievedthatallspecies___1___onEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.”和后文“Darwinbegantothinkdifferently.”可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填But/Yet。【16題詳解】考查代詞。句意：也許動物在適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境時進化了？分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞environments。故填their?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但這足以激勵達爾文尋找更多的證據(jù)。“enoughtodosth”為固定搭配，意為“足夠做某事”。故填toinspire。C閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。___18___(sit)backinmyseat,Ican’tquitebelievethatI’mabouttotravelalongtherailwaythatmanyforeignexpertsclaimedwas“impossible”.Thetrain___19___(race)alongsteadilysinceitleftXining.Allthistime,thesong“SkyRailway”hasbeenplayinginsidemyhead.Thewords“railwayslikemassivedragonsarewindingamongthemountains”seem___20___(particular)vividasItravelacrossthe“roofoftheworld”.【答案】18.Sitting19.hasbeenracing##hasraced20.particularly【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者坐在火車上，穿越“世界屋脊”，心情很激動?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：坐在座位上，我簡直不敢相信我即將沿著許多外國專家聲稱“不可能”的鐵路旅行。分析句子可知，這里為非謂語動詞在句中作狀語，動詞sit和主語I之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填Sitting?！?9題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：自從離開西寧以來，火車一直穩(wěn)定地飛馳著。根據(jù)“sinceitleftXining”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時；也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示動作從過去某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能還要繼續(xù)下去。主語Thetrain是第三人稱單數(shù)，助動詞用has。故填hasbeenracing/hasraced?！?0題詳解】考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)我穿越“世界屋脊”時，“鐵路像巨龍一樣在山間蜿蜒”這句話顯得格外生動。修飾形容詞vivid，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填particularly。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分,共28分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ADuetoitsstatusasthelongest-runningcapitalinancientChina,Xi’anhashadadeepimpactonthelifeandcultureofthecountry.IfyouareplanningatourofXi’an,you’llwanttohitallthefollowinghighlights.TerracottaArmyDiscoverednearLintong,Xi’an,thearmyofTerracottaWarriorswasconstructedbyChina’sFirstEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty.Itisacollectionofthousandsoflife-sizeterracottasoldiers,horsesandchariotsinbattleformation,showingtheemperor’sarmiesinfullsplendor.Xi’anCityWallXi’anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturybyZhuYuanzhang,thefirstEmperoroftheMingDynastyasamilitarydefensesystem.Nowitisoneoftheoldestandbest-preservedChinesecitywalls.Thewallisnowalandmark,dividingthecityintoinnerandouterareas.Whenyoutakeawalkorcycleonthemassivewall,youcanenjoyagoodviewofthecity,themoatandthewatchtowers.GiantWildGoosePagodaTheGiantWildGoosePagodawasbuiltintheTangDynastyforthestudyofBuddhistscriptures.OneofthemainfunctionsofthepagodawastostoresutrasandfigurinesbroughttoChinafromIndiabythefamousmonkandtravelerXuanZang,whostayedherefor19yearstranslatingBuddhistscriptures.ShaanxiHistoryMuseumTheShaanxiHistoryMuseumishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxiovertheyears.Itscollectionsrangefrombronzewarestopotteryfigures,goldandsilverwaresandmuralpaintingsfromtheTangDynastytombs.Amongitspreciouscollections,18pieceshavebeenlistedasnationaltreasures.21.WhatwillyouseewhenyouvisitTerracottaArmy?A.Terracottasoldiersandhorses. B.BookstranslatedbyXuanZang.C.AgoodviewofXi’an. D.Terracottapotsforplants.22.Whichattractionwillyouchooseifyouareinterestedinnationaltreasures?A.GiantWildGoosePagoda. B.ShaanxiHistoryMuseum.C.TerracottaArmy. D.Xi’anCityWall.23.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Atravelguidebook. B.Asciencemagazine. C.Aresearchpaper. D.Anewsreport.【答案】21.A22.B23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了西安的四個主要景點：秦始皇兵馬俑、西安城墻、大雁塔和陜西歷史博物館。這些景點都是中國歷史和文化的重要組成部分，展示了西安作為中國古代首都的悠久歷史和豐富文化?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“DiscoverednearLintong,Xi’an,thearmyofTerracottaWarriorswasconstructedbyChina’sFirstEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty.Itisacollectionofthousandsoflife-sizeterracottasoldiers,horsesandchariotsinbattleformation,showingtheemperor’sarmiesinfullsplendor.(兵馬俑是在西安臨潼附近發(fā)現(xiàn)的，由中國的秦始皇建造。它匯集了數(shù)千個真人大小的陶俑士兵、戰(zhàn)馬和戰(zhàn)車，展示了皇帝軍隊的輝煌。)”可知，在參觀秦始皇兵馬俑時，我們會看到兵馬俑。故選A?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“TheShaanxiHistoryMuseumishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxiovertheyears.Itscollectionsrangefrombronzewarestopotteryfigures,goldandsilverwaresandmuralpaintingsfromtheTangDynastytombs.Amongitspreciouscollections,18pieceshavebeenlistedasnationaltreasures.(陜西歷史博物館收藏了陜西多年來出土的37萬多件珍貴文物。其藏品包括青銅器、陶俑、金銀器以及唐代墓葬壁畫。在這些珍貴藏品中，有18件被列為國家級文物。)”可知，如果對國家文物感興趣，可以去參觀陜西歷史博物館。故選B。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Duetoitsstatusasthelongest-runningcapitalinancientChina,Xi’anhashadadeepimpactonthelifeandcultureofthecountry.IfyouareplanningatourofXi’an,you’llwanttohitallthefollowinghighlights.(西安作為中國古代歷史最悠久的都城，對中國的生活和文化產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。如果你正在計劃西安之旅，你會想達到以下所有的亮點。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了西安的景點，這是旅行指南常涉及的內(nèi)容。故選A。BAboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizard(蜥蜴)wasgrowingdusty.Itworriedme.Ireportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthelizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizardemergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.Ididn’tthinkaboutitmuchuntilamorninglastweekwhenIknockedmyfavoriteteapotoffthetable.Itburstintohundredsofpieces.AsIsweptupthemess,Iwonderedwhywehadbeenbreakingsomanythingsoverthemonths.Thedamagestartedthreemonthsago.Itwasmyhusband’sbirthday.Hehadjustlosthisjob.Theuncertaintywasstartingtowearonus,soIwantedtodosomethingspecial.“Let’smakeacakeforDad!”Icried.Mykidsscreamedwithjoy.Webaked,icedandsprinkledformostoftheday.Candlesonthecake!Balloonsonthewalls!Flowersonthetable!Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfellandcrashedbesidethecake.Tinypiecesofglasswereeverywhere.ShesobbedloudlyasIthrewthecakeaway.Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthday.Threedaysago,thelightinourlivingroomsuddenlywentout.Afterseveralfrustratinghoursofunsuccessfulattemptstofixit,myhusbandsuggestedwatchingtheMichaelJordandocumentary(紀錄片)seriesTheLastDance.Thepoignancy(酸楚)ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhimleavingbehindwhatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.Humansdonotshedskinaseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchangeisupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweareready.Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepetlizardfromParagraph1?A.Itwentmissing. B.Itstankgrewdirty. C.Itgotaskindisease. D.Itsoldskincameoff.25.Whydidtheauthor’shusbandhavebananapuddingforhisbirthday?A.Thebirthdaycakefeelfromtheshelf. B.Thebirthdaycakewasdamaged.C.Theauthormadegoodpuddings. D.Puddingwashisfavoritedessert.26.Theunderlinedpart“l(fā)eavingbehindwhatnolongerservedhim”inParagraph8mostprobablymeans________.A.fallingbehindthetopplayers B.lookingbackonthepastC.givingupabadhabit D.puttingthepastbehind27.Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?A.Loveoffamilyhelpsussurvivegreathardships.B.It’snottheendoftheworldifwebreakthings.C.Weshouldmoveonnomatterwhathappens.D.Pastexperiencesshouldbetreasured.【答案】24.D25.B26.D27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章作者通過身邊的一些事，以及觀看喬丹紀錄片《最后一舞》，終于意識到我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會放下過去，從希望開始繼續(xù)前行。【24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Aboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizard(蜥蜴)wasgrowingdusty.Itworriedme.Ireportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthelizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizardemergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.(大約五周前，我注意到我們寵物蜥蜴的皮膚上積滿了灰塵。這讓我很擔(dān)心。第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩子們報告了蜥蜴皮膚上的奇怪表面。幾秒鐘后，我們的蜥蜴從它的水箱里出來，它的舊皮膚在后面流動。)”可知，作者觀察到寵物蜥蜴皮膚不對勁，后來才發(fā)現(xiàn)它蛻皮了。故選D。【25題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfellandcrashedbesidethecake.Tinypiecesofglasswereeverywhere.ShesobbedloudlyasIthrewthecakeaway.Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthday.(在我丈夫參加完另一個工作面試回家的前兩個小時，我女兒爬到高高的架子上拿了一個玻璃花瓶。它掉了下來，摔在蛋糕旁邊。玻璃碎片到處都是。我把蛋糕扔掉時，她大聲抽泣起來。我丈夫過生日時吃了香蕉布丁。)”可知，作者的丈夫在生日的時候吃香蕉布丁是因為生日蛋糕被毀了。故選B。26題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.(他們兩人都沒有選擇改變他們的那個時刻。但在一切都變了之后，他們不得不接受原來的自己。就像我們一樣。我意識到我們必須學(xué)會把過去拋在腦后。)”可知，劃線詞組指的是將過去拋在腦后。故選D。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第八段“Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.(我意識到我們必須學(xué)會把過去拋在腦后。)”、倒數(shù)第二段“Humansdonotshedskinaseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchangeisupsetting.Theprocessistiring.(人類不像其他動物那樣容易蛻皮。改變的開始令人不安。這個過程很累人。傷害在我們準備好之前就改變了我們。)”以及最后一段“Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.(喬丹說，無論結(jié)局如何，都要從希望開始。我們的皮膚柔嫩而充滿希望，這就是我們開始的地方。)”可知，文章作者意識我們必須學(xué)會放下過去，繼續(xù)前進，也就是是無論發(fā)生什么事情，我們都應(yīng)該帶著希望繼續(xù)前進。故選C。CAscitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“l(fā)isteningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.28.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.A.giveanexample B.introduceatopic C.reachaconclusion D.makeacomparison29.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries. B.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.C.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists. D.Tocollectdatafromthepark.30.WhatshouldwedobeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Createanewlanguage. B.Developcommunicationskills.C.ConservetheEarth. D.Educatepeople.【答案】28.B29.A30.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，該研究表明，城市地區(qū)的野生環(huán)境對人類的福祉極其重要。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.(隨著城市的飛速發(fā)展，生活在城市地區(qū)的人們越來越難以接近大自然。如果你幸運的話，你住的地方附近可能會有一個袖珍公園，但在城市里找到相對野生的地方是不尋常的。)”以及第二段內(nèi)容“Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.(過去的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自然對人類的健康有益，但一項新的研究表明，城市地區(qū)的野生環(huán)境對人類的福祉極其重要。)”可知，作者寫第一段的目的是為了引出本文主題，即城市地區(qū)的野生環(huán)境對人類的福祉極其重要。故選B?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“l(fā)isteningtowaves.”(然后，研究人員檢查了這些提交的信息，將體驗分成不同的類別。例如，一個參與者的“我們坐在沙灘上聽了一會兒海浪”的經(jīng)歷被分配到“坐在沙灘上”和“聽海浪”的類別。)”以及文章第四段“Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.(在對所有提交的內(nèi)容進行編碼后，有六個類別被認為對訪問者最重要。)”可知，研究人員將這些提交的內(nèi)容進行編碼，將經(jīng)歷分為不同的類別。因此，研究人員將參與者提交的內(nèi)容編碼為類別是為了在游客的總結(jié)中找到模式。故選A。【30題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.(“我們正試圖創(chuàng)造一種語言，幫助將人類與自然的互動帶回我們的日常生活中。要做到這一點，我們還需要保護自然，這樣我們才能與它互動，”該研究的資深作者PeterKahn說。)”可知，我們在與自然互動之前應(yīng)該保護環(huán)境。故選C。DArtiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobe“theeasysubject”atschool,insignificanttowidersociety,awasteoftimeandeffort?Artcanconnectculturewithcommercial(商業(yè)的)productsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcert,theyarepayingformusic,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,andtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopledon’tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife—theartsareaperfectcrossover(交迭)betweencultureandcommerce.Furthermore,theartscanbringcommunitiestogether,reducinglonelinessandmakingpeoplefeelsafer.Socialrelationshipsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonourofeventssignificanttoanation’sexperience.Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople’swell-being.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprovetheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferencefortheartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.Vitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.31.Asforartproducts,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Mostpeoplebuythemforcollection.B.Theirpricesmayclimbupastimepasses.C.Theydifferfrommanyothercommercialproducts.D.Theyhaveculturalvaluesratherthancommercialvalues.32.Kidswhoengagewiththeartstendto________.A.bemoreresponsibleadultswhentheygrowupB.bemoreconfidentinexhibitingtheirlearningskillsC.havemoreopportunitiestodocreativejobsinthefutureD.havebetterlearningperformanceandemotionaldevelopment33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Artproductsaremoreexpensive.B.Theartscanmakepeoplefeellonelier.C.Artisticactivitiescanimprovepeople’shealth.D.Theartscanhelppeoplebecomemorebeautiful.34.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?AArtIsBeneficialforPatients B.ArtWastesTimeandEffortC.ArtCanPreventHeartDisease D.ArtIsImportanttoHumankind【答案】31.C32.D33.C34.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要從藝術(shù)與文化、商業(yè)的交融、社區(qū)凝聚力、身心健康以及教育成就等方面，全面闡述了藝術(shù)的重要性和積極影響?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Artcanconnectculturewithcommercial(商業(yè)的)productsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.(藝術(shù)可以把文化和商業(yè)產(chǎn)品聯(lián)系起來，這是其他很多東西做不到的。藝術(shù)能賺錢，并在社區(qū)中擁有重要的情感和文化價值。)”以及“Peopledon’tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife—theartsareaperfectcrossover(交迭)betweencultureandcommerce.(人們不再只是想要物質(zhì)上的東西，他們想要體驗生活——藝術(shù)是文化和商業(yè)之間的完美交迭。)”可知，作者認為藝術(shù)作品和其他商業(yè)產(chǎn)品不一樣，藝術(shù)作品將文化和產(chǎn)品聯(lián)系在一起，使文化和商業(yè)之間的完美交迭。故選C?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.(參與藝術(shù)的孩子在他們的教育中取得更大的成就:那些參與戲劇的孩子有更大的文學(xué)能力，而其他參加音樂實踐的孩子在數(shù)學(xué)和語言方面表現(xiàn)出更大的技能。)”以及“Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.(參與藝術(shù)活動對兒童發(fā)展至關(guān)重要;鼓勵孩子以建設(shè)性的方式表達自己可以幫助他們在以后的生活中形成健康的情緒反應(yīng)。)”可知，參與藝術(shù)的孩子未來會在學(xué)業(yè)上有更好的表現(xiàn)，并且擁有健康的情緒反應(yīng)。故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople’swell-being.(藝術(shù)顯然對身心健康有相當(dāng)積極的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常去文化場所或參加藝術(shù)活動的人比不這樣做的人更有可能獲得良好的健康；更多地參與藝術(shù)與人們的更高水平的福祉有關(guān)。)”可知，藝術(shù)對人們的身心健康有著積極的影響，也就是說藝術(shù)可以改善人們的健康。故選C。【34題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Artiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobe“theeasysubject”atschool,insignificanttowidersociety,awasteoftimeandeffort?(藝術(shù)無處不在。任何公共空間都是由藝術(shù)頭腦精心設(shè)計的，既實用又美觀。那么，為什么藝術(shù)仍然被廣泛認為是學(xué)校里的“輕松科目”，對更廣泛的社會來說無足輕重，是浪費時間和精力呢？)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要從藝術(shù)與文化、商業(yè)的交融、社區(qū)凝聚力、身心健康以及教育成就等方面，全面闡述了藝術(shù)的重要性和積極影響。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Here’sariddle:Whatdotrafficjams,longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveincommon?Thereisoneanswer.___35___IntheDigitalAge,we’reusedtohavingwhatweneedimmediatelyandrightatourfingertips.However,researchsuggeststhatifwepractisedpatience,we’dbeawholelotbetteroff.Hereareseveraltrickswecanlearntoimprovepatience.___36___.Thankfulnesshasalotofbenefits:Researchshowsitmakesushappier,lessstressedandevenmorepositive.___37___“Showingthankfulnesscandevelopself-control,”saidYeLi,researcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.Asimplegratitudeexercisecanhelpuspractisepatience.We’lltakeit!Youshouldmakeyourselfwait.Immediategratification(滿足)mayseemlikethemost“feelgood”optionatthetime,butpsychologyresearchsuggestswaitingforthingsactuallymakesushappierinthelongrun.Andtheonlywayforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractise.Startwithsmalltasks.___38___Wait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake.You’llsoonfindthatthemorepatienceyoupractise,themoreyoustarttoapplyittoother,moreannoyingsituations.Itisimportanttoaccepttheuncomfortable.Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate(容忍),andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.___39___Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerable.”You’llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.A.You’dbetterfindthecauses.B.You’dbetterpractisegratitude.C.Allthisaddsuptoastateofrelaxation.D.Itcanalsohelpuspractisemorepatience.E.Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekend.F.They’reallsituationswherewecouldusea