Unit3TheInternet人與社會信息技術(shù)（人教版2019必修二）

必修第二冊Unit3TheInternet（人教版2019）人與社會：信息技術(shù)單元引言解讀TheInternetisbeingthetownsquarefortheglobalvillageoftomorrow.—BillGates釋義：本單元的名人名言意為“因特網(wǎng)正成為明日地球村的鬧市廣場。”它很好地詮釋了主題圖的寓意?，F(xiàn)實世界的鬧市廣場熙熙攘攘、人來人往，商品、服務(wù)和信息在此集聚、流通、交換和分享，滿足人們的物質(zhì)生活和精神生活的需要。該名言用鬧市廣場隱喻互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，生動傳神。啟示：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)，打破了時間和空間的界限?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)、人工智能和科技信息化的今天，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶給人們方方面面的方便和快捷?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)是時代進步的必然產(chǎn)物，是科技發(fā)展的重要標志?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)給人們帶來的既有機遇，同樣也有挑戰(zhàn)?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)在帶給人們便利的同時，也給我們的生活帶來了一些困擾。因此，對待互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，我們一定要保持理性的頭腦，辯證地看待互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶給人們的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)。名言名句積累人與社會：信息技術(shù)1．TheInternetischangingthewaywelive.網(wǎng)絡(luò)正在改變我們的生活方式。2．putershavereplacedhumansinmanyareasofourlife,makingourworkmucheasierandmoreefficient.在我們生活的很多領(lǐng)域電腦已經(jīng)代替了人類，使得我們的工作更容易、更高效。3．What'smore,Internetisjustlikeabridgeofmunicatingbetweenpeople.Peoplegetcloserthroughit,whichpromotesinterpersonalrelationship.而且，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)就像人們之間溝通的橋梁。人們通過它距離變得更近了，這促進了人際關(guān)系。4．IfeelitisimportantforuseithertolimitouruseoftheInternet,ortolearnhowtohandletheproblemsithascaused.我覺得，要么限制使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，要么學(xué)會如何處理互聯(lián)網(wǎng)所引起的問題，這對我們來說很重要。5．WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,manyindividualsfavouronlineshoppingbecauseitismoreconvenientandcansavetime.隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，很多人喜歡網(wǎng)上購物，因為它更方便，而且能節(jié)省時間。6．Internetmakesourstudyandworkmoreeffective.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使我們的學(xué)習和工作更有效。7．OvertheInternet,wecanlearnmoreknowledgeandbroadenourhorizons.通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，我們可以學(xué)習更多的知識并開闊我們的視野。8．Somestudentsignoretheirstudiessincetheyareaddictedtoputergamesseriously.一些學(xué)生嚴重地沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲而忽視了學(xué)習。9．WeshouldmakegooduseofourtimeandnotbeeaddictedtotheInternet.我們應(yīng)該充分利用我們的時間，而不是沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)。10．Followthesetips,andyourtimespentdoingresearchontheInternetwillbemuchmoreworthwhile.遵循這些竅門，你在網(wǎng)上做研究所花的時間就會更加值得。時文拓展閱讀HowWillEurope’sNewArtificialIntelligenceRulesAffecttheWorld?Europeannationsreachedanagreementonrulesforartificialintelligence(AI)lastweek.Someexpertssaythe

regulations

willaffectpeoplearoundtheworld.HerearesomeofthedetailsoftheagreementreportedbytheAssociatedPress:TheAIActandhowitworks:TheAIActaimstoregulateorestablishguidelinesforAItechnologythathasthe

potential

tocauseproblemsifmisused.AIsystemsthatremendonlinematerial,orthosethatcheckemailmessages,wouldbelessregulated.Buttechnologythatconcernshealthcareormedicaldecisionswouldhavehigherrequirements.SomeAIsystemswillbebannedexceptinsomecases.Theyincludesystemsthat

scan

people'sfacesinpublicandsystemsthatmakepredictionsaboutfuturebehaviorsuchaswhetherapersonwillmitacrime.ThenewAIActwillnottakeeffectuntiltwoyearsafteravotefromEuropeanlawmakers.Thevoteisplannedforthefirstpartofnextyear.Thesoonestitwouldbeinplaceissometimeearlyin2026.HowwilltheActaffecttheworld?Someexpertssaytheguidelinescouldbeea

global

standard.Thathashappenedbefore.OnerecentEuropeandecisioncausedU.S.panyAppletostopusingitslightningdatacableinfavorofamorewidelyusedcable.ExpertssayEurope'srulesmightbeusedasa

blueprint

inotherpartsoftheworld.AnuBradfordisaprofessoratColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity.ShecalledEurope'sact"prehensive"and"a

gamechanger."BradfordnotedtheEuropeanruleswill"showtheworldAIcanbegoverned."RightsgroupsplainedthatEurope'sdecisiontonotpletelybantheuseoffacialrecognition"isamissedopportunity."AmnestyInternationalnotedthatEuropedidnotbanexportsofAItechnologythatcovers

socialscoring.Socialscoringsystemspermitgovernmentstorecordhowwellcitizensfollowrules.WhataretheU.S.andChinadoing?IntheUnitedStates,PresidentJoeBidensignedan

executiveorder

inOctoberonAI.BidenrequiredAItechnologypaniestosharetestresultsandotherinformationwiththegovernment.GovernmentorganizationswillcreaterequirementsforAItoolsthatmustbefollowedbeforesystemsarereleasedforpublicuse.ChinareleasedrulesforAItoolsthatcreatematerialsuchasphotos,textandvideos.Therulesareonlyshorttermguidelines.PresidentXiJinpingalsocalledforanopenandfairenvironmentforAIdevelopmentaroundtheworld.WillEurope'sruleschangeChatGPT?TheriseofChatGPT,anAItoolbasedintheU.S.,isoneofthereasonsforEurope'snewsetofrules.Europe'srulesincludeguidelinesfor

chatbots

andotherAIsystemsthatcandojobssuchaswriting,creatingvideoandwritingputercode.Systemsmustclearlyshowwherethematerialthatwentintotrainingthebotscamefrom.Theyalsomustshowhowmuchenergywasusedtotrainthesystems,ormodels.Theyshouldbeopenabouthowtheycontrolthedatathatesfromtheirtool'susers.AndtheyneedtoobservetheEU'scopyrightpropertyprotectionlaws.HightechnologysystemsorriskyusesofAIarerequiredtofollow

stricter

rules.Thoseincludesystemsthatcreatebasicpiecesofinformation,suchasputercode,thatotherswillthenusetocreateotherAIsystems.【譯文欣賞】歐洲新的人工智能法案將如何影響世界？歐洲國家上周就人工智能（AI）規(guī)則達成協(xié)議。一些專家表示，這些規(guī)定將影響世界各地的人們。以下是美聯(lián)社報道的協(xié)議的一些細節(jié)：《人工智能法案》及其運作方式：《人工智能法案》旨在規(guī)范或制定人工智能技術(shù)的指導(dǎo)方針，如果濫用，可能會造成問題。推薦在線材料或檢查電子郵件的人工智能系統(tǒng)將受到較少的監(jiān)管。但涉及醫(yī)療保健或醫(yī)療決策的技術(shù)將有更高的要求。除某些情況外，一些人工智能系統(tǒng)將被禁止。它們包括在公共場合掃描人們面部的系統(tǒng)，以及預(yù)測未來行為（如一個人是否會犯罪）的系統(tǒng)。新的《人工智能法案》將在歐洲立法者投票兩年后生效。投票計劃于明年上半年進行。它最快將在2026年初到位。該法案將如何影響世界？一些專家表示，該指南可能會成為全球標準。這種情況以前也發(fā)生過。最近歐洲的一項決定導(dǎo)致美國公司蘋果停止使用其閃電數(shù)據(jù)線，轉(zhuǎn)而使用更廣泛使用的電纜。專家表示，歐洲的規(guī)則可能會被世界其他地區(qū)用作藍圖。阿努·布拉德福德是紐約哥倫比亞大學(xué)的教授。她稱歐洲的法案是“全面的”和“游戲規(guī)則的改變者”。Bradford指出，歐洲的規(guī)則將“向世界展示人工智能是可以被治理的”人權(quán)組織抱怨說，歐洲不完全禁止使用面部識別的決定“是一個錯失的機會”。大赦國際指出，歐洲沒有禁止出口涵蓋社會評分的人工智能技術(shù)。社會評分系統(tǒng)允許政府記錄公民遵守規(guī)則的情況。美國和中國在做什么？在美國，喬·拜登總統(tǒng)于10月簽署了一項關(guān)于人工智能的行政命令。拜登要求人工智能技術(shù)公司與政府分享測試結(jié)果和其他信息。政府組織將制定人工智能工具的要求，在系統(tǒng)發(fā)布供公眾使用之前必須遵守這些要求。中國發(fā)布了創(chuàng)建照片、文本和視頻等材料的人工智能工具規(guī)則。這些規(guī)則只是短期的指導(dǎo)方針。歐洲的規(guī)則會改變ChatGPT嗎？總部位于美國的人工智能工具ChatGPT的興起是歐洲制定新規(guī)則的原因之一。歐洲的規(guī)則包括聊天機器人和其他可以完成寫作、創(chuàng)建視頻和編寫計算機代碼等工作的人工智能系統(tǒng)的指導(dǎo)方針。系統(tǒng)必須清楚地顯示用于訓(xùn)練機器人的材料來自哪里。他們還必須展示訓(xùn)練系統(tǒng)或模型所消耗的能量。他們應(yīng)該公開如何控制來自工具用戶的數(shù)據(jù)。他們需要遵守歐盟的版權(quán)財產(chǎn)保護法。高科技系統(tǒng)或人工智能的高風險使用需要遵循更嚴格的規(guī)則。其中包括創(chuàng)建基本信息（如計算機代碼）的系統(tǒng)，其他人將使用這些信息創(chuàng)建其他人工智能系統(tǒng)?！驹~匯積累】regulations

–n.(pl.)

rulesandlawsthatgovernafieldorindustry規(guī)定potential

–n.

thepossibilitythatsomethingmighthappen某事發(fā)展的可能性scan

–v.

torecordtheimageofsomethingandtouseitdigitally掃描global

standard

–n.

alevelofqualityforafieldorindustrythatisobservedorrequirearoundtheworld全球標準blueprint

–n.

theplansforabuilding;asetofplansforhowsomethingshouldbedone藍圖；設(shè)計圖prehensive

–adj.

involvingallpartsofsomething綜合性的；全面的gamechanger

–n.(idiom)

somethingthatisimportantorcauseschange規(guī)則改變者socialscoring

–n.

awayofratingpeopleonsocialissues社會信用評分chatbot

–n.

anartificialintelligencetoolthatproduceswritingorothermaterialonrequestbytakingexistingthingsfromtheinternet一種聊天程序【知識拓展】3月13日，歐洲議會正式投票通過并批準歐盟《人工智能法案》。在法國斯特拉斯堡舉行的歐洲議會全會上，該法案獲得523張贊成票，46張反對票。人工智能法案》文本的草案最早是歐盟委員會在2021年4月提出，內(nèi)容包括將嚴格禁止“對人類安全造成不可接受風險的人工智能系統(tǒng)”，包括有目的地操縱技術(shù)、利用人性弱點或根據(jù)行為、社會地位和個人特征等進行評價的系統(tǒng)等。據(jù)悉，該法案將在走完所有審批程序后在歐盟公報上予以公布并于20天后生效。法案中的相關(guān)條款將分階段實施。【詞匯延伸】ArtificialIntelligence人工智能AssociatedPress美聯(lián)社聯(lián)合通訊社regulate規(guī)定調(diào)節(jié)，控制約束，控制，管理AItechnology人工智能技術(shù)insomecases在某些情況下有時候inpublic當眾，在別人面前公開地公然地綜合實戰(zhàn)演練（一）（2024·浙江·高考真題七選五））Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbeeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.1Butareallonlinecoursescreatedequal?Howcanyoubesurethatdigitallearningisrightforyou?2Weinterviewedstudentsandprofessorstogettheiradviceaboutonlinecourses,Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.3“Ithinkapointthatmanypeoplelosesightofishoweasyitcanbetofallbehindschedule,”saysgraduatestudentAmandaBindman.Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaselfmotivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyougoing.Thetipthatesupmostoftenissimple:buildonlinecoursesintoyourweeklyschedule,justlikewhatyouwoulddowithinpersoncourses.4Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.Itissoeasytoletanonlinecourseslide,butyourgradeswillsufferasaresult.Besuretoschedulesettimestowatchyourlectures,readmaterialsandcontributetoonlinediscussionboards.5Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orscheduleinpersonmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.A．Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.B．Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.C．Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?D．ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.E．Thechiefplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.F．Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?G．Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.【答案速查】1．G2．F3．A4．D5．E【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了在線學(xué)習的注意事項。1．由上文“Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbeeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.(在過去的幾年里，在線學(xué)習已經(jīng)成為大學(xué)生活的重要組成部分)”可知，在線學(xué)習對大學(xué)生活很重要，本空要說跟“這種現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)”有關(guān)的話題，故G選項“Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.(一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，29%的大學(xué)生注冊了在線課程。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選G。2．由上文“Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?(但是所有的在線課程都是平等的嗎？你如何確定數(shù)字化學(xué)習適合你？)”可知，上文對在線課程提出疑問，本空可以繼續(xù)提出疑問，故F選項“Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?(如果你參加了在線課程，你能做些什么來確保盡可能好的成績？)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選F。3．由上文“Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.(在線學(xué)習最明顯的優(yōu)勢是你可以隨時隨地學(xué)習)”可知，在線學(xué)習具備的優(yōu)勢是可以讓你隨時隨地學(xué)習，本空要說跟“學(xué)習時間”有關(guān)的話題，故A選項“Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.(但這并不意味著沒有最后期限。)”與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，that指代上一句話，符合題意。故選A。4．由下文“Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.(他指出，他的在線學(xué)生最終的成績通常較低)”可知，本空要說跟“在線老師”有關(guān)的話題，故D選項“ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.(AlexDavidson教授親自授課和在線授課)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D項中的“AlexDavidson教授”，符合題意。故選D。5．由下文“Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orscheduleinpersonmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.(社會關(guān)系通常是學(xué)習的重要組成部分。你可以做一些事情來緩解這個問題。本科生杰西卡·平克建議和朋友一起參加在線課程，這樣你們就可以互相激勵，堅持下去。你也可以在課堂討論板上找到學(xué)生，組織一個學(xué)習小組，或者安排與教授面對面的會議，討論課程概念)”可知，本空要說跟“人們之間的互動”有關(guān)的話題，故E選項“Thechiefplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.(對在線課程的主要抱怨是它們?nèi)狈θ伺c人之間的互動。)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選E。高考英語七選五解題技巧（二）Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaselfBeforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaselfmotivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyougoing.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是祈使句，謂語動詞consider，“and”連接whether和if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句做consider賓語，Beforechoosingtostudyonline是介詞短語做狀語。翻譯：在選擇未來的職業(yè)道路時，我們應(yīng)該先思考自己是否對這個行業(yè)充滿熱情，以及這個職業(yè)是否符合我們的價值觀，這樣才能在未來的工作中找到真正的滿足和成就感。significantadjsignificantadj重要的；digitaladj數(shù)字的；obviousadj明顯的；schedulen日程安排；selfmotivatedadj主動的，自我激勵的；inpersonadj面對面的，親自的；setadj[熟詞新義]固定的；contributev[熟詞新義]（尤指）發(fā)表意見；easev緩解；conceptn概念；deadlinen截止日期；motivationn動力；lackv缺乏；interactionn交流；losesightofsth忽略某事；fallbehind落后；eup被提及，被討論；endupwith以……結(jié)束；letsthslide放任不管某事，任某事惡化；motivatesbtodosth激勵某人做某事；registerfor注冊（二）（2324高一下·四川綿陽·期末）HowtoStopBeinganOversharerinPersonandonSocialMediaDoyoufindyourselfsharingdetailsaboutyourlifewithatotalstranger?Or,maybeyoulookbackonaconversationwithacoworkerandrealizeyouweretalkingtheentiretime.6Whetheryouoversharetofillawkwardsilencesorjustbecauseyoudon’tknowwhatelsetotalkabout,we’vegotyoucovered:we’vecollectedthebesttipstoavoidoversharing.Pausefor1to2secondsbeforespeaking.Sometimeswetalkwithoutthinking,andendupsharingmorethanwemeanto.7Thatway,youcanthinktwiceandavoidanythingyoudon’twanttotalkabout.8Maybeaconversationisheadedinadirectionthatcarriesalotofemotionalweightforyou.Ifyoudon’twanttotalkaboutsomething(relationshipproblems,pasttrauma,grief,etc.),casuallyturntoothersubjectsbygivingthemaplimentorpointingoutsomethingaboutyourenvironment.Setclearboundariesforyourselfbeforetalking.Inyourhead,makealistoftopicsthatyoudon’twanttotalkaboutwithanacquaintanceorastranger.Whenyoufindyourselftowardthosesubjects,usethemethodsabovetoavoidthem.9Avoidsocialmediawhenyou’refeelingemotional.10Whenyou’reupset,youmightfindthatyoupostthingsyounormallywouldn’tonyoursocialmediaaccounts.Toavoidoversharingonsocialmedia,logoutofyouraccountsanytimeyou’refeelingdown.Ifyoudoso,youwon’ttendtotellpeoplethingsonlinethatyoudon’tactuallywanttoshare.A．Avoidaconversationwithemotionalsubjects．B．Oversharingdoesn’talwayshappeninperson．C．Changethetopicofaconversationifitcausesburden．D．Beforeopeningyourmouth,reconsiderwhatyou’regoingtosay．E．Thatway,youcanstopyourselffromoversharingfromthebeginning．F．Oversharingiseasytohappen,andit’saproblemthatmanyofusdealwith．G．Realizingthatwetalktoomuch,weoftenfeelregretfulaboutwhatwesay．【答案】6．F7．D8．C9．E10．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文，通過提供一些實用的建議來幫助人們避免在面對面交流和社交媒體上過度分享個人信息。6．下文提到了“Whetheryouoversharetofillawkwardsilencesorjustbecauseyoudon’tknowwhatelsetotalkabout,we’vegotyoucovered(無論你是因為填補尷尬的沉默而過度分享，還是因為你不知道還能談?wù)撌裁?，我們都為你提供了解決方案)”，說明過度分享可能發(fā)生在多種情況下。選項F中的“Oversharingiseasytohappen,andit’saproblemthatmanyofusdealwith(過度分享容易發(fā)生，這是我們許多人都要面對的問題)”與下文的描述一致，因此選擇F。7．本段標題建議“Pausefor1to2secondsbeforespeaking(在說話前暫停1到2秒)，”這是為了避免在沒有深思熟慮的情況下說話。選項D中的“Beforeopeningyourmouth,reconsiderwhatyou’regoingtosay(在開口之前，重新考慮你要說的話)”與這個建議相吻合，因此選擇D。8．下文提到“Ifyoudon’twanttotalkaboutsomething(relationshipproblems,pasttrauma,grief,etc.),casuallyturntoothersubjectsbygivingthemaplimentorpointingoutsomethingaboutyourenvironment.(如果你不想談?wù)撃承┦虑椋ū热绺星閱栴}、過去的創(chuàng)傷、悲傷等），可以通過隨意地給予他們一些贊美或者指出你周圍環(huán)境中的某些事情來輕松地轉(zhuǎn)向其他話題。)”，說明當人們不想談?wù)撃硞€話題的時候，可以轉(zhuǎn)移話題，選項C中的“Changethetopicofaconversationifitcausesburden(如果話題帶來負擔，就改變話題)”與這個建議相符，因此選擇C。9．上文建議在交談前為自己設(shè)定清晰的界限，并列出不想與陌生人或熟人討論的話題。本段標題提到“Setclearboundariesforyourselfbeforetalking(在交談前為自己設(shè)定清晰的界限)”，選項E中的“Thatway,youcanstopyourselffromoversharingfromthebeginning”(這樣，你可以從一開始就阻止自己過度分享)與這個建議相符，因此選擇E。10．上文提到了“Avoidsocialmediawhenyou’refeelingemotional(當你情緒化時，避免使用社交媒體)”，這是為了避免在情緒化時在社交媒體上過度分享。選項B中的“Oversharingdoesn’talwayshappeninperson(過度分享并不總是發(fā)生在面對面的情況下)”，擴展了過度分享的概念，指出它也可能發(fā)生在社交媒體上，因此選擇B。（三）（2324高一下·湖北·期末）Cloudstorageisaflexibleandconvenientwaytostoredatawithpletepeaceofmind.11Thismeansyoucanstoreallyourdigitalthingsremotely,withouttakingupspaceonyourputer.Therearetwooptionsavailable:publiccloudstorageallowsyoutosharehostingspacewithotherusers;privatecloudstorageistheidealchoiceforpanieswhowanttohavetheirdatastoredintheirownenvironment.12Onceyouhaveregisteredandsetupyouraccount,yousimplysaveyourfilesviatheinternetusingyourusernameandpassword.Thisensuresyourdataremainssecureandinaccessibletoanyoneelse.Shouldyouchoose,youcanputcertainpermissionsinplace,whichmakesiteasytoshareyourdatawithyourcolleaguesoryourfamily.Whenyousignuptocloudstorage,youcanchoosetheamountofspaceyouneed.13Youcanstoreanythingdigital:allyourfiles,videosandpictures.Whetheryouwanttousethisstoragesolutiontostoreyourfamilyphotographsoryouwanttouseittostoreyourworkdocumentation,youwillfinditquiteconvenient.Isitbetterthanyourputeroranexternaldrive?Theanswerisadefiniteyes.puterscrashallthetime.14Externalharddrivescanstillbreak,orfail.Hereyoualsohavetheaddedriskofmisplacingitorhavingitstolen.Therearesomanyadvantagestocloudputing,fromtheabilitytoaccessyourdatafromwherever,whenever,tonotneedingexpensiveexternalstoragedevices.15A．Cloudstorageisverysimpletouse.B．Youwillfindcloudstorageverycheap.C．Itenablesyoutostoreyourdataonhostedservers.D．Itistheleastthingpeopleliketomeetduringwork.E．Thisisthemostmoncauseoflostworkandmemories.F．Youcanstartwithasmallamountandincreasethestoragesizelateron.G．Theonlydisadvantage,however,isthatyouneedinternettoaccessfiles.【答案】11．C12．A13．F14．E15．G【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章介紹了云存儲是一種靈活、方便、完全放心的數(shù)據(jù)存儲方式。它有很多優(yōu)點，但也有唯一缺點是你需要互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來訪問文件。11．根據(jù)空前“Cloudstorageisaflexibleandconvenientwaytostoredatawithpletepeaceofmind.(云存儲是一種靈活、方便、完全放心的數(shù)據(jù)存儲方式。)”可知，這里介紹了云存儲是一種存儲方式。以及空后“Thismeansyoucanstoreallyourdigitalthingsremotely,withouttakingupspaceonyourputer.Therearetwooptionsavailable:publiccloudstorageallowsyoutosharehostingspacewithotherusers;privatecloudstorageistheidealchoiceforpanieswhowanttohavetheirdatastoredintheirownenvironment.(這意味著你可以遠程存儲所有的數(shù)字物品，而不會占用電腦空間。有兩種選擇：公共云存儲允許您與其他用戶共享托管空間；私有云存儲是希望將數(shù)據(jù)存儲在自己環(huán)境中的公司的理想選擇。)”可知，Thismeans是指前面云儲存的將數(shù)據(jù)存儲在托管服務(wù)器上的方式。故C項Itenablesyoutostoreyourdataonhostedservers.(它使您能夠?qū)?shù)據(jù)存儲在托管服務(wù)器上。)符合語境。it指代前面的cloudstorage。故選C項。12．根據(jù)空后“Onceyouhaveregisteredandsetupyouraccount,yousimplysaveyourfilesviatheinternetusingyourusernameandpassword.(一旦你注冊并設(shè)置了你的賬戶，你只需使用你的用戶名和密碼通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)保存你的文件。)”可知，這里解釋了云存儲操作簡單。故A項Cloudstorageisverysimpletouse.(云存儲使用起來非常簡單。)符合語境，對下文有總括作用。故選A項。13．根據(jù)空前“Whenyousignuptocloudstorage,youcanchoosetheamountofspaceyouneed.(當您注冊云存儲時，您可以選擇所需的空間量。)”可知，用戶可以在云存儲選擇空間量的大小。故F項Youcanstartwithasmallamountandincreasethestoragesizelateron.(你可以從少量開始，然后增加存儲空間。)符合語境，其中asmallamount與上文theamountof對應(yīng)，有承上作用。故選F項。14．根據(jù)空前“puterscrashallthetime.(電腦總是死機。)”可知，這里指出電腦缺點。而E項Thisisthemostmoncauseoflostworkandmemories.(這是丟失工作和記憶的最常見原因。)符合語境。This指代前面的句子，有承上作用。故選E項。15．根據(jù)空前“Therearesomanyadvantagestocloudputing,fromtheabilitytoaccessyourdatafromwherever,whenever,tonotneedingexpensiveexternalstoragedevices.(云計算有很多優(yōu)點，從隨時隨地訪問數(shù)據(jù)的能力到不需要昂貴的外部存儲設(shè)備。)”可知，這里介紹了云存儲很多優(yōu)點，后面要轉(zhuǎn)折說出它的缺點。故G項Theonlydisadvantage,however,isthatyouneedinternettoaccessfiles.(然而，唯一的缺點是你需要互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來訪問文件。)符合語境。其中Theonlydisadvantage與上文manyadvantages對應(yīng)，有承上作用。故選G項。（四）（2223高一下·云南昭通·期末）It’stimetoownup.Whenyou’resittingatyourputer,doyouworkcontinuouslyallday?Ordoyouallowyourselftobeedistractednowandagaintoopenafewextrawebsites,checksocialmedia,readaspotofnews,browsethelatestfashiontrends,maybecatchuponsomecelebritygossip,andlookatsome...Stop!You’re“cyberloafing”.Theunwieldywordisabinationof“cyber”,whichmeans“relatedtoputers”,and“l(fā)oafing”,whichmeans“relaxinginalazyway”.Wedoit,andwedoitalot.AstudyfromtheUniversityofTexassuggestsweareguiltyofthisformofprocrastination(拖延)for14%ofourworkingday.OnaFridayafternoon,it’sexpectedtobemorethanthat.Butit’saslipperyslope.Itcandamageyourproductivityandevenyourcareer.BecauseaccordingtotheUniversityofTexasresearch,eachtimeaworkergetssidetrackedbytheinternet,ittakesanaverageof23minutestogetbacktowork.Morethanthat,cyberloafinghasadarkside,accordingtoareportpublishedinTheJournalofPsychosocialResearchonCyberspace.Itarguesthatcyberloafingisconnectedtoseveralnegativepersonalitytraits.Peoplewho

cyberloafaremorelikelytobeselfishandnarcissististic(自戀的).Furthermore,peoplewiththesetraitsarelesslikelytofeelashamedaboutavoidingwork,andlessconcernedaboutgettingcaught.Whydowedoit?Forsome,it’sundoubtedlyanescapefromthehardboringworkthatthey’resupposedtobedoing.Somemightgetafeelingofsatisfaction,getexcitementfromfindingagreatdealonline.Butoverall,it’ssomethingthattakesyouawayfromwhatyou’reactuallybeingpaidtodo,orpayingtodo:ifyou’reastudent.Whenyouhavethewholeworldoftheinternetatyourfingertips,it’shardtoresist.Howdoweavoidcyberloafing?Ifyoucantrulyaskyourselfwhyyouarecyberloafing,thenthatcanhelpidentifythebaseproblem.Andifthatsoundsliketoomuchhardwork,youcouldjustswitchofftheinternetforacoupleofhours!16．Inwritingparagraph1,theauthoraimsto__________.A．makeaparison B．reachaconclusionC．introduceatopic D．provideevidence17．What’sNOTcausedbycyberloafing?A．Lowproductivity. B．Highefficiency.C．Beingdistracted. D．Selfinterested.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“slipperyslope”inparagraph3mean?A．Badhabit. B．Roughroad.C．Smoothstep. D．Bigobstacle.19．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary. B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel. D．Amagazine.【答案】16．C17．B18．A19．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。研究了“上網(wǎng)閑逛”帶來的隱患。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“It’stimetoownup.Whenyou’resittingatyourputer,doyouworkcontinuouslyallday?Ordoyouallowyourselftobeedistractednowandagaintoopenafewextrawebsites,checksocialmedia,readaspotofnews,browsethelatestfashiontrends,maybecatchuponsomecelebritygossip,andlookatsome...(是時候坦白了。當你坐在電腦前的時候，你是不是整天都在工作？或者你會時不時地讓自己分心，打開一些額外的網(wǎng)站，查看社交媒體，讀一點新聞，瀏覽最新的時尚趨勢，也許是追一些名人八卦，看看一些……)”可知，第一段通過描寫生活中常見的場景，引出“上網(wǎng)閑逛”這一主題。故選C。17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Itcandamageyourproductivityandevenyourcareer.BecauseaccordingtotheUniversityofTexasresearch,eachtimeaworkergetssidetrackedbytheinternet,ittakesanaverageof23minutestogetbacktowork.(它會損害你的工作效率，甚至你的職業(yè)生涯。因為根據(jù)德克薩斯大學(xué)的研究，每一次員工因為上網(wǎng)而分心，平均需要23分鐘才能回到工作崗位)”和第四段“Peoplewhocyberloafaremorelikelytobeselfishandnarcissististic(自戀的).(上網(wǎng)閑逛的人更有可能是自私和自戀的)”可知，“上網(wǎng)閑逛”降低工作產(chǎn)量，分散注意力，更有可能比較自私和自戀，而不會讓學(xué)習、工作更高效，故選B。18．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Itcandamageyourproductivityandevenyourcareer.(它會損害你的工作效率，甚至你的職業(yè)生涯)”可知，“上網(wǎng)閑逛”降低工作產(chǎn)量甚至毀了你的事業(yè)，可知slipperyslope指使人滑向深淵的斜坡，即給人帶來長遠危害的壞習慣，故選A。19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Astudyfromthe

UniversityofTexassuggestsweareguiltyofthisformofprocrastination(拖延)for14%ofourworkingday.OnaFridayafternoon,it’sexpectedtobemorethanthat.(德克薩斯大學(xué)的一項研究表明，我們有14%的工作時間都在為這種形式的拖延而感到內(nèi)疚。在周五下午，預(yù)計會超過這個數(shù)值)”結(jié)合本文研究了“上網(wǎng)閑逛”帶來的隱患，最有可能是雜志上發(fā)表的研究結(jié)果。故選D。（五）（2324高一下·貴州畢節(jié)·期末）Singaporeusesabout430milliongallonsofwatereveryday—anumberitexpectscoulddoubleinthenextfourdecades.Thatkindofconsumption(消費)isincreasingpressureontheAsiancitystatetosolvegrowingproblemsaboutglobalwatershortage.Soitisbuildingnewtechnologytoprepareitselfforafuturewheregettingcleanwaterwillbeevenmoredifficult.Rapidurbanization(城市化)andrisingglobaltemperaturesaremakingaccesstonaturalwatersourcesincreasinglyhardtoget.Meanwhile,Singaporeishometomorethanfivemillionpeopleandiscoveredinfountains,reservoirs(水庫)andotherwaterfeatures—includingtheworld’stallestindoorwaterfall,a130footfacilitythatpumps10,000gallonsofwaterperminute.Butithasnonaturalwatersourcesofitsown,insteadrelyingheavilyonrecycledwaterandimportsfromitsneighbors.There’sabigdesiretobeewaterindependent—tocontrolthefuture—andthatislargelydependentonthetechnologiesbeingdeveloped.Onedevelopment:Asmall,blacksponge(海綿)cancleanwastewater.Thespongeabsorbs(吸收)190timesitsweightinwastelikecontaminants(污染物)andmicroplastics.Thematerialisreallyusefulandwillbefurtherdevelopedformercialuse.Anotheroneisalightweightfiltrationdevice(過濾裝置)thathasalreadyprovidedcleandrinkingwatertomorethan75,000peopleacrossSoutheastAsia.Oneofthemostcreativeaspectsoftheproductisitssimplicity.Besides,thewaterfiltrationdeviceisnobiggerthanabicyclepump,butitcanprovidecleanwatertovillagesof100peopleforuptotwoyears.Everyoneisveryluckytohaveaccesstocleandrinkingwater.Forpeopleintheworld,cleanwaterisabasicaspectforlifeonearth.What’smoreimportant,itiseveryone’sresponsibilitytopayattentiontowatershortageandtakeaction.20．Whatcanwelearnaboutthefuture?A．Itmaybeeasiertogetcleanwater. B．Watershortagemaybeworse.C．Thepopulationmaybeelarger. D．Waterconsumptionmaybeeless.21．WhatdoestheauthordescribeaboutSingapore?A．Somenaturalwatersourcesarefoundeverywhere.B．Fivemillionpeoplegotofindwatersources.C．Singaporehasthetallestnaturalwaterfall.D．Rapidurbanizationpartlycauseswatershortage.22．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout??A．WhySingaporeisshortofwater. B．Whetherthereiswatershortage.C．Howwesolvewatershortage. D．Whatwatershortageis.23．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsdealingwithwatershortage?A．Supportive. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.【答案】20．B21．D22．C23．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了新加坡的缺水問題以及解決缺水問題的辦法。20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thatkindofconsumption(消費)isincreasingpressureontheAsiancitystatetosolvegrowingproblemsaboutglobalwatershortage.(這種消費給這個亞洲城市國家?guī)砹嗽絹碓酱蟮膲毫Γ仁蛊浣鉀Q日益嚴重的全球水資源短缺問題。)”可知，關(guān)于未來我們能了解到缺水問題可能會更嚴重。故選B項。21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Rapidurbanization(城市化)andrisingglobaltemperaturesaremakingaccesstonaturalwatersourcesincreasinglyhardtoget.Meanwhile,Singaporeishometomorethanfivemillionpeopleandiscoveredinfountains,reservoirs(水庫)andotherwaterfeatures—includingtheworld’stallestindoorwaterfall,a130footfacilitythatpumps10,000gallonsofwaterperminute.(快速城市化和全球氣溫上升使得獲取天然水源越來越困難。)”可知，作者描述了新加坡的快速城市化在一定程度上導(dǎo)致了水資源短缺。故選D項。22．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“There’sabigdesiretobeewaterindependent—tocontrolthefuture—andthatislargelydependentonthetechnologiesbeingdeveloped.Onedevelopment:Asmall,blacksponge(海綿)cancleanwastewater.Thespongeabsorbs(吸收)190timesitsweightinwastelikecontaminants(污染物)andmicroplastics.Thematerialisreallyusefulandwillbefurtherdevelopedformercialuse.Anotheroneisalightweightfiltrationdevice(過濾裝置)thathasalreadyprovidedcleandrinkingwatertomorethan75,000peopleacrossSoutheastAsia.Oneofthemostcreativeaspectsoftheproductisitssimplicity.Besides,thewaterfiltrationdeviceisnobiggerthanabicyclepump,butitcanprovidecleanwatertovillagesof100peopleforuptotwoyears.(人們渴望實現(xiàn)水獨立——