全球太陽能光伏市場回顧2024（英）-26正式版-WN8

Task1StrategicAnalysisandOutreachSnapshotof

GlobalPVMarkets

2024ReportT1-42:20241StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarketsWhatisIEAPVPSTCP?TheInternationalEnergyAgencyfoundedin1974,isanautonomousbodywithinframeworkofOrganizationEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD).TheTechnologyCollaborationProgramme(TCP)wascreatedwithabeliefthatfutureofenergysecurityandsustainabilitywithglobalcollaboration.Theismadeupof6000expertsacrossgovernment,academia,andindustrydedicatedadvancingresearchandapplicationofspecificenergytechnologies.TheIEAPhotovoltaicPowerSystemsProgramme(IEAPVPS)isoneofTCPswithinIEAandwasestablished1993.Themissionofprogrammeis“enhanceinternationalcollaborativewhichfacilitateroleofphotovoltaicsolarenergyasacornerstoneintransitionsustainableenergysystems.”orderachievethis,Programme’sparticipantshaveundertakenavarietyofjointresearchprojectsinPVpowerapplications.overallisheadedbyanExecutiveCommittee,comprisedofonedelegatefromeachcountryororganisationwhichdesignatesdistinct‘Tasks,’thatberesearchprojectsoractivityareas.TheIEAPVPSparticipatingcountriesAustralia,Austria,Belgium,Canada,Chile,China,Denmark,Finland,France,Israel,Italy,Japan,Korea,Malaysia,Mexico,Morocco,theNetherlands,Norway,Portugal,SouthAfrica,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Thailand,Turkey,andUnitedofAmerica.TheEuropeanCommission,SolarPowerEurope,SmartElectricPowerAlliance,SolarIndustriesAssociation,andCopperAlliancemembers.usat:WhatisIEAPVPSTask1?TheobjectiveofTask1ofIEAPhotovoltaicPowerSystemsProgrammeispromotingandfacilitatingexchangeanddisseminationofinformationontechnical,economic,environmentalandsocialaspectsofPVpowersystems.Task1activitiessupportbroaderPVPSobjectives:contributetocostreductionofPVpowerapplications,increaseawarenessofpotentialandvalueofPVpowersystems,fosterremovalofbothtechnicalandnon-technicalbarriersandenhancetechnologyco-operation.Authors?Data:ReportingCountries,BecquerelInstitute(BE).?Analysis:Ga?tanMasson,ElinaBosch,VanRechem,Melodiedel’Epine(BecquerelInstitute),Task1members?Editor:Ga?tanMasson,Task1Manager.?Design:DISCLAIMERTheIEAPVPSorganisedunderauspicesofInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)butfunctionallyandlegallyautonomous.Views,findingsandpublicationsIEAPVPSdonotnecessarilyrepresentviewsorpoliciesofSecretariatoritsindividualmembercountriesDatanon-IEAPVPScountriesareprovidedbyofficialcontactsorexpertsthecountries.arevalidatdateofpublicationandshouldconsideredasestimatesseveralcountriesduetothepublicationCOVERPICTUREPlusAmsterdam200kWpplaneandthecantilevered(theNetherlands).credits:SaintGobainSolutions/Photostuip/BIPVNederlandISBN978-3-907281-55-0:SnapshotGlobalMarketsINTERNATIONALPHOTOVOLTAICPOWERSYSTEMSPROGRAMMEIEAPVPS

Task1StrategicPVAnalysisandOutreachReportIEA-PVPST1-42:2024

April2024ISBN978-3-907281-55-01StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarketsTABLEOFCONTENTSTableofExecutive1SnapshotofGlobalMarketin20231.1EvolutionofAnnual1.2ImpactofUkraineWarandover-capacityinmanufacturing1.3FocusMarketsin20231.4Market2CumulativeInstalledCapacityin2.1EvolutionofRegionalofInstallations............................................122.2LimitsofReporting2.3Decommissioning,RepoweringandRecycling2.4orDC3ElectricityProduction4Policy&Markets4.1Policy4.2CompetitiveTenders&Merchant4.3ProsumersPolicies4.4GridIntegrationand4.5LocalManufacturingPolicies4.62024MarketPerspectivesPVPSCountries5intheBroaderTransition.........................................................................225.1andOther5.2FosteringDevelopmentofaCleanerSystem31StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarketsEXECUTIVEThecumulativecapacity1.6TWin2023,TW2022,with407.34461ofsystemscommissioned–andtheorderofan150ofmodulesinventoriesacrosstheworld.Afterseveralyearsoftensionmaterial

andtransportcosts,modulepricesplummetedinamassivelyover-suppliedmarket,

maintainingcompetitivityofevenaselectricitypricesdecreasedafterhistoricalpeaks

in2022.Majortrendsinclude:?Withactivedevelopmentpolicies,China’sinstallationssoaredarecordGW(orevenup2772)over60%ofnewglobalcapacityreaching662ofcumulativecapacity.Remarkably,capacityrepresentsover15%oftotalglobalcapacityandisnearlyequivalentofthelargest

cumulativecapacity:Europe.Thisonceagainrepresentedamorethandoubledannual

installedcapacity,from105.52023andin2021.?Europedemonstratedcontinuedstronggrowthinstalling61(ofwhich55.8intheEU),byainGermany(14.3GW),andincreasedvolumesPoland(6.0GW),Italy(5.3andNetherlands(4.2GW)whilstslightly(7.7?theAmericas,bothmarkets-theafteraslow33.2GW,andBrazilitsdynamic2022marketinstall11.9GW,bringingits

cumulativecapacitytheworldwide.?Indiahadaslightlyyearwith16.6GW,onceagainpredominantlycentralised

systems.OtherAsia-Pacificmarketsdowntoo,includingAustraliawhileKoreaGW)and(6.3GW)steady.Marketoutsideofanhonourable30%,whileChina’sdomesticgrowthwasabove120%whichexplainedtremendousmarketdevelopment.Thenumberofcountriestheoreticalpenetrationratesover10%sincelastyear18,andwhilstsmallerpopulationsasNetherlands,andGreecewere

leaders,morepopulouscountries,includingGermanyandpassed10%.While1AllcapacityinreportisDC,unlessspecifiedsomecountries,means

differentvaluestoofficialdata–example,China’sEnergyAdministration(NEA)

inACPVPSaconversionratioACtoDC.Aisoftenprovided

toforuncertaintyinAC/DCconversionratios,inparticularwithtonewutilityscale

capacityinChina,wheretheminimalannualvolumeconsidersofficialChinareportingandthemaximal

volumeconsidersafurther42couldhaveinstalledconsideringuncertainty

officialconversionratiosfromACtoDCUtilityscalesystems.Formanyfigures,twohavebeenrepresentedwith(minimum)andadditionalshaded(maximum)bars.Ifisspecified,compileddatareferstolowertotalswithOfficialChinareportingvalues.See

section3formoreinformation.2See4<企業(yè)服務(wù)><個人服務(wù)>能研智庫可提供以下企業(yè)服務(wù)（前四項(xiàng)）和個人服務(wù)（后四項(xiàng)），詳見下欄，每張圖片均超鏈接相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)的詳細(xì)介紹。ERR能研微訊ERR能研君

能研智庫ERR能研微訊訂閱號二維碼（左）丨申請加入能源群（右，申請請訂閱號二維碼（左）丨頭條號、西瓜視頻（右)提供工作名片或者學(xué)生證驗(yàn)證身份)能研智庫能研智庫業(yè)務(wù)合作視頻號二維碼（左）丨抖音視頻（右)1StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarketscongestionhasbecomeissue,policymeasures,technicalsolutionsandstorageare

alreadyprovidingsolutionsenhancepenetration.Individualmarketsremainsensitivetopolicysupportanddomesticelectricitydespitecompetitivityacrossmostmarketinmanycountries.Theabilityoflocal

manufacturingprojectsinitiatedinpreviousyearsaheadisuncertainsignificant

increasesmanufacturingcapacityinsupplyoutstrippingglobalandconsequentrecordmoduleprices.Significantdropsinmodulepricesdueincreasedinventory,oversupplyandcompetitiveenvironmentamongmanufacturersstrainonmanufacturing.playedanimportantrolereductionCO2emissionselectricity2023,

withmorethan75%ofnewrenewablecapacityinstalledin2023,generatingnearly60%of

generationnewrenewablecapacity.OversupplyofPVmodules2023hasshedalightonthedifficultiesalignandinaveryenvironment:whileproductioncapacitiesincreased

significantlyinChina,thedemandbyconstraintsinmarketsasIndia,Korea,andAustralia,notexclusively.GrowthoutsideChinahappenedinanumberofcountries.Unevenpoliticalsupportincouldalsobeattributeddifficultiestodeveloplocalmanufacturingfacilitiesanalreadyinundatedmarket.51StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarkets61StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarkets1SNAPSHOTOFTHEPVMARKETIN2023PVPShasdistinguisheditselfthroughouttheyearsbyproducingunbiasedreportsthedevelopmentofallovertheworld,basedoninformationfromofficialgovernment

bodiesandreliableindustrysources.This12thofthe“SnapshotofGlobalMarkets”

aimsatprovidingpreliminaryinformationhowthemarketin2023.29editionofthecomplete“TrendsinPhotovoltaicApplications”reportwillpublishedin2024.1.1EvolutionAnnualInstallationsappearsthat1581representsminimumcapacitybytheendof

2023,andatleast407.3butperhapsasmuchas4463ofsystemshavecommissionedlastyear.countries4,forwhomthereisafirmlevelof

certaintyinthedata,represented1(orofcumulativecapacityand352.8(87%)ofannualinstallations.Thisyear’snewinstallationshavenearlydoubledof2022,

up236GW,arateofover80%-aratenotseensince2011.2023,atcountriesinstalled1GW,countries2022.

NineteencountriesincludingtheEU)nowmorethan10oftotalcapacityandfivehavemorethan40GW.Chinaalonerepresentedaof662followedbytheEuropean(asEU27)with268.1GW,theUSAranksthirdat169.5andIndiahasovertakenfourthwith95.3GW.GWpFIGUREOFANNUALPV7802008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023

IndiaBrazilOthercountriesOtherIEAPVPSCountriesEuropeanUnionUSASource:IEAPVPS3minimalannualvolume407.3considersofficialChinamaximalannual

446afurthercouldhaveinstalledconsideringuncertainty

officialconversionratiosfromACtoDCUtilityscalesystems.Formanyfigures,twobeenrepresentedwith(minimum)andadditional(maximum)bars.Ifspecified,compiledreferstolowertotalswithOfficialChinareportingvalues.4thepurposereport,IEAPVPSthosethatareeithermemberintheirownright

throughadhesiontheEC.71StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarketsthepasttwoyears,themarketinChinahasgrownsoquicklyandspectacularlythatothermajormarkethasablekeep–notevenwithitsownsustainedgrowth

(seeFigure2).Withcontinueddynamicgrowth,remainstheregionalmarketin

2023over60%ofnewcapacity(compared45%in2022),whilstandUSA

accountforjust20%,significantlylessthanin2022.The2023growthinChinacamemostly

fromattemptabsorbmassiveproductionofcomponentsmanufacturers,hencenumbersforarefarbeyondtheauthoritiestargetsfordeployment.Source:IEAPVPSWithcontinueddynamicgrowth,majorregionalmarketin2023withapproximately60%ofnewcapacity(compared45%in2022),whilstandtheUSAaccountforjustover20%,significantlylessthan2022.growthincamemostlyfromanattemptabsorbmassiveproductionofcomponentsfromlocalmanufacturers,numbersforarebeyondtheauthoritiestargetsfordeployment.Overpastyears,annualratesfornewcapacityhaveaccordingpolicyandotherconstraints,withseveralyearsofnegativegrowthandseveral

otheryearsofgrowthratesover100%(includingthisyear’sover125%).Theglobalmarket

excludingChinahashadaevolutionratesof10%37%overperiod.

However,newofChinesemarket,thesteadyinginfluenceofothermarkets

willdiminishsignificantly.GWpFIGUREOFANNUALINMAJOR020162017201820192020202120222023OthercountriesIndiaOtherIEAPVPScountriesJapanEuropeanUnionUSAChina**OfficialChinareportingSource:IEAPVPS81StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarkets1.2ImpacttheUkraineWarover-capacityinmanufacturingFromearly2022,thepoliticaltensionsinandresultingreducedgasacquisitionsresultedseveralhighpeaksinwholesaleanddomesticelectricityprices,notjustbutacrossarangeofothercountriesasfarasAustralia-althoughby2023thesepriceshave

stabilisedsomewhat.spotpriceswerein50€/MWh100€/MWhrange,

downover300€/MWh500€/MWh.thereductioninelectricity

prices,theyremainhigherthanwhatmanycanprovide,leavingthedoorcompetitivenesselectricitymarkets,independentlyoftherecord-lowpricesmodulesseenmid-2023.2023,thecontinuedincreasemanufacturingcapacitylargelyoutstrippedthemarket’s

abilityabsorbnewmoduleavailability.theendof2022,modulestockshadalready

reachedaabovethatofEuropeanandinstalledmarketscombined,andonlyanaccelerationofthistrend.Thereisnowanestimated150ofmodulestock.

Compoundingtheeffectsofincreasedmanufacturingcapacityleadinginventories,transitionofthemainstreamindustryTOPCon(amongstothern-type

technologies),andimportantbutnotsufficientglobalmarketgrowth.Thishasresultedmassivepricedropsalongthechain.DomesticinChina,pulledbyfavourablepolicies,hasthatapartofoversupplyhasabsorbed.However,uptakehasn’tbeencompensatefortremendousoversupplyalone,andthehonourablebutinsufficientgrowthofglobalmarkets

hasasignificantdropinmodulemarketprices.thebeginningof2024,several

Chinesemanufacturersthatremainedlargelyin2023,forurgentmeasuresin

Chinaavoidtheentireindustrycollapsing,assmallermanufacturersoutsideChina.

Increasingcontroversysurroundingtheverylate2023modulepricestheinternational

markethasindustrydiscussiononunsustainablepricedumping.Thelowpricesandinventoriesparticularlyimpactingslow

developmentoflocalmanufacturingprojectsoutsideofChinaandSouth-EastAsia,where

competitivenesswasalreadyhardreach.Thishascomfortedpolicymakers

advocatingfortradebarriersandadditionalincentivesforlocalmanufacturingespeciallyUSAandIndia,andavividdebateinEU.91StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarkets1.3FocusonTopMarketsin2023TheChinesemarketgrewataveryhighrateofover125%andinstalledaminimumof235(officialChinareporting)apossible2772023from106in2022and55

in2021).55.8ofinstallations,theEuropeanrankedfollowedbytheUSAat33.2strongvolumesaslower2022)followedby

Indiawithaslightlycontractedmarketof16.6GW.VerystronginGermany14.3countryleapfrogastillstrongBrazil(11.9GW)fourthplace.Note:TheEuropeanUniongrouped27Europeancountries2023,outofwhichGermany,Spain,Poland,andthe

NetherlandsalsoappeartheTopTen,eithertheannualinstalledcapacityorcumulativeinstalledcapacity.CommissionamemberofthroughitsJointResearch(EU-JRC).*OfficialChinareportingcapacity,belowpreliminaryassessmentofGW/GWSource:Tothenewcapacityin2023,countriesneededatleast4.2systems(comparedinandjustback2018).AustraliagavetheNetherlandsasitsmarketdecreased2ndconsecutiveoftotalcumulativeinstalledcapacitiesthereisincreasedgapofbetweenplaced

Germanyandsixthplacedasthebottomoftablemeetthedynamicmarkets

ofthosehigherthetable.Japan’smarketisnotsufficientkeepitsplaceasitovertakenbyIndia.1.4MarketSegmentationBothrooftopandutilityscalesegments2023.Marketsegmentswerereasonably

balanced,approximately45%ofnewcapacityrooftops–althoughdatauncertaintyconvertingutilityscalecapacityDCcapacityinisthatthisdistributionis

uncertain.ofhadgrowingcontinuouslyas

marketsnewcountries,decreasingcostsandhigherelectricitymakeitmoreaccessibleforresidentialandcommercialinvestors,withbothdominantmarket

sharesandnotablevolumes(>4inGermany,Brazil,PolandandItaly,andalesser

extent2.5inNetherlands,France.othercountriesasIndiaandSpain,utilityscalesystemscovermore65%ofthelocalhasfluctuatedyearly,andthisyear’smajorityofutilityscalesystemsmaynotberepeated

nextyear.bothsegmentsapplicationsgrowth;fromintherooftoputilityscalefloating101StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarketsStillmarginalbutgrowing,agrivoltaicprojectsandareasyethardquantify,asare

VIPV/VAPV5volumes(PVintegratedinvehicles),althoughtheyareexpectedwell

inthecomingyears.Technologicalevolutions,suchasbifacialorthenewmodule

technologiesimpactthedevelopmentofthesenewmarketsegments.GWpFIGUREOFPV020132014201520162017201820192020202120222023ROOFTOPUTILITYSCALEAC/DCratiouncertaintyscaleSource:BecquerelInstitute2CUMULATIVEINSTALLEDCAPACITYINTHE2023theglobalcumulativeinstalledcapacityreached1.6TW,reachinganestimated

15811624GW,asinFigure5.Mostremarkably,thenewannualcapacity

installedinin-reporting277–preliminaryassessment)isjustoverofthecumulativeinstalledcapacityin(314.7GW,ofwhichisinEU).Cumulativecapacitythetopofthe20%35%rangeofpastyears.indicated1,the5countriesfromChinaIndiaandGermany

(81.6GW)haveatleastmorethanthenextcountriesandhavegapby

morethan10sincelastyear.nextgroupofcountrieswithbetween2540GW,acrossmostcontinents,isonlytrailedby(23.6GW)andNetherlands(22.45BIPV–BuildingPV;VIPV–VehicleIntegratedPV;VAPV-VehiclePV111StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarketsGWpFIGUREOFPV200017501500125010000346820042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023BrazilIndiaOthercountries

OtherIEAPVPScountriesEuropeanUnionUSAJapanChinaIEA-PVPSpreliminaryassessmentSource:2.1EvolutionofRegionalShareofInstallationsThemajorityofglobalinstallationsisheldbyAsia-Pacificandhasonceagain

increased2023,risingover60%,withacumulativeinstalledcapacityofatleast947AcloserlookshowsusthatitisChina,notAsia-Pacificasawhole,thathasincreasedits

share(seeFigures6Aand6B).ExcludingChina,threeotherregionalmarkets–remainderofAsia-Pacific,andtheAmericas-areallroughlyequivalent,thefirsttwo

holding19%andlatter15%ofglobalcumulativeinstallations.TherestofAsia-Pacificmarketsgenerallyinslightcontractionsteadyovercompared2022.Japanesemarkethas610ayearoverpastnowandseemsfindingstabilityatabout6.3GW,reachingacapacity91.4GW.Withacumulativecapacity,Indiahashadavolatilerangingfromunder1in20142022’s18.6GW.Hurdlesadministrativeprocedures,accessandWithveryambitiousmanufacturing

anddevelopmenttargets,Indiaisstillexpectedaleadingrole.Australianmarket

wasapromisinglysteady45for5yearsbuthasdroppedbelow4thisyear,

whilstinsameperiodhasbouncedbetweenand5GW,settlingatjust3thepast2years.twocountriesbothhaveacumulativecapacityof25and35GW.othernationalanysignificantcapacityinAsia-Pacific

are(whosefragilegridnewaftermulti-GW2019/2020)

andTaiwanmay3in2023.Whilsteachcountryhasspecificreasonsforthe

sluggishmarkets,amorefundamentalunderlyingproblemremains.AcrosstheEuropeanregionalmarkettherewasgrowthinannualcapacityinnearlymarkets,ridingontheincreasedcompetitivenessofwithrespecthighelectricityprices

fromtheconsequencesoftheUkraineconflict,buturgentpoliticalmandatesincrease121StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarketsenergyautonomyandrenewableenergyproduction.ThemaincontributorisstillGermany

(adding14.3reach81.6GW),ridingonstrongpoliticalmotivation,followedbytwo

countrieswithovercapacity:Spain8.57.7in2023)andItaly(over100%5.3newcapacity).Thesearefollowedbyat23.6(+3.9GW),theNetherlandsat22.4(+4.2GW)andPolandcatchingup618.5GW).NearlyaotherEuropeancountriesinstalledmorethan1in2023.TheregionalislargelydrivenbytheUSA,returningvolumessimilar2021abyadding33.2169.5orover70%ofcapacityinregion.However,thedynamicinBrazilhascontinued,adding11.9(up9.92022)35.5GW.(up1.3cumulativemaydoubledigits2024,whilstcumulativecapacity)next3years.GWpFIGURE6A:OFPV16001400120010000EuropeAfrica&MiddleEastRestoftheAsiaPacificexcludingChinaChina**OfficialChinareportingSource:131StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarketsFIGUREOFSHAREOFMARKET90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%20012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023EuropeAfrica&MiddleRestofworldAmericasPacificexcludingChinaChina**OfficialChinareportingSource:theMiddleandAfrica,SouthAfricainstallednearly3andresponsiblethebulkofnewcapacity,withlessthananestimated700elsewhere.Thisisdespitea

significantvolumeofprojectsannouncedthepastyears–abilityoftheprojectsconstructionisproven.example,Egypthadjustover300MWof

newcapacity2023,with700MWinconstructionbutanannouncedpipelineofoverGW.141StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarkets2.2LimitsofReportingConventionsthemarketgrowsconstantly,reportinginstallationsbecomingcomplex.PVPShasdecidedcountallinstallations,bothgrid-connectedandoff-grid,whennumbersarereported,estimateremainingpartunreportedinstallations.countrieshistoricallysignificantcapacityandgoodreporting,aslowgrowinggapshipped/importedcapacityandinstalledcapacitycanattributedseveralfactorsincludingconversionfactorsDC,repoweringanddecommissioning.ConvertingACtoDCpower,particularlyondatacoveringageographicalarea,issubjectaratheruncertainty,asisdemonstrateddata–Officialreportingofscaleispower,Chinaexpertsa1.15conversionratiowhilstothersuse1.5.Withalackofharddataexistingsystems,theseratiosarebuiltonsurveysandstandarddimensioningpractices.FIGUREVOLUMESStock:TotalminimumGWExpertguessandAC/DCuncertainty:GWApproximativesource:Primary&trustedsecondarysources:Theextremelyfastpaceddevelopmentofmicrosystemsplug&playsystemswithonlyamodules),whilstnotsignificantinoverallvolumesissymptomaticofthedevelopmentofunreportedsystemsreachingmarketandsometimesbeinginvisibledistributionoperatorsanddatacollection.0IEA-PVPSOthermarketevolutionsasoff-gridapplicationsaredifficultevenmember

countries,andsignificantgrowthininstallationsincountrieswithoutarobustreporting

systemisalsoalikelyofunderreporting.lightofthis,reportingheretakesaccountreportedandexpertestimatesofnewcommissionedcapacityaswellasprobable

unreportedvolumesinstalledoneofthecontexts.Tounderstandstateofglobalmarkets,itisnecessaryhaveaknowledgeofcurrent

moduleinventories–asmanufacturingcapacityrampedupquicklythroughand2023,

supplyoutstrippedandpricesplungedasmanufacturerslookedavoidwarehouses.However,marketswerenotablefollowtherhythmofmanufacturingcapacity

upgrades,leavingsignificantvolumesinstock.Stockedvolumeshavebeendeterminedondifferencebetweenmanufactured,exportedandcommissionedvolumes,andhave

beenintegratedhere.Inventorieshavebeenbasedonmanufacturingand

exportvolumesandwithregardsinstalledvolumes.ThisdatahasincorporatedFigure7marketvisibility.2.3Decommissioning,RepoweringRecyclingDatapublishedbyPVPSreportsonnewinstalledcapacityandcumulative

installedcapacityarebasedonofficialdatainreportingcountries.Dependingonreporting

practices,cumulativecapacity(thesumofnewannualcapacity)mayoutstripoperating151StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarketscapacityassystemsaredecommissioned.Repoweredcapacitiesreplacesome

decommissionedcapacitybutalsooperationalcapacity,astherepowered

capacityishigherthaninitialplantcapacityduemoduleefficiencyimprovements.ThereisnostandardisedreportingonthesesubjectsacrossPVPScountries.Several

countriesalreadyincorporatedecommissioningofPVplantsintheircapacitynumbersby

reducingthetotalcumulativenumber.countriesreportcapacityinoperationthat

year,andnotincluderepoweredvolumesinnewannualcapacityordecommissioned

volumesoperationalcapacity.Manycountriesdonottrackdecommissioningrepoweringwithanyconsistency.Repowering6stillrelativelyunusualgivenageoftheoldestinstallations,butitis

expectedinthenearfuture–thedefectsofbacksheetswithmaterials,manufactured–2011,isaexample,aspast2haveseenafewhundredMWreplaced.Modulecapacitythathasbeenusedrepower

systemsorunderperformingmoduleswillappearinvolumesbutnot

necessarilynewannualinstallations.Realexpectedtorare,as

landusageconstraintsandcheaperbuildingsencouragerepowering.Recycling

numberscanprovideaglimpseofwhatishappeningwithregardsrepoweringand

decommissioningincountriesrecyclingschemesareactive,howeverreportingisinavailabilityofdatamustimprovedbeforeitusedgenerally.thecomingyears,willfollowdynamicevolutionofdecommissioning,

repoweringrecyclingclosely,withtheexpectedimpacttheinstalledcapacity,

marketprojectionsrepoweringanddeclineinperformancesagingsystems.IEAPVPSReport:2.4ACDataModelandDataAcquisitionforPVRegistrationSchemesandGridconvention,thenumbersreportedConnection–BestPracticeandreferthenominalpowerofRecommendations.systemsinstalled.TheseareexpressedAvailableat/inW(orW).SomecountriesreportpoweroutputofinverterdeviceconvertingDCpowersystemelectricitycompatiblewithelectricitynetworks)orgridpowerlevel.

ThedifferencethestandardDCpower(inWp)andpowercanrangeas

littleas5%(conversionlosses,invertersetatthelevel)asmuchas60%.instance,

somegridregulationslimitinjectionsaslowas70%ofthepeakpowerfromthesystemsinstalledthelastyears.Mostutility-scaleplantsbuiltin2023anAC-DC

ratiobetween1.1and1.5.somecountries,numbersindicatedthisreporttransformedDCnumberstomaintaincoherencyofthereport.general,PVPSrecommendsregisteringsystemswithbothDCpowerandvalue.DCpowerallowsareliablecalculationoftheenergyproductionwhilstpower

allowsabetterunderstandingofthetheoreticalmaximumpoweroutputofthefleet.informationaboutrecommendationsproperlyregisterplantscanbefoundintheModelDataAcquisitionreport(seelinkandcodeabove).6Repoweringispracticereplacingofthemodulesexistingsystemwithefficientmodules.Inprocess,overallpowerthesystemincreased.161StrategicPVAnalysisand–SnapshotPVMarkets3ELECTRICITYPRODUCTIONPVFigure8showshowtheoreticallycouldcontributemeettheelectricityinFIGUREPVkeyPVPScountriesandothermarkets.givesaofSpaincontributioncumulativeinstalledNetherlandscapacityofattheendofcouldChileGreecehavetoelectricityconsumption.AustraliagenerationiseasymeasureforanIsraelGermanyindividualsystembutmorecomplexforPolandentirecountry.ConvertinginstalledcapacityJapanelectricityissubjecterrors-solarBelgiumirradiationcanvarydependingthelocalSwitzerlandclimate;weathercandifferyearyear.IndiaSystemsinstalledbuildingsmaynotbeatBulgariaoptimumorientationorhavepartialAustriaElectricityself-consumed