專題40 閱讀理解之推理判斷題（講案）原卷版

1/21高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識清單專題40閱讀理解之推理判斷題（講案）原卷版（快問快答+思維導(dǎo)圖+考法點撥+真題再練+名校模擬）目錄一、閱讀理解推理判斷題快問快答P1二、閱讀理解推理判斷題高考考情P2三、閱讀理解推理判斷題命題特點P2四、閱讀理解推理判斷題思維導(dǎo)圖P3五、閱讀理解推理判斷題考法點撥P4考法一：態(tài)度推斷題P4考法二：預(yù)測下段題P5考法三：意圖推斷題P6考法四：文章出處題P7考法五：文體推斷題P9考法六：活動評價題P11六、閱讀理解推理判斷題真題演練(10例)P12七、閱讀理解推理判斷題名校模擬(4篇)P14模擬一P14模擬二P16模擬三P17模擬四P18一、閱讀理解推理判斷題快問快答Q1：閱讀理解推理判斷題有什么特點？A1：推理判斷題屬于閱讀理解較難題型，每年必考，占3-6題，需要有較強的閱讀理解和做題技能。Q2：閱讀理解推理判斷題做題步驟如何？A2：一是“找詞”--先從題干中提取關(guān)鍵性(題眼)，二是“定位”--尋找與此關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的段落、語句做好標(biāo)記，三是“比對”--仔細(xì)比對四個選項與文中原句關(guān)系，確認(rèn)屬于哪一種推理判斷題，最后去偽存真確定答案。Q3：閱讀理解推理判斷題有哪些考查方法？A3：閱讀理解推理判斷題有六大考查方向：一是考查態(tài)度推斷，二是考查下段話題推斷，三是考查寫作意圖推斷，四是考查文章出處推斷，五是考查文體推斷，六是考查活動評價推斷。Q4：如何提高閱讀理解推理判斷題正答率？A4：一要掌握閱讀理解推理判斷題命題規(guī)律和選項特征，二要不斷擴(kuò)大詞匯量，尤其是3500高考高頻詞匯，三要廣泛進(jìn)行閱讀實踐和專項訓(xùn)練，積累推理判斷經(jīng)驗，掌握推理判斷“源于文章，高于文章”這一要旨，摸索出一套行之有效的個性化做題模式，四要重視糾錯，探尋錯誤原因，防止出現(xiàn)類似錯誤。二、閱讀理解推理判斷題高考考情推理判斷題是高考閱讀理解試題中的重要題型之一,包括推理和判斷兩個方面，是考生失分率較高的題型?？疾榭忌高^文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，對文章的細(xì)節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度、意圖作出正確推理判斷的能力。分析今年高考題可知，推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢，且由過去簡單的對號入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過語句的同義或反義詞及長難句來考查考生對語言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加。2022-2024高考閱讀理解考點統(tǒng)計卷別細(xì)節(jié)理解題推理判斷題推理判斷題主旨大意題2024新課標(biāo)I卷91412024新課標(biāo)II卷91412023新課標(biāo)I卷61712023新課標(biāo)II卷61712022新課標(biāo)I卷82412022新課標(biāo)II卷82412024全國甲卷71612023全國甲卷81512023全國乙卷51812022全國甲卷81332022全國乙卷10131三、閱讀理解推理判斷題命題特點【設(shè)問特點】特殊疑問句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑問詞開頭引出的問題;通常涉及推斷作者態(tài)度、文章出處、文章類型、寫作意圖、下段話題等。35.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps? （2024新課標(biāo)I卷，隱含含義題）35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext? （2024新課標(biāo)I卷，寫作意圖題）31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services? （2024全國甲卷，態(tài)度推斷題）26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?（2023新課標(biāo)I卷，人物評價題）31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout? （2023全國乙卷，預(yù)測下段題）21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom? （2022新課標(biāo)I卷，文章出處題）29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?（2020浙江卷，寫作手法題）27.Whatisthetext? （2022全國乙卷，文體推斷題）【選項規(guī)律】正確選項特征同義替換對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換，成為正確選項正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項。語言簡化把原文中復(fù)雜的語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化，設(shè)置為答案。語態(tài)變化改變原文重點詞性或語態(tài)，給考生制造了某些障礙。干擾選項特征張冠李戴為原文內(nèi)容，但與題目文不對題，不符合題目要求。偷梁換柱在意思上與原文非常相似但在某個細(xì)節(jié)上有變動。正誤參半選項內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯誤。顛倒是非與原文意思大相徑庭或完全相反。無中生有符合常識但與原文不符或原文并未提及。擴(kuò)縮范圍以偏概全如：almost,all,nearly,never,completely等絕對詞與文章意義不符。四、閱讀理解推理判斷題思維導(dǎo)圖五、閱讀理解推理判斷題考法點撥考法一：態(tài)度推斷題解題步驟：第一步：結(jié)合題干定位原文一處或多處信息，圈劃留下做題痕跡。第二步：仔細(xì)梳理信息，注意同義替換，進(jìn)行信息融合概括提煉。第三步：留意積累表示肯定、否定、客觀等態(tài)度類高頻詞匯備用。第四步：利用“題干+原文+選項”三個對照，核實后確認(rèn)最佳答案。思維導(dǎo)圖：【調(diào)研01】(2024全國甲卷第31題)【原文】Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.【調(diào)研02】(2023年新高考I卷第35題)【原文】Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.考法二：預(yù)測下段題解題步驟：1.從第一段入手。實用類說明文只要考生把握好第一段即主題段內(nèi)容,順藤摸瓜,即可推斷下段內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是主題段中尚未提及的內(nèi)容。2.從最后一段入手。有時候,作者在最后一段提到一個話題,但是沒有充分說明,因此需要在下一段就此問題深入分析、論述或討論。所以考生學(xué)會依據(jù)最后一段甚至最后一句話進(jìn)行推斷也不失為明智選擇。【調(diào)研03】(2023全國乙卷第33題)【原文】Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK’sobsession(癡迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.33.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Theartofcookinginothercountries. B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.C.TablemannersintheUK. D.Studiesofbigeaters.【調(diào)研04】(2011安徽卷第63題)【原文】Formanycenturies,peopleusedwindmillstogrind(磨碎)wheatintoflourorpumpwaterfromdeepundergroundwhenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthe1ate1800s,peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisal1owedthemtopeopleinalmostall1areasoftheUnitedStates,windmillswererarelyused.Duringthecourse1970s,peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercoasts.Today,thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.63.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Theadvantageofwindpower.B.Thedesignofwindpowerplants.C.Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.D.Theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind.考法三：意圖推斷題解題步驟：第一步：結(jié)合題干定位原文一處或多處信息，圈劃留下做題痕跡。第二步：仔細(xì)梳理信息，注意同義替換，進(jìn)行信息融合概括提煉。第三步：利用“題干+原文+選項”三對照，核實后確認(rèn)最佳答案。思維導(dǎo)圖：【調(diào)研05】(2023新高考I卷第28題)【原文】Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.【調(diào)研06】(2023浙江1月卷第33題)【原文】“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(傳粉昆蟲).33.WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A.Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.B.Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C.Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.考法四：推斷出處題解題步驟：第一步：結(jié)合題干定位原文關(guān)鍵句、關(guān)鍵詞，圈劃留下做題痕跡第二步：仔細(xì)梳理信息，注意同義替換，進(jìn)行信息融合概括提煉第三步：利用“題干+原文+選項”三對照，核實后確認(rèn)最佳答案思維導(dǎo)圖：【調(diào)研07】(2023全國乙卷第35題)【原文】Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.…Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.35.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD.HowArtWorksTellStories【調(diào)研08】(2022新高考I卷第21題)【原文】GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)…LateWork…21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.考法五：文體推斷題解題步驟：第一步：結(jié)合題干定位原文關(guān)鍵句、關(guān)鍵詞，圈劃留下做題痕跡第二步：仔細(xì)梳理信息，注意掌握技巧，進(jìn)行信息融合概括提煉第三步：利用“題干+原文+選項”三對照，核實后確認(rèn)最佳答案思維導(dǎo)圖：解題步驟：新聞報道類文章(anewsreport)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及人物、時政、教育、體育、科技等，突出新穎性、突發(fā)性和真實性。新聞呈“倒金字塔”結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段概括全文內(nèi)容，下面陳述細(xì)節(jié)。圖書評論類文章(abookreview)：書評、影評類文章涉及到作者介紹，內(nèi)容梗概、人物性格評論，寫作特色以及個人好惡等內(nèi)容?？破针s志類文章(asciencemagazine)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及到日常生活習(xí)慣、健康飲食、太空與海洋、創(chuàng)造與發(fā)明、計算機(jī)發(fā)展、人類未來、動物世界等。其重點是普及科學(xué)知識，提高科學(xué)素養(yǎng)?！菊{(diào)研09】(2022浙江1月卷第26題)TheUnitedStatesrosetoglobalpoweronthestrengthofitstechnology,andthelifebloodthattechnologyhaslongbeenelectricity.Byprovidinglong-distancecommunicationandenergy,electricitycreatedthemodemworld.Yetproperlyunderstood,theageofelectricityismerelythesecondstageintheageofsteam,whichbeganacenturyearlier."Itiscuriousthatnoonehasputtogetherahistoryofboththesteamandelectricrevolutions."writesMauryKleininhisbookThePowerMakers,Steam,Electricity,andtheMenInventedModemAmerica.Klein,anotedhistorianoftechnology,spinsanarrativesolivelythatattimesitreadslikeanovel.Thestorybeginsinthelastyearsofthe18thcenturyinScotland,whereWattperfected"themachinethatchangedtheworld".Kleinwrites,"Americadidnotinventthesteamengine,butoncetheygraspeditspasswordstheyputittomoreusesthananyoneelse."Meanwhile,overthecourseof19thcentury,electricitywentfrommerecuriositytoabasicnecessity.Morseinventedacodeforsendingmessagesoveranelectromagneticcircuit.Bellthengavethetelegraphavoice.EdisonperfectedanincandescentbullsthatbroughtelectriclightintotheAmericanhome.Mostimportantly,Edisonrealizedthatsuccessdependedonmasselectrification,whichheshowedinNewYorkCity.WithhelpfromTesla,Westinghouse'sfirmdevelopedasystemusingalternatingcurrent,whichsoonbecamethemajorformsofpowerdelivery.Toframehisstory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamsandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime.It'satechniquethathelpsturnalongnarrativeintoaninterestingone.26.Whatisthetext?A.Abiography. B.Abookreview. C.Ashortstory.D.Asciencereport.【調(diào)研10】（2022全國乙卷C篇）In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(堅忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”24.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A.Toteachinaschool. B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Towriteabook. D.Todosightseeing.25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids. D.Theysufferedseverehardships.26.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn. B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies. D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.27.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview. C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.考法六：活動評價題解題步驟：第一步：結(jié)合題干定位原文關(guān)鍵句、關(guān)鍵詞，圈劃留下做題痕跡第二步：仔細(xì)梳理信息，特別關(guān)注形容詞感情色彩進(jìn)行概括提煉第三步：利用“題干+原文+選項”三對照，核實后確認(rèn)最佳答案【調(diào)研11】（2023新高考II卷第26題）Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching.影響深遠(yuǎn)的 B.Predictable.可預(yù)測的C.Short-lived.短暫的 D.Unidentifiable.難以確認(rèn)的【調(diào)研12】（2023全國乙卷第27題）OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路線)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.27.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing.B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.六、閱讀理解推理判斷題真題演練【演練01】（2024新課標(biāo)I卷第27題）Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A.ToproveFarber’spoint. B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.C.Topraiseveterinarians. D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.【演練02】（2024新課標(biāo)I卷第27題）Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.【演練03】（2024新課標(biāo)I卷第35題）Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces–andevenspecies–thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”35.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas. B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers. D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.【演練04】（2024新課標(biāo)II卷第24題）Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveourphones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.Well,there’sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.“Youenterthefaregates(檢票口)andyou’llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory,”saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit—knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”24.WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?A.Topromotethelocalculture. B.Todiscouragephoneuse.C.Tomeetpassengers’needs. D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.【演練05】（2024新課標(biāo)II卷第30題）BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.【演練06】（2024全國甲卷第29題）Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor’sappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.29.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3aboutKrasnoyarsk?A.Itisheavilypopulated. B.Itofferstrainingfordoctors.C.Itisamoderncity. D.Itneedsmedicalaid.【演練07】（2024新課標(biāo)II卷D篇）GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign,AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable,movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.Fromthere,Campbellsays,willcomeArtificialDominantIntelligence.ThisiswhyCampbellhassetouttoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow-severaldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.Campbell’spointistowakeupthoseresponsibleforAI-thetechnologycompaniesandworldleaders-sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrentlydevelopingit.Sheexplainsweareata“tippingpoint”inhistoryandmustactnowtopreventanextinction-leveleventforhumanity.WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAltopanout.Suchstructuredthinking,followedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall.AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated. B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent. D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.33.WhatisafeatureofAIbyDesignaccordingtothetext?A.Itispackedwithcomplexcodes. B.Itadoptsadown-to-earthwritingstyle.C.Itprovidesstep-by-stepinstructions. D.ItisintendedforAIprofessionals.34.WhatdoesCampbellurgepeopletodoregardingAIdevelopment?A.Observeexistingregulationsonit.B.Reconsiderexpertopinionsaboutit.C.Makejointeffortstokeepitundercontrol.D.Learnfrompriorexperiencetoslowitdown.35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TorecommendabookonAI. B.TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C.ToclarifythedefinitionofAI. D.TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.七、閱讀理解推理判斷題名校模擬【模擬01】（2025·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）TheMonaLisaisthefamousLeonardodaVincipaintingofawomanwithamysterioussmile.Thisweek,thewomanpartedherlipstowhisperanancientsecret.ScientistsusingX-raystoexaminethechemicalstructureofasmallpartofthepaintingdiscoveredatechniqueLeonardousedinthework.Anoilpaintusedforitwasaspecial,newchemicalmixture,whichsuggeststhattheItalianartistwasinanexperimentalmoodwhenheworkedonthepaintinginthe16thcentury.“Helovedtoexperiment,andeachofhispaintingsiscompletelydifferenttechnically,”saidVictorGonzalez,achemistwhohasstudiedthechemicalelementofseveralworksbyLeonardoandotherartists.Theresearchersfoundarareleadcompound(鉛化合物)—plumbonacrite,inLeonardo’sfirstlayerofpaint.ThediscoveryprovedthatdaVincimostlikelyusedleadoxidetothickenandhelpdryhispaint.Thepaintinthestudyisaboutthethicknessofahumanhair,lyinginthetoprightareaofthepainting.Thescientistslookedintoitsatomic(原子的)structureusingX-rays,movingparticlesatthespeedoflight,permittingresearcherstolookdeeperintothepaintstructure.“Plumbonacriteisreallyafingerprintofhisrecipe,asit’sthefirsttimewecanchemicallyconfirmit,”Gonzalezsaid.Rembrandt,theDutchmaster,mayhaveemployedasimilarblendinhis17th-centurypaintings.Gonzalezandfellowresearchershavealsodetectedplumbonacriteinhisart.It’sbelievedthatLeonardousedleadoxidepowder,whichhasanorangecolor,tothickenhisoilpaintandspeedupdrying.“Whatyouwillgetisanoilthathasaverynicegoldencolor,”Gonzalezsaid.“Itflowsmorelikehoney.”ButtheMonaLisa—saidbytheLouvretobeaportrait(肖像)ofLisaGherardini,thewifeofaFlorentinesilkbusinessman—There’smoretohergazethanmeetstheeye.“Whatwearesayingisjustalittlebrickintheknowledge,”Gonzalezsaid.1．WhattechniquediddaVincipotentiallyuseintheMonaLisa?A．TheemploymentoftailoredX-rays. B．Theapplicationofarareleadcompound.C．Aspecialmixtureofoilpaints. D．Theuniversaluseofatomicstructures.2．WhatdoestheuseofplumbonacritesuggestaboutLeonardo’spaintingapproach?A．Willingnesstoexperiment. B．Givingprioritytoconventions.C．Technicallyidenticaloutput. D．Concentrationonpaintdrying.3．WhatisGonzalez’sattitudetowardstheuseofleadoxidepowder?A．Dismissive. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.4．WhatcanweinferabouttheMonaLisafromthelastparagraph?A．Itstillholdssecretsyettobeuncovered.B．Itechoestherealitiesoftheworldlylife.C．It’saperfectcombinationofoldandnew.D．ItservesasthekeytounderstandingLeonardo.【模擬02】（2024·江蘇·模擬預(yù)測）Replika,anAIchatbotcompanion,hasmillionsofusersworldwide.Thefirstthingtheydowhentheywakeupistosend“Goodmorning”totheirvirtualfriend(orlover).Thisstoryisonlythebeginning.In2024,chatbotsandvirtualcharactersbecomealotmorepopular,bothforutility(實用)andforfun.Asaresult,conversingsociallywithmachineswillstarttofeelmoreordinary—includingouremotionalattachmentstothem.Researchinhuman-computerandhuman-robotinteractionshowsthatwelovetoanthropomorphize(賦與人性)thenonhumanagentsweinteractwith,especiallyiftheyimitatebehaviourwerecognize.And,thankstorecentadvancesinconversationalAI,ourmachinesaresuddenlyveryskilledatoneofthosebehaviours:Language.Friendbots,therapybots,andlovebotsarefloodingtheappstoresaspeoplebecomecuriousaboutthisnewgenerationofAI-poweredvirtualagents.Thepossibilitiesforeducation,health,andentertainmentareendless.Casuallyaskingyours