北京市西城區(qū)2025屆高三英語診斷性測試試題含解析

PAGE26-北京市西城區(qū)2025屆高三英語診斷性測試試題（含解析）第一部分：學(xué)問運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Miarushedhomeandthrewopenthefrontdoor.Hermotherturnedaround,surprisedthatMiawashomefromschoolsoearly.“Iwonfirstplaceintheartcontest!”shesaid___1___prideandraisedherhead,expectingpraise.ThoughMia___2___(work)eagerlyonherartsubmissionforweeks,hermotherwasn’tsure___3___heprojectinvolved.“That’swonderful,Mia!Whatwasthesubjectofyourartproject?”hermotherasked.Smilingfromeartoear,Miahandedoverherartwork.Itwasaportraitofhermother.【答案】1.with2.hadworked/worked3.what【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，描述了米婭在藝術(shù)競賽中得第一名（她的作品是一張媽媽的畫像）后回到家告知媽媽這一好消息時(shí)的情景。1題詳解】考查介詞。句意：“我在藝術(shù)競賽中得了第一名！”她傲慢地說。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知此處須要用“with+抽象名詞”作伴隨狀語，表示“傲慢地”，故填with?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：盡管米婭已經(jīng)為她提交的這個(gè)藝術(shù)作品忙活了好幾個(gè)星期，她的母親卻不知道她在忙什么。事情發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般過去時(shí)，也可理解成動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)，故填hadworked/worked。【3題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意同上，此處為賓語從句，從句中的involved缺少賓語，故填what。B閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Astudyfoundthatadultsaged18to33checkedtheirsmartphones85timesaday,oronceevery10minutes.AsIlearnedduringmyexperiment,___4___(place)somedistancebetweenmyselfandmydevicehelpedmedevotemyselftomyworkmore___5___(easy).Bynothavingmysmartphone,mydistraction(消遣)timewentdownandthusmyworktime___6___(spend)moreefficientlyandeffectively.Onnumerousoccasions,Ifound___7___(I)wonderingwhattodowiththeafternoonsinceIhadalreadycompletedmyhigh-impacttasksfortheday.Withtheextratime,Icanfinallyenjoythepleasuresoflife.【答案】4.placing5.easily6.wasspent7.myself【解析】本文是一篇說明文，作者通過親自試驗(yàn)證明白遠(yuǎn)離手機(jī)能讓工作更有效?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在我和手機(jī)之間保持一些距離幫助我更簡潔地投入到工作中。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處用動名詞作主語，故填placing?！?題詳解】考查副詞。句意同上。修飾動詞短語“devotemyselftomywork”用副詞，故填easily?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：由于沒有手機(jī)，我分心的時(shí)間削減了，因此我的工作時(shí)間更有效率。陳述的是過去的事情，主語myworktime與spend之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，且謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故填wasspent。【7題詳解】考查反身代詞。句意：許多時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺自己都在想下午該做什么，因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)完成了當(dāng)天的重要任務(wù)。依據(jù)句意可知此處表示“我自己”，故填myself。C閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。InJune2012,China’sfirstmanneddeep-seasubmersible(潛水器),Jiaolong,setaworlddivingrecordforsubmersiblesofitskindbyreachinga___8___(deep)of7,062metersintheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.In2024,Chinasuccessfullytestedasubmersible___9___(call)ShenhaiYongshi,capableofdiving4,500meters.___10___muchofJiaolong’sequipmentwasimported,about95percentofShenhaiYongshianditscorecomponentswereproduceddomestically,saidXuQinan,thechiefdesignerofJiaolong.【答案】8.depth9.called10.While/Although/Though【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了“蛟龍”號潛水器和“深海勇士”號潛水器的設(shè)備及其下潛狀況?！?題詳解】考查名詞。句意：2012年6月，中國第一艘載人深潛器“蛟龍”號在太平洋馬里亞納海溝下潛7062米，創(chuàng)建了潛水器下潛深度的世界紀(jì)錄。作動詞reaching的賓語用名詞，adepthof表示“深度達(dá)多少”，故填depth【9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：2024年，中國勝利測試了一種名為“深海勇士”的潛水器，其潛水深度達(dá)到4500米。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處運(yùn)用非謂語動詞，submersible與call之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，表示被動，用過去分詞作后置定語，故填called【10題詳解】考查讓步狀語從句。句意：“蛟龍”號的首席設(shè)計(jì)師徐啟南說，雖然“蛟龍”號的大部分設(shè)備都是進(jìn)口的，但“深海勇士”號95%左右的設(shè)備及其核心部件都是國產(chǎn)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知此處為讓步狀語從句，此處表示“盡管、雖然”，故填While/Although/Though。其次節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）OnemorninginJuly2011,ataxisatwanderingoutsidePetcoParkstadiuminSanDiego.AndWadeLeBlanc,a(an)___11___pitcher(棒球投手)forthePadres,climbedin.”Totheairport,please,”hetoldthedriver.LeBlancwasheadedtoTucson,Arizona,homeoftheclub’sA-levelbranchorganizationatthetime.He’dbeensentdowntotheminors.Again.Fortheeighthtimeinthreeyears.“You’reWadeLeBlanc,”thetaxidriversaid.“Right.”“Yougotsomegoodstuff.”This___12___thepitcher,afterthepreviousnight’sdisastrousperformance.“Ithinktherearesomethingsyoushouldthinkabout___13___,”thedrivercontinued.”Idon’tknow;I’mnota___14___.Maybesomethinglikegoingoveryourheadinyourwindup(擺臂動作)”Wait,what?Thisguywasoffering___15___?Earlierinhiscareer,LeBlancmighthave___16___Orbeenangry.Buttoday,hejust___17___.Hecouldn’taffordtodismissanything.Hiscareerwasontheline.Thenextday,inTucson,LeBlancmethis___18___.Hesaidhewasthinkingaboutmaking___19___tohiswindup.Hiscoachagreed.Insteadofkeepinghishandstighttohischestatthebeginningofhisdelivery,LeBlancraisedthembrieflyoverhishead,asthetaxidriverhad___20___.LeBlancincludedthenew___21___intohisnextstart.Andhewas___22___,allowingonlyonehitoverseveninnings(回合).Itwastheturningpointinhiscareer.Eightyearslater,LeBlancisapitcherfortheSeattleMariners.HesignedthefirstcontractextensionofhisMajorLeagueBaseballcareer—atage33.Thefunnythingaboutadvice:Wesooftentakeitfromthe___23___people.Thatis,we___24___theadviceofexperts,whileundervaluingtheinputofregularfolk.WadeLeBlanc___25___thattrend,andheobtainedthe___26___.“Expertadvisersoftenmakesurprisinglyinaccuratepredictionsaboutthefuture,yetpeople___27___theirsuggestionsnevertheless,”concludedStanfordUniversitypsychologistsinastudypublishedlastyear.Now,noteveryonetookexperts’advice.Themore___28___peoplebecome,thesmallerthepoolofadvisersthey___29___.Participantsinpositionsofpowerignoredalmosttwothirdsoftheadvicetheyreceived,accordingtooneHarvardUniversitystudy.Otherparticipants—thecontrolandlowpowergroups—ignoredadviceabouthalfasoften.Soitrequiredamassiveincreaseofmodesty(虛心)todowhatWadeLeBlancdid:hearwhatthetaxidriverwasofferinghimandacceptitasa(an)___30___.11.A.excellent B.struggling C.ambitious D.awkward12.A.surprised B.concerned C.disturbed D.angered13.A.avoiding B.making C.trying D.crossing14.A.player B.director C.joker D.loser15.A.service B.advice C.chances D.courses16.A.accepted B.worried C.smiled D.laughed17.A.explained B.interrupted C.listened D.guessed18.A.parents B.coach C.driver D.fans19.A.changes B.contributions C.additions D.objectives20.A.included B.announced C.suggested D.resisted21.A.aim B.effect C.hobby D.move22.A.patient B.optimistic C.brilliant D.justified23.A.attractive B.popular C.humble D.wrong24.A.overvalue B.skip C.ignore D.involve25.A.identified B.supported C.opposed D.started26.A.qualifications B.benefits C.prize D.degree27.A.follow B.abandon C.provide D.improve28.A.literary B.successful C.careful D.negative29.A.tolerate B.help C.know D.trust30.A.job B.example C.excuse D.gift【答案】11.B12.A13.C14.A15.B16.D17.C18.B19.A20.C21.D22.C23.D24.A25.C26.B27.A28.B29.D30.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，用韋德·勒布朗虛心接受出租車司機(jī)的建議變更自己的投球動作最終取得勝利的例子告知我們：我們往往會高估專家的建議，而低估一般人的建議，而事實(shí)上我們常常會從一般人那里得到特別有用的建議，一個(gè)人要想勝利，就要虛心接受一般人給的建議?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：韋德·勒布朗，一名在教士隊(duì)表現(xiàn)特別掙扎的投手，爬上車。A.excellent優(yōu)秀的；B.struggling奮斗的、掙扎的；C.ambitious有理想的；D.awkward笨拙的。依據(jù)下文中的“Hiscareerwasontheline.”可知，韋德·勒布朗的棒球生涯奄奄一息，因此他在球隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)得特別掙扎，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這讓韋德·勒布朗感到很驚異，因?yàn)榍耙煌淼母傎愃憩F(xiàn)得很糟糕。A.surprised使驚異；B.concerned使擔(dān)憂；C.disturbed打攪；D.angered使發(fā)怒。依據(jù)空后的“afterthepreviousnight’sdisastrous”可知，前一晚的競賽他表現(xiàn)得很糟糕，而司機(jī)卻夸他表現(xiàn)還不錯(cuò)，這讓韋德·勒布朗感到很驚異，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“我覺得有些動作你應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮試一試，”司機(jī)接著說，“我不是球員，我也說不清，我想可能是在你的擺臂動作中手臂要超過頭頂”。A.avoiding避開；B.making制作；C.trying嘗試；D.crossing橫過。依據(jù)空后的“Maybesomethinglikegoingoveryourheadinyourwindup”可知，司機(jī)讓他考慮試一試新的動作，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.player運(yùn)動員、球員；B.director導(dǎo)演；C.joker愛開玩笑的人；D.loser失敗者。依據(jù)上文可知，韋德·勒布朗是一名棒球運(yùn)動員，司機(jī)和他談?wù)摪羟虻耐肚騽幼?，因此司機(jī)說他并不是一名運(yùn)動員，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：什么?這家伙在提建議?在職業(yè)生涯的早期，勒布朗可能會大笑（含不屑之意）或生氣，今日，他只是在耐性地聽著。A.service服務(wù)；B.advice建議；C.chances機(jī)會；D.courses過程。上一句司機(jī)說讓他試一下在擺臂動作中手臂要超過頭頂，這是司機(jī)給他提的建議，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.accepted接受；B.worried擔(dān)憂；C.smiled微笑；D.laughed發(fā)笑。依據(jù)空后的“Orbeenangry.”可知，要是在以前，勒布朗對司機(jī)的話會不屑地大笑，故D項(xiàng)正確。【17題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.explained說明；B.interrupted打斷；C.listened傾聽；D.guessed猜想?？蘸笠痪湔f現(xiàn)在他不能無視任何一條建議，他的棒球生涯奄奄一息，因此他不會像以前一樣對司機(jī)的話束之高閣，而是會耐性地傾聽，故C項(xiàng)正確。【18題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：其次天，在圖森，勒布朗遇到了他的教練。A.parents父母；B.coach教練；C.driver司機(jī)；D.fans粉絲。依據(jù)空后的“Hiscoachagreed”可知，勒布朗遇到了他的教練，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他說他在考慮對擺臂動作做一些變更。A.changes變更；B.contributions貢獻(xiàn)；C.additions附加物；D.objectives宗旨。依據(jù)上文中的“Maybesomethinglikegoingoveryourheadinyourwindup”可知，那個(gè)司機(jī)建議他在擺臂動作中手臂要超過頭頂，因此勒布朗和教練說想要對他的擺臂動作做一些變更，故A項(xiàng)正確。【20題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：起先投球時(shí)，勒布朗并沒有把雙手緊緊地放在胸前，而是依據(jù)出租車司機(jī)的建議，把雙手短暫地舉過頭頂。A.included包括；B.announced宣布；C.suggested建議；D.resisted抗拒。依據(jù)上文中的“Maybesomethinglikegoingoveryourheadinyourwindup”可知，那個(gè)出租車司機(jī)建議勒布朗在擺臂動作中手臂超過頭頂，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：勒布朗在他的下一輪競賽中加入了這個(gè)新動作。A.aim目的；B.effect影響；C.hobby愛好；D.move動作。空前一句說投球時(shí)，勒布朗并沒有把雙手緊緊地放在胸前，而是依據(jù)出租車司機(jī)的建議，把雙手短暫地舉過頭頂，此處指的就是“把雙手舉過頭頂”這個(gè)動作，故D項(xiàng)正確。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他真是太棒了，七局只被擊出一支安打。A.patient耐性的；B.optimistic樂觀的；C.brilliant杰出的；D.justified合乎情理的。空后一句說勒布朗七局只被擊出一支安打，這說明他表現(xiàn)得特別精彩，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：關(guān)于建議好玩的一點(diǎn)是：我們常常從錯(cuò)誤的人那里得到建議。A.attractive吸引人的；B.popular受歡迎的；C.humble謙遜的；D.wrong錯(cuò)誤的。依據(jù)上文情節(jié)可知那個(gè)人既不是運(yùn)動員也不是教練，只是一個(gè)出租車司機(jī)，卻給了勒布朗特別有用的建議，因此此處是說我們常常從錯(cuò)誤的人（非專業(yè)人士）那里得到建議，故D項(xiàng)正確。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：也就是說，我們往往會高估專家的建議，而低估一般人的投入（建議）。A.overvalue高估；B.skip跳過；C.ignore忽視；D.involve包含。依據(jù)空后的“whileundervaluingtheinputofregularfolk.”可知，而我們卻低估了一般人的建議，這說明我們往往會高估專家的建議，故A項(xiàng)正確。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：韋德·勒布朗反對（違反了）這種趨勢，結(jié)果從中獲益。A.identified堅(jiān)決；B.supported支持；C.opposed反對；D.started起先。依據(jù)上文情節(jié)可知，勒布朗遵從了那個(gè)司機(jī)的建議，這說明他反對（違反了）“高估專家的建議、而低估一般人的建議”這種趨勢，故C項(xiàng)正確。26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.qualifications資格；B.benefits好處；C.prize獎品；D.degree學(xué)位。依據(jù)上文中的“Andhewas___12___,allowingonlyonehitoverseveninnings”可知，勒布朗在競賽中表現(xiàn)得特別精彩，七局只被擊出一支安打，這說明他從這個(gè)建議中獲益了，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：斯坦福高校心理學(xué)家在去年發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)探討中總結(jié)道：“專家顧問對將來的預(yù)料往往出人意料地不精確，但人們還是會聽從他們的建議?！?。A.follow跟隨、遵循；B.abandon放棄；C.provide供應(yīng)；D.improve改進(jìn)。依據(jù)上文中的“Thatis,we___14___theadviceofexperts,whileundervaluingtheinputofregularfolk.”可知，我們往往會高估專家的建議，而低估一般人的建議，因此我們往往會聽從專家的建議，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：越勝利的人，他們信任的顧問就越少。A.literary精通文學(xué)的；B.successful勝利的；C.careful仔細(xì)的；D.negative消極的。依據(jù)空后的“Participantsinpositionsofpower”可知此處指“勝利的”，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.tolerate忍受；B.help幫忙；C.know了解；D.trust信任。后一句說哈佛高校一項(xiàng)探討顯示，位高權(quán)重的參與者幾乎忽視了三分之二的建議，這說明越勝利的人，他們信任的顧問就越少，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，要像韋德·勒布朗那樣行事，要懂得虛心：傾聽出租車司機(jī)給他的建議，當(dāng)禮物一樣接受它。A.job工作；B.example例子；C.excuse借口；D.gift禮物。依據(jù)上文情節(jié)可知，勒布朗耐性地廳出租車司機(jī)給他的建議并聽從了它，這也成為他職業(yè)生涯的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，因此此處指“當(dāng)禮物一樣接受建議”，故D項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】本篇第13空B項(xiàng)popular干擾性較大，有些同學(xué)會認(rèn)為我們常常從受歡迎的人那里的得到建議而誤選此項(xiàng)，但依據(jù)上文中的“thetaxidriver”可知，那個(gè)人既不是運(yùn)動員也不是教練，只是一個(gè)一般的出租車司機(jī)，卻給了勒布朗特別有用的建議，因此此處是說我們常常從錯(cuò)誤的人（非專業(yè)人士）那里得到建議，即：關(guān)于建議好玩的一點(diǎn)是：我們常常從錯(cuò)誤的人那里得到建議，故D項(xiàng)（wrong）正確。其次部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）AWhichmealkitserviceisrightforyou?Asthesimpleactofshoppingandpreparingfoodfordinnerbecomeshardertofitin,awaytohelpmeetconsumerneedsandchangethewayweshopandeathasgrown:meal-deliveryplans.Here’saquickreviewofsomepopularoptions:1.HelloFreshHelloFreshprovideshigh-qualityingredients（烹飪原料）andgenerousportions（份量）,withrecipesthataregenerallyeasytoprepare.Theclear,step-by-stepinstructionsgeteventhenewesthomechefsuptospeed,andtherecipecardsarewell-made,soyoucanrefertoyourfavoriterecipesagainandagain.Therearemealsforalmostanylifestyle,includingvegetarian（素食）options,low-caloriemealsand“quick”recipesthatgetdinneronthetablefast.Cost:$8.75to$9.99perserving,withupto16servingsperweek.2.FreshlyGetfresh,home-cookedfoodwithoutthetroubleofactuallycooking.Thissubscriptionservicedeliverscomfortfoodstoyourdoorstep,andthemealsarepreparedrightbeforedelivery.Neverfrozenandonlyrequiringminimalreheating,they’renutritiousandcostlessthanmanystandardtakeoutoptions.Cost:$7.99to$11.50perserving,withupto12servingsperweek.3.BlueApronBlueApronisfulloffreshingredients,withtraditionalorvegetarianoptions.Likemanyoftheplans,thefoodisdeliveredinonebigboxandtherecipecardisseparatefromthemealingredients.Thevarietyisgoodandtherecipesaregenerallyeasytoprepare.Cost:$7.49to$9.99perserving,withupto16servingsperweek.4.EveryPlateEveryPlateofferssimplermealsforalowercost.Userscanchoosebetweeneightrecipeseachweek,sothereisn’talotofflexibilityfordifferentdietaryneeds,buttherecipesarefullofflavorandgivesubscribersgenerousportions.Ifyou’relookingforanaffordablewaytogetintomealkits,EveryPlateisagoodoption.Cost:$4.99perserving,withupto12servingsperweek.5.DailyHarvestDailyHarvestspecializesindelicioussmoothies.Themealsarepackedwithfruitsandvegetables,makingnutritioneasyandtasty.Smoothiesjustrequiretheadditionofliquid,sofeelfreetoaddyourfavoritetypeofmilkorwatertotheblendandgetyourdaystarted.Cost:$6.99perserving,withbetween9and26servingsavailable.31.Whichmealkitserviceisrightforavegetarian?A.DailyHarvestandEveryPlate.B.HelloFreshandBlueApron.C.EveryPlateandFreshly.D.HelloFreshandFreshly.32.Eachmeal-deliveryplanisavailablewith______.A.fruitsandvegetablesB.unlimitedservingsC.easypreparationD.separaterecipes33.Themeal-deliveryplansmeetthecustomerneedsof______.A.livinganenvironmentallyfriendlylifeB.cuttingdownondailyfoodcostsC.adaptingtoanewlifestyleD.improvingcookingskills【答案】31.B32.C33.C【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了幾個(gè)特別便利的送餐安排?！?1題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)HelloFresh部分中的“Therearemealsforalmostanylifestyle,includingvegetarian（素食）options,”及BlueApron部分中的“BlueApronisfulloffreshingredients,withtraditionalorvegetarianoptions.”可知，HelloFresh和BlueApron適合素食主義者，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)HelloFresh部分中的“easytoprepare”、Freshly部分中的“Neverfrozenandonlyrequiringminimalreheating”，BlueApron部分中的“easytoprepare”，EveryPlate部分中的“simplermeals”及DailyHarvest部分中的“Smoothiesjustrequiretheadditionofliquid,”等信息可知，每個(gè)送餐安排的打算都很簡潔，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Asthesimpleactofshoppingandpreparingfoodfordinnerbecomeshardertofitin,awaytohelpmeetconsumerneedsandchangethewayweshopandeathasgrown:meal-deliveryplans.”可知，隨著購物和為晚餐打算食物的簡潔行為變得越來越難以適應(yīng)，一種幫助滿意消費(fèi)者需求和變更我們購物和吃飯方式的方法已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來：送餐安排，由此可知，送餐安排滿意了顧客適應(yīng)新的生活方式的需求，故C項(xiàng)正確。BKylieKirkpatrickwasgettingreadyforworkwhenher9-yearoldson,RyanKyote,burstintoherbedroom.TheNapa,California-basedthird-graderhadjustwatchedanewsstoryaboutakindergartenstudentinIndianawhowasforcedtoreturnherschoollunchbecauseheraccountbalancecouldn'tcoverthemeal."Ryanwasupset,"KirkpatricktoldTODAYParents.“Hesaid,'Mom,howdoessomethinglikethishappen?'Thenheaskedwhathecoulddotohelp."Afterabitofbrainstorming,Kyote-pronounced“coyote"-decidedhewouldusesixmonths'worthofallowancehehadsaveduptopayoffthelunchdebtofhisentireclassatWestParkElementarySchool.ThebillcameuptoS74.50.ThoughKyotehadbeeneyeballinganewpairofbasketballsneakers,thiswasfarmoreimportanttohim.So,onMay24,hehappilydonatedhissixmonthsofsavingstotheNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictfoodservicesdepartment."Ryantoldthem,'Pleaseletmyfriendsknowthattheynolongeroweanymoney,"Kirkpatrickrecalled."Lunchishisfavoritepartofthedayanditbrokehishearttothinkthatit'sastressfultimeforsomechildren."Thefourth-grader-to-bewantedhisactofkindnesstobeunknowntoothers,buthisproudmothercouldn'tresistsharingaphotoonTwitter,whereitspreadquickly."Givethiskidhismoneyback.Nochildshouldbecoveringlunchdebtforhisclasswithhisallowance,"wroteoneperson.Addedanother:"Lovethisstory...Specialkid."PracticinggooddeedsisnothingnewforKyote."I'llgointothegarageandRyan'sbikeismissingbecausehegaveittoafriendinneed,"Kirkpatrick,asignlanguageinterpreter,toldTODAYparents."Onetime,afrienddidn'thaveanyshoesthatfit,soRyangavehimapairofhisownshoes."Recently,aninvestorgotwindofwhatKyotehaddoneforhisclassmatesandhecontactedKirkpatrick.“HewantedtogiveRyanmoneytoputinhissavingsaccount,"shesaid.Kyote,whorecentlylosthisfathertoALS,hadanotheridea."Ryantoldthemantopayitforward,"Kirkpatricksaid."SohemadeadonationtotheALSAssociation.Ican'tevenbegintotellyouwhatthatmeanttoRyan.Allhewantsistomaketheworldabetterplace."34.HowdidRyanfeelafterwatchingthenewsstory,aboutakindergartenstudent?A.Shocked. B.Relieved.C.Excited. D.Bored.35.Insteadofbuyinganewpairofsneakers,Ryanwasmoreconcernedabout______.A.hisschoollunchB.hisaccountbalanceC.hissixmonthsofsavingsD.hisclassmates’lunchdebt36.WhatdoweknowaboutRyanKyotefromthepassage?A.Hetriedhisbesttohelphisfriendsinneed.B.Hecouldn'tresistsharinghisphotosonTwitterC.HeacceptedadonationfromtheALSAssociation.D.Hearguedagainstnegativereviewsonsocialmedia.37.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Lifeisalwaystoughforschoolchildren.B.Akidcanmakeadifferenceintheworld.C.Socialmediacanmakeyoungpeoplepopular.D.Friendshipisanimportantpartofbeingayouth.【答案】34.A35.D36.A37.B【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，講解并描述了9歲的瑞安總是盡最大努力幫助有須要的摯友——他用攢了6個(gè)月、打算買運(yùn)動鞋的零用錢來支付全班同學(xué)的午餐費(fèi)用，而且他還把自己的自行車送給了一個(gè)有須要的摯友，他這么做只是想讓世界變得更加美妙?！?4題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Hesaid,'Mom,howdoessomethinglikethishappen?'”可知，瑞安說：“媽媽，怎么會發(fā)生這樣的事情呢？”，這說明瑞安感到很震驚，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Kyote-pronounced“coyote"-decidedhewouldusesixmonths'worthofallowancehehadsaveduptopayoffthelunchdebtofhisentireclassatWestParkElementarySchool.”可知，瑞安確定用他攢了6個(gè)月、打算用來買郊狼牌運(yùn)動鞋的零用錢來支付他在西園小學(xué)全班同學(xué)的午餐費(fèi)用，再依據(jù)第四段中的“ThoughKyotehadbeeneyeballinganewpairofbasketballsneakers,thiswasfarmoreimportanttohim.”可知，盡管瑞安始終想買新運(yùn)動鞋，但這對他來說要重要得多，由此可知，瑞安更關(guān)切的是他同學(xué)的午餐費(fèi)用，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。據(jù)第三段中的“Kyote-pronounced“coyote"-decidedhewouldusesixmonths'worthofallowancehehadsaveduptopayoffthelunchdebtofhisentireclassatWestParkElementarySchool.”可知，瑞安用他攢了6個(gè)月、打算買郊狼牌運(yùn)動鞋的零用錢來支付他在西園小學(xué)全班同學(xué)的午餐費(fèi)用，再依據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中的“Ryan'sbikeismissingbecausehegaveittoafriendinneed,”可知，瑞安還把自己的自行車送給了一個(gè)有須要的摯友，由此可知，瑞安總是盡最大努力幫助有須要的摯友，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特殊是最終一段中的“Allhewantsistomaketheworldabetterplace.”可知，文章講解并描述了9歲的瑞安用他攢了6個(gè)月、打算用來買運(yùn)動鞋的零用錢來支付全班同學(xué)的午餐費(fèi)用，而且他還把自己的自行車送給了一個(gè)有須要的摯友，他這么做只是想讓世界變得更加美妙，由此可知，這篇文章是想告知我們一個(gè)小孩的善行也會對世界產(chǎn)生重大影響，故B項(xiàng)正確。CAcrucialperiodforlearningtherulesandstructureofalanguagelastsuptoaroundage17or18,saypsychologistJoshuaHartshorneofMITandhiscolleagues.Previousresearchhadsuggestedthatgrammar-learningabilitydevelopedinearlychildhoodbeforehittingadeadendaroundage5.However,Hartshorne’steamreportsonlineinCognitionthatpeoplewhostartedlearningEnglishasasecondlanguageinanEnglish-speakingcountrybyage10to12ultimatelymasteredthenewtongueaswellasfolkswhohadlearnedEnglishandanotherlanguageatthesametimefrombirth.Bothgroups,however,fellsomewhatshortofthegrammaticalfluencydisplayedbyEnglish-onlyspeakers.Afterages10to12,new-to-EnglishlearnersreachedlowerlevelsoffluencythanthosewhostartedlearningEnglishatyoungeragesbecausetimeranoutwhentheirgrammar-absorbingabilityfellstartingaroundage17.Aimingforasampleoftensofthousandsofvolunteers,HartshornebeganbycontactingfriendsonFacebooktotakeanonlineEnglishgrammarquiz,whichusedaperson’sresponsestoguesshisorhernativelanguageanddialect(方言)ofEnglish.Thenvolunteersfilledoutaquestionnaireaskingwheretheyhadlived,languagestheyhadspokenfrombirth,theageatwhichtheybeganlearningEnglishandthenumberofyearstheyhadlivedinanEnglish-speakingcountry.Intheend,theresearchersanalyzedresponsesof669,498nativeandnonnativeEnglishspeakers.StatisticalcalculationsfocusedonestimatingatwhatagespeoplewithvaryingamountsofexperiencepeakingEnglishreachedpeakgrammarability.Researcherswhostudylanguagelearningregardthenewstudyasfascinating,butexploratory.AccordingtopsycholinguistDavidBarneroftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,Hartshorne’steamcan’tyetsaythatlanguageskilldevelopsalongasingletimeline.Differentelementsofgrammar,suchasusingcorrectwordorderorsubjectsandverbsthatagreewithoneanother,mightbelearnedatdifferentrates,Barnersays.It’salsounclearwhethertheresponsesofvolunteerstoanonline,132-itemgrammartestreflecthowwellofpoorlytheyactuallyspeakEnglish,hesays.What’smore,languagelearninginvolvesmorethanacrucialperiodforacquiringgrammar,cautionslinguistDavidBirdsongoftheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Forinstance,growingupspeakingtwolanguagesatonceputsstillpoorlyunderstoodburdensontheabilitytograspgrammar,hesays.InthenewstudypeoplewhowerebilingualsfrombirthfellshortofpeakEnglishgrammarscoresachievedbyEnglish-onlyspeakers.That’sconsistentwithevidencethatbilingualscannoteasilyturnoffonelanguagewhilespeakinganother,Birdsongsays.Interactionsbetweentonguesspokenbyonepersonmayslightlydepresshowmuchcanbelearnedaboutbothlanguages,evenifbilingualcommunicationstillreacheshighlevels,hesuggests.38.Hartshorneandhiscolleaguesfoundthat____.A.onereachesahigherleveloffluencyatage10B.onelearnsasecondlanguagefastestataboutage12C.onegetsagoodgraspofEnglishgrammarbeforeage5D.one’sabilitytomastergrammardeclinesataroundage1739.Hartshornecollecteddatathrough______.A.socialmediaB.experimentsinthelabC.literaturereviewD.face-to-faceinterviews40.DavidBarnerbelievesthat______.A.languageskilldevelopsalongasingletimelineB.onlinevolunteersdonotcoverawideenoughrangeC.differentgrammaritemsmaybeacquiredatdifferentpacesD.thequizinthenewstudydoesnotincludeenoughquestions41.Whatcanweknowaboutbilingualsfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Theycanachieveaperfectgrammarscore.B.Grammarlearningisthebiggestburdenforthem.C.Theyareabletomakeaswiftshiftbetweenlanguages.D.Speakingtwolanguagesaffectstheirlanguageacquisition.【答案】38.D39.A40.C41.D【解析】本文是為一篇說明文，介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的心理學(xué)家約書亞·哈特肖恩通過探討發(fā)覺學(xué)習(xí)語言規(guī)則和結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期可以持續(xù)到17或18歲左右，其他語言學(xué)家也發(fā)表了對這項(xiàng)探討的不同看法?！?8題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Acrucialperiodforlearningtherulesandstructureofalanguagelastsuptoaroundage17or18,saypsychologistJoshuaHartshorneofMITandhiscolleagues.”可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的心理學(xué)家約書亞·哈特肖恩和他的同事發(fā)覺，學(xué)習(xí)語言規(guī)則和結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期可以持續(xù)到17或18歲左右，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“HartshornebeganbycontactingfriendsonFacebooktotakeanonlineEnglishgrammarquiz”可知，哈特肖恩首先聯(lián)系臉書上的摯友參與一個(gè)在線英語語法測試，也就是說他是通過社交媒體來收集數(shù)據(jù)的，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Differentelementsofgrammar,suchasusingcorrectwordorderorsubjectsandverbsthatagreewithoneanother,mightbelearnedatdifferentrates,Barnersays.”可知，大衛(wèi)·巴納說不同的語法元素，比如運(yùn)用正確的詞序或主謂一樣，可能會以不同的速度被學(xué)習(xí)，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?1題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Interactionsbetweentonguesspokenbyonepersonmayslightlydepresshowmuchcanbelearnedaboutbothlanguages,evenifbilingualcommunicationstillreacheshighlevels”可知，一個(gè)人說的兩種語言之間的互動可能會略微降低他對兩種語言的了解程度，即使雙語溝通仍舊達(dá)到很高的水平，由此推斷出，說兩種語言會影響雙語者的語言習(xí)得，故D項(xiàng)正確。DThelastdecadesawtheriseofthefieldof“plantneurobiology(神經(jīng)生物學(xué))”.Thatdebatablefieldisbasedontheideathatplants——whichdonotpossessbrains——handleinformationinwayssimilartocomplicatedanimalnervoussystems.Thisthinkingimpliesthatplantscouldfeelhappinessorsorroworpain,makeintentionaldecisionsandevenpossessconsciousness.Butthechancesofthatare“effectivelyzero,"LincolnTaizandcolleagueswriteinanopinionpieceinTrendsinPlantScience."There'snothingintheplantremotelycomparabletothecomplexityoftheanimalbrain,"saysTaiz,fromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz.Someplantsarecapableofcomplicatedbehavior.Woundedleavescansendwarningsignalstootherpartsoftheplant,andharmfulchemicalscanwarnanimalsthateatthem.Someplantsmayevenhaveaversionofshort-termmemory:Tinysensinghairscancountthenumberoftouchesthatcomefromaclumsyinsect.Butplantsperformthesewithequipmentthat'sverydifferentfromthenervoussystemsofanimals,nobrainrequired,Taizargues.Heandcolleaguespointoutmethodological(方法的)faultsinsomeofthestudiesthatclaimplantshavebrain-likecommandcenters,animal-likenervecellsandchangingpatternsofelectricitythataresimilartoactivityfoundinanimalbrains.Butbeyondthedebateoverhowthesestudiesareconducted,Taiz'steamarguesthatplantconsciousnessdoesn'tevenmakesensefromanevolutionary(進(jìn)化的)pointofview.Complicatedanimalbrainsadvancedinparttohelpalivingbeingcatchamealandavoidbecomingone,Taizsays.Butplantsarerootedtothegroundandrelyonsunlightforenergy,aninactivelifestylethatdoesn'trequirequickthinkingoroutsmartingapredator(捕食者)——ortheenergeticallyexpensivenervoussystemsthatenablethosebehaviors.“Whatusewouldconsciousnessbetoaplant?”Taizasks.Theenergyrequiredtopowerawarenesswouldbetoocostly,andthebenefitfromsuchawarenesstoosmall.Ifaplantworriedandsufferedwhenfacedwithathreat,itwouldbewastingsomuchenergythatitwouldn'thaveanylefttodoanythingaboutthatthreat,Taizsays.Imagineaforestfire."It'sunbearabletoevenconsidertheideathatplantswouldbeconsciousbeingsawareofthefactthatthey'rebeingburnedtoashes,watchingtheyoungtreesdieinfrontofthem,"Taizsays.Thefrighteningsceneillustrates"whatitwouldactuallycostaplanttohaveconsciousness."Furthermore,plantshaveplentytodowithouthavingtobeconscious,too.Withsunlight,carbondioxideandwater,plantscreatethecompounds(化合物)thatsustainmuchoftherestoflifeonEarth,Taizpointsout."Isn'tthatenough?"42.AccordingtoParagraph1,aplantneurobiologistwouldmostprobablyagreethat______.A.plantsarecapableofindependentthinkingB.plantsareasbiologicallycomplexasanimalsC.plantsdevelopednervoussystemsforsurvivalD.plantsfeelemotionsinthesamewayasanimals43.Whatdoestheunderlined"one”inParagraph4referto?A.Apredator.B.Ameal.C.Aninactiveplant.D.Alivingbeing.44WhichstatementdoesLincholTaizbelieve?A.Plantspossessbrain-likecommandcenters.B.Thelifestyleofplantsrequiresnervoussystems.C.Itisunnecessaryforplantstohaveconsciousness.D.Nervoussystemsenableplantstofighttheirpredators.45.LincolnTaizintroducesa