（外研版）新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義 選擇性必修第三冊　Unit 5 Learning from nature

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會意1．lotusn．蓮花，荷花2．termiten．白蟻3．moundn．土堆，土丘4．a(chǎn)lgaen．藻類(植物)5．pinecone松果，松球6．tilen．瓦片7．mimicv．模仿8．waterfrontn．濱水地區(qū)9．promenaden．濱海步行道10．plumbingn．管道系統(tǒng)11．biomimicryn．仿生學(xué)12．dioxiden．二氧化物13．convertv．使轉(zhuǎn)變；使轉(zhuǎn)換14．frontiern．(學(xué)科的)知識前沿15．pondn．池塘16．batn．蝙蝠17．echo-locationn．回聲定位18．radarn．雷達19．swimsuitn．游泳衣20．dragonflyn．蜻蜓21．dronen．無人駕駛飛機22．spidern．蜘蛛23．superficiallyadv.表面(上)地24．cottagen．鄉(xiāng)村小屋25．deliberatelyadv.不慌不忙地，從容不迫地26．lanen．(鄉(xiāng)間的)小路27．a(chǎn)topprep.在……頂上28．mulberryn．桑葚；桑樹29．fulfilmentn．滿足(感)Ⅱ.重點單詞——記形1．superbadj.極好的，出色的2．sowv．播(種)3．physiciann．醫(yī)生4．bowv．鞠躬5．ruraladj.農(nóng)村的，鄉(xiāng)村的6．decentadj.可接受的，相當好的7．domesticadj.馴養(yǎng)的；家養(yǎng)的8．reluctantadj.不情愿的；勉強的9．resignv．使自己順從于(做)某事；安于10．botanicaladj.植物(學(xué))的11．easen．舒適，悠閑12．a(chǎn)ttainv．得到，獲得Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．a(chǎn)rchitectn．建筑師→architecturen．建筑風(fēng)格，建筑設(shè)計2．wisdomn．智慧→wiseadj.有智慧的，高明的→unwiseadj.不明智的→wiselyadv.明智地3．employv．使用，運用→employern．老板，雇主→employeen．員工→employmentn．雇用；工作；就業(yè)4．withdrawv．退出→withdrawaln．收回；撤退5．depressiveadj.抑郁的→depressv．使抑郁→depressedadj.沮喪的→depressionn．抑郁癥；沮喪；蕭條期6．departv．離開→departuren．離開7．purityn．純潔；潔凈→pureadj.純潔的，純凈的→purifyv．使純凈，凈化8．rejectv．拒絕接受→rejectionn．拒絕9．evaluatev．評估，評價→evaluationn．評估1．persistence/p?'sIst?ns/n．堅持；鍥而不舍→persistent/p?'sIst?nt/adj.執(zhí)著的；持續(xù)的→persist/p?'sIst/vi.&vt.堅持；執(zhí)意2．taketheplunge(尤指思考后的)果斷行事；毅然決定3．conclusively/k?n'klu?sIvli/adv.不容置疑地→conclusive/k?n'klu?sIv/adj.結(jié)論性的；不容置疑的4．bid/bId/vt.(bid，bid)向(某人)問候(或道別等)；出價；投標farewell/?fe?'wel/n．告別；辭行bidsomebodyfarewell向某人道別5．feasibility/?fi?z?'bIl?ti/n．可行性6．credibility/?kred?'bIl?ti/n．可信性；可靠性7．reinforce/?ri?In'f??s/vt.加強；加深；加固8．execute/'eksIkju?t/vt.執(zhí)行；實施；處決→execution/?eksI'kju??n/n．執(zhí)行；實施；處決9．counsel/'ka?nsl/n．勸告；忠告；建議vt.提供專業(yè)咨詢；建議；勸告10．giveforth詳述；發(fā)表(著作、意見等)；發(fā)出(香味、聲音等)Ⅳ.背核心短語1．take...forgranted認為……理所當然2．seeksolutionsto尋求解決辦法3．takeinspirationfrom從……中獲取靈感4．a(chǎn)teasewith不拘束，放松5．o(使)……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?．respondto回應(yīng)，響應(yīng)7．inreturnfor作為對……的回報8．draw...from從……中得到……9．beopposedto反對10．withdrawfrom從……撤出/退出11．inotherwords換句話說12．resignoneselfto聽任/順從/只好接受某事Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．Thebuildingwasdesignedtoshowtheconnectionbetweennatureandthemoderncityenvironmentinwhichitsits.(“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句)這座建筑旨在展示自然和它所處的現(xiàn)代城市環(huán)境之間的聯(lián)系。2．ZimbabweanarchitectMickPearcewasinspiredtocreatetheCentrewhilewatchinganaturedocumentaryinwhichtermiteswereconstructingtheirnests.(狀語從句的省略)津巴布韋建筑師米克·皮爾斯在觀看一部白蟻筑巢的自然紀錄片時受到啟發(fā)，從而設(shè)計了東門大廈。3．WhileTao’sreturntonaturewasareactiontoalifestylehewasopposedto，Thoreau’swasapersonaldecisiontotransformthewayhelived.(while連接并列句，表對比)陶淵明回歸自然是對他反對的生活方式做出的一種反應(yīng)，而梭羅則是出于個人決定而改變自己的生活方式。4．Weshouldlivewiththeminharmonyandenjoynature’sgifts，ashedescribesinhisjournals...(as引導(dǎo)定語從句)我們應(yīng)該和它們和諧相處，享受大自然的恩賜，正如他在日記中所描述的那樣……Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(每小題1分，共11分)1．frontiern．(學(xué)科的)知識前沿2．dronen．無人駕駛飛機3．dioxiden．二氧化物4．convertv．使轉(zhuǎn)變；使轉(zhuǎn)換5．mimicv．模仿6．radarn．雷達7．a(chǎn)lgaen．藻類(植物)8．a(chǎn)topprep.在……頂上9．deliberatelyadv.不慌不忙地，從容不迫地10．cottagen．鄉(xiāng)村小屋11．fulfilmentn．滿足(感)Ⅱ.重點單詞(每小題1.5分，共15分)1．superbadj.極好的，出色的2．bowv．鞠躬3．ruraladj.農(nóng)村的，鄉(xiāng)村的4．decentadj.可接受的，相當好的5．domesticadj.馴養(yǎng)的；家養(yǎng)的6．reluctantadj.不情愿的；勉強的7．resignv．使自己順從于(做)某事；安于8．botanicaladj.植物(學(xué))的9．easen．舒適，悠閑10．a(chǎn)ttainv．得到，獲得Ⅲ.拓展單詞(每小題3分，共15分)1．depressiveadj.抑郁的→depressv．使抑郁→depressionn．抑郁癥；沮喪；蕭條期2．departv．離開→departuren．離開3．purityn．純潔；潔凈→pureadj.純潔的，純凈的→purifyv．使純凈，凈化4．rejectv．拒絕接受→rejectionn．拒絕5．withdrawv．退出→withdrawaln．收回；撤退Ⅳ.拔高詞匯(每小題1分，共5分)1．taketheplunge(尤指思考后的)果斷行事；毅然決定2．bidsomebodyfarewell向某人道別3．reinforcevt.加強；加深；加固4．counseln．勸告；忠告；建議vt.提供專業(yè)咨詢；建議；勸告5．giveforth詳述；發(fā)表(著作、意見等)；發(fā)出(香味、聲音等)Ⅴ.核心短語(每小題2.5分，共15分)1．o(使)……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?．draw...from從……中得到……3．withdrawfrom從……撤出/退出4．resignoneselfto聽任/順從/只好接受某事5．takeinspirationfrom從……中獲取靈感6．a(chǎn)teasewith不拘束，放松Ⅰ.詞形變化填空(每小題2分，共8分)1．Onceanemployeremployssomeworkers，heorsheshouldpayontimeforwhattheemployeesdo.(employ)2．Inreality，heisamanofmuchwisdomandinawayheisquitelikehisfatherwhoalwaysusestimewisely.(wise)3．ThebuildingdesignedbyanoutstandingChinesearchitectisfamousforitsuniquearchitecture.(architect)4．Weneedtoevaluateourselves，ourvalues，ourstrengthsandsoonbecauseobjectiveevaluationwillbenefitus.(evaluate)Ⅱ.選詞填空(每小題3分，共15分)eq\x(take...forgranted，respondto，inotherwords，seeksolutionsto，inreturnfor)1．Ihavetriedveryhardtoseeksolutionstotheproblem，butinvain.2．Don’ttakeforgrantedwhatothersdoforyou.Youshouldbegrateful.3．Don’trespondtoanye-mailsrequestingpersonalinformation，nomatterhowofficialtheylook.4．Theyhavetopaytaxesintheirhomecountryinreturnfortheservicesprovidedbythegovernment.5．Yourperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard—inotherwords，youfailed.Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(每小題4分，共16分)1．正如上面提到的，敬老院里的老年人也需要溫暖和關(guān)愛。(as引導(dǎo)定語從句)Asismentionedabove，theelderlypeopleinthenursinghomearealsoinneedofwarmthandcare.2．蹦極是一項驚險的運動，在這項運動中，勇氣比力量更重要。(“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句)Bungeejumpingisanadventuroussport，inwhichcouragemattersmorethanstrength.3．那就是為什么她的哥哥身材很棒而她有一點胖。(while連接并列句)Thatiswhyherbrotherhasagoodbuildwhilesheisabitfat.4．當解決一個設(shè)計問題時，有時你可以從自然中尋找解決方案。(狀語從句的省略)Whilesolvingadesignproblem，youcansometimeslooktonatureforasolution.Weareusedtonature’sbeautythatwealwaystakeforgranted.Actually，many1.architects(architect)takeinspirationfromnaturetomakedesignsforarchitecture.Andweregardthisactivityasbiomimicry2.which/thatemploystheconnectionbetweennatureandhumanbeings’artandsciencetocreatestructures3.mimicking(mimic)naturalformsandprocesses.AmongthemtheAlgaeHouseis4.asuperbexample5.covered(cover)inpanelscontainingalgae.Feedingthealgaewithliquidnutrientsandcarbondioxidecanencouragethem6.togrow(grow)．Inaddition7.tothis，insomeruralareas，nature’sbeautycanalsobebreathtaking.Walkingonthelanesatease8.enables(enable)peopletoattainasenseoffulfilment.Atthesametime，people’ssoulscan9.bepurified(purity)．Fortunately，nowadaysthegovernmenttriestoseeksolutionstothepreservationoftheprecious10.original(origin)ecology.

提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯employv．雇用；利用(時間、精力等)；使用，運用(employmentn．雇用；工作；就業(yè)employern．雇主，老板employeen．雇工，雇員)·employsbtodo...雇用某人做……employ...as...雇用……當……eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(employoneself,indoingsth,beemployedindoingsth))從事于……，忙于……·outofemployment失業(yè)(1)Theemployerofthecompanyistryingtocreateabetteratmospherewherehisemployees(employ)feelasenseoffulfilment.(2)Iwasemployedtoseek(seek)solutionstoanunexpectedaccidentandIwoulddowhateverIcouldtotakeonthejob.(3)(應(yīng)用文寫作之祝賀信)得知你被聘為一所農(nóng)村學(xué)校的助教，我寫信向你致以誠摯的祝賀。在我看來，你工作再怎么努力都不為過，否則你就會失業(yè)。Learningthatyouareemployedasateachingassistantinaruralschool，Iamwritingtosendmysincerecongratulationstoyou.Inmyopinion，youcan’tworkhardenough；otherwiseyouwouldbeoutofemployment.(4)(2023·新課標Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)我每天忙著準備寫作比賽，抽不出時間來玩。①Iemployedmyselfin/wasemployedinpreparingforthewritingcompetitiononadailybasisandIcouldn’tspareanytimetoplayaround.②Employingmyselfin/Employedinpreparingforthewritingcompetitiononadailybasis，Icouldn’tspareanytimetoplayaround.(用分詞短語作狀語改寫)resignvt.&vi.辭職；辭去(工作、職位等)；聽任；順從；安于(resignationn．辭職；辭職信；順從)resignfrom從……辭職resignas...辭去當……的職務(wù)resignoneselfto(doing)sth聽任/接受(做)某事(1)MrMorgan，afamousphysician，hasofferedhisresignation(resign)andithasbeenaccepted.(2)Twomembershaveresignedfromtheboardinprotestandaresaidtodepartfromthecompany.(3)Youhavenochoicebuttoresignyourselvestowaiting(wait)abitlonger.(4)為了照顧生病的母親，瑪麗決定辭去公司經(jīng)理一職。Inordertolookafterhersickmother，Marydecidedtoresignherpositionasamanager/resignasmanagerinthecompany.easen．容易；舒適；自在vt.&vi.減輕；緩解；使安心；(使)寬慰withease容易地；不費力地ateasewith放松；不拘束put/setsbatease使某人放松/自在(1)Youngasheis，thelittleactorcanbeateasewiththestarswhoworkwithhim.(2)(2022·新課標Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)大衛(wèi)開始時又害怕又緊張，但我的鼓勵的話語使他放松下來，他抬起頭朝起跑線走去。Davidwasfrightenedandnervousatthebeginningbutmyencouragingwordsput/sethimateaseandheheadedforthestartinglinewithhisheadraised.(3)(話題寫作之語言學(xué)習(xí))如果你每天堅持用英語寫日記，你會很容易提高你的寫作水平。①IfyouinsistonkeepingdiariesinEnglisheveryday，youcanimproveyourwritingskillswithease.②InsistonkeepingdiariesinEnglisheveryday，andyoucanimproveyourwritingskillswithease.(用“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”改寫)take...forgranted認為……理所當然take...seriously認真對待……takeone’stime不用急；慢慢來takepridein以……為豪takechargeof負責(zé)，掌管takeadvantageof利用(1)(2022·全國甲，書面表達)我們總是理所當然地認為海洋可以提供給我們無窮無盡的資源，因此我們過度開發(fā)海洋。Wealwaystakeitforgrantedthatoceanscanprovideuswithlimitlessresources，soweoverdevelopouroceans.(2)上個月負責(zé)演講活動時，我認真對待這件事。我充分利用每個向同學(xué)征求意見的機會，因此我完美地組織了這次活動。我的所有同學(xué)都以我為榮。WhenItookchargeofthespeechactivitylastmonth，Itookitseriously.ItookadvantageofeverychancetoaskmyclassmatesfortheiropinionssothatIorganizedtheactivityperfectly.Allofmyclassmatestookprideinme.respondto響應(yīng)；對……作出反應(yīng)；回答(respondvi.反應(yīng)；回復(fù)，回答responsen．回答；反應(yīng))inresponseto作為……的回應(yīng)make(no)responseto...對……給予/不予回答(1)他故意不回答我的問題，這氣得我鼻孔冒煙。Hedidn’trespondto/didn’tmakeresponseto/madenoresponsetomyquestiononpurpose，whichmademynostrilssmoke.(2)(2023·北京，書面表達)應(yīng)您上一封信的要求，我寫信與您分享我對如何建設(shè)“綠色北京”的看法。Inresponsetoyourrequestinyourlastletter，Iamwritingtosharemyideaswithyouonhowtobuilda“GreenBeijing”．while用作并列連詞WhileTao’sreturntonaturewasareactiontoalifestylehewasopposedto，Thoreau’swasapersonaldecisiontotransformthewayhelived.陶淵明回歸自然是對他反對的生活方式做出的一種反應(yīng)，而梭羅則是出于個人決定而改變自己的生活方式。while用法較多，既可用作連詞，也可用作名詞：·表示“在……期間；當……的時候”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；·表示“只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；·表示“雖然；盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；·表示“而；卻”，是并列連詞，構(gòu)成并列句；·用作名詞，表示“一會兒；一段時間”，如：afterawhile過了一會兒；onceinawhile偶爾，間或。(1)寫出下列句子中while的漢語意思①Thebossinsistedthattheplanbecarriedoutatonce，whilesomeofmanagersrejectedtheplan.而，卻②Asweallknow，whilethereislife，thereishope.只要③WhileIwaslookingthroughthenewsonline，upcameavideoofalovelybear.當……的時候(2)(讀后續(xù)寫之升華句)盡管我們不能預(yù)測未來會發(fā)生什么，但我們可以用決心和愛指引自己。Whilewecan’tpredictwhatwillhappeninthefuture，wecanguideourselveswithdeterminationandlove.(3)參觀這次展覽時，我們不僅可以欣賞民間藝術(shù)品，還可以學(xué)到很多東西。Whilevisitingthisexhibition，wewillnotonlyenjoythefolkartworksbutalsolearnalot.(狀語從句的省略)用法點撥①while表示“雖然；盡管”時，不和連詞but連用。②while還引導(dǎo)省略結(jié)構(gòu)，后直接跟現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、名詞、形容詞或介詞短語等。提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．withdraweq\x(A.停止；不再給予B.撤離C.使退出；脫離)(1)Governmenttroopswereorderedtowithdraw.B(2)Thedrugwaswithdrawnfromsaleafteranumberofpeoplesufferedserioussideeffects.A(3)(2021·天津)HenryDavidThoreauwashappytowithdrawfromsociallife，seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureinthequietnessofhislife.C2．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的意思(1)Thisnewdrugshouldhelpeasethepain.減輕，緩解(2)ThePresident’sspeechcoveredarangeofforeignanddomesticissues.國內(nèi)的(3)(2023·全國甲)Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstillbeemployedtodaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.使用，運用Ⅱ.核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識1．There’snodoubtthatyoursuggestionwouldgotrejected(reject)becauseitwasquiteimpractical.2．Hetakesitforgrantedthathisassistantshouldlendmoneytohim.3．Oneofmyclientsisalwayshelpingpeoplewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.4．It’stypicalofhimtorespondtoothers’requestsinspiteofhisownbusiness.5．Itisdemandedthatyoushouldn’twithdrawmoneyfromyourbankaccountifyoudon’thaveapassword.6．Ireckonthatheisreluctanttoput(put)histhoughtsintowords，sodon’tforcehim.7．Whilecycling(cycle)onthestreet，IsawanoldmanlyingonthegroundandIcametohisaidwithouthesitation.8．Ihavethecapacitytoanalyseandhandleunexpectedincidentswithease，sopleasetakemyapplicationintoconsideration.假如你是李華，請你以“ManandNature”為主題寫一篇短文參加英文報Youth的有獎?wù)魑谋荣悾瑑?nèi)容如下：1.人類從誕生之日起，為了滿足自身需要，不斷從自然界獲取靈感，尋求解決問題的辦法。2.人們向蝙蝠學(xué)習(xí)制造雷達，向池塘中的蜻蜓學(xué)習(xí)改善飛機的飛行性能。3.大自然是人類出色的老師，然而有些人反對向自然界學(xué)習(xí)，認為這些發(fā)明創(chuàng)造是理所當然的。4.人類應(yīng)和大自然和諧相處，作為回報，它會帶給我們巨大的利益。5.雖然人類主宰了這個世界，但我們不能違背自然規(guī)律，否則我們會受到大自然的懲罰。完成句子1．從出生的那一天起，人類就忙著從大自然中汲取靈感，尋求解決問題的辦法。(beemployedin)2．人們利用蝙蝠的特性來制造雷達，利用池塘里蜻蜓的特性來提高飛機的飛行性能。(takeadvantageof)3．大自然是人類極好的老師，然而有些人反對向大自然學(xué)習(xí)，把這些發(fā)明和創(chuàng)造視為理所當然。(while；take...forgranted)4．人類應(yīng)該與自然和諧相處，作為回報，它將給我們帶來巨大的利益。(inreturn)5．在人類主宰世界的同時，我們不應(yīng)該違背自然規(guī)律，否則我們只好接受自然的控制。(while)組句成篇把以上句子用適當?shù)倪^渡詞語和過渡句組成一篇80詞左右的短文。參考范文ManandNatureFromthedayofbirth，humanbeingsareemployedintakinginspirationfromnatureandseekingsolutionstoproblems.Forexample，peopletookadvantageofthecharacteristicsofbatstomakeradarsandofdragonfliesinpondstoimprovetheflightperformanceofairplanes.Natureisasuperbteacherforhumanbeingswhilesomepeopleareopposedtolearningfromnatureandtaketheseinventionsandcreationsforgranted.Inmyopinion，humanbeingsshouldliveinharmonywithnatureandinreturnitwillbringusgreatbenefits.Whilehumanbeingsdominatetheworld，weshouldnotviolatethelawsofnature；otherwisewewillresignourselvestonature’scontrol.教材語料整合亮詞[動作描寫]mimic；sow；seeksolutionsto；takeinspirationfrom；employ；bow；withdraw；depart；reject；ease；attain[人物描寫]physician；decent；deliberately；depressive；reluctant美句1.Visitorsareoftenamazedtofindthemselvesinanurbanbuildingthatsotrulycapturesthebeautyofnaturalforms.(情感描寫)2．Bothmenwerehappytowithdrawfromcontemporarylife，seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureinthequietnessoftheirlives.(情感描寫)拓展語料積累動作細節(jié)描寫：說話單詞ask問answer/reply/respond回答announce/declare宣布add補充說whisper小聲說murmur/mutter喃喃地說sigh嘆息道cry喊shout大叫scream尖叫roar大聲說，吼叫blurt脫口而出exclaim大聲說，驚叫g(shù)asp喘著氣說snap厲聲說mumble咕噥句型“Youstolesomething.Youwillbesearched，”heannounced.“你偷了東西。你將被搜身，”他鄭重地說。Iwhispered，withmyvoicetrembling，“Itisn’tme.”我低聲說，聲音顫抖著，“不是我。”Hesighed，“Tellyourparentsaboutyourwrongdoing，”addingthatIcouldleave.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)他嘆了口氣說：“告訴你的父母你做錯了什么?！边€說我可以走了。Heapproachedme，snappedanditseemedasifhewouldeatmeupinonegulp.他走近我，厲聲說話，好像要把我一口吞下去。語料運用藝術(shù)靈感Havingplayedtheqinforthreeyears，Boyacouldn’tmasterthemysteryofmusic，①sighing，“PerhapsIwillwithdraw.”Sensinghisdepression，Boya’steacherChengLianblurted，“Let’svisitmyteacheronPenglaiMountainintheEastChinaSea，”②addingthathewouldbenefitalot(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)．Boyarespondedwillinglytohisteacher’sofferanddepartedforthedestination.Onreachingthemountain，③gaspingwithtiredness(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)，ChengLianannouncedthatBoyacouldpractiseplayingtheqinbyhimself.Attractedbythebreathtakingscenery，Boya④exclaimed/shouted/criedinexcitement，“Howsplendidthesceneryis！”Withinspirationwellingupinhisheart，hesatontheground，creatingthefamouscomposition—HighMountainsandRunningWater.Boya⑤heldhisteacher’shandsandmurmured/muttered，“Wecantakeinspirationfromnature.”伯牙彈了三年琴，還是不能掌握音樂的奧秘，嘆道：“也許我該撤退了?！辈赖睦蠋煶蛇B察覺到他的沮喪，脫口而出：“我們?nèi)|海蓬萊山拜訪我的老師吧?！辈⒀a充說他會受益匪淺。伯牙欣然接受了老師的建議，出發(fā)前往目的地。到了山上，成連累得喘不過氣來，他宣布伯牙可以自己練習(xí)琴了。伯牙被這壯麗的景色所吸引，激動地叫道：“這景色多美?。　膘`感涌上心頭，他坐在地上，創(chuàng)作了那首著名的曲子《高山流水》。伯牙握住老師的手，喃喃地說：“我們可以從大自然中獲得靈感?！备呖碱}型組合練35提示：帶★的文章和單元主題相關(guān)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(★)John“Charlie”Veron—widelyknownas“theGodfatherofCoralReef(珊瑚礁)”—isacelebratedexpertwhohaspersonallydiscoverednearlyaquarteroftheworld’scoralspeciesandhasspentthepast45yearsdivingAustralia’sGreatBarrierReef.Butnowthe73-year-oldisraisingthealarmaboutitsfuture.TheGreatBarrierReef，oneofthenaturalwonders，is2,300kilometerslongandistheonlylivingorganismthatcanbeseenfromspace.ItisconsideredaWorldTreasureSiteduetoitsbiodiversity(生物多樣性)with30speciesofwhales，dolphinsandsharks.Withinthereefitself，therearealsoanumberoftinyorganismsandfishes.However，itshealthisthreatened.Aftertherecentmassbleaching(白化)events，VerondivedinmanyareasoftheGreatBarrierReeftoseethedamageforhimself.“Iwasseeingandfeelingitanditwasabsolutelyshocking，”hesays.Veronsaysthemassbleachingeventsinthepastfewyears—andthepossibilityoflosingoneofnature’sgreatesttreasures—wereawake-upcallfortheworldinthewiderbattleagainstclimatechange，which，togetherwiththerisingseatemperature，isconsideredthegreatestthreatstothereef.Fortunately，earlierthisyear，theAustraliangovernmentannouncednearly400milliondollarsinnewfundingtowardsscientificprojectsdesignedtohelpthereef.TherehasbeencriticisminAustraliaabouttheslowprocessforthefunding.“Itwon’tbewasted，though，”Veronsays.“Asscientistswillbeabletocreateasortofseedbanktoprotectthespeciesuntiltheclimateisgoodenoughtorebuildthereef.Whatthescientistshopetodoistohelpnaturealongabitafterthebigcarbondioxideincreaseisoveranditstartstocomedown.”語篇解讀這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了作為寶地的大堡礁正在面臨消亡的危險。1．WhyistheGreatBarrierReefconsideredatreasuresite?A．Itisanaturalwonder.B．Itcanbeseenfromspace.C．Ithasarichvarietyofspecies.D．Itishometoagreatmanyfishes.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ItisconsideredaWorldTreasureSiteduetoitsbiodiversity(生物多樣性)with30speciesofwhales，dolphinsandsharks.”可知，大堡礁被認為是一塊寶地是因為其自身的生物多樣性。故選C。2．What’sVeron’sattitudetothefutureofthereefaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful.C．Uncertain. D．Positive.答案D解析觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Asscientistswillbeabletocreateasortofseedbanktoprotectthespeciesuntiltheclimateisgoodenoughtorebuildthereef...”可知，對于大堡礁的未來Veron持積極樂觀的態(tài)度。故選D。3．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A．Climatechangeisthreateningbiodiversity.B．TheGreatBarrierReefisindangerofextinction.C．Scientistshavefoundmajorfactorsinthereef’sbleaching.D．Veronhasmadegreatcontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.答案B解析主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了大堡礁因為其生物多樣性被認為是一塊寶地；第二、三段講述了大堡礁正在受到威脅；第四、五段介紹了澳大利亞政府為了幫助大堡礁所做的努力以及專家Veron所持的觀點態(tài)度。由此可知，本文主要介紹了大堡礁正在面臨消亡的危險，故選B。4．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport.B．Atravelguide.C．Aresearchplan.D．Ajournalentry.答案A解析文章類型題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了大堡礁作為寶地的原因、正在受到威脅的現(xiàn)狀以及政府和專家對此現(xiàn)象所持的態(tài)度。由此可推知，本文屬于新聞報道，故選A。B(★)“TowardstheeIroll，thouall-destroyingbutunconqueringwhale;tothelastIgrapplewiththee;fromhell’sheartIstabatthee;forhate’ssakeIspitmylastbreathatthee.”CaptainAhab’sdyingdeclarationofdefiance(抗爭)isamongthemostfamouspassagesinHermanMelville’snovel.Inreality，suchvictoriesofthehuntedoverthehunterwereafantasyinthecruelworldofindustrialwhaling.Thebiggestcetaceanofthemall，thebluewhale，hadallbutdisappearedfromtheSouthernOcean(南冰洋)bythetimeabanonhuntingitwasintroducedin1967.Sightingsofthelargestmammalevertoliveontheearthhadbeenrareintheregionsincethen.Notanymore.AsurveyofcoastalwatersaroundtheislandofSouthGeorgiainthesub-Antarctichashadremarkableresults.Injustoverthreeweeks，inthekrill-richwatersofwhatwasoncetheirmainfeedingground，themovementsof55AntarcticblueswererecordedbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey.Thefindingwasdescribedas“truly，trulyamazing”byonecetaceanspecialist.Itsuggeststhatwhenacomprehensiveaudit(審計)，duein2021，iscarriedout，thereisagoodchancethatthespecieswillprovetobeinfullrecoverymode，asarehumpbacksandotherwhalesinthesouthernhemisphere.In2017，theNaturalHistoryMuseumestablisheda25mskeleton(骨架)ofabluewhaleandnameditHope，intendingtoinspirenewgenerationstobuildasustainablefuture.Thereturnoftheworld’smostsplendidoceantravellerstosouthernwatersshouldserveasanexampleforwiderpossibilitiesofconservation.Ecologicalwrongscanberighted，oratleastmitigated，withsufficientwillandorganisations.Themoregeneralcomebackofthewhale—forwhichenvironmentalcampaignersshouldtakeagreatdealofcredit—canbeaninspirationforvictoriesyettobewon.Itcouldalsoactasanaddedmotivationtoactionontheclimateemergency.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了經(jīng)過人類多年的努力，藍鯨正在逐步回歸海洋。5．What’stheauthor’spurposeofmentioningthefamouspassageinHermanMelville’snovel?A．Todescribeahunter’sbravery.B．Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C．Tostressthepopularityofthenovel.D．Toofferinformationaboutwhalehunting.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段末句以及第二段首句可知，小說中獵物的勝利令人激動，而現(xiàn)實中鯨魚被工業(yè)化捕殺迫害嚴重，由此可推知，作者提到赫爾曼·麥爾維爾的小說中的這一橋段是為了引出本文要討論的話題。故選B。6．Whywasa25mskeletonofabluewhalenamedHope?A．Toattracttouriststovisitthemuseum.B．Toshowtheunkindnessofwhalehunters.C．Tomotivatehumanstoliveharmoniouslywithnature.D．Tocallonpeopletopayattentiontothebluewhales’habitat.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段可知，一具25米長的藍鯨骨架被命名為“希望”是為了激勵人類與自然和諧相處，建設(shè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的未來。故選C。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigated”inparagraph6probablymean?A．Developed. B．Promoted.C．Reduced. D．Solved.答案C解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Ecologicalwrongscanberighted，oratleast”以及后文“withsufficientwillandorganisations”可知，只要有足夠的意愿和組織，生態(tài)錯誤是可以被糾正的，或者至少是可以減輕的。由此推斷畫線詞“mitigated”意為“減少”，與reduced同義，故選C。8．What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A．TheBlueWhales’ComebackB．TheCrueltyofIndustrialWhalingC．TheImportanceofProtectingWhalesD．TheSustainableDevelopmentoftheAntarcticArea答案A解析標題歸納題。通讀全文尤其是第四段和最后一段可知，文章主要介紹了經(jīng)過多年的努力，藍鯨正在逐步回歸海洋，這也激勵人類繼續(xù)保護環(huán)境。A選項“藍鯨的回歸”為本文最佳標題。故選A。CQuantumtheory(量子理論)isperhapsthemostsuccessfulscientificideaever.Yet，acenturyafteritsbirth，somethingremainsdeeplypuzzlingaboutquantumtheory.Itdoesnottellushowphysicalsystemsbehave.Instead，ittreatsanyphysicalsystemasablackbox：ifyoudothistoitnow，itwillreactlikethatlater.Whathappensinbetween？Thetheorysimplydoesn’ttellus.Anideahasrecentlybeguntocatchon.Perhapsthereisnoneedtomakeanythingupaboutwhatliesbehindquantumtheory.Perhapsitreallydoesrevealtousthedeepstructureofreality，whereapropertyisnomorethansomethingthataffectssomethingelse.Perhapsthisispreciselywhat“properties”are：theeffectsofinteractions.Thinkofasimpleobjectsuchasablueteacup.Itsbeingblueisnotapropertyofthecupalone：colorshappeninourbrainasaresultofthecertainbiologicalstructureofoureyesandasaconsequenceoftheinteractionsbetweendaylightandthecup’ssurface.Itsbeing“ateacup”referstoitspotentialfunctionasadrinkingcontainer：foranalienwhodoesn’tknowaboutdrinkingtea，theveryconceptofateacupismeaningless.Asquantumtheoryshows：theyaredefinedbytheirphysicalinteractionswiththerestoftheworld.Then，itcomeswithalesson.Weunderstandrealitybetterifwethinkofitintermsofinteractions，notindividuals.Thisiswhy，inclassicgametheory，thewinnersinthelongrunarethosewhocooperate.Toofoolishlywemeasuresuccessintermsofanindividual’sfortunes.Itmisunderstandsthetruenatureofreality，andisultimatelyself-defeating，whichleadstounimaginableconsequenceandpreventsusfromaddressingchallengesthatallhumankindfacesasawhole.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了量子理論向我們揭示了現(xiàn)實的深層結(jié)構(gòu)以及相互作用的影響。9．Whatpossiblydoesquantumtheorytellaccordingtothetext?A．Howphysicalsystemsbehave.B．Howtotreatphysicalsystems.C．Whateffectsonehasonitself.D．Whatthestructureofrealityis.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Perhapsitreallydoesrevealtousthedeepstructureofreality，whereapropertyisnomorethansomethingthataffectssomethingelse.”可知，量子理論可能告訴我們現(xiàn)實的結(jié)構(gòu)是什么。故選D。10．Howdoestheauthorexplain“theeffectsofinteractions”？A．Bygivinganexample.B．Bymakingacomparison.C．Byquotingascientist.D．Byconductingasurvey.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thinkofasimpleobjectsuchasablueteacup...”可推知，作者通過舉例子解釋“相互作用的影響”。故選A。11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph4referto?A．Theconsequencewebear.B．Thetheoryinclassicgames.C．Thefortuneindividualshave.D．Thewaytomeasuresuccess.答案D解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Toofoolishlywemeasuresuccessintermsofanindividual’sfortunes.”以及后文“misunderstandsthetruenatureofreality，andisultimatelyself-defeating，whichleadstounimaginableconsequence”可知，用個人的財富來衡量成功太愚蠢了，它誤解了現(xiàn)實的本質(zhì)，最終會弄巧成拙，導(dǎo)致難以想象的后果。故It指的是上文提到