標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀

GB/T 44420-2024 是一項(xiàng)關(guān)于館藏竹木器文物含水率快速測定的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)旨在為文物保護(hù)工作者提供一種快速、準(zhǔn)確的檢測方法，以評(píng)估和監(jiān)控竹木材質(zhì)文物中的水分含量，這對(duì)預(yù)防性保護(hù)和修復(fù)工作至關(guān)重要。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用范圍

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于各類博物館、文物收藏機(jī)構(gòu)中竹制與木制文物的含水率測定。這包括但不限于家具、雕塑、建筑構(gòu)件及日用器具等，涵蓋了廣泛的歷史時(shí)期和地域風(fēng)格的竹木器物。

測定原理與方法

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了采用無損或微損技術(shù)，如電容式傳感器、電阻式濕度計(jì)或近紅外光譜分析等現(xiàn)代檢測手段，來快速測定文物內(nèi)部的水分含量。這些方法能夠在不破壞文物結(jié)構(gòu)和外觀的前提下，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)含水率的精準(zhǔn)測量。

操作流程

  1. 預(yù)處理：詳細(xì)記錄文物基本信息，包括材質(zhì)、年代、來源地及當(dāng)前保存環(huán)境等，為后續(xù)分析提供參考。
  2. 取樣選擇：根據(jù)文物尺寸和形狀，選取代表性測試點(diǎn)，盡量減少對(duì)文物的干預(yù)。
  3. 檢測實(shí)施：使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)推薦的儀器設(shè)備進(jìn)行含水率測定，確保操作符合設(shè)備使用說明及安全規(guī)范。
  4. 數(shù)據(jù)處理：收集并分析測量數(shù)據(jù)，應(yīng)用校正公式或軟件進(jìn)行計(jì)算，得到最終的含水率值。
  5. 結(jié)果判定：依據(jù)測得的含水率，結(jié)合文物材質(zhì)特性和最佳保存條件，評(píng)估文物的保存狀態(tài)，并提出相應(yīng)的保護(hù)建議或措施。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的重要性

此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定與實(shí)施，不僅提高了竹木器文物含水率檢測的效率與精確度，還為文物的科學(xué)管理和保護(hù)提供了重要依據(jù)。通過及時(shí)監(jiān)測和調(diào)控文物保存環(huán)境，有效預(yù)防因濕度不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致的形變、開裂、霉變等問題，從而延長文物壽命，維護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)的安全與完整性。

注意事項(xiàng)

  • 在執(zhí)行測定過程中，需嚴(yán)格遵守文物保護(hù)原則，避免對(duì)文物造成任何不必要的傷害。
  • 應(yīng)定期校驗(yàn)檢測設(shè)備，確保測量結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性和可比性。
  • 結(jié)合文物實(shí)際情況靈活應(yīng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，必要時(shí)可咨詢文物保護(hù)專家的意見。


如需獲取更多詳盡信息，請直接參考下方經(jīng)官方授權(quán)發(fā)布的權(quán)威標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔。

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文檔簡介

ICS

97.195;19.100

CCS

Y04

中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T44420—2024

館藏竹木器文物含水率快速測定

Methodforrapiddeterminationofmoisturecontentofbambooand

woodcollection

2024-08-23發(fā)布2024-12-01實(shí)施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局發(fā)布

國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)

GB/T44420—2024

目次

前言

·····································································································

Ⅲ

1

范圍

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1

2

規(guī)范性引用文件

······················································································

1

3

術(shù)語和定義

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1

4

原理

··································································································

1

5

試驗(yàn)條件

······························································································

1

6

儀器設(shè)備

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1

7

試驗(yàn)步驟

······························································································

2

7.1

確定被測對(duì)象

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2

7.2

選擇測量儀

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2

7.3

規(guī)劃檢測點(diǎn)位

····················································································

2

7.4

測定數(shù)據(jù)及記錄

·················································································

2

8

試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理

·························································································

2

9

試驗(yàn)報(bào)告

······························································································

2

附錄A（資料性）館藏竹木器文物含水率測定點(diǎn)位規(guī)劃示例（以木質(zhì)方桌為例）

··················

4

A.1構(gòu)件編號(hào)

·························································································

4

A.2規(guī)劃測定點(diǎn)位

····················································································

4

附錄B（資料性）館藏竹木器文物含水率快速測定記錄表樣式

······································

6

附錄C（資料性）館藏竹木器文物含水率快速測定報(bào)告內(nèi)容示例（以木質(zhì)方桌為例）

··············

7

C.1試驗(yàn)對(duì)象

·························································································

7

C.2所使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

····················································································

7

C.3試驗(yàn)結(jié)果

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7

C.4觀察到的異常現(xiàn)象

···············································································

8

C.5試驗(yàn)日期

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8

參考文獻(xiàn)

··································································································

9

圖A.1木質(zhì)方桌透視圖及構(gòu)件編號(hào)

····································································

4

圖A.2桌面構(gòu)件(1a#)含水率快速測定點(diǎn)位規(guī)劃示意圖

···············································

5

圖A.3桌腿構(gòu)件(3a#)含水率快速測定點(diǎn)位規(guī)劃示意圖

···············································

5

圖B.1館藏竹木器文物含水率快速測定記錄表樣式

···················································

6

圖C.1館藏竹木器文物含水率快速測定記錄表示例

···················································

7

圖C.2木質(zhì)方桌桌面構(gòu)件(1a#)含水率分布圖

·························································

8

Ⅰ

GB/T44420—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由國家文物局提出。

本文件由全國文物保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)(SAC/TC289)歸口。

本文件起草單位：中國國家博物館、荊州文物保護(hù)中心、中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究院。

本文件主要起草人：鐵付德、方北松、王開、全定可、邱祖明、隋媛、蘇維孝、朱亞光。

Ⅲ

GB/T44420—2024

館藏竹木器文物含水率快速測定

1范圍

本文件描述了館藏竹木器文物含水率的快速測定方法。

本文件適用于采用電容法原理，對(duì)經(jīng)過干燥處理后含水率已與保存環(huán)境達(dá)成平衡的館藏竹木器文物

含水率進(jìn)行的簡易、快速測定。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，僅該日期對(duì)應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用

于本文件。

JJG986—2004木材含水率測量儀

3術(shù)語和定義

下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。

3.1

館藏竹木器文物bambooandwoodcollection

博物館、圖書館等收藏單位收藏的竹質(zhì)、木質(zhì)文物和其他文物中竹質(zhì)、木質(zhì)構(gòu)件的總稱。

3.2

含水率moisturecontent

館藏竹木器文物（3.1）所含水分質(zhì)量與全干質(zhì)量的百分比。

4原理

竹質(zhì)、木質(zhì)類材料含水率的變化會(huì)引起其電容介電常數(shù)的改變，通過測量電容介電常數(shù)，可間接測

定其含水率。

5試驗(yàn)條件

快速測定含水率應(yīng)符合下列條件：

a）溫度：15℃～35℃

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