Unit 1　Section Ⅴ　Using Language (2)-Reading for Writing 教案 高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

SectionⅤUsingLanguage(2)—ReadingforWritingActivity1Readfordetails[細(xì)節(jié)把握]1．WhydidQianXuesencomebacktoChina?A．Hewantedtoservehiscountry.B．HemetwithdifficultiesinAmerica.C．HewasaheroinChina.D．Hemissedhisfamily.答案A2．WhatmadeQianXuesensocreativeandoutstandingaccordingtothepassage?A．Hisstronginterestinartlikemusicanddrawing.B．HisresearchintheUnitedStates.C．Hisfriends’encouragement.D．Hishabitofreadingalot.答案A3．HowwasHawking’sowntheoryprovedcorrect?A．FredHoyleadmittedthemistakehimself.B．Heworkedwithotherstoproveittrue.C．HepointedoutandcorrectedFredHoyle’smistakeinthemaths.D．Hawkingwasthemostfamousscientistinphysicsatthemoment.答案C4．Whatdoestheword“holds”inthesentence“Thefirstwasthesteadystatetheory，whichholdsthattheuniversehasnobeginningorend.”mean?A．Gets. B．Points.C．Closes. D．Declares.答案D5．WhathelpedHawkinginhisfightagainstthedisease?A．Cleverness. B．Dreams.C．Determination. D．Mistakes.答案CActivity2Readforstructures[文章架構(gòu)]WhatisthestructureofthefirstpassageTheFatherofChina’sAerospace?Part1(Para.1)Briefintroductionof1.QianXuesen↓Part2(Paras.2－6)DifferentstoriestoshowQian’soutstanding2.qualities↓Part3(Para.7)Qian’s3.deathActivity3Readforlanguagefeatures[增分靚句]1．Findoutsentencesshowingthecharacters’determination.(找出表現(xiàn)人物決心的句子)(1)However，aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932，QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotect(protect)anddefendthecountry.(2)AfterovercomingsomedifficultiesduringhisfinalfewyearsintheUS，QianreturnedtoChinain1955.(3)Whenhewasasked“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles？”，hisreplywasadetermined“Whynot?WeChineseareabletomakethesamethingsthatotherpeoplemake.”2．Findoutsentencesshowingthecharacters’personalities.(找出表現(xiàn)人物性格的句子)(1)Besidesbeingbrilliant，hewasbrave，thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay，andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.Furthermore，hewasquitedetermined.(2)Aboveall，Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.Ⅰ.補(bǔ)句子析結(jié)構(gòu)1．DescribedbytheauthorsoftheStoryofQianXuesenasamanwith“greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit”whowaspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffort，achievement，anddevotion，Qianwasanextremelywell-respectedman.(P7第一篇Para.1)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，DescribedbytheauthorsoftheStoryofQianXuesenasaman...devotion是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其中who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞aman。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：錢學(xué)森備受人們的尊敬，《錢學(xué)森的故事》一書(shū)的作者稱他是一位具有“偉大科學(xué)思想和科學(xué)精神”的人，并且熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)、勤勉努力、甘于奉獻(xiàn)、成就斐然。2．However，aftertheSonghuBattlebroke(break)outin1932，Qianmadethedecisiontoswitch(switch)hismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotect(protect)anddefendthecountry.(P7第一篇Para.2)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，after引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，because引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，作動(dòng)詞realised的賓語(yǔ)。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：不過(guò)，1932年淞滬抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后，錢學(xué)森意識(shí)到中國(guó)需要建設(shè)強(qiáng)大的空軍來(lái)保衛(wèi)國(guó)家，因此決定改學(xué)航空專業(yè)。3．Afterovercomingsomedifficulties(difficulty)duringhisfinalfewyearsintheUS，QianreturnedtoChinain1955.(P8第一篇Para.4)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是簡(jiǎn)單句，Afterovercoming...是介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：留學(xué)美國(guó)的最后幾年，錢學(xué)森克服困難，于1955年回到中國(guó)。4．Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoits(it)spaceandmissileprogramme.(P8第一篇Para.4)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是簡(jiǎn)單句，received和wasput是兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)，developing...是動(dòng)詞-ing形式作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：他受到了祖國(guó)英雄般的歡迎，受命發(fā)展中國(guó)的火箭科學(xué)以及航天和導(dǎo)彈項(xiàng)目。5．Whenhewasasked(ask)“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles？”，hisreplywasadetermined(determine)“Whynot？WeChineseareabletomakethesamethingsthatotherpeoplemake.”(P8第一篇Para.4)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：有人問(wèn)他：“我們中國(guó)人有可能制造出導(dǎo)彈嗎？”他的回答十分堅(jiān)定：“有什么不能的，外國(guó)人能造出來(lái)的，我們中國(guó)人同樣能造得出來(lái)?！?．UnderQian’sleadership，ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles，followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.(P8第一篇Para.5)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是簡(jiǎn)單句，followedby...是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：在錢學(xué)森的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)研制出了“東風(fēng)”導(dǎo)彈，緊接著又研制出第一代“長(zhǎng)征”系列火箭。7．BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhouspacecraftscanalsobetraced(trace)backtoQian’sresearch，Qianearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace”.(P8第一篇Para.5)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，because引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：由于“神舟”系列飛船的大部分技術(shù)也可追根溯源到錢學(xué)森的研究，因此錢學(xué)森被譽(yù)為“中國(guó)航天之父”。8．Mostpeoplearefamiliarwithimagesofhiminhiswheelchair，unabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.(P8第二篇Para.1)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是簡(jiǎn)單句，unabletomove是形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，usingacomputertotalk是動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：大多數(shù)人都很熟悉他坐在輪椅上無(wú)法動(dòng)彈、只能通過(guò)電腦來(lái)說(shuō)話的樣子。9．Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolose(lose)theuseofmostofhismuscles，hisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.(P8第二篇Para.1)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，since引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，which引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞adisease。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎縮無(wú)力，他的世界變成一個(gè)抽象思維的世界。10．Hawkingfirstachievedfamewhenhewasstillhealthyenoughtowalk(walk)，asagraduatestudentinphysicsatCambridgeUniversityin1964.(P8第二篇Para.2)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：霍金最早成名于1964年，當(dāng)時(shí)他身體健康，行動(dòng)自如，是劍橋大學(xué)物理學(xué)研究生。11．Thefirstwasthesteadystatetheory，whichholdsthattheuniversehasnobeginning(begin)orend.(P8第二篇Para.2)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，whichholdsthattheuniverse...是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且在該從句中包含that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：第一個(gè)是穩(wěn)恒態(tài)理論，認(rèn)為宇宙無(wú)始無(wú)終。12．Theotherwasthebigbangtheory，whichholdsthattheuniversebeganatasinglepointintimeandspace.(P8第二篇Para.2)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，which引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thebigbangtheory，that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，作動(dòng)詞holds的賓語(yǔ)。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：另一個(gè)是大爆炸理論，認(rèn)為宇宙始于時(shí)空中的一個(gè)點(diǎn)。13．DuringthequestionandanswerperiodafteroneofHoyle’slectures(lecture)，HawkingstoodupandpointedoutthatHoylehadmadeamistakeinhismaths.(P8第二篇Para.2)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，stoodup和pointedout是并列謂語(yǔ)，thatHoylehadmadeamistakeinhismaths是賓語(yǔ)從句，從屬連詞that可省略。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：在霍伊爾的一次講座中，霍金在問(wèn)答環(huán)節(jié)站了起來(lái)，指出霍伊爾教授計(jì)算有誤。14．Oncethemathswascorrected(correct)，itshowedthatthebigbangtheory—andnotthesteadystatetheory—wastrue.(P8第二篇Para.2)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，once引導(dǎo)的是狀語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，從屬連詞that可省略。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：錯(cuò)誤糾正之后顯示大爆炸理論而非穩(wěn)恒態(tài)理論是正確的。15．Besidesbeing(be)brilliant，hewasbrave，thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.(P9第二篇Para.3)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，thoughsometimescareless是狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，完整形式是thoughhewassometimescareless。whathesaidordid是賓語(yǔ)從句，作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：除了才華橫溢之外，他還是一個(gè)勇敢的人，盡管有時(shí)候言行舉止比較隨意。16．Hewaswillingtosay(say)whatotherswereafraidtosay，andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.(P9第二篇Para.3)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，whatotherswereafraidtosay和whatotherswereafraidtodreamabout是賓語(yǔ)從句。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：他敢說(shuō)別人不敢說(shuō)的話，做別人不敢做的夢(mèng)。Ⅱ.研典句學(xué)用法過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)BorninShanghaiin1911，QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.(P7第一篇Para.2)錢學(xué)森1911年生于上海，在北京上學(xué)，后來(lái)考入上海交通大學(xué)，學(xué)習(xí)鐵道機(jī)械工程。結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是簡(jiǎn)單句，BorninShanghaiin1911是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，tostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering是不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)?！?及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作；不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)只表示完成的動(dòng)作。?過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致。?有的過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成了形容詞，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示動(dòng)作而是表示主語(yǔ)的一種狀態(tài)?！?1)(讀后續(xù)寫之情緒描寫)既害怕又沮喪，簡(jiǎn)坐在一棵樹(shù)旁，緊緊地用雙臂抱住肩膀讓自己暖和點(diǎn)。Scaredandfrustrated，Janesatbesideatreeandheldhershouldersinherarmstightlytomakeherselfwarm.(2)(應(yīng)用文寫作之邀請(qǐng)信)很高興得知你對(duì)剪紙感興趣，我寫信邀請(qǐng)你參加我們學(xué)校下周日舉行的剪紙展覽會(huì)。Delightedtolearnthatyouareinterestedinpaper-cutting，Iamwritingtoinviteyoutoattendapaper-cuttingexhibitiontobeheldinourschoolnextSunday.(3)受到他的善舉的鼓舞，我決定將來(lái)幫助更多的人，使我們的世界更美好、更溫暖。Inspiredbyhisactofkindness，Ideterminedtohelpmorepeopleinthefuturetomakeourworldmorebeautifulandmuchwarmer.what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句However，whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings，suchasmusicanddrawing.(P8第一篇Para.6)然而，他之所以能成為一名如此杰出、富有創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家，可能是因?yàn)樗麑?duì)音樂(lè)、繪畫(huà)等其他事物的濃厚興趣。結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，連接代詞what引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，what在從句中作主語(yǔ)，意為“……的事情”?！B接代詞what除引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句外，還可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，意為“什么”“……的事”“……的地方”“什么的樣子”“……的時(shí)間”?！?1)我不知道我能從這個(gè)活動(dòng)中獲得什么，因此我不確定是否應(yīng)該參加。IhavenoideawhatIcanbenefitfromtheactivity，soIamnotsurewhetherIshouldtakepartinitornot.(2)信不信由你，我們學(xué)校建在曾是廢墟的地方。Believeitornot，ourschoolisbuiltonwhatusedtobearuin.(3)他不再是過(guò)去的樣子了，現(xiàn)在他能夠致力于學(xué)習(xí)。Heisn’twhatheusedtobeandnowhecandevotehimselftolearning.(4)(2023·天津3月，書(shū)面表達(dá))令我們印象最深刻的是我的同桌總是樂(lè)意幫助任何需要幫助的人。Whatimpressesusmostisthatmydeskmatealwayswillinglyoffersahandtowhoeverneedshelp.(5)(讀后續(xù)寫之動(dòng)作描寫)在似乎一個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間之后，我的丈夫終于出現(xiàn)，我沖向前，緊緊地?fù)肀?，眼里含著淚水。Afterwhatseemedlikeacentury，myhusbandfinallyarrivedandIdashedforwardandhuggedhimtightly，withmyeyesfilledwithtears.本單元的寫作目標(biāo)是“發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)”，要求就科學(xué)家的精神進(jìn)行分析并針對(duì)科學(xué)家的生活、工作和學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)生的故事發(fā)表自己的看法。文章應(yīng)有一定的人物描寫，主要是介紹某科學(xué)家的基本信息及其事跡。1．Bornin...in...，...attendedschoolsin...……年生于……，……在……上學(xué)。2．He/Shewasanoutstandingman/womanwiththenameof...他/她是名字叫……的杰出男性/女性。3．...isoneofthemostoutstandingandgiftedscientists.……是最杰出且最有天賦的科學(xué)家之一。4．...studiedatalocalhighschoolandgraduatedfrom...……在一所當(dāng)?shù)馗咧袑W(xué)習(xí)，畢業(yè)于……5．...issuchalearned/strong-willed/devotedpersonthatwealladmire/respect...……是如此博學(xué)的/意志堅(jiān)定的/盡職的人，我們都?xì)J佩/尊敬……6．...devotedallhis/herlifetothework.……終生致力于工作。7．...madegreatcontributionstoourcountry.……為我們的國(guó)家做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。8．...washighlythoughtofbymanypeople.許多人對(duì)……做出了高度評(píng)價(jià)。9．...willliveintheheartsofusforever.……將永遠(yuǎn)活在我們心中。牛頓是世界著名的科學(xué)家，關(guān)于他的故事有很多，其中有一個(gè)牛頓煮雞蛋的故事。有一次為他做飯的仆人外出，讓牛頓自己煮雞蛋，由于太投入于工作，牛頓煮的是他的懷表而不是雞蛋。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)牛頓煮雞蛋的故事，以“AStoryofNewton”為題寫一篇文章，并據(jù)此發(fā)表一下自己對(duì)科學(xué)精神的看法。注意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。第一步審題謀篇第二步遣詞造句核心詞匯(含本單元詞匯)1．最杰出且最有天賦的themostoutstandingandgifted2．投入于bedevotedto3．煮雞蛋cooktheeggs4．不僅……而且……notonly...butalso...5．如此……以至于so...that...6．不是……而是……not...but...7．與……相聯(lián)系belinkedto/with連詞成句(含本單元句型)1．牛頓是最杰出且最有天賦的科學(xué)家之一。Newtonisoneofthemostoutstandingandgiftedscientists.2．牛頓是如此投入以至于他經(jīng)常在日常生活中忘卻小事。(so...that...)Newtonwassodevotedthatheoftenforgotthelittlethingsinhisdailylife.3．一個(gè)仆人為牛頓做飯。AservantcookedforNewton.4．他想要出去。Hewantedtogoout.5．他讓牛頓自己煮雞蛋。HeaskedNewtontocooktheeggshimself.6．當(dāng)仆人回來(lái)時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)正在鍋里煮的不是雞蛋而是一只懷表。Whentheservantcameback，hefoundthatnoteggsbutapocketwatchwasbeingcookedinthepot.7．杰出科學(xué)家的成功與投入有密切聯(lián)系。Thesuccessofoutstandingscientistsiscloselylinkedtodevotion.第三步句式升級(jí)1．請(qǐng)用倒裝句升級(jí)句2。SodevotedwasNewtonthatheoftenforgotthelittlethingsinhisdailylife.2．請(qǐng)用定語(yǔ)從句和現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)合并句3、句4和句5。AservantwhocookedforNewtonwantedtogoout，askingNewtontocooktheeggshimself.3．用what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句和that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句改寫句6。Whentheservantcameback，whathefoundwasthatnoteggsbutapocketwatchwasbeingcookedinthepot.第四步組句成篇用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)，把以上詞匯和句式，再加上聯(lián)想內(nèi)容，組成一篇80個(gè)詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。參考范文AStoryofNewtonNewtonisoneofthemostoutstandingandgiftedscientists.SodevotedwasNewtonthatheoftenforgotthelittlethingsinhisdailylife.Once，aservantwhocookedforNewtonwantedtogoout，askingNewtontocooktheeggshimself.However，whentheservantcameback，whathefoundwasthatnoteggsbutapocketwatchwasbeingcookedinthepot.Fromthestorywecanlearnthesuccessofoutstandingscientistsiscloselylinkedtodevotion.Thereisnodenyingthatheishighlythoughtofbymanypeopleandhewillliveintheheartsofusforever.

訓(xùn)練7ReadingforWriting(A)(分值：45分)Ⅰ.完成句子(介紹“雜交水稻之父”——袁隆平)(共5小題；每小題4分，滿分20分)1．作為“雜交水稻之父”而著名，袁隆平終生致力于研究水稻。Knownas“thefatherofhybridrice”，YuanLongpingdevotedhiswholelifetostudyingrice.2．我們從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)比他更杰出的農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家了。Wehaveneverseenamoreoutstandingagriculturalscientistthanhim.3．他相信他所做的事情，即使遇到數(shù)不清的困難，他也絕不屈服。Hebelievedinwhathehadbeendoingandevenifencounteringcountlessdifficulties，hewouldnevergivein.4．在他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，越來(lái)越多的年輕人負(fù)責(zé)雜交水稻的研究。Underhisleadership，moreandmoreyoungpeopleareinchargeoftheresearchofhybridrice.5．不幸的是，他患上了嚴(yán)重的疾病，于2021年5月22日與世長(zhǎng)辭。Unfortunately，hecamedownwithasevereillnessandpassedawayonMay22,2021.Ⅱ.閱讀理解(共4小題；每小題2.5分，滿分10分)BorninPotsdam(intheKingdomofPrussia)in1821，Helmholtzwasoneofthe19thcentury’smostknowledgeablescientists，whosenameturnsupinthehistoriesofmultiplescientificfieldsandspecialties.Asayoungster，hehadaninterestinphysics，butthatseemedafinanciallyunwisecareerchoice.Hewenttomedicalschoolandstudiedphysiology(生理學(xué))instead，becausehewasdrawntootherswhopromotedthepointthatphysiologyshouldbebasedontheprinciplesofchemistryandphysics，notthe“vitalforces”thathadbeenpopularlyemphasizedpreviously.Afterearninghismedicaldegree，HelmholtzservedasanarmysurgeonbeforebecomingprofessorofphysiologyattheUniversityofK?nigsberg.Duringthattime，hecomposedagroundbreakingpaperontheconservationofenergy，whichmadehimagoodreputationinsciencecommunity.Hismainargumentisthatallsciencecanbereducedtomechanics.ItisemphasizedthatNewtonianmechanicsandLagrangianmechanicsaremathematicallyequivalent(相等的)，soaforcecanbemeasuredbytheLaplacemethodintermsoftheenergytransferredbytheforceortheworkdonebytheforce.Allofthisenergyisconserved.WhileatK?nigsberg，hestudiedthenervoussystem，optics(光學(xué))andacoustics(聲學(xué))，especiallywithregardtothephysiologyofthesenses.ThenhemovedontotheUniversityofBonnasprofessorofanatomy(解剖學(xué))andphysiology.AftersometimeattheUniversityofHeidelberg，wherehebecameinterestedinphilosophy，in1871hewasawardedthephysicschairattheUniversityofBerlin.Atlasthecouldfocusonphysics，emphasizingtheimportanceoftheprincipleofleastactionforexplainingphysicalphenomena.HealsoexploredthebranchesofMaxwell’snewtheory.Bythistime，hewasrecognizedasoneofGermany’spremierscientists，untilhisdeathin1894.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Helmholtz作為一名多才多藝的科學(xué)家的生平事跡。1．WhydidHelmholtzchoosetostudyphysiology?A．Hewasattractedbyadifferentviewpoint.B．Hemadethechoiceforeconomicdifficulty.C．Hewouldliketomakehimselfhavemoreskills.D．Hepreferredphysiologytochemistryandphysics.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Hewenttomedicalschoolandstudiedphysiology(生理學(xué))instead，becausehewasdrawntootherswhopromotedthepointthatphysiologyshouldbebasedontheprinciplesofchemistryandphysics，notthe‘vitalforces’thathadbeenpopularlyemphasizedpreviously.”可知，Helmholtz選擇生理學(xué)專業(yè)的原因是他被不同于以前的觀點(diǎn)所吸引。故選A。2．WhatmadeHelmholtzpopularamongscientists?A．Hisdegreeinmedicalscience.B．Histalentinchemistryandphysics.C．Hisachievementsasanarmysurgeon.D．Hispaperontheconservationofenergy.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Duringthattime，hecomposedagroundbreakingpaperontheconservationofenergy，whichmadehimagoodreputationinsciencecommunity.”可知，Helmholtz關(guān)于能量守恒的論文使他在科學(xué)界很受歡迎。故選D。3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutHelmholtzfromthelastparagraph?A．HeprovedMaxwell’snewtheory.B．Hewasafamousphilosopher.C．Hedevotedhisrestlifetophysicalresearch.D．HewasaphysicalprofessoratK?nigsberg.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“AftersometimeattheUniversityofHeidelberg，wherehebecameinterestedinphilosophy，in1871hewasawardedthephysicschairattheUniversityofBerlin.Atlasthecouldfocusonphysics，emphasizingtheimportanceoftheprincipleofleastactionforexplainingphysicalphenomena.”可推知，Helmholtz把他的余生獻(xiàn)給了物理研究。故選C。4．WhichwordscanbestdescribeHelmholtz?A．Energeticandcaring.B．All-roundanddetermined.C．Humorousandcourageous.D．Knowledgeableandbrave.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Afterearninghismedicaldegree，HelmholtzservedasanarmysurgeonbeforebecomingprofessorofphysiologyattheUniversityofK?nigsberg.”以及本段最后一句和第三段首句可知，Helmholtz是全能的，即all-round；根據(jù)最后一段的“Atlasthecouldfocusonphysics，emphasizingtheimportanceoftheprincipleofleastactionforexplainingphysicalphenomena.”可知，Helmholtz從對(duì)物理學(xué)感興趣到余生一直研究物理學(xué)，可推出他是有決心的，即determined。故選B。Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫作(滿分15分)李時(shí)珍是我國(guó)古代偉大的醫(yī)學(xué)家。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)，用英文給校英文報(bào)寫篇文章投稿：1．李時(shí)珍于1518年7月3日出生于湖北省，在家人的影響下，他對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)產(chǎn)生了興趣。2．他讀了大量的醫(yī)學(xué)書(shū)籍，為尋草藥他去了很多地方，拜訪了很多人，甚至以身試藥，歷時(shí)27年完成巨著《本草綱目》。3．李時(shí)珍于1593年逝世，他因?qū)κ澜玑t(yī)學(xué)所做出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)而名垂后世。參考詞匯：《本草綱目》CompendiumofMateriaMedica注意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考范文BorninHubeiProvinceonJuly3,1518，LiShizhenwasoneofthemostoutstandingmedicalscientists.Undertheinfluenceofhisfamily，hewascrazyaboutmedicine.Hewascommittedtoreadingcountlessbooksaboutmedicine.Tofindcertainherbs，notonlydidhevisitmanyplacesbuthealsocalledonplentyofpeople.Heevendidexperimentsonhimself.Finally，ittookhim27yearstocreatethegreatestworkCompendiumofMateriaMedica，whichisacollectionofChineseherbs.Hediedin1593，buthewillliveintheheartsofusforeverforhiscontributionstotheworldmedicine.

訓(xùn)練8ReadingforWriting(B)(分值：32.5分)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)AJuly2023wastheworld’swarmestmonthonrecord，accordingtotheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization.AsheatwaveshadspreadacrossNorthAmerica，AsiaandEurope，UNSecretaryGeneralAntonioGuterressaidinaspeechthattheplanetisenteringan“eraofglobalboiling”．Howtocooltheplanethaslongbeenatroublingquestionforscientists.Theyarenowturningtosun-blockingtechnology，whichreferstoreflectingsunlightbackintospaceinordertokeepdownthetemperatureoftheplanet’sclimate.AccordingtoEuronews，aEuropeantelevisionnewsnetwork，oneideainvolvespumpingsun-blockingparticles(粒子)intotheupperatmosphere.Theparticleswillthenstayintheairandredirectsunshinebackupwards.ItislikeapplyingsunscreenontheoutsideofEarth.ResearchersatYaleUniversity，theUS，outlinedaplantouse125high-flyingplanestospreadtheparticlesatlatitudes(緯度)of60degreesnorthandsouth.Theparticleswillthentraveltowardthepoles，whichcouldpossiblycoolthetemperaturethereby2℃.Inthefuture，theplanescouldbeusedtorefreezethepoles，saidtheresearchers.Anotherverypromisingtechniqueiscalled“cloudbrightening”，accordingtoChrisSacca，aUSclimateexpert.Thismethodinvolvessendingseasaltparticlesintocloudsabovethesea，makingthemwhiterandthusreflectmoresunlightbackintospace.InJune，theUSgovernmentannouncedinareportthatitisnowofferingsupportforsolarengineeringresearchasawaytoslowtheriseofglobaltemperatures.Accordingtothereport，theUSgovernmentbelievesthatthetechnology“offersthepossibilityofcoolingtheplanetsignificantlyonatimescaleofafewyears”．However，followingthereport，anopenletterbymorethan60scientistscalledforcautionandmoreresearchfirst.KristenRasmussen，aclimatescientistatColoradoStateUniversity，theUS，hasbeenstudyinghowthesesun-blockingmethodswillaffectrainfallpatterns.Shesaidthatapartfromrainfall，ecosystemsandevenhumancommunitieswillalsobeaffected.“Weneedtobeverycautiousonthis，”RasmussentoldScientificAmerican.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的方法——使用遮陽(yáng)技術(shù)，即將太陽(yáng)光反射回太空以降低地球的溫度。1．Whichsolutionisusedtodealwithglobalwarmingaccordingtothetext?A．Absorbingthesunlightcomingfromthesun.B．Reflectingthesunlightbackintothespace.C．UsingsunscreenonthesurfaceoftheEarth.D．Applyingadvancedtechnologytoweathercontrol.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，用于應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的一個(gè)方案是：將陽(yáng)光反射回太空。故選B。2．Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriteragreewithaccordingtothetext?A．Thesun-blockingparticleswillcoolthetemperatureatthepolesto2℃.B．Theseasaltparticleswillreflectthesunlightbackintotheplanet.C．TheUSgovernmentbelievesthatcloudbrighteningwillworkwellthisyear.D．Bothsun-blockingtechniquesareusingtheprinciplesoflightreflection.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句和第四段可推知，這兩種遮陽(yáng)技術(shù)都利用了光反射原理。故選D。3．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthesun-blockingtechnology?A．Positive. B．Doubtful.C．Cautious. D．Objective.答案D解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文尤其是最后一段可知，文章引用不同專家的觀點(diǎn)客觀介紹了這種技術(shù)，并沒(méi)有提到作者的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，由此可推知，作者對(duì)此技術(shù)的態(tài)度是客觀的，故選D。4．Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Atraveljournal.B．Anewsreport.C．Asciencemagazine.D．Astorycollection.答案C解析文章出處題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段可知，文章主要介紹了應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的方法——使用遮陽(yáng)技術(shù)，即將太陽(yáng)光反射回太空以降低地球的溫度，由此可推知，這與科學(xué)有關(guān)，文章可能選自科學(xué)雜志，故選C。BAteamofstudentsintheNetherlandshasdesignedandbuiltatoughcarthat’scompletelypoweredbythesun.Thecar，calledStellaTerra，isthefirstsolar-poweredcarthatcantraveloff-roadforlongdistanceswithoutneedingarechargingstation.StudentsatEindhovenUniversityofTechnologyintheNetherlandshavebeenworkingonsolar-poweredcarsforyears.Inordertocreateacarthatcoulddealwiththekindoftoughdriving，thestudentshadtodesigntheentirecar，fromtoptobottom.Ontop，ofcourse，werethesolarpanels(電池板)．Mostsolarpanelsareonlyabout20%efficient.Thatmeanstheywasteabout80%ofthesunlighttheyget.ButtheStellaTerra’ssolarpanelsare97%efficient.Theywastefarlesssunlightthaneventhebestsolarpanelsyoucanbuy.StellaTerracancarrytwopeople，andhasatopspeedof90mph.Thecarweighsjust2,600pounds.That’sabouttwo-thirdstheweightofatypicalcar.Onthebottom，theteamdesignedasuspension(懸掛)systemtohelpthecardealwiththebumps(顛簸)andheavyshakingthatcomewhendrivingoverbumpysurfaces.Theteamrecentlytookthecaronitsbiggesttest—achallenging620-mile(about1,000-kilometer)testdriveacrossMorocco.Thecarhadtotravelthroughforestsaswellasdryriverbeds.Ithadtodriveacrossdesertsandandupmountainroads.Thecarsucceededindoingallofthis—andallwithouteverstoppingatachargingstation.Theteamisveryproudoftheircar，buttheywon’tbeupsetifcarcompaniesstarttocopytheirideas.Infact，theyhopethattheStellaTerrawillhelpinspirecarcompaniestoworkonsimilarprojects.Butdespitetheirsuccess，thestudentsthinkitwilltakefivetotenyearsbeforecarcompaniesareabletobuildasimilarcar.“Wearepushingthetechnologyforward，”saidWisseBos，theteam’smanager.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了荷蘭的一組學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)并制造了一輛完全由太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)的越野汽車。5．WhatdoweknowaboutStellaTerra?A．Itisaself-drivingcar.B．Ithashighenergyefficiency.C．Itisthefirstsolar-poweredcar.D．Itisnotallowedtorunontheroad.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“ButtheStellaTerra’ssolarpanelsare97%efficient.Theywastefarlesssunlightthaneventhebestsolarpanelsyoucanbuy.”可知，StellaTerra具有很高的效能。故選B。6．Whateffectdoesthesuspensionsystemhaveonthecar?A．Itincreasesthecar’sspeed.B．Itreducesthecar’sweight.C．Itmakesthecarrunsmoothly.D．Itimprovesthecar’senergyefficiency.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“Onthebottom，theteamdesignedasuspension(懸掛)systemtohelpthecardealwiththebumps(顛簸)andheavyshakingthatcomewhendrivingoverbumpysurfaces.”可知，懸掛系統(tǒng)能夠使汽車平穩(wěn)行駛。故選C。7．Howdothestudentsrespondtocarcompanies’copyingtheirideas?A．Theyareworriedaboutit.B．Theyareprotectiveoftheirdesign.C．Theyareplanningtore-evaluatetheirdesign.D．Theyarehappytoseecarcompaniesadopttheirideas.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Theteamisveryproudoftheircar，buttheywon’tbeupset...carcompaniestoworkonsimilarprojects.”可知，他們樂(lè)于看到汽車公司采用他們的想法。故選D。8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Solar-PoweredCarsHaveaLongHistoryB．StudentsCreateaToughSolar-PoweredCarC．Solar-PoweredCarsAretheFutureofTransportationD．EfficientSolar-PoweredCarsHaveReachedCustomers答案B解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了荷蘭的一組學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)并制造了一輛完全由太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)的越野汽車。因此，這篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題是B項(xiàng)“學(xué)生們創(chuàng)造了一輛堅(jiān)固的太陽(yáng)能汽車”。故選B。Ⅱ.七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，共12.5分)HowWeGardenSomeofusarechallengedwhenitcomestogardening.Wesometimesworrytoomuchaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkaboutourgardens.Themostimportantthingtorememberwhenyou’recreatingyourowngardenisthatitreall