2019-2020學(xué)年高中英語 Unit 4 Exploring plants 第四單元測評 新人教版選修9

PAGEPAGE20第四單元測評(總分:150分時間:120分鐘)第Ⅰ卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。M:ProfessorLeeaskedustofinishreadingthebooktonight.W:Oh,that’llbealotofwork.1.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theirhomework.B.Theirprofessor.C.Theirreadinghabits.答案:AM:IfwegotoLondonbybus,it’lltakeusthreehours.W:Yes,butit’sonlytwohoursbytrain.2.HowlongdoesittaketoLondonbytrain?A.1hour.B.2hours.C.3hours.答案:BW:Goodmorning,Dr.Brown.M:Hello,Mrs.Smith.Who’syourvisitor?W:Oh,thisismydaughter,Kate.She’sawriterandherhusbandisateacher.3.WhatdoesKatedo?A.Sheisateacher.B.Sheisawriter.C.Sheisavisitor.答案:BW:Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?M:Yes,I’dlikeadoubleroom.W:Howmanynightsdoyouplantostay?M:Three.I’llbecheckingoutonFridaymorning.4.Whenisthemancheckingin?A.Friday. B.Thursday. C.Tuesday.答案:CM:Whyareyousobusywithyourprojectnow?W:I’mafraidthatJohnwillexpectmetohelphimwithhislatepaper.M:Youshouldjusttellhimthatyou’renotgoingto.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.SheshouldrefusetoassistJohn.B.Johnwillnotwritethepaper.C.John’safraidthathewillfinishhispaperlate.答案:A第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,每個小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6至8題。M:Hello,thisisKen.MayIspeaktoAndy?W:I’mafraidAndyisn’tinatthemoment.He’sgonetothesupermarket.CouldItakeamessage?M:Great!CanyouremindAndythatwe’remeetingtomorrowatthreeo’clock?W:OK.Doesheknowwherethemeetingis?M:Tellhimwe’llbemeetinginthecornerofficedowntown.W:Yes,cornerofficedowntown.Isthereanythingelse?M:I’llleavemytelephonenumberjustincasehedoesn’thaveit.W:OK,I’mready.M:Mycellphonenumberis439-908-7754.W:That’s439-808-7754.M:No,it’s439-908-7754.W:OK,I’llmakesureAndyseesthisassoonashecomesback.M:Thankyou.Goodbye.W:Goodbye.6.WhyisKencalling?A.Toaskabouttheaddressforthemeeting.B.Toaskaboutthetimeforthemeeting.C.ToremindAndyofthemeeting.答案:C7.WhereisAndy?A.Inhisoffice.B.Inthesupermarket.C.Inthedowntown.答案:B8.WhatisKen’sphonenumber?A.439-808-7754.B.493-908-7754.C.439-908-7754.答案:C聽第7段材料,回答第9至11題。M:Thecarrotstasteawfulandsalty.Howdoyoulikethem?W:Ilikethemverymuch.Theyaredelicious.M:Well,youcanhaveallmycarrots.Isawyoubuysomechocolatecakes.Iamdonewiththemaincourse.It’sabouttimeforsomedessert.W:Oh,youwantmychocolatecakes?M:No,no,I’mjustthinkingofsomedessert.AndIhavehadenoughcarrots.W:Robert,carrotscontainmuchvitaminC.Itisgoodforyou.M:Iknow,butchocolatecakeisevenbetter.W:Oh,stopit!Youknowyouneedvegetables.Youwillendupfatifyoudon’twatchyourdietnow.M:Well,actually,Idon’tmindeatingcarrots.Butchocolatecakesaremuchbetter.YouknowIwasbornwithasweettooth.9.Whichofthefollowingistheman’sfavoritefood?A.Carrots.B.Chocolatecakes.C.Fruits.答案:B10.Whatarethetwospeakersprobablydoingnow?A.Havingameal.B.Shopping.C.Preparingfood.答案:A11.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutcarrots?A.Itisrichinfibers.B.Itcanreduceweight.C.ItcontainsmuchvitaminC.答案:C聽第8段材料,回答第12至14題。M:Welcome.W:Hi,John.Hey,you’vedoneagoodjobdecoratingthisplace,reallynice.M:Thanks,Iamgladyoulikeit.CanIgetyouadrink?W:No,thanks.Let’sgotopreparedinner.Iamgettinghungry.M:Hereisthekitchen.Iwillchoptheonions.Couldyoutakethemeatoutofthefridge?It’sinayellowplasticcontainer.W:Wow,thissmellsgood.M:Couldyouslicethosepotatoesforme,please?W:Whatarewehaving?M:Myspecialdumplings,sweetandsourporkwithpineapple,beefwithonionsandgreenpeppers,eggplantwithsoysauce,andafewsidedishesliketomatoeswithsugar.W:Soundswonderful.M:I’llstartpreparingthemeatstuffing.W:IwishIhadtherecipe.Andcouldyoutellmewhat’sinthis?M:Iwilltellyouafterdinner.12.Whereistheconversationtakingplace?A.Intheman’shouse.B.Inthewoman’shouse.C.Intheirfriend’shouse.答案:A13.Whatcolouristhemeatcontainer?A.Blue. B.Yellow. C.Red.答案:B14.Whatisthesidedishmentionedbytheman?A.Eggplantwithsoysauce.B.Porkwithpineapple.C.Tomatoeswithsugar.答案:C聽第9段材料,回答第15至17題。W:It’smyfirstvisittoPrague.I’llbehereforthreedaysforaconference,andthenIhaveadayonmyowntogosightseeing.Whatdoyousuggest?M:Therearemanyinterestingplacestosee.Theroadsarequitenarrow.Iadviseyoutotakethesubway.W:Thesubway?Butisthereasubwaystationnexttomyhotel?Ihavetogobetweentheconferencecentreandthehotelseveraltimesaday...M:Noworries.There’sasubwaystationattheconferencecentre,andabusfromyourhoteltotheconferencecentrethattakesonlyfiveminutes.W:Isitexpensivetogoonthesubway?M:Youcangetadailypassthatwillgiveyouunlimitedtravelforthewholedayforaboutsixdollars.Otherwise,youpaybytrip,whichisabout50centstotwodollarseachtrip,dependingonhowfaryougo.W:Isiteasytogetlost?M:No,no.Thereareonlytwolines:onethatgoesinacircleandonethatgoesinastraightline.15.WhyhasthewomangonetoPrague?A.Togosightseeing.B.Toattendaconference.C.Toseeafriend.答案:B16.Whydoesthemanadvisethewomantotakethesubway?A.Theroadsarenarrow.B.Itisnotconvenienttotakeabus.C.Theinterestingplacesareallveryfar.答案:A17.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Itiseasytogetlostatthesubwaystation.B.Thepaybytriponthesubwaydependsonthedistance.C.Thereisn’tasubwaystationneartheconferencecentre.答案:B聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。Goodmorning,everyone!WelcometoLongLakeCampfortheArts.Letmegiveyouthedetails.LongLakeCampfortheArtsandFineArts.Youcandesignyourperfectsummerhere,withourguidanceandleadership.Foundedin1969,LongLakeCampfortheArtsistheperfectplacetopursueyourcreativedreamsandmakelifelongfriends.CamperschooseLongLakeCampforitsperfectsizeanduniquecreativeprograms.Youwillbesupportedbyour145membersofstafftoensureyougeteverythingyouneed.Weprovideanurturingenvironmentwhereyoucanimproveyourskillsandlearncompletelynewonesatyourownpace.Thereareexcitingandchallengingclasses,numerousstageperformanceseachweek,andunlimitedstudiotime.ThecampislocatedinNewYorkStateinAdirondackPark.Thecamplastsforsevendays,fromMondaythroughtoSunday,9a.m.to2p.m.Eachweekislimitedto30campers.AtLongLakeCampfortheArts,everydayisperfect,becauseyoucancombinetheactivitiesthatyoulovewithmakingfriendsthatwilllastalifetime.Call8007677111tobookyourplace,NOW!18.WhydocamperschooseLongLakeCamp?A.Becauseofitsuniquecreativeprograms.B.Becauseofitslocation.C.Becauseofitsgoodservices.答案:A19.Howmanystaffmembersarethereatthecamp?A.89. B.30. C.145.答案:C20.WhichisNOTprovidedatthecamp?A.Excitingclasses.B.Stageperformances.C.Wonderfulmeals.答案:C第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。21.ABotany,thestudyofplants,occupiesaspecialpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge.Formanythousandsofyearsitwasafieldaboutwhichhumanshadagreatdealtolearn.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplants,butfromwhatwecanobserveofpre-industrialsocietiesthatstillexist,adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.Thisislogical.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthings,evenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeenimportanttothebenefitofpeople,notonlyforfood,butalsoforclothing,weapons,tools,dyes,medicines,shelters,andagreatmanyotherpurposes.TribeslivingtodayinthejunglesoftheAmazonrecognizehundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothem,botanyhasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchof“knowledge”atall.Unfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants,andthelessdefiniteourknowledge,andfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearose,anapple,oranorchid.Whenourancestors,livingintheMiddleEastabout10,000yearsago,discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricherharveststhenextseason,thefirstgreatstepinanewassociation(聯(lián)系)ofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthewonderofagriculture:cultivatedcrops.Fromthenon,humanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplants,ratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwild—andtheaccumulated(積累)knowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandclosecontactwithplantsinthewildwouldbegintofadeaway.21.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Earlyhumansknewnothingaboutplants.B.Earlyhumansprobablyhadextensiveknowledgeofplants.C.Earlyhumanshadlittleknowledgeofplants.D.Earlyhumansdidnotenjoythestudyofbotany.答案:B解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段倒數(shù)第二句作者認(rèn)為“adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient”,并且認(rèn)為這個結(jié)論是符合邏輯的(logical),故選B項。22.InParagraph1theunderlinedword“properties”refersto.

A.thebelongingsofearlyhumansB.thewealthofancientpeopleC.thecharacteristicsorqualitiesofplantsD.landandbuildings答案:C解析:詞義猜測題。全文出現(xiàn)property的地方有兩處,除了第一段之外,在第二段倒數(shù)第二句話還能找到。觀察其搭配,可發(fā)現(xiàn)這個詞兩處都與plants有關(guān),可猜出其意思與人類無關(guān),故選C項。23.TribeslivingtodayinthejungleoftheAmazon.

A.don’tknowanythingaboutplantsB.recognizebotanyasabranchofscienceC.firstgivethenameofbotanyD.areexpertsofplants答案:D解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段可以看出,住在亞馬遜叢林中的部落人能認(rèn)識數(shù)百種植物,并熟悉它們的屬性。故選D項。24.BForthousandsofyearshumanshaveusedherbs,rootsandotherthingsfromnaturetocuredisease.Scientistslookingfornewcuresoftenvisittraditionalhealers.Theyfindoutwhatplantsareusedinhealing.Thentheylookatwhattheplantcontains.Theyfindtheactiveingredient,whichisthechemicalintheplantthatworkstoheal.Manyofthedrugsweuse,includingaspirin,havecomefromthesenaturalmedicines.Inrecentyears,manypeopleintheUSAhavebeentakingwhatarelegallyknownasdietarysupplements.Theymaybevitaminsorminerals.Theymaybeherbsthathelpwithhealthproblems,suchasdepression.Someofthemareteas.Othersarecapsulesortablets.Theyaresoldinnaturalfoodstores,drugstores,andgroceries.Mostpeoplethinkthatbecausetheseproductsarenaturalandtheyarealsosafe.Thisisnotalwaystrue.Therearemanyplantsthatarepoisonous.Thereareothersthathavebadsideeffects.TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinepublishesmedicalresearch.Arecenteditioncalledforthegovernmenttoregulatedietarysupplements.Severaldoctorswrotetothejournalandtoldofbadexperiencespeoplehavehadwithdietarysupplements.Dietarysupplementsaren’ttestedinthesamewayasdrugs.Thereisnotalwaysproofthatthesupplementreallydoeswhatitissupposedtodo.Thereisalsoaproblemwithpurityofthesupplement.Supplementshavebeenfoundtocontainthingsthatarebadforthebody.Forexample,theCaliforniaDepartmentofPublicHealthfoundthatof260herbsgrowninChina,one-thirdcontainedheavymetals.Theyaremineralssuchasleadandmercury.Theyareverypoisonous,evenintinyamounts.24.Thescientistsstudythecuresfromthehealersinorderto.

A.findoutiftheplantispoisonousB.findoutwhatintheplantworkstocurediseaseC.lookforaspirinintheplantsD.makesurethattheplantscancuredisease答案:B解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段可知,科學(xué)家們拜訪傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)生的目的是找到哪些植物可以用來治愈疾病,然后弄清楚這些植物中到底含有什么成分,選B項。25.Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat.

A.itislegaltotakedietarysupplementsintheUnitedStatesB.supplementsaresafebecausetheyarenaturalmedicinesC.allthesupplementsarepoisonousD.noneofthesupplementshasbadsideeffects答案:A解析:推理判斷題。從第二段我們可知,在美國吃補藥是合法的。26.Theproblemwithdietarysupplementsmaybeinthat.

A.thesupplementcan’tbetestedlikedrugsB.thesupplementmaycontainsomethinguselessC.thesupplementmaybepollutedseriouslyD.thereisnoclearevidencethatthesupplementdoesworkwell答案:D解析:推理判斷題。由最后一段可知,補藥存在的問題很多,比如測試、藥效、純度等都存在一定的問題,選D項。27.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTrightaccordingtothispassage?A.Scientiststhinkherbs,rootscanbeusedtocuredisease.B.Peoplebelievedietarysupplementscontainvitaminsandminerals.C.Itisrightthatthedietarysupplementsarealwayssafe.D.Somedietarysupplementsmaybeharmfultoyourhealth.答案:C解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。一般人認(rèn)為,以草藥為主的中藥或補藥對人體沒有什么害處,但是從文章的意思和作者的觀點來看,這種看法是錯誤的,故答案選C項。A項指科學(xué)家認(rèn)為藥草和草根能用來治療疾病;B項指人們認(rèn)為補藥中含有維生素和礦物質(zhì);D項指有些補藥對你的身體有害,這些選項都和原文相符,都是正確的。28.CThemalelion’ssplendidmane(鬃毛)setshimapartfromothercats—andit’sgreatattractionfortheladies—sowhywouldhedowithoutit?Thatquestionhaspuzzledscientistssince1833,whenthefirstreportsof“maneless”lionsstreamedinfromaroundtheworld.Now,aresearchteamreportsthatlionsfromtheTsavoregionofKenyadeliberatelydelaymanegrowthtofitinwiththeregion’sharshtemperatures.JohnPatterson,ahunterandaBritishColonel,wasoneofthefirsttodocumentmanelessnessinTsavo’sfamousman-eaters.Eversince,naturalistshavedevelopedevolutionarydescriptions.SomeresearcherssuggestedthatlionslosttheirmanesbecausetheywerecaughttoomanytimesinTsavo’sthornbusheseverywhere.OthersarguedthatTsavo’saggressivelionshaveunusuallyhightestosterone(雄激素)levels,knowntocausemalepatternbaldness(禿頂)inhumans.StillotherssupposedthatTsavo’slionswereadistinctgrouporwerearelatedtoalionpicturedinprehistoriccaves,whichnolongerexisted.ButexpertThomasGnoskeattheFieldMuseuminChicago,Illinois,consideredsomethingtheseresearchersdidn’t:lionsshippedtozoosincoolerclimatesgrowlongermanes.ThismadehimwonderwhetherhottemperaturesaccountforTsavo’sthinninglions.Tofindout,Gnoskeandhiscolleaguesstudiedmuseumrecordsandconducted10yearsoffieldworkinTsavoandintheSerengeti,whichisabout10degreescooler.InanarticlepublishedonlinethismonthintheJournalofZoology,theteamreportsthatlionsintheSerengetigrowafullmanein5years—bythetimethey’rereadytobreed—butthatTsavo’slionsdon’thavemuchofmaneuntilage8,wellpasttheirreproductiveperiod.Gnoskethinkssmallermanesimproveayoung,energeticlion’sabilitytokeepcool.Bushymanesprobablyevolvedtoattractfemalesincoolerclimateswhereheatstresswasnotanissue,Gnoskesays,andlionscan’tjustturnoffthatprogram,nowthatthey’reinaplacelikeTsavo.“They’rehard-wiredtogrowamane,andthey’lldevelopaslargeamaneastheypossiblycan.”

ScientistRolandKaysoftheNewYorkStateMuseuminAlbanysaysheissurprisedbythedelayinmanedevelopment.However,heexpressesconcernabouttheaccuracyofusingfieldobservationstojudgetheageofTsavolions.GnoskesayshisteamisnowfocusingitsresearchonTsavolionswithknownbirthdates,butitwillbeachallengetokeeptrackofthewide-ranginganimalsthroughmaturity,especiallysinceradiocollarsareprohibitedinTsavo’snationalparks.28.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Studiesonrelationshipsbetweenlionsandclimates.B.Argumentsonwhythemalelionlostitsmane.C.ComparisonsoflionsinTsavoandSerengeti.D.Differentwaysofstudyingmanelessnessofmalelions.答案:B解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段內(nèi)容可知。29.GnoskedidfieldworkinSerengetimainlybecause.

A.ithasamuchlowertemperatureB.lionsinSerengetigrowafullmanein5yearsC.itiseasiertomakesureoftheaccuracyoffieldobservationD.lionsinSerengetigrowafullmanewhentheyarereadytobreed答案:A解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段內(nèi)容可知。30.Whichpartofamagazinedoyousupposethispassageistakenfrom?A.Travel.B.Science.C.Entertainment. D.History.答案:B解析:推理判斷題。對生物的研究應(yīng)發(fā)表在雜志中的科學(xué)欄目里。31.Theunderlinedwords“thatprogram”(Paragraph4)mostprobablyreferto.

A.beingobservedinfieldB.growingupandhavingbabiesC.beingcaughtinthornbushesD.growingmanestoattractfemales答案:D解析:詞義推測題。由thatprogram所在段落中的attractfemales可知,正確答案為D項。32.DScientistsdiscovered163newspeciesinSoutheastAsia’sGreaterMekongregionlastyear,butallareatriskofextinctionduetoclimatechange,theWWFsaidinareportreleasedFriday.Thenewlydiscoveredcreaturesincludeabird-eatingfrogwithfangs(毒牙),abirdthatwouldratherwalkthanflyandagecko(壁虎)whosealienappearanceinspiredthereport’stitleofCloseEncounters,theconservationgroupsaid.ThereportwasreleasedaheadofmajorUNtalksonclimatechangeinBangkoknextweek,whicharebeingheldbeforeamake-or-breaksummitinCopenhagenthisDecember.“Somespecieswillbeabletoadapttoclimatechange,andmanywillnot,potentiallyresultinginmassiveextinction,”StuartChapman,directoroftheWWFGreaterMekongprogram,saidinthereport.“Rareandendangeredspecieslikethosenewlydiscoveredareespeciallyvulnerable(易受傷害的)becauseclimatechangewillfurthershrinktheiralreadyrestrictedhabitats,”hesaid.“Thenewdiscoveriesin2010include100plants,28fish,18reptiles,14amphibians,2mammalsandabird,”theWWFreportsaid.TheareaspansCambodia,Laos,Myanmar,Thailand,VietnamandChina’sYunnanProvince.“Amongthenewspeciesisthebird-eatingfangedfrog,whichremainshiddeninaprotectedareaofThailanddespitethefactthatscientistsarestudyingtherefor40years,”thereportsaid.Thetiger-stripedpitviperwasdiscoveredaccidentallyonanislandoffthecoastofVietnamwhenascientistwaslookingforalizardandhissonpointedoutthathishandwasonarockrightnexttothesnake’sfangs.“Wecaughtthesnakeandthegeckoandtheybothprovedtobenewspecies,”researcherLeeGrismerofLaSierraUniversityinCaliforniawasquotedassayinginthereport.Theleopardgecko,foundonanotherVietnameseisland,hasthecolouringofaleopardandbizarreorange,cat-likeeyesandthinlegs.TheGreaterMekongregionhasprovedarichareaforscientists.TheWWFsaidinDecember2010thatithadfound1,068newspeciestherebetween1997and2009.32.Whatisspecialaboutthenewlydiscoveredbird?A.Itusuallywalks.B.Itlikeswalkingandflying.C.Itcaneatotherbirds.D.Itcaneatfrogs.答案:A解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段第一句可知,這種新發(fā)現(xiàn)的鳥的獨特之處是它喜歡行走,而不是飛翔。33.StuartChapmanbelievesthat.

A.mostofthenewlydiscoveredspeciescanadapttoclimatechangeB.climatechangecancausemassiveextinctionofthenewlydiscoveredspeciesC.thenewlydiscoveredspeciesarenotsovulnerabletoclimatechangeD.manyspecieshavealreadydiedoutbecauseofclimatechange答案:B解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段可知,這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)的物種很少能適應(yīng)氣候變暖,因此會出現(xiàn)大量滅絕的情況。34.WhenLeeGrismerdiscoveredthetiger-stripedpitviper,heprobablyfelt.

A.frightened B.disappointedC.excited D.puzzled答案:C解析:推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段可知,這種蛇的發(fā)現(xiàn)很偶然,而且后來被證明是一個新的物種,因此發(fā)現(xiàn)者應(yīng)該感到“驚喜”,故選excited。35.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.TheGreaterMekongregionisarichareaforscientists.B.ManyrarespeciesremaintobediscoveredintheMekongregion.C.ScientistshavediscoveredmanynewspeciesintheMekongregion.D.ClimatechangethreatensMekongnewspecies.答案:D解析:主旨大意題。由文章第一段可知,本文重點在于說明大湄公河次區(qū)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的物種面臨受氣候變暖瀕臨滅絕的危險,而不是強調(diào)新物種的發(fā)現(xiàn),故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。36.UrbanizationUntilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago.36Infact,nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural(鄉(xiāng)村的)villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.

Britainwasonlythebeginning.37Theprocessofurbanization—themigration(遷移)ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.

In1990,fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.38

Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.39Untilmoderntimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite(精英)andtheservants,labourersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.

Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.40Today,insteadofneedingninety-fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon-farmers.

A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecomeurbansocieties.E.Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.G.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.答案:36.E37.D38.B39.A40.F第三部分英語知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)41.閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Onthetopofatreewhichhadlostallitsotherleaves,twostillremainedhangingfromonebranch:OleandTrufa.Forsomereasonunknowntothem,OleandTrufahad41alltherainsandwinds.ButOleandTrufabelievedtheanswer42inthegreatlovetheyboreoneanother.Oneleafcando43foranotherwhenthewindblows,andtherainpours.44,OleencouragedTrufaateveryopportunity.

Attimesduringcoldandstormynights,Olewould45,“Mytimehascome,Trufa,butyouhangon!”

“Whatfor?”Trufaasked.“Withoutyou,mylifeis46.Ifyoufall,I’llfallwithyou.”

OnedayjustasTrufaspokethesewords,whattheytwohad47allthesemonthshappened—awindcameupandtoreOle48fromthebranch.SoonOledisappearedfromsightandTrufawasleftallaloneonthetree.

Aslongasitwasstillday,Trufamanagedsomehowto49hersorrow.Butwhenitgrewdarkandcold,she50despair.Somehowshefeltthattheblameforalltheleaves’51waslaidonthetree.Leavesfell,butthetrunkstoodtall,andwas52rootedintheearth.Nowind,orraincould53it.

Onenight,Trufadozedoff.Thenextmorning,toher54shefoundthatshewasnolonger55onthetree.Thewindhadblownherdownwhileshewasasleep.She56nowthatshewasn’tjustaleafthat57thewind,butthatshewas58oftheuniverse.

NexttoherlayOle,andthey59eachotherwithalove.Thiswasn’talovethatdependedonchance,butaloveaspowerfuland60astheuniverseitself.

41.A.suffered B.survivedC.escaped D.avoided答案:B解析:文章一開始就提到了只有兩片樹葉還留在樹上,因此此處用survive表示“幸免于,幸存”。suffer“遭受”;escape“逃脫,避開”;avoid“避免”均不符合語境。42.A.resulted B.broughtC.lay D.came答案:C解析:liein“在于”。語境表示“他們認(rèn)為答案在于他們之間產(chǎn)生的愛”。43.A.little B.muchC.favour D.few答案:A解析:根據(jù)句意可知,在大風(fēng)大雨中一片樹葉能為另一片樹葉所做的事是很少的,故用little表示。44.A.But B.StillC.Though D.Otherwise答案:B解析:奧立仍然每次都鼓勵著特魯法。still“仍然,還”。but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;though表示讓步關(guān)系;otherwise“否則”均不符合語境。45.A.complain B.sayC.request D.announce答案:B解析:根據(jù)上下文可知,這里是說“在寒冷的暴風(fēng)雨的夜晚,奧立就會跟特魯法說……”。46.A.regretful B.senselessC.different D.happy答案:B解析:沒有你,“我”的生命就沒有意義。senseless“無意義的”;regretful“后悔的,抱歉的”;different“不同的”;happy“高興的”。47.A.expected B.intendedC.feared D.imagined答案:C解析:下文中提到一陣風(fēng)吹來,奧立被吹掉了,這是兩片葉子數(shù)月來一直害怕的事情。fear“害怕,畏懼”;expect“盼望”;intend“打算,企圖”;imagine“想象,設(shè)想”。48.A.open B.activeC.loose D.alive答案:C解析:從下文的“SoonOledisappearedfromsight”可知奧立被風(fēng)從樹上吹下來了。loose符合語境。49.A.appreciate B.winC.afford D.bear答案:D解析:兩片賴以生存的葉子中的一片被風(fēng)吹掉了,剩下的一片肯定是很難過的,但是在白天特魯法還是將難過埋藏在心里。50.A.steppedinto B.caughtinC.tookin D.sankinto答案:D解析:上文提到特魯法白天強忍悲痛,到了晚上變得非常絕望,故選sinkinto“漸漸進入(消極、不快等)狀態(tài)”。51.A.fortunes B.changesC.misfortunes D.chances答案:C解析:她感到落葉的不幸遭遇應(yīng)該歸咎于樹。misfortune“不幸”,此處指的是被大風(fēng)吹落的不幸遭遇。fortune“幸運,運氣”;change“改變”;chance“機會,機遇”。52.A.firmly B.slightlyC.deeply D.tightly答案:A解析:句意為“葉子雖然掉了,但是樹干仍然高高聳立,根深深地扎在泥土中”。firmly“堅定地,穩(wěn)固地”;slightly“輕微地,稍微”;deeply“深深地”;tightly“緊緊地”。53.A.upset B.blowC.touch D.make答案:A解析:上文中提到“樹干仍然高高聳立,根深深地扎在泥土中”,因此沒有什么風(fēng)雨能夠吹倒大樹。upset“使傾覆,打翻”;blow“吹”;touch“接觸,觸摸”;make“制造”。54.A.delight B.amazementC.disappointment D.satisfaction答案:B解析:從下文提到的“Thewindhadblownherdown”,可知特魯法已經(jīng)被風(fēng)吹掉了,當(dāng)她發(fā)現(xiàn)時肯定是驚訝的,故用amazement“驚愕,驚異”。delight“高興,欣喜”;disappointment“失望”;satisfaction“滿足,滿意”。55.A.hanging B.sleepingC.leaving D.sticking答案:A解析:特魯法已經(jīng)被風(fēng)吹到了樹下,因此她已經(jīng)不在樹上了。hang“懸掛”,符合題意。56.A.spoke B.rememberedC.considered D.knew答案:D解析:本句說的是特魯法當(dāng)時心里的想法,因此know“知道”符合題意。57.A.decidedon B.heldonC.concentratedon D.dependedon答案:D解析:此處意為“她不僅僅是一片依靠風(fēng)的葉子而是宇宙的一部分”。58.A.some B.anyC.part D.one答案:C解析:partof“……的一部分”,此處意思為“她是宇宙的一部分”。59.A.presented B.treatedC.provided D.greeted答案:D解析:奧立與特魯法都從樹上被吹落下來,他們見面之后當(dāng)然要相互問候了,故選greet。60.A.pure B.briefC.permanent D.free答案:C解析:與宇宙一樣的愛當(dāng)然是強大的和持久的,故選permanent“永久的,持久的”。第Ⅱ卷第三部分英語知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)61.閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。OdysseusisaliteraryfigureintheOdyssey61(write)byHomer.HerejectedthecomfortablelifeofaGreekkingandmadeapromisetohelpanotherGreekleader,Menelaus,get62wifeback.Butthewar63(drag)onandonandhewasawayfromhisfamilyfortenyears.Duringthistimethefortunesofthewarwereso64(change)thatnoonecouldpredict65wouldwin.OdysseusbecametiredofthewarandthedelayinTroy.Heurgentlywantedtoreturnhome,so66theGreekkingshadtheirregularweeklymeetinghesuggestedthattheytake67opportunitytotricktheTrojans.TheGreeksbuiltagiantwoodenhorsesothatmencouldhideinsideit.TheGreeksthenpretendedtoleaveabroadtheirshipsasifthey68(discourage)bythelengthofthewar.TheTrojansblessedtheirGod69theirgoodfortuneandpreparedtocelebrate.ThatnightthemenclimbedoutofthehorseandopenedthecitygatestotheGreekarmy.TheTrojansawoketothebo